2006 (CIP) /. :, 2006.4 ISBN 7-81102-245-1.... G647-53 CIP ( 2006 ) 027830 : : 3 11 : 110004 : 024 83687331 ( ) 83680267 ( ) : 024 83680180 ( ) 83680265 ( ) E-mail: ne uph @ n eupress. com http: www. neupress. com : : : 170 mm 240 mm : 20.125 : 429 : 2006 4 1 : 2006 4 1 : : : : : 30.00
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1996 6 28 1996 1997 ", 1996 1997 : 211 ", 21,, ", 1.,,, 1997 6, ( ),, 21,,,,,,,, 2.,,,,,,,,,,, " ;,, 3,, 98,,,,,,, ( ) 3.,, 21, " 1997 4, 6 5
, " 1997 6, " ( 144 ) : 21,,,,,, 1,, 4., 21,,, 2 3, 80 100,,,,,,,,, " 100,, 5.,,,, 1997 4,,, 4 97,, 6., 21, 21 ", ; 6
; ; 1997 4,, 1997 6 1997 CAI, CAI 7., 1996,,,,,,,,, 8.,,, CAI, CAI,, 1997 ",,, 94 95,, 9., 5, ( ), 10.,,,,,, ( ),,,, 7
1997 5,,,,,, : ; ; 11., ( ) ( ),, 12., ( 1996 1998 ), 211 ", 1988, 1997 4 ( ),,,, ",,,,,, ",,, 1998 13. 211 " " 211 ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 8
, ;,,, 3,, 21, :,, ",, :,,,, ( ) 1997, ;,,,,,,, 1997 1 14 1997 1998, 1997 1998 :,,,, ",,,, :, 9
,,, ( ) CAI 10, ",, ;,,,, 1.,??,,,,, ", : ; 21 ; ; ;, ; ( ), 2., ;,,, ( ), 10
1. 21 21 6 ( ) 28 1997 11 ",,,, 1997 10,, 1, 2., 21,,, : 4, 3. 6 4 " 40 ; ;, " ;,, ; CAI, CAI 4.,,, 5.,,, ;, ; 11
,, 6.,,, 7.,,,, 8., 40 97 ;, ; ",,,,,,,,, 9., ; ; ; 3 10. ( ),,,, 11.,,,, 12.,, :,,, 12
, :,, ( ),, 1997 9 1 1997 1998 1998, 1998, 1997 1998, 211,,,,, 21,,, 1999,,, 1997,,, 1997 1998 ( ) ( ), 6, 1.,,,,,, ;,,,, 13
( ),,,, ;, 21 ;, ;, 40,, ; 6,,,,,,, ; 7,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;, 2.,,,,,, ;, 3,,, 1982 ( 1982 ),,,,, 14
,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3. ( ), ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ;, ( ), ( ), ( ) 1998 3, ( ) 94, ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ),, ( ), ( ), 21, 21, 6 28, 1998 6,,,, 1997 1998,,,,, 15
,,,,,, CAI, CAI,,, ;,, ;, ;,, ;,,,, 1998 2 26 1998 1999, 1998 1999,,, 1.,,,,, ( ) ( ),, 16
,,,, 2.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3.,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,, 4.,,,,,,,, 17
,,,,, 5.,,,,,,,,,, 6., 21,, ; 97 98, ; 95,,, 7.,, ; ;,,, 8. 98 ( ), ( ),,,, 18
,, ;,, ( ) 30%,,,,, 1998 8 31 1999 1999, 1999,,,,,,, ( 7 20 ), ( ) ( ),,,,,,,, ( ),,,, 10 1993, : ( ) ( ) ( ),, 19
",,,,, 1998 7,,,,,, ;,,,, ;,,,, 99,,,,,,,, ;, ;, 1. 21 21,, 20
, ;,,, 2001, 1999,,,,,, 2.,, CAI ; ; CAI, CAI,, 3.,,, ;, ( 6 7 ) ( 12 ),,,,,,,, ( ), 4.,,, ;,,, ;,, ; ( ),,,,, ; 115,, 5.,, ; ; ( ), 21
6. ( ), ( ) 1998 ( ),, ( ) ;, ( ) ;,, ( ) 7.,,,,, 8., 9.,,,, 10. 1999 3 12 2000 2000,,,, 1.,,, 9 10,,,,, 22
,,, 2., 2000,,, 4, 4,,, 2001 3.,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,, 4, 4, 4 800 1000,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,, 23
, 70%,,,,, CAI, CAI 21,, 4.,,,, ( ) ( 1 ), 5.,,,,, 6. 2002 ;,,,,,,,,, 2002 2 23 24
2001 2000 2001 2001 2002,,,,,,,,,, A,, A A,,,, 10 30,,, 2002 1,,, 1., 2000,,,, 25
2001 5, ; 6, ; 2001 9,, 1, 2001 5,,,, 2.,, : ( 2001 2 ) ; ( 2001 4 15 5 20 ) ; ( 2001 9 ) ; ( 2001 9 ) ; ( 2001 10 ) ; ( 2001 11 ) ; ( 2001 11 ),,,, 3.,,,,,,,,,,, ( [ 2000] 26 ) 2000 2001 2001 2002, 26 4.,,
, 2000,,,,,,,, 2001 2002,,,,, 2001 5,,,,,, 2000, 2001,,,, 2001 3 + 1 " 4 + 1 2001 7,, 1,,,,,,,, 27
,,, 2001,,,,,,,,,, 2001,,,, 2001 2001 4 6, 2001,, 2001, ( ),,, 2001,, 2001 4 CAI,,,,, 5,,, 2001 3, 28
97 ( ),, ( ), ( ) 2001 6, ( ) 97, ( ) 2001 9, 97 ( ) ( ), ( ), ( ) ( [ 2000] 26 ), 2001 2001 3 4 9 10,,, 2001 4,,,,,,,, 2001 3,, 4,,,, ;,,, 2001, 2001,,,,,, ( [ 2001] 1 ),, 29
2001 7 20 2002 12 30, 2001 2 28 2002,,,,, 2002 ", 2002 2002 : ( [ 2001 ] 4 ),,,, 1. ( ),, 2. 2002,,,,,,,,, 30 3. 3
, 4.,,,,,,,,,,,,, 02, ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 98, ( ) " ( ), ( ) 5.,, 1 2, 3 + 14 + 1 6. ( ), :,,, ( ),,,, 3,,,,, 7. 3 ; 4, ; 6, 6 9, 9 31
; 4 5 ; 4 ; 9 ( ) ; 4 5 2002 ; ( 2 ) ; ( 2 ) ; ( 3 5 ) ; 1 ( 6 9 ) ; 12 ( 4 5 ) ; 13 ( 9 11 ) ; 14 ( 9 12 ) ; 15 ( 11 ) 2002 4 5 2003 2003 :,,,,, 1.,,,,,,,,,,, 2.,, 13 32
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,,,,, 1.,,,,,,,, 2.,,,,, 5,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,, 3., 1 9, 1988 13, 34
, : 1 16, 1 18, 1 23, 1 25,,,,,, : 2 27 3 4,,,,, : 3 6, 3 7 3 11,, : 3 13 3 18 1989 1 ( ),, 1,,,, :,, ;,,,,,, 35
,,,, 1.,,,,,, : ( 3 ) ; ( 1 ) ; ( 11 ) :,, :,, 2.,,,,,, 3.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 4.,,, 5.,,,,, ;,,,, 36
(, 1988 9 19 ) 37
",,,,,,,,,, 1994, ;,, 1.,, 1993, 33, 24, 72. 7% ; ; 9, 27. 3 %, 21,,,,,,,,,, 1993, 10, 8, 80%,,,,, 8,,, ",,, 35 ( 1995 33 ), 4, 11. 4% ; 18, 51. 5% ; 1, 5. 7% ; 9, 25. 7% ; 2, 5. 7 %,, 2.,, 21 1991,,, ",, 68 % ; 12% ;
,, 20% ",, ;,,,, 3.,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1992 76%, 1993 82%, 1994 91. 2%,,, 9, 7,,, 275, 579, ( ), 150 CAI, 14 CAI 1995, CAI 43, 10 4.,,,,,, 1995,,,, 1995 40,,,,,,,,, 40
;, 542,,,,,, 21, 1., 3 + 1 + 1", 1992, 4 10 3 + 1 + 1" 3 + 1 + 1, 3 3,, 3, 1 3,, 1,,, ;,,,,,, 1 ( ),, ( ), ( ),,,,, 3 + 1 + 1,,,,,,,, 89 90,,,,,,,,,, 2., 2 + 2", 41
1993,,, 21,, 1993 6, 93, 2 + 2 2 + 2,, 2,,, 2,,,,,,,, 93, 93. 33, 94 3 CAI, 1995 CAI, 3., 3 + 1", 1991,, 1 ( ) ;, ;, ; ( ),,,,,,,,,, 4., 1 + 4, 1 + 41995 95, 1, 4,,,,,, 42 5.,,, 91,
, 93,,, ( ),, 10 % 15%,,,,,,,, 1. 1986,,,,, 8 200,, 14 2., 1991,,, 1991 1995 42, 288, 30, 3, 14 13 50% 3.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1991 1995,, 1995 3 131, " 89 42,,,,, 1995, 1097, 174 43
