( CIP ) /. :, 1999 ISBN 7-80647 - 165-0... - -.G843.956.5 CIP (1999) 54510 : : : ( 17 ) : : : : : mm mm 1 32 :1999 12 1 1 :1 :12.00 ISBN 7-80647 - 165-0/ G 30 :330002 ( )
,, :,,,,, 1998 7 12,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1
,,,,,,,,, 1872, 10, 1921 3 1,,,,,, 33, 20 85,,,,,,,,,,,, 1894, 2
,,, 1904, 3 3,1909, 0 12, 1921, 2 1, 1945 5 26, 2 2, 1930 7 13,, 4 1, 1934 2,, 90 1 1, 2 3 1938, 3, 1 4, 1950,,, 1 4,,,,, 1958, 13,, 10 3
6,, 1962 1970 1974 3,, 1966,,, 1976,,, 1958, ; 1955,, 1978,,,,, 1 3,4 1, 1 1,, ; 7 8 4,,, 1984,,,, 5 9,,, 1984, 1986,, 4
,, 90,, 1990, 1992,, 1993,,,,,,,,,,,, 1993,, 90 3 1996,, 4,,,,,,,, 5
,,,,,, 1998 7 12,,, 20 6
/ 1 / 1, 10 : ;, / 13, 20 85, 5, 3 4,, 1938 1
,, / 27,,,,,, :, 13,, / 41,,, 1982, 1984,1986 3,, 2 / 53,,, 4
,3, 2,2, AC,,,,, / 61, AC,,,,,,,,, / 73 1993,,, 3
, / 87,,,, / 95,,, :, :, 5, / 101,, 3,,,, 4 / 115, 1998
, / 125 16,, : 3 0, 4 0, 1 0 ; 4 3, 2 1 1998 7 13,, / 137 1932, 60, 60, / 151,,,,, 5
, / 160 6
, 10 : ;, 1
:1872, (22000 ) :1881, (20000 ) :1898, (46000 ) :1901, (17000 ) :1902, (13500 ) :1904, (12500 ) :1905, (22000 ) :1905, (7800 ) :1906, (41223 ) :1906, (49506 ) :1912, (16000 ) :1913, (20000 ) :1924, (18500 ) 2
,,,, 1863,,,, 19,,,,,,,,, 1872,, 10,, 1872,, 1881, 1871 3 18,,,,,,, 1898 3
,, 1892,,,, 0 10,, 1904,,,,,, 1900 5 14,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 4
4 0, 3, 1902,,,,,,,, 1904 5 1,,,,,,,,,,, 1895,,, 1904 5 21,, 5
,,, 3 3 1904 5 21,, 229, 7,,,,,,,,,, 1905 6 14,,,, 6, 4,,,, 1906,,,, 6
,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1905,,,,,,,,,,,,, 7
,, 1906,, 1908 7,, 5, 0 9,,,,, 17 0 10,,, 1906, 15 0 1908, 0 12 1904 1914, 36, 10,, 1914 24, 10 3,,,, 1915,, 8
1920,,,,,,, 1897,,,, 1917,,, A S, 1921 1923 1920,,,,, 1921 3 1, 3,, 1921 5 5, 2 1,,, 1924 30, 9
, 61, 1896,,,,,, 1924,,,,, 0 3 1923, 5 1,,,, 3 0,,, 0 5, 1924, 8 7 1,, 3 0,,,, 10
,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,, :,,,1925,,,,, 1926,,,,, 1927 6 5,, 11
, 23 5, 1928,,,,,,,,,, 1800, 4, 3,,, 33, 20 85, 1954,,,,,, 12
, 20 85, 5, 3 4,, 1938,, 13
1938,, 6,,,,,,,,,,,,, 14
,,,,,,,,, 30 30,, 1932 1 5,,,,, 20,,, 1930,,, 6 15
,,,,,,,,,,, 4,,, 7,,,,,,,,,,,,, 13, 16
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1930 7 13, 7,,, 50,,, 5,,,, 20,,,,,,!,,, 17
