X-PorteUserGuide.book

FUJIFILM SonoSite, Inc. 21919 30th Drive SE Bothell, WA 98021 +1-888-482-9449 +1-425-951-1200 +1-425-951-1201 Emergo Europe Molenstraat 15 2513 BH, The Hague FUJIFILM SonoSite Australasia Pty Ltd 114 Old Pittwater Road BROOKVALE, NSW, 2100 SonoMB SonoSite Steep Needle Profiling X-Porte SonoSite FUJIFILM SonoSite, Inc. Value from Innovation FUJIFILM Holdings America Corporation DICOM (National Electrical Manufacturers Association) US 8,216,146; US 8,213,467; US 8,147,408; US 8,137,278; US 8,088,071; US 8,066,642; US 7,804,970; US 7,740,586; US 7,604,596; US 7,591,786; US 7,588,541; US 7,534,211; US 7,449,640; US 7,169,108; US 6,962,566; US 6,648,826; US 6,471,651; US 6,416,475; US 6,383,139; US 6,364,839; US 6,203,498; US 6,135,961; US 5,893,363; US 5,817,024; US 5,782,769; US 5,722,412; AU:727381; AU:730822; CA:2,371,711; CA:2,372,152; CN:97113678.5; CN:98106133.8; CN 98108973.9; DE:602004023816.3; DE:602004027882.3; DE:60029777.2; DE:60034670.6; DE:69730563.5; DE:69830539.6; DE:69831698.3; EP:0815793; EP:0875203; EP 0881492; EP:1180971; EP 1180970; EP:1589878; EP:1552792; ES:0881492; ES:1552792; ES:159878; ES:2229318; FR:0815793; FR:0875203; FR:0881492; FR:1180970; FR:1552792; FR:158978; GB:0815793; GB:0875203; GB:0881492; GB:1180970; GB:1180971; GB:1552792; GB:158978; IT:0815793; IT:0881492; IT:1552792; IT:1589878; JP:4696150; KR:528102; KR:532359; NO:326814; NO:326202. P14671-03 2015 11 2015 FUJIFILM SonoSite, Inc.

1 X-Porte...1 X-Porte...2...2...3 2...5...7...7...7...8 USB...9... 11... 11 VGA... 12... 12... 14... 15... 15... 18... 23... 24... 24... 25... 25... 26... 27 i

3...31...32...32...33...34...36...36...37...37...38 CDA...42...43...44 DICOM...45 DICOM...45...46 DICOM...47...55...57...57...58...59...60...61...61...62...62...63...64...66...67...67 DICOM...68...69 USB...69 JPEG...70 efilm Lite...71 ii

4...73...74 M...74...76...77...79...80...82...86 M...88...89...93...93...94...95...95...95...96...97... 100... 100... 101... 101... 102... 102... 103... 103... 104... 105... 105... 106... 109... 109... 111... 111... 114... 115... 118 DVR... 121... 122... 123 iii

5... 127... 127... 128... 128 M... 129... 130... 134... 134... 135... 136... 138... 138... 139... 139... 140... 143... 161... 163 MSK... 169... 170... 173... 176... 177 MSK... 179... 180... 181... 181... 182 6... 183... 185... 185... 185... 196... 202 iv

7... 207... 208... 210... 211... 211 8... 215... 216 Spaulding... 216... 217... 222... 224... 225... 226 9... 229... 230... 230... 231... 231... 233 X-Porte... 233... 235... 236... 237... 238... 238... 239... 240... 243... 246... 250... 250... 251... 251... 251 v

... 252... 253... 253 EMC... 254 DICOM... 254 HIPAA... 254 10 ALARA... 255 ALARA... 255... 256... 256 MI TI... 257... 260... 261... 262... 262... 263... 263... 265... 266... 322... 323... 325... 326 vi

1 1 X-Porte X-Porte X-Porte X-Porte X-Porte 1

X-Porte 246 2 X-Porte

X-Porte 26 MORE Help X-Porte FUJIFILM SonoSite +1-(877) 657-8118 +1-(425) 951-6700 +1-(425) 951-1330 service@sonosite.com www.sonosite.com +31 20 751 2020 +44 14 6234 1151 +33 1 8288 0702 +49 69 8088 4030 +39 02 9475 3655 +34 91 123 8451 +65 6380-5589 X-Porte 3

4 X-Porte

2 2 FUJIFILM SonoSite X-Porte 5

1 2 10 3 4 5 9 8 1 4 3 6 7 2 2-1 X-Porte 1. 2. 3. 4. (4) 5. 6. (4) 7. 8. 9. USB (3) 10. 2-2 X-Porte 1. 2. 3. 4. 208 1 15 2 7 3 18 4 104 5 73 6

240 FUJIFILM SonoSite FUJIFILM SonoSite 1 2 1 2 7

3 ʘ O 4 5 9 8

1 2 3 2-3 USB USB USB USB 240 USB DVR 24 121 DVR USB USB USB 9

USB USB USB USB USB USB USB USB USB USB 5 USB USB 69 USB USB USB 1 USB 2 USB 10

FUJIFILM SonoSite FUJIFILM SonoSite VGA 1 2 8 3 7 4 6 5 2-4 1 5 2 6 3 7 4 MI TI 8 11

VGA VGA VGA 60 Hz VGA 1280 x 800 2-1 D-line 12

2-1 D-line M-line D-line D-line 13

1 2 shift Previous Next 123#? 123#? shift X 14

FUJIFILM SonoSite FUJIFILM SonoSite FUJIFILM SonoSite 216 (TTC) TTC TTC TTC 1 2 TTC TTC 15

3 4 TTC TTC TTC 1 16

2 3 4 17

1 2 1 SELECT 64 TRANSDUCERS & EXAMS 15 2 SCAN Cancel 104... 27 18

2-2 2D M a b D2xp c C11xp CVD, CPD CVD, CPD CVD, CPD CVD, CPD CVD, CPD C35xp d CVD, CPD CVD, CPD CVD, CPD C60xp d CVD, CPD CVD, CPD CVD, CPD CVD, CPD CVD, CPD a (Var) (CPD) (CVD) D2xp b PW TDI c D2xp d CIVCO FUJIFILM SonoSite e TEExi TEExi 19

2-2 2D M a b HFL38xp d CVD, CPD CVD, CPD CVD, CPD CVD, CPD CVD, CPD CVD, CPD CVD, CPD HFL50xp d CVD, CPD CVD, CPD CVD, CPD CVD, CPD a (Var) (CPD) (CVD) D2xp b PW TDI c D2xp d CIVCO FUJIFILM SonoSite e TEExi TEExi 20

2-2 2D M a b HSL25xp CVD, CPD CVD, CPD CVD, CPD CVD, CPD CVD, CPD CVD, CPD CVD, CPD ICTxp d CVD, CPD CVD, CPD a (Var) (CPD) (CVD) D2xp b PW TDI c D2xp d CIVCO FUJIFILM SonoSite e TEExi TEExi 21

2-2 2D M a b L25xp d CVD, CPD CVD, CPD CVD, CPD CVD, CPD CVD, CPD CVD, CPD CVD, CPD L38xp d CVD, CPD CVD, CPD CVD, CPD CVD, CPD CVD, CPD P10xp d CVD, CPD CVD, Var CVD, CPD a (Var) (CPD) (CVD) D2xp b PW TDI c D2xp d CIVCO FUJIFILM SonoSite e TEExi TEExi 22

2-2 2D M a b P21xp d CVD, CPD CVD, Var CVD, CPD CVD, CPD CVD, CPD CVD, CPD TEExp e CVD, Var a (Var) (CPD) (CVD) D2xp b PW TDI c D2xp d CIVCO FUJIFILM SonoSite e TEExi TEExi FUJIFILM SonoSite Aquasonic 23

FUJIFILM SonoSite 1 2 3 4 5 6 USB DVR E-SATA 1 2 6 5 8 3 4 7 2-5 1. USB 2. 3. 4. MicroSD - DVR 5. USB - DVR 6. E-SATA 7. USB 8. 24

FUJIFILM SonoSite 3 FUJIFILM SonoSite 36 14% 9 O 25

2-6 2-7 26

X-Porte 1 LEARN LEARN MORE LEARN 61 2 Visual Guide Basics 3 4 5 Hide LEARN LEARN Visual Guide 18 27

FUJIFILM SonoSite ECG 28

(CPD) (CVD) CPD CPD (IUGR) (PUBS) in vitro (IVF) (Orb) (Oph) FDA Orb Oph FDA X-Porte 29

30

3 3 MORE System Settings MORE 36 More Controls 64 1 MORE System Settings 2 Administration Administration 31

1996 (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, HIPAA) (European Union Data Protection Directive, 95/46/EC) HIPAA Administrator FUJIFILM SonoSite 3 1 Administration Login Name 2 Password 3 Login 1 Administration Login 2 User List Administrator 32

3 Password Confirm 4 (A-Z) (a-z) (0-9) 5 Save 34 1 Administration Login 2 User Login On 3 Done ID 1 Administration Login 2 User List Administrator 3 Disable Patient Header 4 Save USB DVR USB 121 DVR 1 Administration Login 2 User List Administrator 3 Disable USB Export USB 4 Save 33

20 Administrator 1 Administration Login 2 New 3 User Information Name Password Confirm 4 (A-Z) (a-z) (0-9) 5 User User 6 Administration Access 7 Save 8 Done 1 Administration Login 2 User List 3 Name User Administration Access 4 Save 5 Done 34

1 Administration Login 2 User List 3 Password Confirm 4 Save 5 Done 1 Administration Login 2 User List Administrator 3 Password Changes 4 Save 5 Done 1 Administration Login 2 User List 3 4 Yes 5 Done 35

33 1 2 OK Help Visual Guide Monitor Brightness Touch Panel Brightness User Profile 64 1 2 Guest 35 1 2 Change Password 3 Change Audio settings Audio settings 1 MORE System Settings 36

2 Audio Audio Audio settings Button Clicks Beep Alert Audio settings Beeps and Clicks Volume Calculations (TDI) Calculations 1 MORE System Settings Calculations Calculations 1 Calculations Cardiac 2 TDI Walls TDI 3 Done 37

1 Calculations OB 2 Gestational Age Growth Analysis None 3 4 Gestational Age Growth Analysis Reset Calculations X-Porte OB Custom Table Editor Microsoft Excel www.sonosite.com OB Custom Table Editor OB Custom Table Editor USB OB Custom Table Editor 38

OB Custom Table Editor 120 210 X-Porte OB Custom Table Editor Windows Windows Vista 32 64 Microsoft Excel 2007 VBA Excel Mac OS Mac OS X 10.5 (Leopard) Microsoft Excel 2011 1 Excel 2 (Windows) Security Warning Enable Content (Mac OS) Enable Macros 3 Setup-First Please Specify Language X-Porte 4 Setup-First Growth Age 5 Author 24 6 Weeks Min Mid Max Weeks 39

Value Age (weeks) []Age (days) []Range (weeks) []Range (days) []Measurement Name Measurement Type Value Age (weeks) [] Age [] 7 8 USB a Export b Please Select the Export File Folder USB OK CSV CSV 9 a b CSV USB USB c Tables d Import e CSV USB Import f 1 2 Calculations OB 3 OB Custom Measurements Add New 4 Name 40

5 Type 6 Save OB Custom Table Editor 1 Calculations Tables 2 / 1 2 Calculations OB 3 OB Custom Measurements 4 Yes 1 Calculations Tables 2 Gestational Age Growth Analysis Measurement Author 3 Delete 41

CDA DICOM Archivers Include CDA CDA DICOM CDA CDA Report CDA CDA 181 Custodian/Provider Organization Name / CDA CDA Report CDA 1 MORE System Settings 2 CDA Report CDA CDA Report CDA 1 CDA Report CDA Config 2 CDA Report CDA New 3 System/Author ID / 4 Custodian/Provider Organization/ Author/Authenticator Organization / 5 Authenticator Include? Authenticator 6 Save CDA CDA Report CDA Active Configuration 42 CDA

CDA 1 CDA Report CDA Config 2 CDA List CDA CDA Delete DICOM... 45 Connectivity DICOM 45 DICOM Connectivity 1 MORE System Settings 2 Connectivity Connectivity Connectivity Connectivity Location 35% FUJIFILM SonoSite 3 Connectivity Internal Storage Capacity Alert 43

... 59 DICOM... 45 X-Porte DICOM MPPS IP AE USB USB USB 1 USB 10 USB 2 Connectivity DICOM Setup DICOM 3 Config 4 Import 5 USB Import 1 USB 10 USB 2 Connectivity DICOM Setup DICOM 3 Config 4 Export 5 USB Export USB USB X-Porte 44

DICOM (DICOM) DICOM 115 105 DICOMDIR USB 69 USB DICOM X-Porte DICOM www.sonosite.com X-Porte DICOM (LAN) (PACS) (MPPS) DICOM DICOM 58... 58 CDA... 42... 59... 43... 67 DICOM DICOM PACS 1 DICOM USB 44 2 46 DICOM 45

3 47 DICOM 4 55 DICOM X-Porte 10/100/1000 IEC 60601-1 IEC 60950 24 Ethernet LAN LED 1 MORE System Settings 2 Connectivity 3 Connectivity DICOM Setup DICOM 4 Config 5 Location 6 New DICOM Location DICOM 47 DICOM 7 Location Wireless 8 Wireless Configuration 9 47 DICOM 10 Save 46 DICOM

CER PFX PVK USB USB USB 1 MORE System Settings 2 Connectivity 3 Connectivity Wireless Certificates 4 USB 10 USB USB 20 Import USB Delete 5 Done 6 DICOM DICOM Location Office 55 Archive PACS Printer DICOM Storage Commit DICOM 47