327 596, 100% 4.,, ", 13 ( ), 35, 300, 1993,,,,,, 65,,,,,, 1995, 1414, 1254, 160, 88. 68%,,,, 70. 80%,, 1994 52 5.,,,,,,, 1991 1995,, 21, 3, 21, 266 6.,,,,,,,, 1989,,, 1995,,,,,,,,,,,, 44
,, ( ), ( ), ( ),,, ( ) 1996 6 28 1991 1992, 11 18,,, ( ), ( ), ( ),,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,, ( ),, ( ), ( ), ( ) ( ),,, ( ),,,,,, ;,,,, 45
,,,,,,, 88, 3,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 88 89,,, ;, 91,,,, 91 91,, 1., 4,, 91,,, 11, 5, ; ;,, ; ; 5,,,, ( ), 46
2., ( ), 6 ( ) 6,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ), ( ),, ; ; ; 90 ;, ;,, 87 12 ( 2, 4, 2 ),,,, 30%, ; 30%,, 16,, 1991,,, 88,, 88,,,,, :, : 30%, 20%, 50% 87, 47
,,,, ( ),,,,,,, ( ),,, ;,, 1991 12 4 1992 1993 24 ( 8 ), 19, 16, 3, 1993,,,,,, 1. 93, 93,,,,,,,, 2700, 48
,,,,,, 150, 200, 6, 6, 6, 2, ( ), 3 2.,, 3. 4, 4 270 300 ( 1993 3 2 ) ( ),,, ( ),,,,,,,,,, 600, 16, 1.,, 89 4 9, 1,,, 9,, ( ),, 1993 90,, 7 12 12,,, 1 2., 49
,, 93, 93,, ( ) 5% 3% 2 %,,,,,, 3.,,,,, 1991,,,,,, 1. 1986,,,,,,, 11, 37,, 1993 6,,, 1993,,,,,, 50
( ), 2.,, 172, 42, 24. 4% ; 28, 16. 3% ; 70, 40. 7%,,, 1993 6 5, 42, 5, 22, 15,, 3. 1992, 20 1,,,, 1993, 6 11 12,,,, 21 1500,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1993 7 1 :,, 4.,, 13 15 1993, 51
, 4 37,,,, 1993 3,,,,,,,,, ( ) 10 89 ( ) 1218, 86% ( ) 1218, 226, 18. 56% ( 20% ) ; 443, 36. 37% ( 35% ) ; 419, 34. 4% ( 36% ) ; 130, 10. 67% ( 10% ), 10 895, 327, 3874, 881, 3,,,,,, 1993,, 1993 7 18 52
1994 1995,,,,,, 92 91. 12%,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 9,, 8,,, ;,, ; ; ; ; ;, ; 8 4,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ; 53
,,,,,, 1.,,, 93, 94, 94,, 70, 24 2, 70, 9,, 61 94, 1994 10 6,,,,,,,,,,, 2. 89 90, 91 8,, 3. 21,,, 21, 95 95 :,,,,,,,,,,, 92 12, 1664, 54
4. 95 ( 5 ), 95 ( 5 ),, 5. ( 11 ) 1993 1994 16 47, 93, 6,, 18, 5, 13,,, ( ),,, 1.,,, 92, 91. 2%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 92 1352 ( ) ( 85 ) 2. 4%, 90%,, 1993 40%, 1993 18 ; 72. 72%, 1993 27 2.,,, 1994 11 30 55
, 93 280 ; 12 8, 93 286,,,,,,,, 92 80, 58 4, 5,, 3. CAI, 9 CAI ; ;, 10, CAI CAI CAICAI CAI CAI,, CAI, CAI, CAI CAI, 12, 6 CAI, 3000 4000,, 1994 12 11 18,, 9 12,, 1. 1994 5, 10 19, 5 11,, 3 11 20,, ( ) ; ( ),, 56
36, 3, 39 7300, 30 ;,,,,, 2.,, 3, 1988 10,,, 4, 1994,,,,,, 3., 69, 42, 27, 42 37 ( 88. 1 % ), 1, 4 1995,,,, ",,, 12 178, 169, 9,, 1995, " 57
270, 50, 20,,,, 1. 2 95%,, ( ) ( ), 11,,,,,, 50,,,, 4.,, 1995 6080, 11,, 1 7,,, 12, 1., 1994 1423, 1341, 82 1411, 1174, 83. 2 %, 11 ; 124, 64, 51. 61% ; 92, 65, 70. 65% : 7245, 52, 6, 8, 5, 6 2.,, 35%, 35%, 10% 90 ( ) : 18. 42%, 36. 11%, 35. 4 %, 10 %, 0. 07% 3. 58
91 158, 115 91, 357 4. 895, 500, 869, 252, 29%,,,,,, 211 1994 12 22 1995 1996, 1995 1996, 211,, 21 ;,,, 21,, 21,, 6, 2, 4 ;, ( CAI), 1996,, 59
21,, 600 132, 130, CAI 49, 17, 17, 4, 13 ; 14, 6, 8 1995 10 CAI,, 21,,,,,,,,, 95 150, 96 200 ( ) 1994, 100, 32, :,,,,,,,,,,, 1996,,, 1995, 40, 95 ( ),,, 60 1995, :
( ) 1993,,, 1996, 93 7 1996 33,,, ( ), : ;,, ;,,,,,, 7400 700,,,,,, 1996,,, 321, 90%,,,,,, 80%, 95% 1996 1819,, 1800, 6000, 9100, 53,, 61
,,, 22, ( ) 8,,,,,, 21 :, ( ), ;,,,,,,, ( ), 1998, 1996 6 18 21,, 52, 1995,, 1996 ( ),, 50, 30%,,, ( 35 ) 40 %, A, 2 ( 1. 4 ), 3 ;,,,, ( ) 20%, ( 30% ) 62,,,,,,,,,
6 14,, 1,,,, 85, 30,,,, 1998,, ( ),, 21,, ( ),,, 211,,,,,,, 21 1996 7 10 1998 1999 1998 1999 ",,, 1.,, 63
,,,,, ( ),,,,,,, 5 ( ), 7 2., 1998 7, 99,, 21,, 99,,,, 1999 32,,,,,,, 10 55 3. 1999, 1999 3,,,,,,, 4.,, ( ) ( ),, 64,
,, 100 3 5, ( ),, 3 1993, ( ),,,,,,, CAI ; CAI,,,, 1999,, 1999 7 12 1995, 1995, 65
,,,?, 1995 ( )?, 1995, :,, 21, 1.,,,,,,,,,, :,,, 1993 1995, 10, 2 2 1 3 2,,, 1995 10,,, 1995 7 29, ( 1995 6 30 ),, 1995 9,,, 15,,,,,,,,,,,,, 66
,, 10, 8,, 41, 27, 65. 9% ; 3, 7. 3% ; 3, 7. 3% ; 3, 7. 3% ; 4, 9. 8% ; 1, 2. 4%,,, 21,,,,,,,, 1995,, 1995 9,,, 96, 3 ; 96,,,,, 21 2., 1995, 4,, 4, 3,,,, 1993,, 13,,,,,,,, 3., 67
1995,, 1990 279,, 38, 3 8,, 5,,,,,,,,,, 4. ( 1 ),, 21 5, 95, 6 ;, 5 80%, ( 2 ), 93, 1995 7, 22 93 22 95, 735 32 95,,,, ( 3 ), 1 + 4, 311, 311", 1995 4,,, 311 5.,,,,,, 68
1994 1995 93, 1994 1995, 12,,,,, 1995,,,, 2, 6 1995 7 3 1995 7,,,,, 1995, 1995 1996 1995 10,,,,, 69
,,,,,,,,,, : 1996 1 10 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2002 :,,,,,,, ;, ; ; 38,, 2001 8 4 ( 12 ), 70
,,,, WTO,,,,, 10,,,,, 5,,,,,,,, 2001 5,, 2000,, 7 11, 606, 9000 35,,,,,,,, 252,,,,,, 2002, 10 200,, 211 71
140, 2001, 4 + 1 3 + 1 2 + 2, ( 110 ),, 3,,, ( 7 15 ) 2000 12, 2001 5,, ( ), 1998,, ( ),, 2000 7 2001 7 ( ), 2 2001 9,,,, 6,, 1,, 2001, 1, 3,,,,, 2001 7, 2001 11,,, 72,,
,,,, : 4,,,,, : 2001 12 28 2002 [ 2002 ] 23 2002,,,,, 16,, :, ;, ; ; ; ; ;,, ( ) 73
,,,,, :,,,,, ( ), ( ) 1.,, ",, WTO,, 2001 10 2002 4,,,, :,,,,, :,,,,, 2., 2002 61. 1%, 2002, 5, 4 ; 1, 2 2002 11 CCTV ( 41 ), 1 3.,,,, 2002,, ; ; 2002 6 14 ( ), 74
,,, ( ), ( ), 2002,,,, 72 13 ( ) 75% ;, ; ( ),,,,,,,,, 9, ",,,, ; ; ; ;,,,, : ; ; ;,, 2002 : ; ; 75
; 2002, ( 2002 ), 8 ; 2002 ( ) ( 2002 8 ), ( ) ( ) ; 2002 3, ; 2002 ; ; 2002 ; ; 2002 11, ( ), ( 9000 2002 1 ) ; ) ; 2002 ( 2500 2002 4 ) ; 2002 ( 2002 4 ) ; ( 5800 2002 8 ( 2000 2002 10 ),,, : 4 ; ;, : 2002 12 12 76
