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The atomic number of an atom determines what element it is Atom is made up of proton neutron electron Hydrogen Carbon Uranium α β α
γ γ α β Paper Plastic Lead α γ β γ
Activity 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 鍀 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Time (in no. of half-lives)
E = Σ T, R W R x W T x H T 0.25-0.5 1 3.2 3.6 4.8 5.4 10
5 10-5 2 10-1 4 10-6 4 10-2 ~ 23% (~460 in 2,000) 4 10-4 8 10-3 5% (~100 in 2,000) 2 10-5 1 10-3 0.2-0.3 1.4-1.8 0.2-0.3 0.3-0.4 2.1-2.8
2011/5/10 輻射照射 輻射污染 曝露於高穿透輻射 體內污染 個人防護裝備對此情況不能提供保障 個人防護裝備能提供保障 輻射防護基本常識 體外污染 污染導致 地面照射 減免體外照射危害的方法 距離 屏蔽 吸收劑量與時間成正比 Radiation received 劑量 時間 個人防護裝備有利除污 吸收劑量 Radiation received Time 時間 8
Gamma Dose Rate Monitor
衞 Department of Health, HKSAR
Ba-140 12.8 y βγ Ce-144 284.4 d βγ Cs-134 2.1 y βγ Cs-137 30.2 y βγ I-131 8.0 d βγ I-133 20.8 h βγ I-135 6.6 h βγ Kr-85 10.7 y βγ Np-239 2.4 d βγ Ru-103 39.4 d βγ Ru-106 368.0 d β Sr-89 50.5 d βγ Sr-90 29.0 y β Te-132 78.0 h βγ Xe-133 5.3 d βγ (msv) (msv) 50 500 500 5000 5 50 50 500 ----- ----- 50 500 (Bq/kg) 238 Pu, 239 Pu, 240 Pu, 241 Am 1 90 Sr, 106 Ru, 129 I, 131 I, 235 U 100 35 S, 60 Co, 89 Sr, 103 Ru, 134 Cs, 1 000 137 Cs, 144 Ce, 192 Ir 3 H, 14 C, 99 Tc 1 000 > 30 Bq/cm 2 238 Pu, 239 Pu, 240 Pu, 241 Am 10 90 Sr, 106 Ru, 129 I, 131 I, 235 U 100 35 S, 60 Co, 89 Sr, 103 Ru, 134 Cs, 1 000 137 Cs, 144 Ce, 192 Ir 3 H, 14 C, 99 Tc 10 000
Marinelli beaker -131 10-137 0.1-134 0.1 (Bq/g)
衞 (303) ( ) ( ) 衞 Department of Health, HKSAR
衞 衞 Department of Health, HKSAR 进 运输 废 衞 Department of Health, HKSAR 衞 Department of Health, HKSAR
衞 Department of Health, HKSAR