Worklist 105 MPPS MPPS MPPS 1 MORE System Settings 2 Connectivity 3 Connectivity DICOM Setup DICOM 4 Config 5 DICOM 6 New 7 Save 1 2 Delete 3 Yes 4 Done SonoSite 48 DICOM

AE DICOM DICOM IP 104 DHCP IP IP 127.0.0.0 127.0.0.8 255.255.0.0 IP 127.0.0.0 127.0.0.8 JPEG High Medium Low Low 70 JPEG 10 SSID Open WEP Shared WEP WEP Encryption 64 128 Key index WEP 1-4 Key WEP DICOM 49

RADIUS 802.1x Authentication Type EAP-TLS Extensible Authentication Protocol-Transport Layer Security User Name Client Certificate Private Key Private Key Password Certification Authority 47 EAP-PEAPv0 User Name Password Certification Authority 47 WPA or WPA2 WAP WPA2 Wi-Fi Authentication PERSONAL Passphrase WPA Encryption Authentication Type EAP-TLS Extensible Authentication Protocol-Transport Layer Security User Name Client Certificate 50 DICOM

Private Key Private Key Password Certification Authority 47 EAP-PEAPv0 Extensible Authentication Protocol-Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol User Name Password Certification Authority 47 AE DICOM RGB Mono JPEG IP DICOM IP 104 Ping IP OK Failed DICOM 51

Image Type Ultrasound CDA CDA SR Educational 67 IP DICOM IP 104 AE DICOM Ping IP OK Failed Agfa Codonics Kodak 52 DICOM

(RGB) (OD) (OD) (OD) (OD) SonoSite AE DICOM IP DICOM IP 104 Ping IP OK Failed DICOM 53

AE AE US IP DICOM IP 104 24 Ping IP OK Failed MPPS MPPS MPPS 54 DICOM

AE DICOM IP MPPS DICOM IP 104 Ping IP OK Failed MPPS 48 1 MORE System Settings 2 Connectivity 3 Connectivity DICOM Setup DICOM 4 Location 5 6 MPPS MPPS a MPPS MPPS b c MPPS DICOM 55

7 a b c SC 8 Done 1 MORE System Settings 2 Connectivity 3 Connectivity DICOM Setup DICOM 4 Location 5 MPPS MPPS 6 Done 1 Connectivity DICOM Setup DICOM 2 Verify Verify Status Failed DICOM Success DICOM Unknown C-ECHO Verify 56 DICOM

Date and Time 1 MORE System Settings 2 Date and Time Date and Time Date and Time Date Time Use Time on Time Server Server Address DICOM Use Time on Time Server Date Time Date Time Use Time on Time Server Daylight Savings Time Use Time on Time Server Time Zone... 31 Display Information Display Information 1 MORE System Settings 57

2 Display Information Display Information Display Information Patient Header Patient Name Patient ID Department ID User Institution Date and Time 2D Doppler Color M Mode M Mode Data... 31 Logs User DICOM 45 DICOM Assert System TextEdit USB Logs 1 MORE System Settings 2 Logs Logs 58

USB USB USB 1 USB 10 USB 2 Logs 3 Export USB 4 USB Export 5 Yes USB 1 Logs 2 Clear 3 Yes DICOM... 45... 31 Network Status IP SSID BSSID MAC MAC Network Status 1 MORE System Settings 59

2 Network Status Network Status... 43 DICOM... 45... 31 Power and Battery 1 MORE System Settings 2 Power and Battery Power and Battery Power and Battery Sleep Delay Off 5 10 14% 82 Power Delay Off 15 30... 31 60

Presets Presets 1 MORE System Settings 2 Presets Presets Presets Doppler Scale Units Doppler Scale cm/s khz khz Thermal Index TIS TIB TIC Units in/ft/lbs cm/m/kg Auto Save Patient Form Generate Patient ID ID ID ID Prefix ID ID Generate Patient ID ID 61

Presets Monitor Brightness 0-10 Touch Panel Brightness 2-10 35 1 Presets Labels 2 Apply Apply X Reset Exam Type 1 Presets Labels 2 Clear Labels on Unfreeze 62

1 Presets Exam Types 2 3 Up Down Transducer 4 Done / P21xp C60xp 61 63

1 18 2 AutoGain 3 Save Exam Type More Controls 4 Save User-Defined Exam New 5 Save 1 2 Save Exam Type More Controls 3 Save User-Defined Exam Update 1 Presets User Profile 2 Startup Start Select Screen Scanning 64

Transducer/Exam Select / Patient Info Class 2 2 ID 1 Presets User Profile 2 Bar Code Auto Query None Save Video Clip Record Freeze Save Image Print 1 User Profile 2 Footswitch (L) (L) Footswitch (R) (R) Freeze Print Save Image Save Video Clip End Exam Auto End Exam 1 User Profile 2 Program Control A AProgram Control B BProgram Control C C Program Control D D Program Control A A Program Control B B Freeze Program Control C C Program Control D D Freeze 65

More Controls More Controls More Controls 1 User Profile 2 Reset More Controls Learn Learn Learn More Learn 1 User Profile 2 Show Learn Button Learn Presets Presets Presets USB 1 USB 2 Presets Import Yes USB Import USB 66

Export Yes USB Export USB / / DICOM 68 DICOM DICOM... 45 176 1 PATIENT 2 Routing Selection 1 REVIEW 2 Patient List 67

3 Route Exam 4 Routing Selection DICOM / DICOM / 67 1 DICOM 45 DICOM MORE System Settings 2 Connectivity 3 Connectivity DICOM Setup DICOM 4 Config 5 DICOM Archive 6 Educational 7 Done 68

System Information 208 System Information 1 MORE System Settings 2 System Information System Information... 31 USB USB USB USB USB 1 MORE System Settings 2 USB USB 69

1 USB Export Type DICOM Export DICOM DICOM DICOMDIR DICOM MJPEG AVI FUJIFILM SonoSite Windows Media Player QuickTime 7.0 2 Image Format JPEG JPEG 70 JPEG DICOM RGB 3 Multimedia Export Sort By 4 Auto Export 118 USB 5 DICOM Export DICOM Include efilm Lite efilm Lite USB efilm Lite 71 efilm Lite Include CDA CDA CDA 42 CDA Include SR SR 6 Done JPEG JPEG lossy compression BMP 70 USB

efilm Lite efilm Lite DICOM USB 70 efilm Lite Windows DICOM efilm Lite DICOM efilm Lite 1 USB 2 USB 3 efilmlite.bat 4 efilmlite.bat efilmlite efilmlite efilm Lite efilm Lite efilmlite PDF USB 71

72 USB

4 4 X-Porte X-Porte 74 76 77 M 74 M Dual 79 80 Dual Display Format M D M D 18... 77... 76 M... 74... 74... 79... 80... 82... 86... 89 M... 88 73

1 2D Transducers & Exams SCAN 2 82... 82... 76 M... 74... 77... 79 M M Mode 2D M Mode M M-line M M-line M 1 M Mode M M (M-line) 2 M-line 74

3 M Mode M a 93 b Start Update Update More Controls c Stop Start M Sweep Speed FastMediumSlowx More Controls M Update M 4 88 M M... 88... 82... 77... 76... 79 75

1 Color 2 Steering 3 86 76

... 77 M... 74... 74... 79... 86 (PW) (PW TDI) (CW) CW Doppler D-line D-line D-line 1 Doppler (D-line) 2 77

Gate Size More Controls 3 +60 0-60 Angle Correct More Controls 4 PW CW TDI 5 Start Update 6 Update... 76 M... 74... 74... 79... 89 78

(Dual) Depth Mode Gain 1 Dual Dual Dual More Controls 2 Update More Controls 3 82 86 Dual Dual 1 Dual Dual 2 Update More Controls 3 FREEZE 79

4 Update... 77... 76 M... 74... 74 More Controls More Controls 1 More Controls 2 More Controls 2D 2D M M M 3 80

4 X More Controls More Controls More Controls More Controls 1 2 95 3 More Controls More Controls 4 2D M M M More Controls More Controls More Controls More Controls... 86... 89 M... 88... 82 81

80 4-1 THI (Tissue Harmonic Imaging, THI) SonoMB SonoMB SonoMB Update Doppler M Needle Profiling 97 Orientation Upper Right Upper Left Lower Left Lower Right Res / Gen/ Pen Res Gen Pen Dual Depth Gain Update 79 82

4-1 AutoGain Adjust AutoGain AutoGain AutoGain AutoGain 94-6 +6 +3 0-3 AutoGain AutoGain Adjust Sector Narrow Medium Full Video Clip Settings 119 Needle Guide Full ECG 123 Procedure Mode Dyn. Range Up Down -3-2 -1 0 +1 +2 +3 M Save Exam Type 63 83

4-1 Target Depth 127 Label 101 Zoom 96 Centerline 85 Needle Guide Distance 127 Ellipse 127 Trace 127 Calcs 134 Acute Care Acute Care Acute Care 170 84

4-1 4-2 85

... 73... 80... 86... 89 M... 88 80 4-2 Color ColorCPD Variance P21xp Variance CPD CPD Variance Flow State High Medium Low Scale Scale (PRF) Up Down Wall Filter LowMed High Steering 80 89 86

4-2 Invert Color CPD Invert Hide Color / Show Color Zoom 96 Save Exam Type 63 Video Clip Settings 119 Target Depth 127 Label 101 Zoom 127 Ellipse 127 Trace 127 Calcs 134 Acute Care Acute Care Acute Care 170 87

... 80... 89 M... 88... 82... 76 M M 82 80 4-3 M Dyn. Range Up Down -3-2 -1 0 +1 +2 +3 M ECG 123 Save Exam Type 63 Sweep Speed M Slow Med Fast Display Format 1/3 2D, 2/3 Sweep 1/3 2/3 1/2 2D, 1/2 Sweep 1/2 1/2 2/3 2D, 1/3 Sweep 2/3 1/3 Side by Side Update 88

4-3 M Label 101 Update M Distance Time M 129 M Heart Rate M 129 M M... 74... 80... 86... 89... 82... 74 D-line 89 4-4 91 4-5 80 4-4 D-line PW / CW / TDI PW CW TDI CW TDI 89

4-4 D-line Steering D-line Angle Correct 0 +60-60 D-line Gate Size Up Down Zoom 96 Save Exam Type 63 Video Clip Settings 119 Display Format 1/3 2D, 2/3 Sweep 1/3 2/3 1/2 2D, 1/2 Sweep 1/2 1/2 2/3 2D, 1/3 Sweep 2/3 1/3 Side by Side Full 2D, Full Sweep Update Update M /M Target Depth 127 Label 101 Distance 127 Ellipse 127 90

4-4 D-line Trace 127 Calcs 134 Acute Care Acute Care Acute Care 170 4-5 PW / CW / TDI PW CW TDI CW TDI Scale (PRF) Up Down Volume Up Down Gate Size Up Down Wall Filter Low Med High Sweep Speed Slow Med Fast Update M 91

4-5 Display Format 1/3 2D, 2/3 Sweep 1/3 2/3 1/2 2D, 1/2 Sweep 1/2 1/2 2/3 2D, 1/3 Sweep 2/3 1/3 Side by Side Full 2D, Full Sweep Update Baseline Up Down Invert Angle Correct 0 +60-60 D-line Auto Trace Off Peak Mean Peak Mean Above Below All Peak Mean Above Below All ECG 123 Save Exam Type 63 Label 101 92

4-5 Velocity 130 Time 131 Manual Trace 127 Auto Measure 133 Calcs 134 Heart Rate Slope M 93

AutoGain AutoGain Adjust 82 C D M M M Near Far (TGC) 94

134 1 FREEZE 64 Slide to Unfreeze... 134 X-Porte Dual 79 95

1 2 M CINE ( ) M CINE ( ) M Zoom 1 Zoom More Controls 2 3 Zoom Unzoom 96

1 2 Zoom More Controls Unzoom 1 Zoom More Controls 2 Off 1.0 3 97

X-Porte 4-3 4-3 Steep Needle Profiling 4-4 4-4 98

4-6 C35xp C60xp HFL38xp HFL50xp HSL25xp L25xp L38xp Steep Needle Profiling 1 Needle Profiling More Controls 2 Left Right Shallow Medium Steep 99

4-7 C35xp 30 30-40 40 C60xp 40 40-50 50 3 4 Off On 17 25 50 50 4-5 1. 2. 50 100

62 Clear Labels on Unfreeze 1 Label More Controls 2 Text Done Done Done Clear Cancel 2D 3 101

4 Label Edit Label Delete Label Remove All Text 1 Label More Controls 2 Arrow 3 Arrow Delete 1 Label More Controls 2 Picto 3 Done 4 102

5 Picto Delete 1 2 3 Label Set Home REVIEW Patient List Thumbnails 1 REVIEW Prev Next 2 3 Labels 103

4 101 102 102 Labels Mark Out Mark Out Delete 5 Save 6 Done 105 DICOM 106 106 ID ) 104

... 43 DICOM... 45... 67... 176 1 PATIENT 2 3 4 Done 5 Modify New Cancel 1 109 2 PATIENT 3 109 4 Done 105

DICOM DICOM 45 DICOM Class 2 2 ID 1 User Profile Bar Code Auto Query 64 2 1 PATIENT 2 Worklist 3 4 Update 5 Select Back 106

Scheduled Procedures Name Protocol Meaning 1 Performed Procedure Code Meaning 2 Code Edit Add New Code Code Scheme Name Meaning Save 45 DICOM 107

45 DICOM 4-8 1 Worklist 2 Update 1 Last First Middle Accession ID Smith Smith Smithson Smithy Additional Worklist Query Parameters Modality US Requested Procedure ID 2 Query 108

3 Select 113 1 118 2 PATIENT End Exam End Exam 64 End Exam 64 14 Last First Middle ID Generate Patient ID ID ID 61 Date of Birth Gender Accession Indications 109