2003 ; ;, ; ;, ; ; ; 2001, 2002, 2003, 2003 131 2003 246,, 1. ( 1 ) 2003 11 20, 2005 : : ; ( ) ( [ 2003] 26 ) ; ( [ 2003] 26 ) ; 77
( ) ( 9 ) ;, ; ( ), ;, ; ( 2 ),, 5, 1 ;, 10, 5 ; 26 ;, 5 2004, 33 2. ( 1 ) ;, ; ;, ( 2 ) 2003 63 7 13,, 5,,, 5,,,,,,, 2193, 10 ( ), 1 2 ( 3 ), ;, ; ; ; 78
2003 10,,, 2003 12,, 2003 4,, ( 4 ),,, 2003 5, ; ;,, 3 6 ; 8,, 3., ; ; 30% ( 15% ) 2003 ( ) 563 ( ), 2003 12,, ( ) 30, 1700 3 12 ;, 5, ; 3, 21 ; ( ) 4, 1 ( 1 ) 2003 12, 22,, 33,,,, 136, 93 233 1. 2004 3 4, 79
4-26 4-28 ( ),, 2. [ 2001 ] 4 2002, 2000 2003,, 2003,,, :,, ;, 2 3,,,,, : 2003 12 30 80
2004 : ( 1970 1987 ) 17 ; ( 1987 2004 ) 17 : :,, :,, ( 1 ) 10 ( 2 ) 6 2005,,,, A,, ( ), 6 ( 3 ), 10 500 ; ; ; 3 81
;, 13 ( ) 2 ; 2,,, ; 2, 3 : ( 2004 5 19 ) ( 2004 7 13 ) ( 2004 11 29 ), 1 ;, 70 ; 5 ( ) ; ; 19 44,,,, :, ;,, 1, 805 ;,,, ; : ; ; ; ;,,, 2003 5, ( ),,, 82
2005,,,, 2005,,,,,, : 2005 1 10 83
,,, 1988 3 9 24 5 23 28 5 2, 5 12 ( 5 5 2 ) 5, 12,, 25, 98 ( 1980 49 ) 37 63 212,, 1982, 141,,,,,,,,,, 1985 1026. 2 1026 706. 6 3964. 4 5 2000,,
,, 20, 8, 3. 1 3. 1 ( 1985 ) 9. 22 8. 99 8. 32 8. 28 7. 76 6. 22 5. 04 4. 97 4. 93 3. 1,,,,, :,,,,, 3. 2 3. 2 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 6 ) ( 4 ) ( 12 ) ( 6 ) / / /% / / / / / /% 1996 1267 63. 48 1029 713 69. 29 134 439 140 1382 824 59. 62 683 234 34. 26 34 175 25 1779 1055 59. 30 471 142 30. 15 2 132 8 3331 1390 41. 73 1188 152 12. 80 1 131 20 185644 13551 7. 30 5549 675 12. 16 1 523 151 12743 3575 28. 06 5303 167 3. 15 0 105 62 3. 2, 2 ( ) 69. 29%, 2 ( ) 34. 26% ; 6 ( 86
) 30. 15% ; 4 ( ), 12. 80% ; 12 ( ) 12. 16%, 6 ( ) 3. 15 %, : :, 1986 2000 117263, 819, 31363, 39125, 45956, 1985 4. 93 9. 85 2000,, 3. 3 3. 3 2000 / / /% ( 2 ) 153 58 95 0 84 37 47 0 5. 49 ( 4 ) 131 3 80 48 8 3 5 0 6. 11 ( 6 ) 1863 109 1269 485 29 6 23 0 1. 56 3. 2 3. 3, 2 34. 26 %, 2000 5. 49 % ; 4 12. 80 %, 2000 6. 11% ; 6 3. 15 %, 2000 1. 56 %,,, 87
,,,, ; :, ;,, ( ), :,,,,,,,,,,,, 1988, " 3. 4 3. 4 1998 / 64 87 64 27 / 25 67 25 14, 28,,?,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,, 1952 13, 45,, 57, ; 1952 16 1987 138, 70 ; 1965 265, 1986 1126 ; 2000 5000, 1985 30833, 9000 25000, 1985 90159,,,, 10, 8,,, 88
,,, (,! ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,, 5 2 4 6, 3. 2, 1 2. 9, 1 7. 8 1 31. 8,, 4,, ;,, 239, 83, 34. 7 % ; 151, 63. 2% ; 5, 2. 1%, 98 %, 89
98 141 3. 5, 3. 6 3. 5 239 39 135 65 83 151 5 /% 16. 3 56. 5 27. 2 34. 7 63. 2 2. 1 3. 6 239 10 101 36 20 40 18 9 5 /% 4. 2 42. 3 15. 0 8. 4 16. 7 7. 5 3. 8 2. 1,, 16. 3%, 56. 5%, 27. 2%,, ;,,,,,, 60,,,, :,,,, :,,,,, :,,,,,,, :,,,, 90
:,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3 4,,,,,,,,,,, 20 50 60, ;, :,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,, 3. 7 3. 7 1952 1958 1962 1965 1978 1980 1982 1984 16 37 79 55 146 158 138 70 3. 7, 1952 16 1982 138, 1984, 70, 91
, 3. 8 3. 8 70 28 39 48 78 3. 8,,??,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,, 20 50,,,,,,,,,,,,, 50,, 3. 6, 10, 4. 2%,,,,,,,, :, ;,,,,,,,, 92
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3. 9 3. 10 3. 9 239 115 32 146 126 36 55 31 83 26 66 121 21 9 179 27 60 126 168 187 112 145 110 43 154 68 4 57 23 9 1 1 11 3 43 17 3 3. 10 239 101 100 46 75 30 115 107 124 118 105 12 13 56 29 84 239,,,,, ;,,, 93
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1988 4 6, 1993 3 23 4 2 6, 6 94,, 1. 1989,,
,,,, 1 3,,,, ;,,, 2. ( 1 ) 1989,,,,,, 40 217 3. 5 + 0. 5 + 2,,,, 5,,, ( ),, 100 %, 88 %, 91. 87, 80 ( 2 ) 1991 9,,,,,,, 1. 5 1 ;,, ;,,,, ( 3 ),, 3 + 1,, 3 + 1 + 23 + 1, ( ) 3 + 0. 5 + 0. 5,,,, 1989, 95
, +,,,,,, 8%,,,, 8,, 60,,,, 60 50,,, 60 /, 50, 8, ( ),,,, ( ) A, B, C " 1993,, 100 600 A, 10%,, 1000 B 65%, C25%,,,,,, A ; B C,, B, ;, C AB,, C,,,, ; 96
, ;,,,, 8,,,,,, 1984, 100 1993, 80 93, ( ), 150 180,,,,, 30%,,, 25 30, 2 4,,, :,,, 58, 1992 10 170 1993, 41 120 1993 4 12 ( : ), 2000 12 13 14, 1., 2001 1700 1500,, 2001 1200 1300 2541 2001 97 470, 2001 97
1300, 2001 9 3371, 2. 22 ( 3 / ), 0. 56 ( 0. 1 / ), 0. 36 ( 0. 1 ), 8. 16 ( 3 / ), 0. 64 ( 5000 / ) ; 2708, 3800, 2001 1200 1300 2., 21, 2000 11% 2005 14 % 15%,,,,,,,,, 2000 2,,,,,,,, 2000 85%, 2000 11 27 :,, ",,,,,, 1999 11 18 ( ) 22 : 616,,,, 98
,, 1999 160, 2000 220,,,,,,, 2001 1200 1300,, 2 3,, 2000 12 22
1992,,,,,,,, 1985, 1987,, 85 1987, 26. 7 % 1988 86 30. 2 %, 17. 87% 33. 13%,,,, 1988 11, 1989,, 1989 1990 1991 ( 87 88 89 ),, 47. 3%, 56. 3% 51. 3%,, ( 17. 87% 17. 28% 27. 16% ), 50% 1991,,, :,,,,,, 1992 ( 90 ) 65%,, 90 65%,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,, 1992 ( 90 ),, 76. 25% ( 3. 02% ),, 1993, 91, 78% 82% ( ),,,,, 18, 29,,, 50, 6,,,,,,,, 1980, 30 Basic, 10, 30,, 30 50 100, 10 20 40 90 2 3, 110 200,,, 102
,,, 160,,,,, 1992,, 9, 4, 5,, 13. 5, 30 386, 40, 3 4 ( CAI) 1993 1994 30 CAI, CAI,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 9, ( 1995 ), 6 1993 33 9 1993, 4,, 1993 37 15 1988,, 103
,, 1993 3,,,,,,,,, 3,,,,,,, 58, 1992 10 170 ; 1993, 41 120 2 3,,,,, 1986,,,,,, 8, 3, 37,,, 1992 4 1993 5,,, 1993 104, :,
,,,,,,, ( ) ( ) ( ), 1 2,,,,,,,,, CAI 5 CAI,,, CAI, CAI, CAI 1 2 CAI 3, 1. 1991 1995, 172, 42, 24. 4% ; 28, 16. 3% ; 70, 40. 7%,,, 1993 5 5, 42, 5, 22, 5, 5 1993 10 1988 1992, 791,, 307 105
2. ( 1987 ) ( 1992 ) 2 3 4 8 5 5 11 16 3.,, ;, 1993 6,,,,, 1993, 10,, 1993, 1993 3, 1992, 11,,, 1993,, 1., 1993 89 4 9, 1,,, 9,, ( ), 1993 90,, 106