,,,,,,,, 4 1,,,,,,, 10, 81,,, 6,,,,,,,, 18
,, 4,,, 90 1 1,,,,,,, 2 3,,,,,,,,,,,, 1938,,,,,, 19
, 1938 36,, 36, 16,, 33 14,,,,,,, 15 : 1938 6 60,, 6 4, 4,,, 8 20
, 5,, 1 1,,, 0 2, 4 2,,,,,,,, 5, 4,,,, 6,, 6 5 8 1 4,, 5, 1 1,, 2 1, 6 12, 1 4,, 21
, 6,,,,,,,, 1 3,,,, 1 2,,,, 6 0, 2 0, 5 1 1938 6 19,,,, 4 2, :,,, 8,,,,,, 22
, 1938,,,,,,,,,, 1939 1945 6,,, 12 1932,, 1932 1940, 50, 20, 6, 1933 1 0, 1935 2 0, 1937 3 2,, 1881,, 1937,,,,,,, 23
,, 1943,,,, 1938,,, 1934,,,, 1938, 18,,,,, 1947, 1950,,,, 1950,,, 16,,, 4 1,,, 1910 6 2, 2 2, 1912 3 4 24
, 1 0, 5 1, 1920 1 3 1925,, AC 43, 26, 1920 1950,, 1954,,,,, 1950, 1954 6 21,,, 33,,,,,,, 20, 33,, 85,,, 1954 7 14, 5 81,, 25
,,,,,,,,,,,, 26
,,,,,, :, 13,, 27
1966 3 20,,,,,,,,?,,,,, 4000, 7,,,, 28
,,,, 1883,,,,, 1917,,, 1958, 3, 1889,, 12,, 50,,,, 1955 1968,,,,, 29
,,, 1956 4,,,,, 5 21, 15, 9 6 1955 9 4,,, 1954,,,, 1956,,, 1949, 1951 1953,,,,,, 15,,,,, 30
,,,,, 1956, 4 1958 6, 1958,,,,,,,,, 1956,,,,,, 1958,, 7 3,, 3 3, 3 2,,,,, 31
, 25,,, 7 3,,,,,,,,,,, 1951 1952,,, 1954,,,, 1956 1957 30, 34, 4,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 32,
,,,,,,,,,, 2 3,,, 4 1,,,, 1931,18,,,,, 1952,,,,,, 4 0,,,,,,,,,,, 33
,,, 424,,,,,,, 17,,,, 6 24,,,,,,, 6,,,,,,,,, 10, 38,,,,, 53 64 76 3,, 3,, 2 5,,,, 34
,, 6 28,,,,,, 13, 6 3, 1958,,,,,,, 1931 11 13,,,, 18,, 1951,,,,,, 1953, 1955 1956,, 7 13, 35
, 3 4,,,,, 1957 1958, 1957 1958 1959 1.68,, 1952 11 5,,, 1954, 1955,,,,, 1958,, 13,,, 1 4,,,,,,,, 36
, 5 2,, 6 3,,,, 1959,,, 1960 1962 1962 11 11 45, 18, 1963,,,,,,,, 1958 6,,,, 13,, 1000, 40,, 1933 8 18,,,,, 37
,,,,,, 1954,,,,,, :,,,,,, 1958,,,, 13, 3, :,,,,,!,,,, 38
,, 1958 1960,1959,, 1960,,,,,, 1966 12,, 20, 30! 1958 26 34,, 160, 13,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 8 39
,, 23,,, 1982,,,,,,,,,,,, 40
,,, 1982, 1984, 1986 3,, 41
1982,,,,,, 1986,,,,,, 42
,,,,,, 1962, 1966, 1 1, 1 2, 0 2,,, 1970 1974, 1978, 1 2,3 1,,,,, 1976 1 1,,, 1978,,,,, 1957 6 21,,, 43
,,,,,,,,,, 17, 1976,,, 1933,1954,, 3, 1967, 1972, 1962 5 1 2,, 1976 1982, 1976,,,,, 11,,,,,,,, 4,,, 1976 3 27,, 44
73,,,,,,,,,! 1981 9 18,,, 52,, 10,,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,!!,, 1982 6 13,,, 12, 7 8 8 30 45
,, 11,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,!,, 5, 3 1,,,,, 17,,, 3 3,, 90,,,,,,,,, 4,,, 46