Exam 18 63 BP HR Height 61 Weight 61 BSA Twins Twin A Twin B Twin A Twin B LMP EDD LMP EDD Previous Exams Twin A/B A/B Twin A A Twin B B ( Twin A/B Back Twins NT Credential (NT) ID P12345 Institution Department ID User Reading Doctor Referring Doctor MR # Clinical Category Exam Visit 110

Primary Obtaining/Interpreting / Secondary Obtaining/Interpreting / Additional Obtaining/Interpreting / 176 DICOM 67 / DICOM 45 DICOM Scheduled Procedure: Name Scheduled Procedure: Protocol Scheduled Procedure: Meaning Performed Procedure: Code Performed Procedure: Edit Performed Procedure: Meaning Additional Worklist Query Parameters: Modality Additional Worklist Query Parameters: Requested Procedure ID ID ID 182 111

USB DICOM 10 USB 67 116 Name ID Date/Time / 1 REVIEW Patient List Patient Patient List Select All Clear All 112

1 2 Delete 1 2 Info 1 2 Edit 3 Done 1 2 Append 113

1 REVIEW Patient List Thumbnails 2 Prev Next Full Screen Thumbnails 3 4 103 176 Delete 5 Patient List Exit Review DICOM 180 116 114

1 2 Print 64 1 2 REVIEW 3 Patient List Thumbnails 4 Full Screen 5 Print... 115... 111... 176 DICOM DICOM USB USB 115

DICOM DICOM DICOM Location Transfer Images 1 REVIEW 2 Patient List 46 117 ü 1 REVIEW 2 Patient List 116

3 4 Info 1 43 LAN LED 2 REVIEW 3 Patient List 4 5 Archive MPPS MPPS Discontinue USB USB USB USB 109 31 USB USB 1 69 USB 2 REVIEW 3 Patient List 117

4 USB 10 USB 5 6 Export USB USB USB 7 USB Include patient information on images and video clips 8 Export USB USB Cancel USB 1 70 2 USB USB 3 Beep Alert 36 Save in Progress 103 REVIEW REVIEW Patient List 111 95 118

... 36... 111... 115 ID 104 57 Save Image Save Image & Calcs 65 Save Image Save Image & Calcs 64 1 Video Clip Settings More Controls 2 Prospective Save Video Clip Time ECG Retrospective Save Video Clip Time ECG 119

Time Time ECG R-Wave Count R 3 Done 1 119 2 Save Video Clip 64 Clip Method Prospective Beep Alert 36 Time Clip Method Prospective Beep Alert 36 Time Stop Video Clip Time Video Clip Settings Preview Video Clip 3 Preview Video Clip a b c Save Done 2-4 43 120

Memory Full DVR DVR USB USB MP4 USB USB X-Porte USB USB FAT32 Disable USB Export USB 31 DVR 1 DVR USB DVR USB 24 USB DVR USB USB 2 Rec 64 DVR USB Rec DVR USB USB 3 Rec DVR 121

DVR 1 USB DVR 2 USB 3 USB MP4 DVR Full USB USB 1 USB X-Porte USB USB 2 MORE USB Image Gallery USB 3 Image Gallery 4 5 Select All 6 Delete USB USB.jpg.avi Exported 122

1 USB X-Porte USB 2 REVIEW 3 a Review Patient List b Patient List Thumbnails 4 Review 5 Export USB USB 6 Please enter a file name USB 7 8 Include patient information on images and video clips 9 Export (ECG) FUJIFILM SonoSite FUJIFILM SonoSite ECG 123

FUJIFILM SonoSite FUJIFILM SonoSite 1 P10xp P21xp TEExp 18 2 4-6 3 ECG More Controls 124

4 ECG Settings Show Gain Sweep Speed Slow Medium Fast M Position Up Down 5 Done 125

126

5 5 X-Porte 134 134 Switch Measure 127

Measure 134 Measure Measure Delete 1 Distance More Controls 2 3 4 1 Ellipse More Controls 2 128

1 Trace More Controls 2 3 4 1 Target Depth More Controls 2 M 1 M Distance Time More Controls 129

2 3 1 M Heart Rate More Controls 2 3 (cm/s) (cm/s) (VMax) (PI) (RI) S/D (S/D) (EDV) (PGMean) (VMean) (ET) (MDV) (VTI) (AT) (TAV) (TAP) (TAM) (PGMax) (Acc) (Decel) (PHT) 130

M 130 (cm/s) 1 Velocity More Controls 2 (RI) 1 Velocity More Controls 2 3 Velocity 4 RI 1 Time More Controls 2 3 131

5-1 / / TCD/ VMax VTI PGMax PGMean VMean VMax PI RI SD EDV MDV TAV VMax PI RI SD EDV MDV TAV VTI VMax PI RI SD EDV MDV TAV VMax VMax PI RI SD EDV MDV AT TAV VMax VTI PGMax PGMean VMean VMax PI RI SD EDV MDV TAV VMax PI RI SD EDV MDV TAP VTI VMax PI RI SD EDV MDV TAM VMax VMax PI RI SD EDV MDV AT TAP *TAP VMean ** S D S/D 1 Manual Trace More Controls 2 3 132

4 1 Auto Trace More Controls 2 3 VMax Decel PHT Slope 1 Slope More Controls 2 3 (Decel) (PHT) 133

1 Calcs More Controls Calcs 2 3 4 104 X-Porte 176 134

MSK... 95... 182 Calcs Acute Care More Controls Calcs Acute Carex 135

Save All Save Image & Calcsx Save Image & Calcs 64 1 Calcs Acute Care More Controls 2 176 104 18 136

1 Calcs More Controls 2 Area Reduction A 1 A 2 a b c d e 1 Calcs More Controls 2 Diameter Reduction D 1 D 2 a b c 137

104 18 1 Calcs More Controls 2 Volume 1 1Volume 2 2Volume 3 3 a b c 139 142 138

Allan, Paul L. et al.clinical Doppler Ultrasound, 4th Ed., Harcourt Publishers Limited, (2000) p.36-38. 104 5-2 * TAM TAP TAV Vol Flow ml/min * 139 1 Calcs More Controls 139

2 Volume Flow 3 4 3 a Volume Flow Diam b c 4 a Volume Flow TAP Mean Manual b Manual c Peak Mean d 5 WORKSHEET 104 141 5-3 ICA/CCA 138 138 136 140

5-3 CCA ICA ECA VA CCA ICA ECA VA a TAM TAP TAV b a 139 b TAV VTI (TAP) VTI (TAM) VTI VTI 141

VTI s d 1 Calcs 2 a b Next c d 1 Calcs More Controls 2 Volume Flow 3 1 a i Volume Flow Diam ii iii b i Volume Flow 1 1 TAP Mean Manual Mean VTI 142

ii Manual iii Peak Mean iv 4 2 a i Volume Flow 2 2 Diam ii iii b i Volume Flow TAP Mean Manual Mean VTI ii Manual iii Peak Mean iv 5 WORKSHEET 104 143

5-4 EF FAC IVC EF M LVDd LVDs LV Vol EF A4Cd A4Cs A2Cd A2Cs M EDA ESA M EDA ESA Max D M Min D M EF LVDFS A4C EF A2C EF EF LV FAC RV FAC a CO HR HR M 130 b 300 cm/s c VMax AVA LVOT D LVOT VMax AV VMax VTI AVA LVOT D LVOT VTI AV VTI d RA e E MV E/e' 144

5-4 LV CO Ao/LA MV Diastole M RVWd RVDd IVSd LVDd LVPWd M RVWs RVDs IVSs LVDs LVPWs LVOT D HR LVOT VTI Ao M LA M AAo LVOT D ACS M LVET M E-F M EPSS M EF LVDFS CO a SV LA/Ao a CO HR HR M 130 b 300 cm/s c VMax AVA LVOT D LVOT VMax AV VMax VTI AVA LVOT D LVOT VTI AV VTI d RA e E MV E/e' 145

5-4 MV/MR LV MV E Decel A PHT VTI IVRT Adur MR dp:dt b MVA AVA LA A4C LA A2C RA Epi Endo Apical E:A MVA LV a CO HR HR M 130 b 300 cm/s c VMax AVA LVOT D LVOT VMax AV VMax VTI AVA LVOT D LVOT VTI AV VTI d RA e E MV E/e' 146

5-4 AV/LVOT/AI TV/TR PV P Vein PISA AV VMax AV VTI LVOT VMax VTI LVOT D AI PHT RA TR VMAx E A PHT TV VTI VMax PV VTI AT A Adur S D MR VTI Ann MV VTI VMax AVA c VTI AVA c RVSP d TVA AT S/D PISA a CO HR HR M 130 b 300 cm/s c VMax AVA LVOT D LVOT VMax AV VMax VTI AVA LVOT D LVOT VTI AV VTI d RA e E MV E/e' 147

5-4 Qp/Qs TDI TAPSE LVOT RVOT D LVOT VTI RVOT VTI Sep e' Sep a' Lat e' Lat a' Inf e' Inf a' Ant e' Ant a' s' TAPSE M Qp/Qs E(MV)/e' e a CO HR HR M 130 b 300 cm/s c VMax AVA LVOT D LVOT VMax AV VMax VTI AVA LVOT D LVOT VTI AV VTI d RA e E MV E/e' (PISA) PISA 1 a Calcs More Controls b PISA Ann D c d 148

2 a Calcs b PISA Radius c d 3 Calcs 4 MR VT MV VTI a PISA MR VTI MV VTI b c d e LVDd LVDs LV (EF) 1 M Calcs More Controls 2 EF LV 3 149

4 Next 5 EDA ESA (FAC) 1 Calcs More Controls 2 FAC 3 a b c d e Ao LA AAo LVOT 1 M Calcs More Controls 2 Ao/LA 3 150

4 1 Calcs More Controls 2 Atrial Vol 3 a b c LA RA d s e 2 4 5 mm f LAVI / RAVI (BSA) LV EF 1 Calcs More Controls 2 EF LV Vol EF 151

3 a Manual Trace b c (LV) d e f 4 a Border Assist b (LV) c Trace d e MV AV 1 Calcs More Controls 2 Area MVA AVA 3 4 152

5 LV 1 Calcs More Controls 2 Epi Endo LV Mass 3 4 LV Mass Apical 5 6 (IVC) 1 M Calcs More Controls 2 IVC 3 a b Max D c d 153

4 a b Min D c d (Decel) 1 Calcs More Controls 2 MV/MR Decel 3 4 5 1 Calcs More Controls 2 MV/MR TV/TR TDI P Vein a b Next c 154

(VTI) VTI VMax PGMax VMean PGMean 1 Calcs More Controls 2 MV/MR AV/LVOT/AI TV/TR PV VTI 3 a Manual Trace b c d e 4 a Auto Measure b c (RVSP) 1 Calcs More Controls 2 TV/TR TR VMax 3 4 RA RA 155

RA (RAP) 1 Calcs More Controls 2 TV/TR RAP 3 (RA) RA 5 mmhg (RVSP) MV AI TV (PHT) 1 Calcs More Controls 2 MV/MR AV/LVOT/AI TV/TR PHT 3 4 a MV E-F b AV 5 (IVRT) 1 Calcs More Controls 2 MV/MR IVRT 3 4 156

5 (dp:dt) dp:dt CW 300 cm/s 89 1 CW Calcs More Controls 2 MV/MR dp:dt 100 cm/s 3 100 cm/s 300 cm/s 4 300 cm/s 5 (AVA) AVA 1 a Calcs More Controls b AV/LVOT/AI LVOT D c d 2 LVOT Vmax LVOT VTI VMAX - AV/LVOT/AI LVOT VMAX VTI - AV/LVOT/AI LVOT VTI 157

3 AV Vmax AV VTI VMAX - AV/LVOT/AI AV VMAX VTI Vmax AVA VTI - AV/LVOT/AI AV VTI VTI Vmax AVA LVOT AV VTI AVA Qp/Qs Qp/Qs 1 Calcs More Controls 2 LVOT D RVOT D a Qp/Qs LVOT D RVOT D b c 3 Calcs 4 LVOT VTI RVOT VTI a Qp/Qs LVOT VTI RVOT VTI b c d e 133 158

(SV) (SI) SV SI SI (BSA) 1 SI Height Weight BSA 105 2 LVOT a Calcs More Controls b (CO) LVOT D c LVOT d 3 LVOT VTI a AV/LVOT/AI LVOT VTI 155 (VTI) b (CO) LVOT VTI i Calcs More Controls ii CO LVOT VTI 155 (VTI) (CO) (CI) CO CI CI (BSA) 1 CI Height Weight BSA 105 2 LVOT a Calcs More Controls b (CO) LVOT D 159

c LVOT d 3 LVOT VTI a Calcs More Controls b CO LVOT VTI 155 (VTI) 4 HR a Calcs More Controls b CO HR c d e (TAPSE) TAPSE 1 M Calcs More Controls 2 TAPSE 3 TAPSE 4 5 (TDI) 1 TDI 89 2 Calcs More Controls 160

3 a TDI b c 105 138 (L) (W) (H) 1 Calcs More Controls 2 Uterus a Uterus b c (D) 161

1 Calcs More Controls 2 Ovary a Right Ovary Left Ovary b c (D) 1 Calcs More Controls 2 Follicle Right Follicle Left a 1 b c Next d e f g h 162