7 12 12,,, 1 2.,,, 93, 93,, ( ) 5% 3% 2 %,,,,,, 3., 1993 7 9,,,,, ;,, 16, 4. ( ) 93 1000,,,,,,,, ( ) 1. 1993 1994 107
, 8926, 300, 30 93, 1995, 1 1996 10, 9,, 60, 1996 39 8, 89 4, 16 17 93, 9 285, ( ), 35 36 280, 500 600, 2. 93 11 9 2 5 50, 30, 30, 2900, 8. 7 3, 9 300,, 37 ; 35 ;, 1993 8 2 ( 1993 8 2 ) 108
:,, ; ;,,, 1. 1994 3, 3 2. 1993 82. 4%, 1994 91% : 15. 8 %,,,,,,,,,, ( ),, ;,,,,, 1. 109
,,,,,,,,,,,, 5, 1, 4, ; ; ;,,,,,, 2.,,,,, ( ),,,,, : 43. 5%, 32. 6%, 11% 60, 11, 18. 3%,,,, 2 1 ; 4 1 ( 1 ), 50% 25%, 3.,,,,,, 5 32 3, 400, 70% 71, 9, 62, 8 /, 10 /, 110
93, 31 9,, 22, 16 18,,,,, 1994, :, 30,,,,, 4.,,,, 50 % 12 ( ), 4, 8, 33. 3%, C ;,,,,, 1994, ( ), ; ( ),,,,, 5.,,, 111
,, 1992 42, 28. 2 1993 30, 1994 60, 5 1986 220 1990 50, 1993, 100,, CAI, 78,, 60%, 1 1 3 1, CAI 2 CAI, 10 CAI ( 600 ) 1 CAI, 30 CAD( ) 15 45, 6 CAI, CAD, CAI, 1994 40, 1995 60, 1996 80, 3 CAI,, 6. :,, ;,,,, 1989,,,,,,,,, C,,,,, 3,,,,, 112
,,,, 1 2, 7., 93, 34, 1,,, 5, 3, 2,,, 94 70, 26,,, 5 : 1, 1,,,,,,,,,,,,, 60 100, 93 94,, 170,,, ;,,, 8. 113
,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 8 8 4,,,,,,,,,, 211,,,,,,, 1994 9 10 ( 1994 9 10 ),,,,,, 114
1994 9 1995 6,,, 1994,, 30 % ;, 7 B, 7 B ; ; ;,, ;, ;, ;,, ;,, : 1000 1995 1994 500,,, 1994 A,, 1000,,,, A,,,,,,, 115
1., 1993 3,, 33,,, 8, 2 1993 7,, 1993 3 33 39 39, : 29, 74. 36% ; 3, 7. 69% ; 3, 7. 69% ; 3, 7. 69% ; 1, 2. 57%,,,, 39 ( 91 94 ) 7232, 60 ( ), 30,, 1993 10, 1994 19, 1994 12 1994 1995,,,, 1995, 2 3, 30,,,,,,, ( ), ( ), 116
( 1993 7 ), 5,,, 5, 21, 12,, 1994 11,,,,, : ;,,, 4,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2.,, 21,,, 117
,, 21, 5,,, 5, 9,,,,,,,,, 94, 95 3,,, 5,, ; 6 3.,, ( 1 ), 1993,,, 93, 44,, 24, 1995, 93,,,,,, 93 118
, 93. 33, ; 170,,, 93 24,,, 93,,,,,,,,,,,, ; ;, ; ( 2 ),,,, 1993, 6 : 93 6, 26, 92 42,,, 3 + 1,,, ( 40 ),,,,,, 311, 4, 89 9 90 12,, 91 8, 92 8 1994 1995 311,, 119
311, 311 ( ), 37,,, 311 ( 3 ), 13,,,, ( ) ( ),,,,,,, 1.,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 120
,,,,, 2.,, 20 60,,, 3.,,,,,, 4.,,,,,,, 10,,,,, 1995 7 13 ( 1995 7 ) 21,,,, 121
,,, 1993, 33, 23, 69. 7% ; 4, 12. 1% ; 1, 3. 0% ; 2, 6. 1% ; 3, 9. 1% ;, 21,,,,,,,, 1993, 10, 8, 8, 35 ( 1995 1996 33 ), 18, 51. 4% ; 4, 11. 4% ; 1, 2. 9 % ; 2, 5. 7% ; 1, 2. 9% ; 4, 11. 4% ; 5, 14. 3%, 1993,, 2010,???,,, 10,, 2010,, ( ), 2,,,,,,,,,,, 1995 9,, 1995 10,, 504, 1 2 200, 1995 8 122
3, 96, 3,, 3, ( ), ( ),,,,,,,, 21,,, 14 ( 1 ), 1994 1995 1996,,, 1993 3,, 3, 1996,,, 1996 6, 21, 6 ( 2, 4 ) 1996, 132, 600,,,,,,,, 123
,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),, 42 ( 5 ),, 1, 4, 4, ;,,, 1996 7 19, 14,,,,,, 5,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( 1996 1998 ), 211, 1998 124
1996 3 ( ),, ( 1995 1996 6 7 ), ( ) ( ),,,,,,,,,,, 1998 1996 7 19 ( 1996 7 19 )
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
1.,,,,,,, 7 1 2 ( ),,,,, ;,,,, 1987 1988,, 1987 1988, 7, 1988 1989, 2.,,,, ;,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,, 128
1987 1988 30 %, 1988 1989 40 %, 1989 1990 50 %,,,,, 3.,,,,, 7 1989,, 1990,,,,, ( ),, 1.,,,,,,,,, 1990,,,, 4, 1990,, ( ),,, 2 3, 4 5 129
2.,, 2, 72,,,, ;,,, 3.,,,,, 43 72 42,,,,, 1987 1988, 6 5 4 1988 1989, 8 10 6 1989 1990, 6 10 6 1990, 63 97 58 4.,,, 45%,,, 50 5. ( ) ( ),, 1987 ( ) ( ),,, 15%, 30%, 40%, 15%,,,,,, 84 130
, 70% 1984, 60, 500,,,, 1990, 1 2, 1990, ( ) 50, 400,,,,,,, 1.,,,,,,,,, 1987 1988,, 2.,,,,,,, ;, 3. 131
4, 4, 1997 1998,,,, 1987 1988, ;,, 1988 1989, 1988 1989 4,,,,,,,,,,, 1988, 100% 1987 1998,,,,,,,,,,, 10 1 2, 2, 7 8,,,,, 132,,,
,,,,,,,, 20 % 30%,, 560,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,, 10,, 5, 1 ( ) 1. ( ),,,, 2.,,,, 3.,,,,,, 4.,, 133
,, ;,, 1987 10 29 (, ) 95, 95,,, 95, :,,, ; ; ;,,,,,,,, 2700 ( ),,, ; 134
,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 85%,, 10%, 11%,,,,, 5%,,,,,,,,,,,, 95 1995 8 28, 1999 7 10, 4, 202 135
118 4 11 2 9 10 15 14 3 35 1 202 95 4 ( ), 4,,, 4, 2700, ( ) 24,,, ; ( ), 180 210,,,, ( ) 8 ( ), 30, 2 2 ;,, 6, 6, 6, 2,, ( ) ;,,,,, 150 ; 200,,,, 30,, 50 136,
,,, 95, ( ) ; ;,, ( 1993 7 ),, 95,, 1995 3 17,,,,, ( 95 ) ( [ 2001] 4 ),,,,,,,,,,,, :,,, ;, 137
, ;, ; ;,,,,,, ;, :,,,,,, ( ) 20 %,,,, 900, 900, 900, 300, 300,,,,, 138
55 ( 55 ) ( ) 55,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 139
,, ; ( ),,,,,,,,,,, 2002,,,,,,,,,,,, 35 100, 2002, 10 ( ),,, 1 2,,,,,,,,, 40,,, 140 100
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 100 2000, 2003, 141
, WTO, 2004, 5% 10 % ( ),,, 350%,,,,, 300, 100,,, 21, 50 %,,,,,, 2002,,,,,,, 50,, 142
, 30%, ( ),,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,, 50 % 70% ;,,,, ; ( ) ( ) ( ) 98, ( ) ( ), ( ),,,, 143
,,,,,,,,, ( ),, ( ) 4, ( ), :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,, 100, 20,, 100, 20,,,, 100 100,, 100, 20, 3 5 144,, 100
2001 12 20 ( [ 2001] 136 ) 2001 ( ) : 2001, 2001,,, 2001 3 2001 1.,, ( ) ; ;, 2. 1999 9 ; [ 2001 ] 3 [ 2001 ] 5, 3. ; ; ; ; 4. 145
, ; 2001 CAI ; 2001,, ( ) ( ),, 3 29 30, B5 30, 2001 2001 3 15 ( [ 2001] 3 ), 1994 10 6,,,,,,,, 10,,,, 1993, 93,,,, 146
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( 50 /, ),,, ;,,,, 0. 3 3,, ( 50 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,, 147