5, 7 7 6,,, 8 7,,, 3 1,, 2, 4 1958, 1982,, 16, 1984 1986 1983 1984 1985, 1984,,,,,,, 47
,, 30,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 13, 1986 6 22, 13,,,, 1982 12,, 4,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1 0, 1 0 48
3 0, 1 8, 4 0,, 1983 1984 1985,,, 1 0, 3 0, 1 1, 1 8 2 0,,,,,,,,!,,,,,,, ; ; ;,,,,,,,,,,,, 49
, 17,,,, 4,,,,,,,,, 10!,,,,,, ; 25,, ; 28,,,,,,,! 36,,,,,, 41, 90,,,,,,,,,, 50
, 4, 5 4, 2,,,,,,,,,,, 13, 3 12, 4,1984,,, 1987 5 17,,,, 32,,,, :,,, 51
,,, 1988, 14,,, 1991, 8,,,,,,, 1998, 52
,,,4, 3, 2, 2, AC,,,,, 53
1992 AC, AC 1000,, AC 7, 3,,,,,, 13, 54
80,, 1982 1986,,,, 1984,,,,,,!,, :!,, 0 2,,, 6,,, 1986,,,, 1990, 1992, 1991,,, 55
1992,,, 1993,,,,,, 1991 ( ),,, 1963 11 5,,,,, 450 SUPER KING,,,, 1974,,,,, 1982,,, 120, 1983,, 4500 1983 1984, 56
15,, 21,,,, 1986, 13,,,,,, 1990 1994,, 1998 1998 1986,,, 1989 1992! (1987 1988) 19,, 1988 1989, 22,, 1990 1991, 30 23, 1991,,,,,,, 57
1992 AC, 1000,, AC 7, 3, 1993,,,,, AC,,,, 850,,,,,,,,,,,, AC,,, 1994 12 13, 1991, 58
,,,,, 1991,,?, 10 10,,,, 3,,,,,,, 14 1998 11,,,,,,,, 1998 12 17,,,,, 1999 6 59
12, :,! 60
, AC,,,,,,,,, 61
1898, 8 (1937 1948 1971 1972 1989 1990 1991 1992),10 (1924 1926 1927 1935 1938 1943 1969 1972 1976 1989), 1991 62
1993 5 26,, 64000 1 0 AC 22 10,,, : 37, :,, AC, 105, 106 1956 1993 5 26, : (1956 1959), (1976), (1978), (1992) (1991 1993) 37,, 26, 21, 44,,,, AC,, AC 1.82, 75,,,, 44,,, 63
,, 15,,,, AC, :,,,,, AC, AC, :,, ;,,, :,,, 1993 5 26,,,,, 64
,,, 4,,,,? 10,,, 23, 0 0,,,, 1 0,, 1,,,, 6, AC,, 6 26, 65
,,, 25,,,, 1986 6 26,,,,,,,, 10,,,,, :,,,,? 7 6,,, 6,, 66
7 8,,,, :,, 1994,,,,, 1994, 5 13, :,,, ;,, 0 6, :,,, 7 18 :,, ;, 67
7 1993 1994,,,,,?,!,,,,,,,,,,,,,, B,, 68
, 1993,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 21,,,, 300,,,, 10, 69
,, 22, 2000,,,,, 6 30,,, :,,,,,,,, 1994 5 21,, 10 ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,, 70
,,,,,,,,,,,,? 71
1993,,, 73
1994 1990, 1986 1982,,, 74
1988 14,,,,,,, 1991, 8,,,,,,, 1993,, 90 3 1941 11 27,,, 5 3, 2,,,,,, 3 2, 1992, 1993 12,,, 75
,,,,,,, 1991,, AC,, :,, 6, 3 1995,,,, 3?? 3? 45, 20,,,,,,, 76 15, 1995 1 18 ( 1
0 ),,,,,,,??,,,?, 3,,,,,,,,,,,, 77
,, 29,, 3, 1990, 6, 1995 9 6,,, 442,, 451, 451,, : 1995 8,,, 78