38 105 X-Porte 38 185 EFW EDD EFW 163

5-5 a YS GS Hansmann, Nyberg, TokyoU. CRL BPD OFD HC TTD Hadlock, Hansmann, Osaka, TokyoU. Chitty, Hadlock, Hansmann, Osaka, TokyoU. Hansmann Chitty, Hadlock, Hansmann Hansmann, Tokyo U. b APTD TokyoU. b AC FTA FL HL TL Hadlock, Hansmann, TokyoU. Osaka Chitty, Hadlock, Hansmann, Osaka, TokyoU. Jeanty Jeanty Cereb D CM Lat Vent Cx Len a AUA b Tokyo U. APTD TTD EFW c (EFW) EFW Hadlock EFW 1 2 3 d (Growth Analysis) (Report Graphs) LMP EDD 164

5-5 (EFW) c HC AC FL Hadlock 1 BPD AC FL Hadlock 2 AC FL Hadlock 3 BPD TTD BPD FTA FL BPD AC BPD TTD APTD FL Hansmann OsakaU. Shepard TokyoU. HC/AC Campbell FL/AC FL/BPD FL/HC Hadlock Hohler Hadlock Q 1, Q 2, Q 3, Q 4 Jeng d BPD Chitty, Hadlock, Jeanty HC Chitty, Hadlock, Jeanty AC FL EFW HC/AC Chitty, Hadlock, Jeanty Chitty, Hadlock, Jeanty Brenner, Hadlock, Jeanty Campbell a AUA b Tokyo U. APTD TTD EFW c (EFW) EFW Hadlock EFW 1 2 3 d (Growth Analysis) (Report Graphs) LMP EDD 165

AFI 1 2 LMP EDD Twins 3 Calcs More Controls 4 a Twin A A Twin B B b c d M 1 2 M Calcs More Controls 3 HR M HR Twin A HR A Twin B HR B Doppler Measurements Twin A Doppler Measurements A Twin B Doppler Measurements B 166

4 5 6 S/D (MCA) RI PI (UmbA) ) 1 2 LMP EDD Twins 3 Calcs More Controls 4 a Doppler Measurements MCA UmbA b S/D, RI S/D, RI, PI 5 S/D, RI S/D, RI, PI 167

MCA UmbA 5-6 MCA UmbA MCA S/D, RI S D S/D RI S/D, RI, PI* S D MDV TAV TAP S/D RI PI Umb A S/D, RI S D S/D RI S/D, RI, PI* S D MDV TAV TAP S/D RI PI *... 143... 37... 176... 170 168

Next MSK 105 MSK 138 136 1 Calcs More Controls 2 Right Hip Left Hip a Hip Angle Baseline b c Line A alpha alpha d alpha e Line B beta beta f beta 169

1 Calcs More Controls 2 Right Hip Left Hip a d:d Ratio d:d Fem H b c Baseline d 105 176 (mm) 5-7 a 163 b 37 c ML 170

5-7 CRL a BPD b M c c CBD a 163 b 37 c ML 171

5-7 / c /MSK TR VMAx IVC ONSD ONSD a 163 b 37 c ML 1 Acute Care More Controls 2 a 172

b c Next d (IVC) 153 (IVC) (Orb) (Oph) FDA 105 (TCD) (Orb) MCA Prox / ECICA TICA / ECICA / ECICA 173

5-8 MCA Dist MCA Mid MCA Prox Bifur ACA ACoA TICA PCAp1 PCAp2 PCoA OA * PSV EDV MDV PI RI S/D * PSV EDV MDV PI RI S/D ECICA * PSV EDV MDV PI RI S/D FM VA BA Dist BA Mid BA Prox ECVA * PSV EDV MDV PI RI S/D * TAM TAP 174

5-8 MCA Dist MCA Mid MCA Prox Bifur ACA ACoA TICA PCAp1 PCAp2 PCoA OA * PSV EDV MDV PI RI S/D * PSV EDV MDV PI RI S/D ECICA * PSV EDV MDV PI RI S/D FM VA BA Dist BA Mid BA Prox ECVA * PSV EDV MDV PI RI S/D * TAM TAP 175

(Orb) (Oph) FDA 1 Orbital Transcranial 27 2 Calcs More Controls 3 a b c... 176... 143... 163 181 (#) MSK 179 MSK 176

... 111 DICOM... 45... 104... 114... 170... 143... 163... 115 1 WORKSHEETS 2 Report Preview Summary Calculations Done 1 2 Calculations 3 Delete 1 WORKSHEETS 2 Save Image Save Images 177

ICA/CCA 1 2 Summary 3 Ratio ICA/CCA Twin A A Twin B B Compare 1 Anatomy Checklist 2 Fetal Lie Plac Location 0 I II III Gender Biophysical Profile NST LMP EDD 38 178

1 WORKSHEETS 2 Graphs 3 Graphs 4 Save 111 5 Print Page 6 Done MSK MSK MSK 1 WORKSHEETS 2 Acute Care Worksheets MSK Worksheets MSK 3 Done MSK 1 Other Indications MSK Indications 179

Views Other Views Findings Findings Other Findings Interpretation Interpretation Other Interpretations MSK Procedure Details and Conclusions Procedure Details and Conclusions Comments 2 Delete 3 Done 1 MORE System Settings 2 Presets Customize Worksheets 3 Acute Care Worksheets 4 5 Done 1 2 Print All Print Page 180

MSK 1 REVIEW 2 Patient List 3 4 Thumbnails 5 View Report 6 Next Prev 7 Done 12 20 1 MORE System Settings 2 Presets Customize Worksheets 3 Custom Worksheets 4 5 20 6 7 Save Changes Done 181

Save Image Save Image & Calcs 65 1 Review Prev Next 2 Calcs Acute Care 3 127 139 Calcs 170 4 Save Image Save Image & Calcs 182

6 6 10 10 183

6-1 2D 2D a b (cm) c d < ±2% 1% < ±2% 1% < ±2% 1% < ±4% + ( 2% ) * 100 + 0.5% < ±3% + ( 1.4%/ ) * 100 + 0.5% 0-26 cm 0-35 cm 0-44 cm 0.01-720 cm 2 0.01-96 cm a b 0.7 db/cm MHz RMI 413a c % = ((1 + ) * (1 + ) 1) * 100 + 0.5% d % = ( 2 ) * 100) + 0.5% 6-2 M M < +/- 2% 1% a b 0-26 cm < +/- 2% 1% c d 0.01-10 < +/- 2% + c * /100 % d 5-923 a b 0.7 db/cm MHz RMI 413a c d FUJIFILM SonoSite 184

6-3 a < +/- 2% 0.01-550 cm/ 1% b < +/- 2% 0.01kHz- 1% b 20.8kHz < +/- 2% 0.01-10 1% c a FUJIFILM SonoSite b c (AIUM) (ACC) cm/s 2 Zwiebel, W.J. Introduction to Vascular Ultrasonography. 4th ed., W.B. Saunders Company, (2000), p.52. ACC = / 185

(AT) msec Oh, J.K., J.B.Seward, A.J. Tajik. The Echo Manual. 3rd ed., Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins, (2007), p.147-148. a - b a = b = [a] > {b] (AVA) cm 2 Oh, J.K., J.B.Seward, A.J. Tajik. The Echo Manual. 3rd ed., Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins, (2007), p.73 and p.191-195. A 2 = A 1 * V 1 /V 2 A 2 = A o A 1 = LVOT V 1 = LVOT (VMax) LVOT VTI V 2 = A o (VMax) A o VTI LVOT = (BSA) m 2 Grossman, W. Cardiac Catheterization and Angiography. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, (1980), p.90. BSA = 0.007184 * 0.425 * 0.725 = = (CI) l/min/m 2 Oh, J.K., J.B. Seward, A.J. Tajik. The Echo Manual. 3rd ed., Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins, (2007), p.69-70. CI = CO/BSA CO = BSA = 186

(CO) l/min Oh, J.K., J.B. Seward, A.J. Tajik. The Echo Manual. 3rd ed., Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins, (2007), p.69-70. CO = (SV * HR)/1000 CO = SV = HR = (CSA) cm 2 Oh, J.K., J.B. Seward, A.J. Tajik. The Echo Manual. 3rd ed., Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins, (2007), p.70-71. CSA = 0.785 * D 2 D = msec Oh, J.K., J.B. Seward, A.J. Tajik. The Echo Manual. 3rd ed., Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins, (2007), p.73-74. a - b a = VMax b = VMax (dp:dt) mmhg/s Otto, C.M. Textbook of Clinical Echocardiography. 2nd ed., W.B. Saunders Company, (2000), p.117-118. 32 mmhg/ ( ) E:A cm/sec E:A = E/ A E/Ea Reynolds, Terry. The Echocardiographer's Pocket Reference. 2nd ed., School of Cardiac Ultrasound, Arizona Heart Institute, (2000), p.225. E /Ea E = E Ea = E E prime 187

(ERO) mm 2 Oh, J.K., J.B. Seward, A.J. Tajik. The Echo Manual. 3rd ed., Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins, (2007), p.73-76, 210. ERO = MV /MR Vel * 100 (EF) Oh, J.K., J.B. Seward, A.J. Tajik. The Echo Manual. 3rd ed., Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins, (2007), p.115-116. EF = ((LVEDV LVESV)/LVEDV) * 100% EF = LVEDV = LVESV = (ET) msec ET = FAC (LV) Dennis A.T. et al. "Haemodynamics in women with untreated pre-eclampsia." Anaesthesia, (2012), 67: p.1105-1118. LV FAC (%) = (LV EDA LV ESA) / LV EDA * 100 LV FAC = (%) LV EDA = (cm^2) LV ESA = (cm^2) FAC (RV) Lang R. et al. "Recommendations for Cardiac Chamber quantification by Echocardiography in Adults: An update from the American Society of Echocardiography and European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging." Journal of the American Society of Echocardiograph, January (2015), 28: p.1-39. RV FAC (%) = (RV EDA RV ESA) / RV EDA * 100 RV FAC = (%) RV EDA = (cm^2) RV ESA = (cm^2) (HR) bpm HR = M 188

(IVS) Laurenceau, J. L., M.C. Malergue. The Essentials of Echocardiography. Le Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, (1981), p.71. IVSFT = ((IVSS IVSD)/IVSD) * 100% IVSS = IVSD = (IVRT) msec Oh, J.K., J.B. Seward, A.J. Tajik. The Echo Manual. 3rd ed., Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins, (2007), p.123-124. a - b a = b = IVC Lyon M, Verma N. "Ultrasound guided volume assessment using inferior vena cava diameter." The Open Emergency Medicine Journal 2010; 3: p.22-24. (IVCd exp IVCd insp)/ivcd exp (exp) = (Max D) (insp) = (Min D) / (LA/Ao) Feigenbaum, H. Echocardiography. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, (1994), 206, Figure 4-49. Lopez L, et al. "Recommendations for quantification methods during the performance of a pediatric echocardiogram: A report from the pediatric measurements writing group of the American Society of Echocardiography pediatric and congenital heart disease council." Journal of the American Society of Echocardiograph 2010; 23: p.465-495. Lang R. et al. "Recommendations for Cardiac Chamber quantification by Echocardiography in Adults: An update from the American Society of Echocardiography and European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging." Journal of the American Society of Echocardiograph, January (2015), p.20-28. LA Vol = π/4(h) Σ(D1)(D2) 189

LA Vol = ml h = LA D1 = D2 = Lang R, Bierig M, Devereux R, et al. "Recommendations for chamber quantification: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography s guidelines and standards committee and the chamber quantification writing group, Developed in conjunction with the European Association of Echocardiography, a branch of the European Society of Cardiology." Journal of the American Society of Echocardiograph 2005; 18: p.1440-1463. (Teichholz) ml Teichholz, L.E., T. Kreulen, M.V. Herman, et al. "Problems in echocardiographic volume determinations: echocardiographic-angiographic correlations in the presence or absence of asynergy." American Journal of Cardiology, (1976), 37: p.7. LVESV = (7.0 * LVDS 3 )/(2.4 + LVDS) LVESV = LVDS = LVEDV = (7.0 * LVDD 3 )/(2.4 + LVDD) LVEDV = LVDD = gm Oh, J.K., J.B. Seward, A.J. Tajik. The Echo Manual. 3rd ed., Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins, (2007), p.113-114. LV = 1.05 * {[(5/6) * A1 * (a + d + t)] - [(5/6) * A2 * (a + d)]} 1.05 = A1 = A2 = a = d = t = 190

M gm Oh, J.K., J.B. Seward, A.J. Tajik. The Echo Manual. 3rd ed., Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins, (2007), p.113-114. LV = 1.04 [(LVID + PWT + IVST) 3 - LVID 3 ] * 0.8 + 0.6 LVID = PWT = IVST = 1.04 = 0.8 = ml Schiller, N.B., P.M. Shah, M. Crawford, et al. "Recommendations for Quantitation of the Left Ventricle by Two- Dimensional Echocardiography." Journal of American Society of Echocardiography. September-October 1989, 2: p.362. V = ml a i = i mm b i = i mm n = (n=20) L = i = ml Schiller, N.B., P.M. Shah, M. Crawford, et al. "Recommendations for Quantitation of the Left Ventricle by Two- Dimensional Echocardiography." Journal of American Society of Echocardiography. September-October 1989, 2: p.362. 191

V = a i = i mm n = (n=20) L = i = (LVD) Oh, J.K., J.B. Seward, A.J. Tajik. The Echo Manual. 3rd ed., Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins, (2007), p.115. LVDFS = ((LVDD - LVDS)/LVDD) * 100% LVDD = LVDS = Schiller, N.B., Shah, P.M., Crawford, M., et al. "Recommendations for Quantification of the Left Ventricle by Two-Dimensional Echocardiography." Journal of American Society of Echocardiography. September-October 1989, 2: p.364. =(( )/) * 100 (%) (LVPWFT) Laurenceau, J. L., M.C. Malergue. The Essentials of Echocardiography. Le Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, (1981), p.71. LVPWFT = ((LVPWS - LVPWD)/LVPWD) * 100% LVPWS = LVPWD = (Vmean) cm/s Vmean = (MVA) cm 2 Oh, J.K., J.B. Seward, A.J. Tajik. The Echo Manual. 3rd ed., Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins, (2007), p.73-74. MVA = 220/PHT PHT = 220 192