1994 10 6,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,, 148 1,
12, 13,, 14,,, 15, 16 ( 16, ) 149
,,,,,,,,?,, 1998 3, :, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : 21? + +?,,?,
?,?,? + + 98?,?,,,?, 21,,, 1997 4 6,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1998 4 7 ( ) 152
( ) :, ( ),, 1800 ( ), ( ),,, ( ) 1998,,, ( ),,, ( ), ( ) 4,, ( ),, 94 ( ) ( ) ( ),, ( ), ( ) ( ),,,,,, :, ;, ;,, ;,, ( ),? ( ),, ( ),, ( ) 153
, ( ) ( ),, ( ) ( ) ( ) 94 ( ) 4,, ( ) ( ), ( ), :,, 94 ( ),, ( ) ( ) 4, 202, ( ) ( ) 17, ( ), ( ), ( ), 1. ( ),,,,, ( ),, ;,,,,,, ( ) 2.,, 80% 154
93 ( ) 60. 6%,,,,,,, ( ), ( ) ( ) ( ), 1. ( ) ( ),, ( ),, ( ), ( ), 1998 94 ( ) 2. ( ),, ( ), 92 96 ( ), 57, 94 ( ),, ( ), ( ) 3.,,,,,,, ( ), ( ), 1998 3 4 ( 1998 3 ( ) ) 155
,,,, :, ; ; ; :, :??? 1. ( 1 ) :,, :, ( 2 ), : 40% : 40%, 60% ( 3 ),, :, 55%,, :,, 60% 70%, 20% 30 %, 10% ; ; ; 25% ( 4 ) :,,, 156
:,,,,, 2., :, 50% :,, 3. : :, 20% ;, 50% ;,,, 4. :,,, 8 1 : ( ),, 5., : ( ) ; ; ( ) ; ; ;, :, ;,, 6. A, B ( ) :, ;,, ( ), : A, B, ( ) A B 157
7. :, :,, ( ) 8. :,,,, :, ( ) : ( ), ; ; ;?,, 9., :, :, ( ) ;,, 10. :,, 5 : 90 42% ; 80, 90 38% ; 70, 80 16% ; 60, 70 4 % ; 60, : 5 ( 150 ),,, :,,,, :, 158
; ; : ; ; ; ; ; ; ;,,, :,, :, ( ) ( 50mm), ( ),, ( ),,, ( ) :, :,,,,,,,,, : 2005, 159
?,,,,, ( ),, ( ) 2003 12 16 ( 2003 2004 ),, 20 80,, 20 21, 100 CAI, 1999 20, 2,,,,, 1.,, 20 70, 80 1986,,,, CAI, 70,, 2. 90,,,, ;,, 160
CAI,,, CAI,,, CAI,, 100, 1994,, CAI,,,, 3.,,,, 7,,,,,,,,, CAI CAI CAI CAI,, CAI, CAI, CAI CAI ; 90,,, 161
CAI 50, 100, 20, CAI 50, CAI 40 ; CAI 100,, 12% 11,, 20,,,,,, 2000,, 2000,, : 100,,,,,,,, 2,, 2002, 2 300,, ; 300, 100, 100 100, 2002,,, 162
( 2002 11 2002 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 20 90,, 1949 2 1987 12,, 50 60,, 20, 200 50 60,,,,,,,, 163
,,,,,,,,,,,,, 60,,,,,, 4,,, 4 4,,, 1997 1998,, 1998 1999,,,,,, 6 1998 7,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1997 1998, 5000 10, 164
2 2,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 4,, 4,,,,,,,, ;,,,, ;,,, 1998 3, ( ), 94 ( ),,,, 1998 ( ),,,, 165
,,,, 1998 12 9 ( 1998 ) :,,,,,, 1991 3 20 62 65, ; ;,, ; ; 4 ; ( ) 16 ( 14 ) 19,,,, 166
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1992 4 23 24, 65 75, 1992 4 10,,,,, 1991, 1992,,,, ; ;, ; ;, ;,,,,,,,, 1991 1992,,,,,, 167
, 1992 11,,,,,,,, 37 107, 1993 8 15 16,, 14 2, 37 107, 54,, 20, 34, 8 17 20, ;, 1994 5 6,,, 1994, 1994 10 26, 15, 2 ; 1 ; 2,, 1994,, 300, 400,,,,, 1993 8,,,, ",,, 168
,,,,,,,,,!,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1994 11 16 ( ),,,,,,, [ 1990 ] 61,, 1., 169
,,,,,,,,,,, 1989, 4 5, 2 3, 2 3 ; 2 ;,,,,,,,,,,, 1990,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,, ;,,,,,,, 2.,,,,,,,,,,,, 32 170
, 27 536 3.,,,,,,,,,,,, 1989,,,,, 1990,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 90 134, 2 5 20,,, 10%,,,,,,,,, ( ) ( ), 12,, 1.,,,,,,, 171
1986, 1987,, 1989,,,,, 4,, ( 1 ) :,, 4, 1 1 1 1 2.,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1984, ; 1987,, 1250,, 1 2 ( ) 34, 11 1989,,,,,, ;,,, 3.,,,,,, ;,,,, 172
,,,,, 1988,,,,,, 1986, 168,,,,,,,,, 1.,,,,,,,, ; ;,,,,,,,,,,,, 2. 1990,,,,,, 173
,,, 3.,,, A, B,,, 50,,,,,, 4.,,,,, ;,,,,,,, 30, 90 33. 3%, 80 66. 7%, 79,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1990 11 25 ( 1990 ) 174
20 50,,,,,,,,,,, 1985 " ; 1988,,,, 8,,,,,, 70 1980,,,,, ;,??,,, :,, :,,,, ",,, ( ),,,,,,
,, ( 1980 ),, 1980,,,,, 3,,,,,, 11,, 20,,,,,,,,,,,, 3,,,,,,, 3, 320 ",,,, 320 160, 160,,, 70,,,, 1981 77,,,,, 177
,,, :,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :, ;,,, ;,,,,, + + +,,,, 178,,,
, 3, 2 1, ( ) 2 ( ),,, 15 20,, 2 1,,,,, 2,,, ( ),,,,,, ( ) ( ),,,,,, 90 %, 10%,,,,,, ;,,, ( ), 4 1984,,,,,,, 85 761,,, 83 3 1,,,,,, 1983 10,, 179
, 1987 1988, 2 3, 3 1, 60, 3 4,,,,,,,,,, ( 1500 1600 ),, 14,,,,,,,,, 1986,,, 2, :,, :,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,, 180
,,, ;,,,, 1981, 1983,,,,, 4 :,, ;,, ;,,,, ;,, 3% 5%, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 5 ; 3,,,,,, 84 8,, 5,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 83, 181
,,,,,,,,,,, 1983,,,,,,,,,,, 9,,, 3,, ( ),,, 1989, :, ",,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1990 4 182
,,,,,,,, ( ),, 2 3, 5, :,,,,,, 1987,,,, 1 2, 7, 7 65, 40 % ( ),,,,, 25 183
1.,,,, 7,,, 1989,,,,,,,,,, 7 :,,,,,,,,, 7, 4, 2.,, ( 1 ),,,,,,,, ( 2 ) : ;, 4 184
4,, 4, ( ) ( 3 ), ( ),,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,, 1988 10, 4,,, ;,,,,,,, 4, 1990 12 1991 1, 4 ; 1990 12, 4, 1992 3 ;, 3 3. ( ),,,,,,, ( ),,, 1991 3, ( ) 185
, ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ) ( ),,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,, 1992 3,, 19 ( ) 37,,,,,, 4.,,,,,, ( 1 ),,,,,,,, 8 200,, 5,,,,,,, 186 ( 2 )
;,, ;,, ; ; 5, 8, 6,, 10 ( 1 ),,,, 8,,,,,,,,,,,, ( 2 ), 8 3 100%,,,, ( 6 ) ( 2 ),,,,,,,,, 42, 28, 40. 7 %, 8 1, 7, 60,, 2, CAI,, 5, 1990 9 120, 40 1200, 187
,,,, : ( 3 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1988,,, 1991 1992,,,, 1992 7,,, 20% 45%,,,,, 1992,,,,,, 1992 6 188
,,,,,,,, 211,,,,, ;,,, 4, 1949 1957 1949 1951,, ; 1952 1957,, 1958 1966, 1977 1988 10, 1977 1981,,,, 1981, 111 733,, 1982 1988 10, 1978 1988 11, 377 1987, 11, 1988 11,,,, 1988 1992, 791, 307 1991, 16 1949 1957 1. 1949 1951 1949,,, 189