, 1995 12,, 68,,,,,,, 45, 30,,,, AC, 32, 1994 12 13,,,, 4 3 ( ),,, 79
,,,,,,, :, ; ;,,, 6,,, 1988 1989 1990 1991,,, 1990 1992 10 10 1992,, 13 ( ), 25, 21,,,,, 80
3,,,,,,,,, 1986 1989,,,,,,,, (,, ) 1993,,,,,, 3, 3? :, 81
, :,,,,,,,,?? :, 3?? :,, :? : 25 3,,, 3, :? :,,,,,,,,,? :,?? :, 82
:,,,? :, :,, 22,,,,,,, : :,,,,,,,,,, :? :,,,? :, :,,,,,,, 83
, :,?? : : :,,, 1993,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3 :? :?, :,?? :,!,, :,? :, 84
,,,, :,,,? : :? :,,,, :? :,,,,,, :,,? :, 85
,,,,, 87
:1918 : : :21186,190,1400 1960 : 4 1964 :1 4 1968 :1 4 1972 : 3 1976 : 3 1980 : 2 1984 : 1988 : 3 1992 : 1996 : : 8 88
,,,,,,,?, 1998, 1984, 1990 1994,, 1994 15, ;,,,,,,,,,,, :?,,, : : 89
,, 61,, 1990,,,, :,, :? :? 1993,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,, :? :, 90, 16
5 4 1,, 4 0 0,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, AC,,,,, 2,,,,, 1995 8 16,,,, 5 4 1 13, 3 1 91
,,, 7, 28,,, :, 8,,,, 8,,, 6, 1996 1 24 3 2 2 0, 6, 3, 1998,,, 1996,,,,,, 92
:,, 1 4,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,, :,,,, 90,,, :,, 93
,,,,,,, :,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,, 541 442,,,,,,,, 1998, 94
,,, :, :, 5, 95
: 7, 1992,,, 96
1996 5 8,,, :,,,,, 70,,,,,, 1970,,,,,1973,,, 3,,,,,,,,,,,,, 97
,,,,,, 1982,,,,,,, 1984, 7,,,, 1985 1986,,,, 26,,,, 1986,, 1989,,,,,, 1991 500,,, 1991 5,, 2000,,, 98
65%, 1991,, 10 9,,,,,,,, 1994 1995,,,,,, 1992 1994,,,, 1993,,,1994,,,,,,, 1995, 99
,, AC,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 8,,,,,, 23,,,,,,, :, :, 5, 100
,, 3,,,, 101
, 1952 8 7, 1988,, 1990, 1992 1994 11,,, 102
,, 1898, 9,10, 1993 AC,,,,,,,,,,, 1985,,, 6 14 4, 100,, 70, 10,,,,,,,,,,,, 200, 103
,, 6,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,, 100 1992 5 5,, : 5 5 20 20, 104
,,,,, 7 9800, 30, 18000,,,, :,! :, :, 30,,,,,,,, 500, 105
, 21 30, 4,,,,, 20, 1300, 750, 526, 80,13,,32, 15 14,,,, 106
,,,,,,,,, 7,, : 1998 5 15 : 1998, 7 2,,, 4 28, 5 10, 4, :, 107
:,,,,,, 6 5,, 4000 ( 725 ), :,,,,,,, :,,, 5 13, 24,, ; ;, 108,,,
, 5 15 7,, 6 3,, 5 20 279 1,, 6 50,,, 1995 1995,, 1994 1995,,,,,,,,, 1995 9,, 11 109
,,,,,, ( 11 17 ),,,,,,,,,,?, 70, 33 :,,,, 13 2,,, :,,,,,,, 1974 11 17, 1.87, 83 110
,,,,, :,,,,,,, ( ) :,, :,, 200,,,,,, :,,, 6,,,,,,, 6 3,,, 24 111