MV cc/sec Oh, J.K., J.B. Seward, A.J. Tajik. The Echo Manual. 3rd ed., Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins, (2007), p.74-76. = PISA * Va PISA = Va = (PG) mmhg Baumgartner, H., Hung, J., Bermejo, J., et al. "Echocardiographic Assessment of Valve Stenosis:EAE/ASE Recommendations for Clinical Practice". Journal of American Society of Echocardiography. January 2009, p. 4-5. PG = 4 * () 2 / E (E PG) E PG = 4 * PE 2 A (A PG) A PG = 4 * PA 2 (PGmax) PGMax = 4 * VMax 2 (PGMean) PGMean = (PHT) msec Oh, J.K., J.B. Seward, A.J. Tajik. The Echo Manual. 3rd ed., Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins, (2007), p.73-74. Reynolds, Terry. The Echocardiographer's Pocket Reference. 2nd ed., School of Cardiac Ultrasound, Arizona Heart Institute, (2000), p. 391. PHT = DT * 0.29 DT = 193

(PISA) cm 2 Oh, J.K., J.B. Seward, A.J. Tajik. The Echo Manual. 3rd ed., Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins, (2007), p.74-76. PISA = 2πr 2 r = Qp/Qs Oh, J.K., J.B. Seward, A.J. Tajik. The Echo Manual. 3rd ed., Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins, (2007), p.70-72. Qp/Qs = SV Qp site/sv Qs site = RVOT SV/LVOT SV RVOT SV = RVOT CSA x RVOT VTI = π/4 * RVOT 2 x RVOT VTI LVOT SV = LVOT CSA x LVOT VTI = π/4 x LVOT 2 x LVOT VTI (RF) Oh, J.K., J.B. Seward, A.J. Tajik. The Echo Manual. 3rd ed., Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins, (2007), p.73-75. RF = RV/MV SV RV = MV SV = CSA * VTI CSA = (RV) cc Oh, J.K., J.B. Seward, A.J. Tajik. The Echo Manual. 3rd ed., Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins, (2007), p.215-217. RV = ERO * MR VTI/100 Lang R, Bierig M, Devereux R, et al. "Recommendations for chamber quantification: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography s guidelines and standards committee and the chamber quantification writing group, Developed in conjunction with the European Association of Echocardiography, a branch of the European Society of Cardiology." Journal of the American Society of Echocardiograph 2005; 18: p.1440-1463. RA Vol = π/4(h) ΣD1 2 194

RA Vol = ml h = RA D1 = Wang Y, Gutman J, et al. "Atrial volume in a normal adult population by two-dimensional echocardiography." Chest. 1984; 86: p.595-601. RA Vol Index = RA Vol/BSA (ml/l2) (RVSP) mmhg Oh, J.K., J.B. Seward, A.J. Tajik. The Echo Manual. 3rd ed., Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins, (2007), p.66. RVSP = 4 * (VMax TR) 2 + RAP RAP = S/D Reynolds, Terry. The Echocardiographer's Pocket Reference. 2nd ed., School of Cardiac Ultrasound, Arizona Heart Institute, (2000), p.217. S /D S = S D = D (SI) cc/m 2 Mosby's Medical, Nursing, & Allied Health Dictionary, 4th ed., (1994), p.1492. SI = SV/BSA SV = BSA = (SV) ml Oh, J.K., J.B. Seward, A.J. Tajik. The Echo Manual. 3rd ed., Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins, (2007), p.69-71. SV = (CSA * VTI) 195

CSA = (LVOT ) VTI = M (SV) ml Oh, J.K., J.B. Seward, A.J. Tajik. The Echo Manual. 2nd ed., Boston: Little, Brown and Company, (1994), p.44. SV = (LVEDV - LVESV) SV = LVEDV = LVEDSV = TAPSE Rudski L, Lai W, et al. "Guidelines for the echocardiographic assessment of the right heart in adults: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography." Journal of the American Society of Echocardiograph 2010: p.685-713. M (TVA) Oh, J.K., J.B. Seward, A.J. Tajik. The Echo Manual. 3rd ed., Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins, (2007), p.73-74. TVA = 220/PHT (VTI) cm Reynolds, Terry. The Echocardiographer's Pocket Reference. 2nd ed., School of Cardiac Ultrasound, Arizona Heart Institute, (2000), p.383. VTI = cm Auto Measure VTI (cm) (AFI) Jeng, C. J., et al. "Amniotic Fluid Index Measurement with the Four Quadrant Technique During Pregnancy." The Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 35:7 (July 1990), p.674-677. (AUA) AUA ( ) 196

(AUA) (EDD) / / EDD = + (280 - AUA ) (LMP) (EDD) LMP / / EDD = LMP + 280 (EFW) Hadlock, F., et al. "Estimation of Fetal Weight with the Use of Head, Body, and Femur Measurements, A Prospective Study." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 151:3 (February 1, 1985), p.333-337. Hansmann, M., et al. Ultrasound Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynecology. New York: Springer-Verlag, (1986), p.154. Osaka University. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. (July 20, 1990), p.103-105. Shepard M.J., V. A. Richards, R. L. Berkowitz, et al. "An Evaluation of Two Equations for Predicting Fetal Weight by Ultrasound." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 142:1 (January 1, 1982), p.47-54. University of Tokyo, Shinozuka, N. FJSUM, et al. "Standard Values of Ultrasonographic Fetal Biometry." Japanese Journal of Medical Ultrasonics, 23:12 (1996), p. 880, Equation 1. (LMP) (GA) LMP GA(LMP) = - LMP (EDD) (LMPd) (GA) (EDD) (GA) LMP GA(LMPd) = - LMPd (EDD) (LMPd) / / LMPd(Estab.DD) = Estab.DD 280 197

(AC) Hadlock, F., et al. "Estimating Fetal Age: Computer-Assisted Analysis of Multiple Fetal Growth Parameters." Radiology, 152:(1984), p.497-501. Hansmann, M., et al. Ultrasound Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynecology. New York: Springer-Verlag, (1986), p.431. University of Tokyo, Shinozuka, N. FJSUM, et al. "Standard Values of Ultrasonographic Fetal Biometry." Japanese Journal of Medical Ultrasonics, 23:12 (1996), p.885. FUJIFILM SonoSite 20.0 cm 30.0 cm (AC) AC AC (BPD) Chitty, L. S. and D.G. Altman. "New charts for ultrasound dating of pregnancy." Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 10:(1997), p.174-179, Table 3. Hadlock, F., et al. "Estimating Fetal Age: Computer-Assisted Analysis of Multiple Fetal Growth Parameters." Radiology, 152:(1984), p.497-501. Hansmann, M., et al. Ultrasound Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynecology. New York: Springer-Verlag, (1986), p.440. Osaka University. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. (July 20, 1990), p.98. University of Tokyo, Shinozuka, N. FJSUM, et al. "Standard Values of Ultrasonographic Fetal Biometry." Japanese Journal of Medical Ultrasonics, 23:12 (1996), p.885. (CM) Mahony, B.; P. Callen, R. Filly, and W. Hoddick. "The fetal cisterna magna." Radiology, 153:(December 1984), p.773-776. (CRL) Hadlock, F., et al. "Fetal Crown-Rump Length: Re-evaluation of Relation to Menstrual Age (5-18 weeks) with High-Resolution, Real-Time Ultrasound." Radiology, 182:(February 1992), p.501-505. Hansmann, M., et al. Ultrasound Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynecology. New York: Springer-Verlag, (1986), p.439. Osaka University. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. (July 20, 1990), p.20 and p.96. Tokyo University. "Gestational Weeks and Computation Methods." Ultrasound Imaging Diagnostics, 12:1 (1982-1), p.24-25, Table 3. 198

(FL) Chitty, L. S. and D.G. Altman. "New charts for ultrasound dating of pregnancy." Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 10:(1997), p.174-179, Table 8, 186. Hadlock, F., et al. "Estimating Fetal Age: Computer-Assisted Analysis of Multiple Fetal Growth Parameters." Radiology, 152:(1984), p.497-501. Hansmann, M., et al. Ultrasound Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynecology. New York: Springer-Verlag, (1986), p.31. Osaka University. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. (July 20, 1990), p.01-102. University of Tokyo, Shinozuka, N. FJSUM, et al. "Standard Values of Ultrasonographic Fetal Biometry." Japanese Journal of Medical Ultrasonics, 23:12 (1996), p.886. (FTA) Osaka University. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. (July 20, 1990), p.99-100. (GS) Hansmann, M., et al. Ultrasound Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynecology. New York: Springer-Verlag, (1986). Nyberg, D.A., et al. "Transvaginal Ultrasound." Mosby Yearbook, (1992), p.76. Nyberg Tokyo University. "Gestational Weeks and Computation Methods." Ultrasound Imaging Diagnostics, 12:1 (1982-1). (HC) Chitty, L. S. and D.G. Altman. "New charts for ultrasound dating of pregnancy." Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 10:(1997), 174-191, Table 5, p.182. Hadlock, F., et al. "Estimating Fetal Age: Computer-Assisted Analysis of Multiple Fetal Growth Parameters." Radiology, 152:(1984), p.497-501. Hansmann, M., et al. Ultrasound Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynecology. New York:Springer-Verlag, (1986), p.431. (HL) Jeanty, P.; F. Rodesch; D. Delbeke; J. E. Dumont. "Estimate of Gestational Age from Measurements of Fetal Long Bones." Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine. 3:(February 1984), p.75-79 (OFD) Hansmann, M., et al. Ultrasound Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynecology. New York: Springer-Verlag, (1986), p.431. 199

Jeanty, P.; F. Rodesch; D. Delbeke; J. E. Dumont. "Estimate of Gestational Age from Measurements of Fetal Long Bones." Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine. 3:(February 1984), p.75-79. (TTD) Hansmann, M., et al. Ultrasound Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynecology. New York: Springer-Verlag, (1986), p.431. (AC) Chitty, Lyn S. et al. "Charts of Fetal Size:3.Abdominal Measurements." British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 101:(February 1994), p.131, Appendix: AC-Derived. Hadlock, F., et al. "Estimating Fetal Age: Computer-Assisted Analysis of Multiple Fetal Growth Parameters." Radiology, 152:(1984), p.497-501. Jeanty P., E. Cousaert, and F. Cantraine. "Normal Growth of the Abdominal Perimeter." American Journal of Perinatology, 1:(January 1984), p.129-135. ( Hansmann, Hackeloer, Staudach, Wittman. Ultrasound Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynecology. Springer-Verlag, New York, (1986), p.179, Table 7.13.) (BPD) Chitty, Lyn S. et al. "Charts of Fetal Size: 2. Head Measurements." British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 101:(January 1994), p.43, Appendix: BPD-Outer-Inner. Hadlock, F., et al. "Estimating Fetal Age: Computer-Assisted Analysis of Multiple Fetal Growth Parameters." Radiology, 152:(1984), p.497-501. Jeanty P., E. Cousaert, and F. Cantraine. "A Longitudinal Study of Fetal Limb Growth." American Journal of Perinatology, 1:(January 1984), p.136-144, Table 5. ( Hansmann, Hackeloer, Staudach, Wittman. Ultrasound Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynecology. Springer-Verlag, New York, (1986), p.176, Table 7.8.) (EFW) Brenner, William E.; D. A. Edelman; C. H. Hendricks. "A standard of fetal growth for the United States of America," American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 126:5 (November 1, 1976), p.555-564; Table II. Hadlock F., et al. "In Utero Analysis of Fetal Growth: A Sonographic Weight Standard." Radiology, 181:(1991), p.129-133. Jeanty, Philippe, F. Cantraine, R. Romero, E. Cousaert, and J. Hobbins. "A Longitudinal Study of Fetal Weight Growth." Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine, 3:(July 1984), p.321-328, Table 1. ( Hansmann, Hackeloer, Staudach, and Wittman. Ultrasound Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynecology. Springer-Verlag, New York, (1986), p.186, Table 7.20. 200

(FL) Chitty, Lyn S. et al. "Charts of Fetal Size: 4. Femur Length." British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 101:(February 1994), p.135. Hadlock, F., et al. "Estimating Fetal Age: Computer-Assisted Analysis of Multiple Fetal Growth Parameters." Radiology, 152:(1984), p.497-501. Jeanty P, E. Cousaert, and F. Cantraine. "A Longitudinal Study of Fetal Limb Growth." American Journal of Perinatology, 1:(January 1984), p.136-144, Table 5. ( Hansmann, Hackeloer, Staudach, Wittman. Ultrasound Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynecology. Springer-Verlag, New York, (1986), p.182, Table 7.17.) (HC) Chitty, Lyn S., et al. "Charts of Fetal Size: 2. Head Measurements." British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 101:(January 1994), p.43, Appendix: HC-Derived. Hadlock, F., et al. "Estimating Fetal Age: Computer-Assisted Analysis of Multiple Fetal Growth Parameters." Radiology, 152:(1984), p.497-501. Jeanty P, E. Cousaert, and F. Cantraine. "A longitudinal study of Fetal Head Biometry." American J of Perinatology, 1:(January 1984), p.118-128, Table 3. ( Hansmann, Hackeloer, Staudach, Wittman. Ultrasound Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynecology. Springer-Verlag, New York, (1986), p.176, Table 7.8.) (HC)/ (AC) Campbell S., Thoms Alison. "Ultrasound Measurements of the Fetal Head to Abdomen Circumference Ratio in the Assessment of Growth Retardation," British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 84:(March 1977), p.165-174. FL/AC Hadlock F.P., R. L. Deter, R. B. Harrist, E. Roecker, and S.K. Park. "A Date Independent Predictor of Intrauterine Growth Retardation: Femur Length/Abdominal Circumference Ratio," American Journal of Roentgenology, 141:(November 1983), p.979-984. FL/BPD Hohler, C.W., and T.A. Quetel. "Comparison of Ultrasound Femur Length and Biparietal Diameter in Late Pregnancy," American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 141:7 (Dec. 1 1981), p.759-762. FL/HC Hadlock F.P., R. B. Harrist, Y. Shah, and S. K. Park. "The Femur Length/Head Circumference Relation in Obstetric Sonography." Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine, 3:(October 1984), p.439-442. 201