,, ( ),,,, 1949, 201 1950 6 :,,,, 1949, 1950 197, 1951 117, 1949, 515, 515, 74 89 47 85 11,,,,,, 1951,,,, 70 ( ) 2. 1952, 1952,,, 1952 11 12,,,, ", 1952 204, 175, 69, 4, 8,,, 5 ; 26,,, 1952, 519, 130,,,, 1953, 129, 78, 44, 7 1952 11, 1953 1 1953 1953 3, 1954 8, 1955 10, 1956 190
20, 1957 13, 1952 1957, 73, 57 78%,,,, 3. 1956,, 1956, 206 11,,, 1956 1957,, 9,,,,,,,,,, ;,, 1958 1966,, 1958,,,, 1. 1958 1958 9,,, 1959 1,, 1959 1959 186, 63 18 105, 1 2 105, 42 55 8, 26, 497, 191
67% ; 218, 3. 2%,,,,,,, 15, 8. 49%,,, 127, 71. 4% 20, 11. 2%, ;, ;,, 1960 12, 30 %, ; 50%, ; 20% 2. 1961, 1961 2, :,,,,,,,,, 1960 1961, 134, 46, 34. 3%, 1961, 26, 21 1961, 24, 1,, 1962 3. 1962, ;,,, 1962 12, 192
, 9 : : ( ) ; : ; : ( ) ; : ; : ( ) ; : ; : ( ) ; : ; : 1962, ( 1963 1966 ),,,, 63, 18, 81, 1963 3,,, :, ;, ;,,,,, 1963 5, 6, 6 ( 1963 1966 ), 4, ( ),, 1963 8 8 9 1962 1966, 22 2 5 1 1,,,, 1960 1961 34. 3% 1963 1964 2. 3% ( 173 193
, 4 ) 4. 1964, 1964,,,, 1965 12,, 1966 1968, 1966 1968,,,, 1. 1977 1981 1977 8, ; 11,,, 1978,,, 94, 74 11 6 3, 55, 39 1980, 53, 7 1 3 1 6,, 1979 1981, ( ) 679, 130 55 59 101 11, 208, 349, 56, 66, 85 123 291 180, 31, 10 3 3 4 2 1,, 2. 1981, 1981 1985 :,,,,,,, 55, 48, 194
,, ", ;,,, 1981,, 9,,,,,,, :, ;,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1984, 1981, 1977 200, 70, 35% ; 100, 50% ; 30, 15%,,,,,,, 30 :,,,, ;,, 80 80 ;, ;, 1981 9 1977, ( ),, 195
1982, 3. 1983 1986,,, 1983 12 ( 1983 1988 ) 112, 11 4 4 11 10 4 8 7 20 10 5 2 11 4 1, 1983 1987 147, 131,,,,,,,,,,,, 1986 3 ( 1986 1990 ) :,,,, :, 1 2,,,,,,,,, 1990, 1 2,, 1990,,,, ( ),,, 4. 1986 1988,,,, 1986 9, 1977 1985, ( 196
) ( ),,, :,,, ;,, ;,,, ;, ;,,, ;,,,,, 200, 100, 50,,,, 61 8 27 26 1986 10,, 1977 1985,,,,,, 1987,, 11,, 1986, 1987,, 1988 10, 1985 1987,,, 197
, 7 3 26 1 1988 11,,,, 1988 11 5,,,,,, 1.,,,,, 1988 12,, ; ; ; ; ; 1988 12 28, 27,,,,,, 4 1,,, ;,,, 2., :,,,,,, 1991 1995, 1989 2 28 62, 1991 1995 198
1990 7 4 ( 90) 375 1991 1995, 27 19, 1991 ( 91) 344 1991 1995,, 15 9,, 1990 11 13 16 1991 10 16 ; 42,, 1991 1995, 172, 42, 24. 4% ; 28, 16. 3% ; 70, 40. 7% ",,,, 3 5,,,, 1993 10, 42, 5, 22, 15 27, ;,,, ; ; 3.,,,,,,,, 1988, 18 199
,,,,, 1992,, 1992 3 5 " :,,,,,,,, 7 30,, 1993 5, 1992 10, ( 1992 ) 099, 31,, 11 11,,,,, ( ), 11, 11, 1992 12 23 25, 11 ;, 4., ( 1 ),,,, ; 1985 1992,, 200 ( 2 ),
,, 1986 1988, 1990, ( ),, 62, 57 5 6 14 37, 1 2 2, 1991 6 3,,, 1992 6 27 ( ) 1986 1989,, 3, 6,,, 5 1987, ; 1991, 5., 1. 2,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) ;,,, 201
,,,,,,,, 7, 1 1 1 1 2 1,,, 98%, 95%, 99% 6.,, 1990, 40,,, 1990 1993,,,,,,, 37,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 202
1993 6,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,, 77 78,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,, 203
,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ",,, 20%,,,,,,, 0. 2 %, 42,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ",, 204
:,,,,,,,,,, 1987 85,, 9 10,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1., 205
,,,,, 1 2,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2.,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,, 206
,,,,,, 3. ( 1 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1986,,,,,,, ( 2 ),,,,,,,,,, 1981, 2,,,,,,,,, 207
,,,,, 1986, 1987,,,,,,,,,, 1.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,, (, ),,, ( ),,, ( ),,,,,,, 1986 83, 84 85 208
160,,, " 1986, 2. 4 3 3,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3,,,,,,,,,, 1988 2 21, 20 90,,,,, 209
: 21,,,, 1.?,,,,,,,,,, 21,, ( 1 ) ;,,,,,,, ( 2 ),,,,,,,,,,,,, 210
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( 3 ),,, ( 4 ),,,,,, 2.,,, ;, 40 50, ; ;,,,, 1. 21,,, ( 1 ) 2000 211
, ;, ( 40 ) ( 30 ) ( 2 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( 3 ),,,, ;,, ;,,,, 2., ( 1 ),,,,, ( 2 ),,,, ( 3 ),,,,, 212
3.,,,,,, ; 30 45, ;,, ;,,,, 21,,,,,,,,,, 1.,,, ( ), 2.,,,,,,,, ;, 3., 213
,,,, ;,,,, 1 2, 4 5, 4. ( 1 ),,,,,,, ( 2 ),,,,,,, ;, ;,,,,,, 21 1997 1, ( ) 2005 3 25 21, 2005 9 1 1990 1 20,,,,,,, 214
,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1990,,, 1995 9 1 1999 1 1,,,,,,, 20,,,, 12, 16,,,,,,, 215
,,,, 28, ; 67 30 :, 30,,, 1990, 15 15,, 2002,,,,,, :, :, ( 14 ) ( 15 ) ( 15 ) ( 15 ) ( 18 ) ( 22 ),, :,,,, 20 216
: ( ) ( 22 ) ( 22 ), ( 14 ),, ( 12 ) ( 18 ),, ( 23 ), 17 :, ; 29 : ( ),,, :,,,,, ( 56 ), ( 60 ), 15, ( 62 ), 15, ( 63 ) 30, ( 63 ),,, ( 68 ),,, 217
,,,,, ( ), 1.,,,,,, 6 ( 5 ),, ( ),,,,,,, ;,, 13 : ;, 58 :,,,,,,,,,,, 2.,,, 2002, 15%,,,,,,,, 218
,?, 17 :, ; 29 : ( ),,,,,,,, 8,,,,,,, 3.,,,, : ( 27 ) 30 7 : 10 ( ), 10,,, 10,, ( ) ( ),,,,,,,,,,, :, ( 52 ) ( 55 ),,,,, 219
,,,,,,,,,, 10, 10,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,, ( 2005 7, ( ) 2005 23 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 220
,,,, ;,,,,,,,,, 1984, ; 1987,,, 440, 20 64 160, 10 45 141, 117, 15 48 54, 1985, 14, 2 7 5 ; 1987 11, 2 1 4 4, 5555, 3800, 1350,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,, 14 % ( 2%, 4% ),,, 1. 4,, 40%,,,,,,, 221
,,,,,, 1986, 1987,,,,, 1.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2.,,, 222
,,,,,,, ;, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 4,,,,,,,, 5 7 2,, 86,, 4,, 1985,, 50%,, ( ) 223