:,,, 4, 5,,?, :,,,,,,,,,,, :,,, :,,,,,,,,, 3 5,, 3,,,, 112
,,,,,,,,,, 1997,,, :,, 700, 1998 1999,, 1,,,,,,,, 16,, 113
, 1998, 115
1933 1934 1935 1936 RC 1937 1938 1939 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 ( ) 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 116
16, 172 1995 12, 1996 3 1997 11 30 1998,,, 32 1997 12 4 8, 4,,, 48 : 16,, 1 8 1 4 16 15,, 16 1994 1998, 20, 10 1938 3 1994 7 25 27, 15, 18, 1997, 24 ; 32 52, 64 117
,,,,,,, 7, 4,,, 8 4, 1996,,, 18,, 10,,,9, 1 17, 7000 ( ) 1992, 8000 1, :,, ;,,,,, 118 1995 9,
, 1995,,, 40,, 10, 3,,, 8 25000, 1997 11, 26.7, 47%, 1998, 98, 1992 160, 1994 320 1998 370 32, 172, 1998, 250 280 1998 6 10,, CFO CFO 1998 1992 11 10 ( FFF ), 119
1998, CFO, CFO 5,, CFO, CFO,,, CFO,, :,, CFO 16, CFO 16 195, 53 10 78 1998 6 16, 4000 CFO, CWWW.FRANCE98.COM), 1998, CFO,, 120
CFO 1997 3, 19.68 ( 3.7 ), 1998 CFO 400, 10,, CFO 10.035,, 98, 8.67 :,,,, 1996 7 CFO 10,, CFO, 4 :,,, CFO,,,,, 121
, CFO,,, CFO 1998 75,, 1969, ( FFF ), 1984,,, 3 1975 1984,, 1994,1989, 1998,1992 11,,,1955 6 21, :, 1979, 1981 1997 5 1998 6 10, 590 122
,1996,,,,,,,,, 1983, 35,,,, 1992, 16,,, 1993,,, CFO CFO,,, 123
16,, : 3 0, 4 0, 1 0 ; 4 3, 2 1 1998 7 13,, 125
16 ; ; 2 : ; 5 : 5 : 4 : : 32 : 15, 14, 13, 11, 10, 9, 8, 8, 8, 8, 7, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 1 126
,,,,, 1998 6 10 4 32,, C, C 4,, 1994,, 1992,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 127
,,,,, 28,,,,,,,, 1998,,,,, AC,,,,,,, 1997,,,,,,,,,,, 128
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3 0,, 442,, ;,,,,,, 129
, 613, 21,,,,,, 34,,,!,,, ;, 38,,,,,, 21, 2 0,,,, 46,,,, 130
1998 6 19,,,,,,,,,, 1982 4 0, 4 0 1 8 1998 6 28,,,,,,15, 39, 131
,,,,,,,, 5,,,,,,,, 90,,,,,,,,,, 5,,,,,,,,, 1 4 1998 7 3, 1 4,,,, 5, 2,,, 132
5 2,,,,,,, ;,,,,,, 3 4, 5, 4 1998 7 9, 20 00,,,,,,, 9, 0 0, 1,,,, 1,,,, 37 1, 68,, 133
,74,,,,,,,,,,,, 0 1, 2 1,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 134
1998 7 12 18,,,,,,, :,!, :,,,, 1998 7 13,,,,,,,,,,,, 27,,,,,, 135
, 2 0,,,,,,,, 30,,,,,,,,,,, 3 0,,,,,,,,, 136
1932, 60, 60, 137
:1935 1938 1943 1969 1972 1976 1989 :1982 1983 1993 1995 :1994 1996 :1960 1963 1980 1985 1991 :1996 :1990 :1979 :1965 1971 :1951 1966 :1964 1967 1973 :1952 1954 :1959 :1932 :1981 :1941 1986 1987 :1946 1947 1948 1953 1955 :1978 138