HC/AC Campbell S., Thoms Alison. "Ultrasound Measurements of the Fetal Head to Abdomen Circumference Ratio in the Assessment of Growth Retardation," British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 84:(March 1977), p.165-174. +/x S/D +/x = ( A/ B) A = + B = x (ACC) Zwiebel, W.J. Introduction to Vascular Ultrasonography, 4th ed., W.B.Saunders Company, (2000), p.52. ACC = / (ET) ET = /d:d Graf, R. "Fundamentals of Sonographic Diagnosis of Infant Hip Dysplasia." Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics, Vol. 4, No. 6: p.735-740, 1984. Morin, C., Harcke, H., MacEwen, G. "The Infant Hip: Real-Time US Assessment of Acetabular Development." Radiology 177: p.673-677, December 1985. Taylor K.J.W., P.N.Burns, P. Breslau. Clinical Applications of Doppler Ultrasound, Raven Press, N.Y., (1988), p.130-136. Zwiebel W.J., J.A. Zagzebski, A.B. Crummy, et al. "Correlation of peak Doppler frequency with lumen narrowing in carotid stenosis." Stroke, 3:(1982), p.386-391. = (1 - A2 (cm 2 )/A1 (cm 2 )) * 100 A1 = A2 = 202

Handa, Nobuo et al., "Echo-Doppler Velocimeter in the Diagnosis of Hypertensive Patients: The Renal Artery Doppler Technique," Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology, 12:12 (1986), p.945-952. = (1 - D2(cm)/D1(cm)) * 100 D1 = D2 = (PG) mmhg Oh, J.K., J.B. Seward, A.J. Tajik. The Echo Manual. 2nd ed., Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins, (1999), p.64. PG = 4 * () 2 / E (E PG) E PG = 4 * PE 2 A (A PG) A PG = 4 * PA 2 (PGmax) PGMax = 4 * VMax 2 (PGMean) PGMean = 4 * VMax 2 (PI) Kurtz, A.B., W.D. Middleton. Ultrasound-the Requisites. Mosby Year Book, Inc., (1996), p.469. PI = (PSV - EDV)/V PSV = EDV = V = Auto Measure () TAP () Zwiebel, W. J. Introduction to Vascular Ultrasonography, 6th Edition, W.B.Saunders Company, 2012. PI = (PSV - MDV) / V () 203

PSV = MDV = V = TAP () (RI) Kurtz, A.B., W.D. Middleton. Ultrasound-the Requisites. Mosby Year Book, Inc., (1996), p.467. RI = (( A - B)/ A) A = + B = x (TAM) cm/s TAM = (TAP) cm/s TAP = (Vol) Beyer, W.H. Standard Mathematical Tables, 28th ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, (1987), p.131. Dicuio, M., et al. "Measurements of urinary bladder volume: comparison of five ultrasound calculation methods in volunteers." Arch. Ital. Urol Androl,(2005) Mar:77(1): p.60-2. (VF) ml/m Allan, Paul L. et al. Clinical Doppler Ultrasound, 4th ed., Harcourt Publishers Limited.(2000), p.36-38. VF = CSA * TAM * 60 VF = CSA * TAP * 60 VF = CSA * TAV * 60 Raine-Fenning, N. et al. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology (2008), Volume 31, Issue 6, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., p.691 696. Balen, A.H., Laven, J.S., Tan, S.L, Dewailly, D. "Ultrasound assessment of the polycystic ovary: international consensus definitions." Human Reproduction Update, (2003), Vol.9, No.6, p. 505-514. 204

Wiener, J. J. and Newcombe, R. G. "Measurements of uterine volume: a comparison between measurements by ultrasonography and by water displacement." J. Clin. Ultrasound, (1992) 20 (7), p.457 460. 205

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9 9 1,2,3 (MSD) MSD MSD MSD 1. Magnavita, N., L. Bevilacqua, P. Mirk, A. Fileni, and N. Castellino. "Work-related Musculoskeletal Complaints in Sonologists." Occupational Environmental Medicine. 41:11 (1999), p. 981-988. 2. Craig, M. "Sonography: An Occupational Hazard?" Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography. 3 (1985), p.121-125. 3. Smith, C.S., G.W. Wolf, G. Y. Xie, and M. D. Smith. "Musculoskeletal Pain in Cardiac Ultrasonographers: Results of a Random Survey." Journal of American Society of Echocardiography. (May1997), p. 357-362. 229

MSD MSD 1 MSD 2,3 1. Wihlidal, L.M. and S. Kumar. "An Injury Profile of Practicing Diagnostic Medical Sonographers in Alberta." International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics.19 (1997), p.205-216. 2. Habes, D.J. and S. Baron. "Health Hazard Report 99-0093-2749." University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey. (1999). 3. Vanderpool, H.E., E.A. Friis, B.S.Smith, and K.L. Harms. "Prevalence of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Other Work-related Musculoskeletal Problems in Cardiac Sonographers." Journal of Medicine. 35:6 (1993), p. 605-610. 230

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EMC 9-7 EMC IEC 60601-1-2:2007 CISPR 11:2009 Medical Electrical Equipment. General Requirements for Basic Safety and Essential Performance-Collateral Standard. Electromagnetic Compatibility. Requirements and Tests. - Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) Radio-Frequency Equipment Electromagnetic Disturbance Characteristics-Limits and Methods of Measurement. (ISM) - 1 A DICOM NEMA PS 3.15: 2000, Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM)-Part 15: Security Profiles NEMA PS3.15 2000 (DICOM) - 15 DICOM X-Porte DICOM www.sonosite.com HIPAA HIPAA The Health Insurance and Portability and Accountability Act, Pub.L. No. 104-191 (1996). 1996 104-19145 CFR 160, General Administrative Requirements 45 CFR 164, Security and Privacy 254

10 10 ALARA ALARA ALARA ALARA ALARA ALARA 2D CPD Color THI 2D ALARA ALARA 255

263 3 ALARA (ISPTA) 720 mw/cm 2 (MI) (TI) 1.0 ISPTA 50 mw/cm 2 TI 1.0 MI 0.23 MI TI ALARA MI TI BS EN 60601-2-37:2001 Annex HH HH MI TI 257 MI TI Kremkau, Frederick W. Diagnostic Ultrasound: Principles and Instruments. 7th ed., W.B. Saunders Company, (Oct. 17, 2005). 256

減小 MI 和 TI 的準則 以下是降低 MI 或 TI 的一般準則 如果有提供多個參數 同時儘量調低參數便可獲得最佳結果 在某些 模式下 變更這些參數不會影響 MI 或 TI 變更其他參數也可能降低 MI 和 TI 請注意熒幕上的 MI 和 TI 值 有關視覺呈現 請參閱第 11 頁的 臨床監視器 註 要瞭解關於降低 TEExp 轉換器的 MI 或 TI 的資訊 請參閱隨 TEExp 轉換器提供的 TEExp 轉換器使用者手冊 表 10-1 降低 MI 機械指數 的準則 轉換器 深度 C11xp C35xp C60xp HFL38xp HFL50xp HSL25xp ICTxp L25xp L38xp 降低參數設定 以減少 MI 調高參數設定 以減低 MI 減小 MI 和 TI 的準則 257

表 10-1 降低 MI 機械指數 的準則 續 轉換器 深度 P10xp P21xp 降低參數設定 以減少 MI 調高參數設定 以減低 MI 表 10-2 降低熱指數 軟組織熱指數 (TIS) 顱骨熱指數 (TIC) 骨骼熱指數 (TIB) 的準則 彩色能量都卜勒 設定 轉換器 掃描寬度 掃描高度 掃描深度 PRF 深度 最佳化 深度 C11xp 深度 C35xp 深度 C60xp 深度 HFL38xp 深度 HFL50xp 深度 降低參數設定 以減低 TI 調高參數設定 以減低 TI 258 減小 MI 和 TI 的準則

表 10-2 降低熱指數 軟組織熱指數 (TIS) 顱骨熱指數 (TIC) 骨骼熱指數 (TIB) 的準則 續 彩色能量都卜勒 設定 轉換器 掃描寬度 掃描高度 掃描深度 PRF 深度 最佳化 深度 HSL25xp 深度 ICTxp 深度 L25xp 深度 L38xp 深度 P10xp 深度 P21xp (PRF) 降低參數設定 以減低 TI 調高參數設定 以減低 TI 減小 MI 和 TI 的準則 259

MI TI AIUM 262 TI MI 1.0 10-3 TI MI 1.0 2D/ M / C11xp MI - TIC TIB TIS - C35xp MI - TIC TIB TIS - C60xp MI - TIC TIB TIS - D2xp MI - - - TIC TIB TIS - - - HFL38xp MI - TIC TIB TIS - HFL50xp MI - TIC TIB TIS - HSL25xp MI - TIC TIB TIS - MI 1.0 0.1 MI TI 0.1 TI TI TI ALARA TI FUJIFILM SonoSite AIUM TI 262 260

10-3 TI MI 1.0 2D/ M / ICTxp MI - TIC TIB TIS - L25xp MI - TIC TIB TIS - L38xp MI - TIC TIB TIS - P10xp MI TIC TIB TIS P21xp MI TIC TIB TIS MI 1.0 0.1 MI TI 0.1 TI TI TI ALARA TI FUJIFILM SonoSite AIUM TI 262 TEExp P11x TEExp MI 95% 95% MI MI +18% -25% +0.2 TI 95% 95% TI TI +21% -40% +0.2 +1dB 3dB MI TI 0.0 0.05 261

322 MI TI Information for Manufacturers Seeking Marketing Clearance of Diagnostic Ultrasound Systems and Transducers, FDA, 2008. Medical Ultrasound Safety, American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (AIUM), 2014. Acoustic Output Measurement Standard for Diagnostic Ultrasound Equipment, NEMA UD2-2004 NEMA Acoustic Output Measurement and Labeling Standard for Diagnostic Ultrasound Equipment, American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, 1993. Standard for Real-Time Display of Thermal and Mechanical Acoustic Output Indices on Diagnostic Ultrasound Equipment, NEMA UD3-2004 NEMA Guidance on the interpretation of TI and MI to be used to inform the operator, Annex HH, BS EN 60601-2-37 reprinted at P05699. 262

(23 C ± 3 C) EN 60601-2-37 10-4 C D2xp C11xp C35xp C60xp HFL38xp HFL50xp HSL25xp L25xp L38xp P10xp P21xp 8.8 13.5 13.4 14.8 10.4 11.1 13.8 12.8 12.9 15.4 14.7 3.5 ( 10 C) 8.2( 10 C) 9.1( 10 C) 9.5( 10 C) 7.0( 10 C) 9.0( 10 C) 7.9( 10 C) 8.6( 10 C) 9.0( 10 C) 9.2( 10 C) 9.5( 10 C) 10-5 ( C) ICTxp 8.9 4.7 (<6 C) TEExp TEExp TEExp (bioeffects) 1987 10 AIUM (Bioeffects Considerations for the Safety of Diagnostic Ultrasound, J Ultrasound Med., Sept. 1988:Vol. 7, No. 9 Supplement) Stowe (Stowe Report) 1993 1 28 (Bioeffects and Safety of Diagnostic Ultrasound) Acoustic Output Measurement Standard for Diagnostic Ultrasound Equipment (NEMA UD2-2004) Standard for Real-Time Display of Thermal and Mechanical Acoustic Output Indices on Diagnostic Ultrasound Equipment (NEMA UDe3-2004) 263

= [e -(0.23alf ) ] = = e = 2.7183 a = (db/cm MHz) = 0.53 = 0.66 = 0.79 = 0.43 = 0.55 l = f = / / MHz 0.3 = [e -(0.069lf ) ] 264

0.3 db/cm MHz 3 cm 1dB/cmMHz 1990 MI 0.1 1.0 MI 2.0 2D M Mode M MI 1988 1990 1 4 C 1.5 C 7 C ISPTA 500 mw/cm 2 Bioeffects and Safety of Diagnostic Ultrasound (AIUM, 1993) 4.3.2.1-4.3.2.6 265

TI MI 1.0 323 TEExp TEExp TEExp D2xp... 268 C11xpM... 269 C35xp... 271 C35xpM... 272 C35xp... 273 C60xp... 274 C60xpM... 275 C60xp/CPD... 276 C60xp... 277 HFL38xp... 278 HFL38xpM... 279 HFL38xp /... 280 HFL38xp... 281 HFL50xp... 282 HFL50xpM... 283 HFL50xp /... 284 HFL50xp... 285 HSL25xp... 286 HSL25xpM... 287 HSL25xp/CPD... 288 HSL25xp... 289 HSL25xp... 290 HSL25xp M... 291 HSL25xp /CPD... 292 HSL25xp... 293 ICTxpM... 294 ICTxp... 295 L25xp... 296 L25xpM... 297 L25xp /... 298 L25xp... 299 L25xp... 300 L25xp M... 301 L25xp /CPD... 302 266