,,,,,,,,,,, 4,,,,,,, 7 4,,,,,,,,,, 7 4 4 40,, 7 4,,,, 724,,,, 1987 8, 8, l%, 68, 50%,,,, 8 224
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1987,,, 1989 21, 6 11,,,, ;,,,,, ;,,,,,,, 1990 3 225
,, :,,,,,, 1984,,, 1990,,, 1984 1993, 823, 1989, 1 2, 1993, 1, 2 4 26 1988, 12 1990 7,,,,,,, 1989 1993 ( 36 ),,,,,,,,,, 226
, ;,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) ;, :, ; ;,,,,,, ( ),,, 1990 9,,, :, ; ( ),,,, ;,,, 1991,, 56, 227
, 12 1994,, 40,,,,,,,,,, 1994 4,,, :,,,,,,,,, 1.,,, 311",,,, 311 8 89, 311, 5111, 1987, 4 5111,,,, 6, 228
1993 3 + 1 3 + 2,,, 1988,,, 2.,, 1988, 3 5 6, 230,, " 89 " 5,,,,, ",,, 3.,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,, 1993 91 82. 4 %,, 89,,, 4, ;,, 229
4., 1983,,,,, 5.,,,, 1984,,, 1990,,, 1984 1992, 805, 48 218 539, 1989, 1 2 ; 1993, 1 2 4 26 1988, 12, 2 4 6 1990 7,,, 1990 9,, 92,, 20%, 40% ( ),, 7, 1990 1993, 17. 55, 187 15 5,, 1989 230
1987, 14 37, 1993, 1988,,, 1988 1992, 791, 307 1986,,, 11 ;, 16,,, 98%,, 1990,, 1987 1993, 1987 500,,,,,,,,,,,, 1989, ( ),,,,,,,,, 231
,, ( 1994 4 ),,,,,,,,,,, 3 + 1 + 1 2 + 23 + 1 1 + 4,, 3 +1 +1,,, 21,,,,,, ;,,, 1992,, 89, 3 + 1 + 1,, 3 + 1 + 1, 3 3,, 3, 1, 3,, 232
1,,,,, ( ) 1, 1,,, 1, ( ),,,,, 3 + 1 + 1: 3 + 1 + 1, ; 3 + 1 + 1, ; 3 + 1 + 1, ; 3 + 1 + 1,, 3 + 1 + 1,, 3 + 1 + 1,,,,,,,,, ( ),,, ( ),, 89 9, 8, ( ),,, ( ) 67%,,,, 89 90 21, (,,, 1 2 ),,, 233
3 + 1 + 1, 2 + 2,,,,,,,,,, :, ( 1 4 ),, ;,,, ;,,, ( 5 8 ),,,,, ;,,, 21,,, ;, ;,, ;,,,,,, ( ) ;, 93, 93. 33,, 94 1995 CAI,,,,, 234
, 21,,,,,,, 1. 3 + 1,, 21,, 1991, 3,, 1,,,,,,, ;,,,,, ( ),,,, 88 89 92 80,, ;,,,,,,,, 2. 3 + 2 1 + 4,, 88 89 94,, 2, 3 + 2,,,,, 235
1 + 4 12,,,,,, 1995 1996, 1, 1,, 5,,,, :,,, ( ), ( ), 3.,,,, 1991,, 93,,,, 10% 15%,,,, + + + 1995, 27, 40 %, 1996 5 236
1994 5,,,,,, 1996 5, ( ) ( ) ( [ 1996 ] 40 ), ( [ 1996] 11 ), 1997 1999 4, ( ) ( 1998 3 ), ( [ 1999] 4 ), 2000 2003 10, ( ) ( [ 2002 ] 152 ) ( [ 2003] 160 ), 2005 2003 11, 592 ( [ 2003] 9 ), 2005, 1. ( 1994 1996 ),,, 1994 5, ( ),,, 7, 9,
, 2, 12 6 38,,, 1994 11 3, ", 2,, 1995 11, 1996, " 2. ( 1997 1999 ),,, 1996 2, ( ), 1,,, 1997 8,,,,,, 11,,,,,,,,, 1997 9 2000 1, 39,, 50%, 6, 30%,,, 1997 1998 239
, ( ) ; ( ), ;, " ; ;, ; 1998 12, 21,,,,,,,,,,,, 1997 4, 7 ( 50 %, 6 17% ), :,, 2, 2 50 % ;, ;, 7 3, 4, 1997 30% 1997,,,, 8 ; ( ),,,, 240
1998,,,,, 33 1998 3, 1000 ( ) ", ( ) ( ) ( ) 94 ( ) 1998 5,,,,,,, 1998, 10,, 20 ( ),,,,, 1998 12, ( ) ",,,,,, ( ) 1999,,, 4, ( ),, 4, 1999 10,, 7, 241
3. ( 2000 2002 ),, 2000,, 4, 8 2000,, 2000 1, 4, 1 1, 15 2000 10, 53 28 300 ( ), 96 ( ), ( ),, ( ) 2001 5,, 1998 ( ),, 2001, 7 11, 606, 9000 35,, ( ), 96, ( ) ( ), 2001 9,, 3 2001 8, ( [ 2001] 4, 4 ),, 4,,,, 2001 12 20 242
( [ 2001] 136 ), 13, 4 2002,,,,, 4 ( ) [ 2001 ] 136, 4. ( 2003 2005 ),,, 2003 7 9, 2003 ( ), 563 ( ),, ( ), 7 23, 2003 12, 2003 2004,, 2003 ( ) 1997 2005, 8 ( ), ( ), 2002,,,, " 5, 2001, ( ), 11, ( ) 2003 9,,, 2003 10,, 2005 2004, 4, 4, 243
,, ;, 2004 6 7 9 10, ( ), 2 2 ( 7 8 10 27 ) 3 ( 5 19 7 13 11 29 ) 2005 ", ", 2005 3 4,, 2004 2005 2005 ( ) 5,,,,,,,, " 20, :,,,,, :, ;, ;, ;, :, ;, ;, ;, 11,, 1. " ( ) 2005,,, ( ), 244 ( )
( ), ;, ;, ( ) A, ( ) : ( ), ( ), :, 2. ", ( 2004 5 12 10 25 ),,,, ( 2003 9 2005 6 ) 13 ( ), ( 2004 3 9, 2005 5 ) 3 ( 2004 5 6 9 10, 2005 5 ) ; 2 ( 2004 7 8 2004 10 27 ),,, 3 ( 2004 6 1 2004 12 27 2005 6 ) 3 2004 5 19, ; 2004 7 13 ; 2004 11 29, " ", (, 2004 4 ) 2 ( 2004 8 12 ), 70 30 3,,,,,, 19 44 245
,,,,,,,,,, 2860 ( 2003 1 2004 2 2005 1 ),, ( ),, 3. ",,,,,, 2005 10 15 2004 2005 :,,,, 1. [ 2004] 21 ( ) ( ),, 2.,, 246
, ;,,, 3.,,, ( ),, 4. : 15 16 ( 12 6 12 17 ) : ( ) : 1 2 3 ( ) ( ) 10 26,, ), ( 10 5. 6.,,, 1. 9 10 ( 9 13 10 15 ),,,, ; 2. ( 10 20 ) 3. ( 10 ) : 2003 2004 : ( ) ( ) ; 247
4. : ( ),, 5. ( 10 ) : 6. ( 12 ) [ 2004] 21 ( ), 7. ( 2005 1 ) 8. ( 2004 2005 ) 2004 ; 2004 ; 2004 9. 2004 12 2005, 2004 9 10 2005 2005 ( [ 2005] 1 ),,,, ;,,,,,,, 248
( ) ( 1 ) ( ) 1 7 ( 2 28 4 15 ), ( ) 8 12 ( 4 18 5 20 ) ( ) 13 20 ( 5 23 7 15 ) ( ), ( 2 ),,,, ( 3 ), 30%, ( 4 ), ( 2004 ),, ( 5 ),,,, 5,, 4 ( 6 ), ( ),,,,,,, ( 7 ),,, 249
,,, ( 8 ),,,,,,,,,, ( 9 ) ( 1 ) 3,,, ( 2 ) ( 3 5 ), ( 3 ),,, 14 ( 5 6 ), ( 4 ), 8 ( 4 22 ) ( 5 ) 19 44, ( 3 ) 9 250 ( 6 )
,,, ( 7 ) ( 13 ), ( 8 ) 2004,,, ( 9 ) ( ),, 2005 3 3,, ( ) ( 2004 4 ),, ( ) : ( ) ( ), 3 ( 2 ) ( ) 251
1 2 ( ) 1,, 1 ( ), 1, ; 252 8 1. ( 10 12 ) : ; ; ; ; 2. ( 4 5 ) :, ; ; ; ; 3. ( 4 ) : ; ; ; ; 4. ( 6 ) : ; ; (,, ) 5. ( 2 ) :
; ( ) ; 6. ( 4 ) : ;, ; ; 7. ( 7 ) : ; ; ; ; 8. ( 2 6 ) : ; ; ( 10 12 ) ; ( 4 5 ),, ; ( 1, 2 ) : ( 426, 428) ;, 4,, 1. ; :, 253
2. 3.,, ( ) : : : A 14, C 3( A 9, C 1), D = 0, ; : A + B 14( A + B 9, D = 0), D 1 ; ( ), A (, ), ;, ( ) ; 45 ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ) ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ) ; 1 ( ) 2004 6 ( 2004 6 ) 254
2005 6 1 2005 10 21 2005 10 15 10 21, 2005 6 1 2005 10 21 255
( ) 6 1 ( ) 6 1 ( ) 6 15 ( ) 6 15 ( ) 6 15 ( ) 6 15 ( ) 6 15 ( ) 6 20 ( ) 6 20 6 24 6 24 ( ) 6 30 ( ) 6 30, 6 30 7 8 7 12 7 15 7 22 ( ) 6 1 6 15 ( ) 6 20 ( ) 6 24 6 30 7 10 7 25, 7 30 256
( ) 6 20 6 28 6 30 6 30 7 7 7 8 7 15 7 15 8 30 ( ) 8 30, ( ) 8 29 10 22, 9 1 10 14 9 20 9 2, 9 2 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 15 9 15 9 20 9 20 9 20 : 9 25 9 26 9 28 257