, 30,,,,,, 30, RC,,,,,,,,,,,, 1917,,, A S, 1921 1923 1932 1,, 1932 5,, 1932 1933, RC 1934 1935 1936 1937 139
,,,, 1938, 1939,, 20,,,,,,,,,,, 1934,, 1936, 1937 1938, 18,,,,, 1940 1946, 140
1932,, 1932 1940, 50, 20, 6, 1933 1 0,1935 2 0, 1937 3 2, 1945,, 1946,,,, 1947,,,, 1948,, 50,,,,,,, 1951 1952, 1954,, 1951,,,,,, 1953 141
,,, 1956 1957 30,, 18,,,,, 1953 1955 1958 1960 1962,, 60,,, 1966,, 1962, 60,, 1961 1963 1943, 1965 1966,,,, 1957, 60,,, 1964,,, 1967 1968 1969 1970 4,, 4, 1951 1952, 1965 1966, 142
,,, 1974 1975 1976 70,,, 1971 1972, 1973 1977 1980 3, 1978 80,,, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984 1985 1987 1986,, 1973 1985 1986,, 1984,,,, 6,,, 70 1971 1972, 70, 70 1986,,, 1989 1992 4, 1987 1988, 19 ; 1988 1989, 22 4,, 80, 90 143
,, 1993,,,,,, 3, AC,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 144
,,,,,,, 1995 1996,,, : 4,,,, 5 4 16 10,, 5, 3, 10,,, 7,,,,,,, 1995 3 24,,, 145
,, 3,, 22 10 : ;, 4,,,,,,,,,,,, 16,,, 146
,, 9 1995 1996,,,,,, 1996,, 3 1, 4, 1997,,,, 1.9,,,, 1924, 4 1933, 30, 60,,1960,,,, 1962 1963,,,, 1976,, 80, 4, 90, 1991 1, 147
,, 1996 1997,,,,,,,,,,,,, 10, 6 60,,,,,,,,,,, 1997 1998,,,, 10, 2 0 148
,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,, 700 15,,,,, 1998 1999,,,,, 18 89, 1 5,,, 9 4, 149
,,,, 11, 6 1996,, 3 1932, 60,,, 60,, 70 90, 1994 1995,1997 1998, 1998 1999,, 4,,,,,,,,,,,, 150
,,,,,, 151
(1998 ) (1958 ) (1983 1984 1985 ) (1991 ) (1998 ) ( 6,13 ) 152
1999,, 1998,,, 1972 6 23,,,,,,,,, 9,,,,,,, 4,,,,, 1984 6 23, 12,,, 10,, 14, 10, 153
,, AS, 13,, 3,,,,,,,,, 1989 5 20,, 17,, 5000,,,,,,,, 10,, 154
,,,, AS,,, 350,,,,, 1989,, 12,,,,,, 1994 8 17,,,, 0 2,, :,,,,,, 63,,,,,,, 85, 25 ; 87, 155
,,,,, :,!,,, 1996 5,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 200, 28,,,,,, 156
,, 10,, 442,,, 7,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 70, 1996 ;, : 157
,,,,,, :, 1/ 4, :,,,,!,,,,, 1998 7 12 18, 10,, :,, : 1,,,!, :,,,,,1998,, 1999,,, 158
,, 1872, 1999, 120,,, 120,, 159
: 1872, 1881 1898 1901 1902 1904,, 1905 1906 1908 0 12 1912 1913 1919 1921 3 2 1 1924 1928, 1930 7 13, 1, 1932 1, 1938 3 1943 160
1945 1950 1954 1955 1958 6 3 1973 1974 1976 1976 1982 4 1984 1986 1993 1997 1998 16 (7 12 ), 1999 1, 161