L25xp... 303 L38xp... 304 L38xpM... 305 L38xp /... 306 L38xp... 307 P10xp... 308 P10xpM... 309 P10xp/CPD... 310 P10xp... 311 P10xp... 312 P21xp... 313 P21xp... 314 P21xp M... 315 P21xpM... 316 P21xp /CPD... 317 P21xp /... 318 P21xp... 319 P21xp... 321... 322 267

10-6 D2xp M.I. TIS A aprt 1 A aprt >1 TIB (a) (a) 3.2 (b) p r.3 (MPa) # W 0 (mw) # 90.4 # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) z 1 (cm) z bp (cm) z sp (cm) 2.40 z@pll.3max # d eq (z sp ) (cm) 0.46 f c (MHz) # # 2.00 # A aprt X (cm) # 0.80 # Y (cm) # 0.40 # PD (μsec) # PRF (Hz) # p r @PII max (MPa) # d eq @Pll max (cm) 0.46 FL x (cm) # # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) # 1 2 3 4 FL y (cm) # # (a) <1 (b) # - / TIC 268

10-7 C11xpM TIS TIB M.I. A aprt 1 A aprt >1 1.0 (a) - - - (b) p r.3 (MPa) 1.03 W 0 (mw) # - - # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) - z 1 (cm) - z bp (cm) - z sp (cm) - z@pll.3max (cm) 0.05 d eq (z sp ) (cm) - f c (MHz) 6.22 # - - - # A aprt X (cm) # - - - # Y (cm) # - - - # PD (μsec) 1.205 PRF (Hz) 800 p r @PII max (MPa) 1.06 d eq @Pll max (cm) - FL x (cm) # - - # FL y (cm) # - - # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 46 1 Ven 2 3 4.0 cm 4 PRF (a) <1 (b) # - / TIC 269

10-8 C11xp TIS TIB M.I. A aprt 1 A aprt >1 TIC 1.0 - - (a) 1.3 (a) p r.3 (MPa) 1.96 W 0 (mw) - - 15.3 # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) # z 1 (cm) # z bp (cm) # z sp (cm) 1.20 z@pll.3max (cm) 1.7 d eq (z sp ) (cm) 0.20 f c (MHz) 4.07 - - # 4.00 # A aprt X (cm) - - # 0.48 # Y (cm) - - # 0.50 # PD (μsec) 1.136 PRF (Hz) 1562 p r @PII max (MPa) 2.49 d eq @Pll max (cm) 0.20 FL x (cm) - - # # FL y (cm) - - # # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 184 1 2 1 mm 12 mm 3 3 (22 mm) 2 (15 mm) 4 PRF 1563 Hz 10417 Hz (a) <1 (b) # - / 270

10-9 C35xp TIS TIB M.I. A aprt 1 A aprt >1 TIC 1.3 (a) - - - (b) p r.3 (MPa) 2.38 W 0 (mw) # - - # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) - z 1 (cm) - z bp (cm) - z sp (cm) - z@pll.3max (cm) 2.6 d eq (z sp ) (cm) - f c (MHz) 3.42 # - - - # A aprt X (cm) # - - - # Y (cm) # - - - # PD (μsec) 1.020 PRF (Hz) 506 p r @PII max (MPa) 3.23 d eq @Pll max (cm) - FL x (cm) # - - # FL y (cm) # - - # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 296 1 Msk 2 3 4 / (MB/THI) Res 6.0 cm / 5 (a) <1 (b) # - / 271

10-10 C35xpM TIS TIB M.I. A aprt 1 A aprt >1 1.5-1.1-1.7 (b) p r.3 (MPa) 2.38 W 0 (mw) - 48.0 31.4 # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) - z 1 (cm) - z bp (cm) - z sp (cm) 1.48 z@pll.3max (cm) 1.6 d eq (z sp ) (cm) 0.29 f c (MHz) 3.49-4.61-3.49 # A aprt X (cm) - 1.54-0.58 # Y (cm) - 0.80-0.80 # PD (μsec) 0.686 PRF (Hz) 800 p r @PII max (MPa) 3.43 d eq @Pll max (cm) 0.28 FL x (cm) - 4.25 - # FL y (cm) - 5.00 - # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 317 1 2 Res Res 3 3.0 cm 7.0 cm 3.0 cm 4 THI (a) <1 (b) # - / TIC 272

10-11 C35xp TIS TIB M.I. A aprt 1 A aprt >1 TIC 1.0 - - (a) 1.9 (b) p r.3 (MPa) 1.91 W 0 (mw) - - 44.4 # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) # z 1 (cm) # z bp (cm) # z sp (cm) 2.34 z@pll.3max (cm) 0.4 d eq (z sp ) (cm) 0.28 f c (MHz) 3.71 - - # 3.69 # A aprt X (cm) - - # 0.64 # Y (cm) - - # 0.80 # PD (μsec) 1.209 PRF (Hz) 1562 p r @PII max (MPa) 2.01 d eq @Pll max (cm) 0.27 FL x (cm) - - # # FL y (cm) - - # # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 141 1 2 1 mm 10 mm 3 0 (5 mm) 3 (23 mm) 4 PRF 1562 Hz 1562 Hz (a) <1 (b) # - / 273

10-12 C60xp TIS TIB M.I. A aprt 1 A aprt >1 TIC 1.4 (a) - - - (b) p r.3 (MPa) 2.17 W 0 (mw) # - - # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) - z 1 (cm) - z bp (cm) - z sp (cm) - z@pll.3max (cm) 4.3 d eq (z sp ) (cm) - f c (MHz) 2.37 # - - - # A aprt X (cm) # - - - # Y (cm) # - - - # PD (μsec) 1.101 PRF (Hz) 839 p r @PII max (MPa) 3.09 d eq @Pll max (cm) - FL x (cm) # - - # FL y (cm) # - - # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 516 1 Msk 2 3 4 / (MB/THI) 9.9 cm / 5 (a) <1 (b) # - / 274

10-13 C60xpM TIS TIB M.I. A aprt 1 A aprt >1 1.5 - (a) - 1.7 (b) p r.3 (MPa) 2.48 W 0 (mw) - # 55.0 # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) - z 1 (cm) - z bp (cm) - z sp (cm) 4.90 z@pll.3max (cm) 4.2 d eq (z sp ) (cm) 0.34 f c (MHz) 2.73 - # - 2.16 # A aprt X (cm) - # - 1.87 # Y (cm) - # - 1.30 # PD (μsec) 0.534 PRF (Hz) 800 p r @PII max (MPa) 3.70 d eq @Pll max (cm) 0.33 FL x (cm) - # - # FL y (cm) - # - # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 392 1 2 Pen 3 7.7 cm 11 cm 4 THI (a) <1 (b) # - / TIC 275

10-14 C60xp/CPD TIS TIB M.I. A aprt 1 A aprt >1 TIC 1.2 1.0 - - - (b) p r.3 (MPa) 1.99 W 0 (mw) 81.3 - - # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) - z 1 (cm) - z bp (cm) - z sp (cm) - z@pll.3max (cm) 4.4 d eq (z sp ) (cm) - f c (MHz) 2.63 2.63 - - - # A aprt X (cm) 0.81 - - - # Y (cm) 1.3 - - - # PD (μsec) 1.415 PRF (Hz) 2645 p r @PII max (MPa) 2.96 d eq @Pll max (cm) - FL x (cm) 2.71 - - # FL y (cm) 6.5 - - # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 346 1 OB 2 3 2D / (THI)/ 4/ 5 / / / 11 cm / 3049 Hz / / / 6.0 cm / 414 Hz / (a) <1 (b) # - / 276

10-15 C60xp TIS TIB M.I. A aprt 1 A aprt >1 1.5 - - 1.1 3.2 (b) p r.3 (MPa) 2.44 W 0 (mw) - - 66.9 # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) 84.1 z 1 (cm) 3.9 z bp (cm) 3.8 z sp (cm) 0.40 z@pll.3max (cm) 1.9 d eq (z sp ) (cm) 0.45 f c (MHz) 2.64 - - 2.67 2.67 # A aprt X (cm) - - 3.98 0.31 # Y (cm) - - 1.30 1.30 # PD (μsec) 1.233 PRF (Hz) 1302 p r @PII max (MPa) 2.89 d eq @Pll max (cm) 0.45 FL x (cm) - - 15.90 # FL y (cm) - - 6.50 # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 239 1 OB OB OB 2 1 mm 12 mm 12 mm 3 2 10 0 4 PRF 1302 Hz 1302 Hz 2604 Hz (a) <1 (b) # - / TIC 277

10-16 HFL38xp TIS TIB M.I. A aprt 1 A aprt >1 1.1 (a) - - - (b) p r.3 (MPa) 1.17 W 0 (mw) # - - # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) - z 1 (cm) - z bp (cm) - z sp (cm) - z@pll.3max (cm) 0.4 d eq (z sp ) (cm) - f c (MHz) 7.22 # - - - # A aprt X (cm) # - - - # Y (cm) # - - - # PD (μsec) 0.194 PRF (Hz) 7977 p r @PII max (MPa) 2.16 d eq @Pll max (cm) - FL x (cm) # - - # FL y (cm) # - - # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 62 1 Ven 2 3 Res 3.5 cm 4 Needle Profiling (a) <1 (b) # - / TIC 278

10-17 HFL38xpM TIS TIB M.I. A aprt 1 A aprt >1 TIC 1.2 - (a) - (a) (b) p r.3 (MPa) 1.58 W 0 (mw) - # # # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) - z 1 (cm) - z bp (cm) - z sp (cm) # z@pll.3max (cm) 0.4 d eq (z sp ) (cm) # f c (MHz) 7.22 - # - # # A aprt X (cm) - # - # # Y (cm) - # - # # PD (μsec) 0.200 PRF (Hz) 800 p r @PII max (MPa) 2.82 d eq @Pll max (cm) # FL x (cm) - # - # FL y (cm) - # - # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 121 1 2 3 1.9 cm (a) <1 (b) # - / 279

10-18 HFL38xp / TIS TIB M.I. A aprt 1 A aprt >1 TIC 1.0 (a) - - - (b) p r.3 (MPa) 1.08 W 0 (mw) # - - # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) - z 1 (cm) - z bp (cm) - z sp (cm) - z@pll.3max (cm) 0.4 d eq (z sp ) (cm) - f c (MHz) 7.22 # - - - # A aprt X (cm) # - - - # Y (cm) # - - - # PD (μsec) 0.193 PRF (Hz) 6640 p r @PII max (MPa) 1.97 d eq @Pll max (cm) - FL x (cm) # - - # FL y (cm) # - - # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 51 1 2 3 2D / 4/ / 4.0 cm / 7812 Hz 5 / / (a) <1 (b) # - / 280

10-19 HFL38xp TIS TIB M.I. A aprt 1 A aprt >1 (a) - 1.1-1.7 (b) p r.3 (MPa) # W 0 (mw) - 38.5 29.2 # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) - z 1 (cm) - - z bp (cm) - - z sp (cm) 1.00 z@pll.3max (cm) # d eq (z sp ) (cm) 0.25 f c (MHz) # - 6.00-5.98 # A aprt X (cm) - 1.20-0.80 # Y (cm) - 0.40-0.40 # PD (μsec) # PRF (Hz) # p r @PII max (MPa) # d eq @Pll max (cm) 0.20 FL x (cm) - 4.68 - # FL y (cm) - 2.50 - # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) # 1 2 5 mm 1 mm 3 11 8 4 PRF 1562 Hz 2604 Hz (a) <1 (b) # - / TIC 281

10-20 HFL50xp TIS TIB M.I. A aprt 1 A aprt >1 1.1 (a) - - - (b) p r.3 (MPa) 2.61 W 0 (mw) # - - # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) - z 1 (cm) - z bp (cm) - z sp (cm) - z@pll.3max (cm) 1.3 d eq (z sp ) (cm) - f c (MHz) 5.30 # - - - # A aprt X (cm) # - - - # Y (cm) # - - - # PD (μsec) 0.493 PRF (Hz) 1084 p r @PII max (MPa) 3.31 d eq @Pll max (cm) - FL x (cm) # - - # FL y (cm) # - - # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 427 1 2 Res 3 4.8 cm 4 MB / 5 Needle Profiling (a) <1 (b) # - / TIC 282

10-21 HFL50xpM TIS TIB M.I. A aprt 1 A aprt >1 TIC 1.2 - (a) - (a) (b) p r.3 (MPa) 3.40 W 0 (mw) - # # # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) - z 1 (cm) - z bp (cm) - z sp (cm) # z@pll.3max (cm) 1.1 d eq (z sp ) (cm) # f c (MHz) 7.82 - # - # # A aprt X (cm) - # - # # Y (cm) - # - # # PD (μsec) 0.230 PRF (Hz) 800 p r @PII max (MPa) 4.51 d eq @Pll max (cm) # FL x (cm) - # - # FL y (cm) - # - # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 401 1 Bre 2 3 1.9 cm (a) <1 (b) # - / 283

10-22 HFL50xp / TIS TIB M.I. A aprt 1 A aprt >1 TIC 1.1 (a) - - - (b) p r.3 (MPa) 2.62 W 0 (mw) # - - # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) - z 1 (cm) - z bp (cm) - z sp (cm) - z@pll.3max (cm) 1.2 d eq (z sp ) (cm) - f c (MHz) 5.93 # - - - # A aprt X (cm) # - - - # Y (cm) # - - - # PD (μsec) 0.629 PRF (Hz) 6649 p r @PII max (MPa) 3.35 d eq @Pll max (cm) - FL x (cm) # - - # FL y (cm) # - - # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 398 1 2 CVD 3 2D / 4/ 5 / / 4.0 cm / 7812 Hz / (a) <1 (b) # - / 284