( ) 9 30 9 30 ( ) 9 30 9 30 ( 9 30 ) ( ) 9 30 9 30 ( ) 9 30 ( ) 9 30 10 10 10 22 10 10 10 12 10 12 10 12 ( ) 10 13 10 15 10 21 10 16 10 15 10 21 2005 5 18 ( [ 2005] 58 ) 258
: < ( ) > ( [ 2002] 152 ),,,,, ( ) A, A A,,,,,,,,,,, ( [ 2003] 27 ) 2003 9 30 259
8. 1 [ 1. 1. 01] [ 1. 2. 01], 211 1.,,, ( 1) 2., 1. 1. 01 ( ) 3.,, ( ) [ 1. 2. 02] 00 03,, [ 2001] 4 5,,, 5.,,,, 4., 260
8. 1 [ 2. 1. 01] 00 03 6., ( ) (,, ) 7.,,,, [ 2. 1. 02] 35 8. ( 00 03 ), 35, ( 00 03 ) [ 2. 1. 03] 9.,,,? [ 2. 1. 04] 10. 55 ( 00 03, ), 261
8. 1 [ 3. 1. 01] 00 03 11., 00 03,, [ 3. 1. 02] 12. 00 03,, (, ) 13.,, 5000 [ 3. 1. 03] 14., 15.,,,, 16. 00 03, 30 % [ 3. 1. 04] 17., 18., 19., [ 3. 1. 05] ( ) 20., 25 % ( ), 20 % ( ) 21., 262
8. 1 [ 4. 1. 01] 3 : 1. 2. 22.,, 23. 3. [ 4. 1. 02], 24.,,,,, [ 4. 2. 01], ; 26. ; ; 27. ; 25.,,, 28. 2004, 10 2 [ 4. 2. 02] 1.,, 2. ( ) 3. ( ) 29. 30. [ 2001 ] 4,, 31. [ 2001 ] 4, 50 % 263
8. 1 [ 4. 2. 03] 1.,, 32.,, 33. 2. [ 2001 ] 4, 30% [ 4. 2. 04],, 34.,,, [ 4. 3. 01] [ 4. 3. 02] [ 2001] 4, 35. :,, 1. 36.,, 2. : 1. 2., 37. 38., 39. [ 4. 3. 03] 40. : 1., 2. 41.,, 264
8. 1 [ 5. 1. 01] 1. 42. 43.,,, 2. 44. [ 5. 1. 02] [ 5. 2. 01] [ 5. 2. 02] [ 5. 2. 03] 45. ( ) ( ) 1., ( ) ( ) 2. 46., ( ) 1. ( 47.,,, ) 2. 3.,, 48. [ 2001 ] 4 1. ( ) 49., ( ), ( ),, 50., 2.,, 51. [ 2001] 4, 1.,,,, 2., 52., 265
8. 1 [ 6. 1. 01] 1. 2. 53. [ 2001 ] 4,, 54. 55. [ 6. 2. 01] 56. [ 2001 ] 1. 4,,,, 2., 3., 57.,, ( ) [ 6. 2. 02] 1. 58. [ 2001 ] 4,,,,,,, 2., [ 6. 2. 03] 1.,,,, 2., 60.,,,, 3. 59. 266
8. 1 [ 7. 1. 01] 1. ;, 2., 61.,,, 62.,, [ 7. 1. 02] 1. ( ), 2. 3., 63., 64. 65. ( ) [ 7. 2. 01] 1. 00 03 ( ) 66., 2. ( ) ( ),, ( ) ( ) ( ) [ 7. 2. 02] 1. 00 03 67. (, ) [ 2001 ] 4, 2. 00 03 ( ) ( ), 04 ( ( ) ) 267
8. 1 [ 7. 3. 01], 1., 2. 69. 68., 70. [ 7. 4. 01] 1., 71. 2. [ 7. 5. 01] 1. 00 03 72., ( ) 2. 00 03 73., 3., [ 8. 1. 01] [ 8. 1. 02] [ 8. 1. 03] 74., 20 90,, 75., 76., 268 ( )
( ) ( ) : < > ( [ 2001] 4 ),,, < ( ) > ( [ 2002] 152 ),, ( ) ( ) ( ),,, ( ) ( ),, 12 26, ( [ 2003] 26 ) 2003 9 30 269
8. 2 A,, C 1.,, 2. 1., 2.,, 3.,,, 1.,,,,,,, 2.,,,,, 3.,,,,, 20%,, 4.,, 5.,, 15%,, ; 270
8. 2, A,, 90% 35% C (,, ) 90% 3., 50 % 15 % 1., 2., 4. 35 5., 2. 55, 95% 90% 100% 1.,,, 30% 20 % 271
8. 2 A C 1., 3, 2., ;,,,,,, 3., 1., ; 2.,, ;,,, 50%,, 70%,,,, 20% 25% 3. 4. 80%,,,,, 272
8. 2 A C, 5% 8% 1. ; 2.,,, 3.,,, 4. 50% 80%,, ;,, 1 5. : 1/3 12, / ; 2 /3 ; 1 /3 1 /3 ; 273
8. 2 A C 1.,,,, ( 70% ) 80% 2.,,,,, 0. 5, 1 ( ),, 0. 7, 0. 3, 2.,,,,,, 3. 100 100 3 1. 5,, 1 1., ;,,,,,,, 274
8. 2 A C 1.,,,,,,, 1.,,,,, ;, 3. 0%, 2. 0%,,,,,, 1. 5%,,, 60% 90 %,,,,,, 2. 3., 2.,,, 3. ( ), ( ( ), ),, 275
8. 2 ( ) ( ) A C ( ),,,, ;,,, 1.,, ( ),, ; ( ) ( ),,,, 2.,,,,,,,,,, 97% 95% 96%,, ( ) 80%, 90%,,,, ( ) 276
1.,, ",,, 2. ( ) A, A A,, 3. ( ), ( ) 4., 277
8. 3 [ 2. 1. 01 ] 00 03 1., ( ) (,, ) 2.,,, [ 2. 2. 02 ] 3. 55 ( 00 03 ), 55, [ 3. 1. 01 ] 00 03 4., 00 03,, 5., [ 3. 1. 02 ] 00 03,, ( ) 6.,, 5000 278
8. 3 [ 4. 1. 01 ] 7. 3, :, 1. 8. 2. 3. [ 4. 1. 02 ],, 9.,,, ;, [ 4. 2. 01 ] 10.,,,, ; 11. ; ; 12. ; 13. 2004, 10 2 [ 4. 2. 02 ] 14. 1.,, 15. 2. [ 2001] 4,, ( ) 16. 3. ( ) [ 2001] 4, 50% 279
8. 3 [ 4. 2. 03 ] 1.,, 2. [ 2001] 4 17.,, 18., 30 % [ 4. 2. 04 ] 19.,,,,, [ 4. 3. 01 ] 20. [ 2001] 4,,, : 1. 21.,, 2. [ 4. 3. 02 ] 22. : 1. 23., 2., 24. [ 4. 3. 03 ] 25., 1. 2. 26.,, 280
8. 3 27. ( ) ( ) 1., (, ) ( ) [ 5. 1. 02 ] 2. 28., ( ) [ 5. 2. 01 ] [ 5. 2. 02 ] 29. 1., (,,, ) 30. 2. [ 2001] 4, 3., 31., 1. ( ), ( ) ( ),, 32., 2.,,, [ 5. 2. 03 ] 33. [ 2001] 4,, 1., 2.,,, 34., 281
8. 3 [ 6. 2. 02 ] [ 6. 2. 03 ] 35. 1. [ 2001] 4,,,,,, 2.,,, 1. 36.,,,,, 2. 37.,,, 3. [ 7. 1. 01 ] [ 7. 1. 02 ] 38. 1. ;,,, 39., 2., 1. ( ) 40.,, 2. 41. 3. 42., 282
8. 3 ( ) [ 7. 2. 01 ] 43. 1. 00 03, ( ) ( ) 2., ( ), ( ) ( ) ( ) [ 7. 2. 02 ] 1. 00 03 ( ), 2. 00 03, ( ) ( ) ( ), 04 44. ( ) [ 2001 ] 4 ( ) [ 7. 3. 01 ] 45.,, 1., 2. 46. 47. [ 8. 1. 01 ] 48., 20 90,,, [ 8. 1. 02 ] [ 8. 1. 03 ] 49., 50.,, 283
80, 38,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 18,,,,,, 20 80,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 285
,!, 18,, 18,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,, 8 10, : 8 10, 10,,,,,,,,,!,,,, 1988,,,, ( ),,,, :,,,,,, 286,,
,,,,,,,,, 1988,,,,, 1990 11,,,,,,,, 1988 1992, 800, 300, ( 1987 ) ( 1992 ),,,,, 1987 12, 101, 102, :, :,,,,,,,, 20 1987 1988, 468, 287
,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,, 0,,,,,,,, :,, 10, :,,,,,,,,, ( ), ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,, 80% 97 :,,,,, : 288
,,, 1998,,,, 2002,,,,,,, ;,,,, 18,,,,,,,,,, 1989 40,, 44, 1961,, 1 5, 1500,,,,,,, 289
,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,, ;,,, ;,,,,,,, 6 24,, :!!!!,,,,,,,,,, ;,, ;,,, ;, ;,,,,,,,,, :, ;,,,,!!!!!,,,,,,,,, 290
,,, 1963 3 5 :, ;,,,,!, 44,,,,,, ( ) 2005 25,,,,,,,, :? 1981,,,,, ",,,,,,, ;, 291
,,,,,,,,,?, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1989 11 18 1127 1994 4,,,,,, ( ) 1994 ( ),, 292
( ),,, ;,,, ;,,,,,,, China C C, C 8 NCOEAOCU NCOEAOCU 8 C,,,, C ( ), 1994 5 4 ( ) 293
:,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,, : 20 90,,,,, 1993,, ; 1994,,, ; 1997, ; 1998 1999 2000,,,, ; 2001,,,,,,,,, 294
,,,,,, 2003, 80,,, 11,,,, :,, ;, 108,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 295
,, ( ) ;,,,,,,,,,,,!,, 2005 12 28 ( ) 296