10-23 HFL50xp TIS TIB M.I. A aprt 1 A aprt >1 (a) - 1.1-1.7 (b) p r.3 (MPa) # W 0 (mw) - 38.5 29.2 # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) - z 1 (cm) - z bp (cm) - z sp (cm) 1.00 z@pll.3max (cm) # d eq (z sp ) (cm) 0.25 f c (MHz) # - 6.00-5.98 # A aprt X (cm) - 1.20-0.80 # Y (cm) - 0.40-0.40 # PD (μsec) # PRF (Hz) # p r @PII max (MPa) # d eq @Pll max (cm) 0.20 FL x (cm) - 4.68 - # FL y (cm) - 2.50 - # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) # 1 2 6 mm 1 mm 3 11 8 4 PRF 1562 Hz 2604 Hz (a) <1 (b) # - / TIC 285

10-24 HSL25xp TIS TIB M.I. A aprt 1 A aprt >1 1.0 (a) - - - (b) p r.3 (MPa) 2.42 W 0 (mw) # - - # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) - z 1 (cm) - z bp (cm) - z sp (cm) - z@pll.3max (cm) 0.9 d eq (z sp ) (cm) - f c (MHz) 6.08 # - - - # A aprt X (cm) # - - - # Y (cm) # - - - # PD (μsec) 0.606 PRF (Hz) 783 p r @PII max (MPa) 2.92 d eq @Pll max (cm) - FL x (cm) # - - # FL y (cm) # - - # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 328 1 Ven 2 3 4 MB Res 2.4 cm 5 Needle Profiling (a) <1 (b) # - / TIC 286

10-25 HSL25xpM TIS TIB M.I. A aprt 1 A aprt >1 TIC 1.2 - (a) - (a) (b) p r.3 (MPa) 3.17 W 0 (mw) - # # # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) - z 1 (cm) - z bp (cm) - z sp (cm) # z@pll.3max (cm) 1.0 d eq (z sp ) (cm) # f c (MHz) 6.81 - # - # # A aprt X (cm) - # - # # Y (cm) - # - # # PD (μsec) 0.192 PRF (Hz) 800 p r @PII max (MPa) 3.98 d eq @Pll max (cm) # FL x (cm) - # - # FL y (cm) - # - # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 408 1 Ven 2 3 3.1 cm (a) <1 (b) # - / 287

10-26 HSL25xp/CPD TIS TIB M.I. A aprt 1 A aprt >1 TIC 1.1 (a) - - - (b) p r.3 (MPa) 2.81 W 0 (mw) # - - # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) - z 1 (cm) - z bp (cm) - z sp (cm) - z@pll.3max (cm) 1.0 d eq (z sp ) (cm) - f c (MHz) 7.08 # - - - # A aprt X (cm) # - - - # Y (cm) # - - - # PD (μsec) 0.178 PRF (Hz) 1717 p r @PII max (MPa) 3.60 d eq @Pll max (cm) - FL x (cm) # - - # FL y (cm) # - - # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 321 1 Msk 2 3/ 4/ CPD / 2.0 cm / 312 Hz 5 / / (a) <1 (b) # - / 288

10-27 HSL25xp TIS TIB M.I. TIC A aprt 1 A aprt >1 (a) - (a) - 1.2 (b) p r.3 (MPa) # W 0 (mw) - # 15.6 # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) - z 1 (cm) - z bp (cm) - z sp (cm) 1.40 z@pll.3max (cm) # d eq (z sp ) (cm) 0.17 f c (MHz) # - # - 6.00 # A aprt X (cm) - # - 0.60 # Y (cm) - # - 0.30 # PD (μsec) # PRF (Hz) # p r @PII max (MPa) # d eq @Pll max (cm) 0.16 FL x (cm) - # - # FL y (cm) - # - # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) # 1 Ven 2 7mm 3 6 4 PRF 2604 Hz (a) <1 (b) # - / 289

10-28 HSL25xp TIS TIB M.I. A aprt 1 A aprt >1 0.17 0.03 - - - (b) p r.3 (MPa) 0.45 W 0 (mw) 0.8 - - # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) - z 1 (cm) - z bp (cm) - z sp (cm) - z@pll.3max (cm) 2.3 d eq (z sp ) (cm) - f c (MHz) 6.85 7.15 - - - # A aprt X (cm) 1.12 - - - # Y (cm) 0.30 - - - # PD (μsec) 0.183 PRF (Hz) 10710 p r @PII max (MPa) 0.78 d eq @Pll max (cm) - FL x (cm) 3.80 - - # FL y (cm) 2.70 - - # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 11 1 2 3 4.9 cm 6.0 cm 4 MB (a) <1 (b) # - / TIC 290

10-29 HSL25xp M TIS TIB M.I. A aprt 1 A aprt >1 0.17-0.02-0.02 (b) p r.3 (MPa) 0.47 W 0 (mw) - 0.5 0.3 # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) - z 1 (cm) - z bp (cm) - z sp (cm) 0.95 z@pll.3max (cm) 1.8 d eq (z sp ) (cm) 0.13 f c (MHz) 7.57-7.64-7.44 # A aprt X (cm) - 0.60-0.40 # Y (cm) - 0.30-0.30 # PD (μsec) 0.181 PRF (Hz) 800 p r @PII max (MPa) 0.75 d eq @Pll max (cm) 0.12 FL x (cm) - 1.95 - # FL y (cm) - 2.70 - # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 12 1 2 3 2.7 cm 4.5 cm 3.5 cm (a) <1 (b) # - / TIC 291

10-30 HSL25xp /CPD TIS TIB M.I. A aprt 1 A aprt >1 TIC 0.17 0.08 - - - (b) p r.3 (MPa) 0.47 W 0 (mw) 2.6 - - # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) - z 1 (cm) - z bp (cm) - z sp (cm) - z@pll.3max (cm) 1.9 d eq (z sp ) (cm) - f c (MHz) 7.77 6.10 - - - # A aprt X (cm) 1.00 - - - # Y (cm) 0.30 - - - # PD (μsec) 0.164 PRF (Hz) 2424 p r @PII max (MPa) 0.78 d eq @Pll max (cm) - FL x (cm) 4.34 - - # FL y (cm) 2.70 - - # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 18 1 2 CPD CPD 3 2D / 4/ 5 / / 4.2 cm / 1250 Hz / / 4.9 cm / 781 Hz / (a) <1 (b) # - / 292

10-31 HSL25xp TIS TIB M.I. A aprt 1 A aprt >1 0.17-0.19-0.26 (b) p r.3 (MPa) 0.42 W 0 (mw) - 6.8 6.8 # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) - z 1 (cm) - z bp (cm) - z sp (cm) 0.90 z@pll.3max (cm) 0.8 d eq (z sp ) (cm) 0.40 f c (MHz) 6.00-6.01-6.01 # A aprt X (cm) - 1.20-1.20 # Y (cm) - 0.30-0.30 # PD (μsec) 2.586 PRF (Hz) 1562 p r @PII max (MPa) 0.50 d eq @Pll max (cm) 0.34 FL x (cm) - 4.68 - # FL y (cm) - 2.70 - # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 6 1 2 2mm 3mm 3mm 3 2 11 11 4 PRF 1562 Hz 5208 Hz 5208 Hz (a) <1 (b) # - / TIC 293

10-32 ICTxpM TIS TIB M.I. A aprt 1 A aprt >1 TIC 1.1 - (a) - (a) (b) p r.3 (MPa) 2.46 W 0 (mw) - # # # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) - z 1 (cm) - z bp (cm) - z sp (cm) # z@pll.3max (cm) 1.4 d eq (z sp ) (cm) # f c (MHz) 4.64 - # - # # A aprt X (cm) - # - # # Y (cm) - # - # # PD (μsec) 0.322 PRF (Hz) 1600 p r @PII max (MPa) 3.07 d eq @Pll max (cm) # FL x (cm) - # - # FL y (cm) - # - # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 347 1 Gyn 2 3 4.1 cm 4 THI (a) <1 (b) # - / 294

10-33 ICTxp TIS TIB M.I. A aprt 1 A aprt >1 1.0 - (a) - 1.4 (b) p r.3 (MPa) 2.01 W 0 (mw) - # 19.8 # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) - z 1 (cm) - z bp (cm) - z sp (cm) 1.66 z@pll.3max (cm) 1.4 d eq (z sp ) (cm) 0.20 f c (MHz) 4.38 - # - 4.36 # A aprt X (cm) - # - 0.72 # Y (cm) - # - 0.50 # PD (μsec) 1.144 PRF (Hz) 1302 p r @PII max (MPa) 2.49 d eq @Pll max (cm) 0.19 FL x (cm) - # - # FL y (cm) - # - # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 263 1 OB OB 2 1 mm 12 mm 3 2 3 4 PRF 1302 Hz 1562 Hz (a) <1 (b) # - / TIC 295

10-34 L25xp TIS TIB M.I. A aprt 1 A aprt >1 1.0 (a) - - - (b) p r.3 (MPa) 2.42 W 0 (mw) # - - # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) - z 1 (cm) - z bp (cm) - z sp (cm) - z@pll.3max (cm) 0.9 d eq (z sp ) (cm) - f c (MHz) 6.08 # - - - # A aprt X (cm) # - - - # Y (cm) # - - - # PD (μsec) 0.606 PRF (Hz) 783 p r @PII max (MPa) 2.92 d eq @Pll max (cm) - FL x (cm) # - - # FL y (cm) # - - # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 328 1 Ven 2 3 4 MB Res 2.4 cm 5 Needle Profiling (a) <1 (b) # - / TIC 296

10-35 L25xpM TIS TIB M.I. A aprt 1 A aprt >1 TIC 1.2 - (a) - (a) (b) p r.3 (MPa) 3.17 W 0 (mw) - # # # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) - z 1 (cm) - z bp (cm) - z sp (cm) # z@pll.3max (cm) 1.0 d eq (z sp ) (cm) # f c (MHz) 6.81 - # - # # A aprt X (cm) - # - # # Y (cm) - # - # # PD (μsec) 0.192 PRF (Hz) 800 p r @PII max (MPa) 3.98 d eq @Pll max (cm) # FL x (cm) - # - # FL y (cm) - # - # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 408 1 Ven 2 3 3.1 cm (a) <1 (b) # - / 297

10-36 L25xp / TIS TIB M.I. A aprt 1 A aprt >1 TIC 1.1 (a) - - - (b) p r.3 (MPa) 2.81 W 0 (mw) # - - # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) - z 1 (cm) - z bp (cm) - z sp (cm) - z@pll.3max (cm) 1.0 d eq (z sp ) (cm) - f c (MHz) 7.08 # - - - # A aprt X (cm) # - - - # Y (cm) # - - - # PD (μsec) 0.178 PRF (Hz) 1717 p r @PII max (MPa) 3.60 d eq @Pll max (cm) - FL x (cm) # - - # FL y (cm) # - - # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 321 1 Msk 2 3 2D / 4/ 5 / CPD / 2.0 cm / 312 Hz / (a) <1 (b) # - / 298

10-37 L25xp TIS TIB M.I. A aprt 1 A aprt >1 (a) - (a) - 1.2 (b) p r.3 (MPa) # W 0 (mw) - # 15.6 # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) - z 1 (cm) - z bp (cm) - z sp (cm) 1.40 z@pll.3max (cm) # d eq (z sp ) (cm) 0.17 f c (MHz) # - # - 6.00 # A aprt X (cm) - # - 0.60 # Y (cm) - # - 0.30 # PD (μsec) # PRF (Hz) # p r @PII max (MPa) # d eq @Pll max (cm) 0.16 FL x (cm) - # - # FL y (cm) - # - # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) # 1 Ven 2 7mm 3 6 4 PRF 2604 Hz (a) <1 (b) # - / TIC 299

10-38 L25xp TIS TIB M.I. A aprt 1 A aprt >1 0.17 0.03 - - - (b) p r.3 (MPa) 0.45 W 0 (mw) 0.8 - - # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) - z 1 (cm) - z bp (cm) - z sp (cm) - z@pll.3max (cm) 2.3 d eq (z sp ) (cm) - f c (MHz) 6.85 7.15 - - - # A aprt X (cm) 1.12 - - - # Y (cm) 0.30 - - - # PD (μsec) 0.183 PRF (Hz) 10710 p r @PII max (MPa) 0.78 d eq @Pll max (cm) - FL x (cm) 3.80 - - # FL y (cm) 2.70 - - # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 11 1 2 3 4.9 cm 6.0 cm 4 MB (a) <1 (b) # - / TIC 300

10-39 L25xp M TIS TIB M.I. A aprt 1 A aprt >1 0.17-0.02-0.02 (b) p r.3 (MPa) 0.47 W 0 (mw) - 0.5 0.3 # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) - z 1 (cm) - z bp (cm) - z sp (cm) 0.95 z@pll.3max (cm) 1.8 d eq (z sp ) (cm) 0.13 f c (MHz) 7.57-7.64-7.44 # A aprt X (cm) - 0.60-0.40 # Y (cm) - 0.30-0.30 # PD (μsec) 0.181 PRF (Hz) 800 p r @PII max (MPa) 0.75 d eq @Pll max (cm) 0.12 FL x (cm) - 1.95 - # FL y (cm) - 2.70 - # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 12 1 2 3 2.7 cm 4.5 cm 3.5 cm (a) <1 (b) # - / TIC 301

10-40 L25xp /CPD TIS TIB M.I. A aprt 1 A aprt >1 0.17 0.08 - - - (b) p r.3 (MPa) 0.47 W 0 (mw) 2.6 - - # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) - z 1 (cm) - z bp (cm) - z sp (cm) - z@pll.3max (cm) 1.9 d eq (z sp ) (cm) - f c (MHz) 7.77 6.10 - - - # A aprt X (cm) 1.00 - - - # Y (cm) 0.30 - - - # PD (μsec) 0.164 PRF (Hz) 2424 p r @PII max (MPa) 0.78 d eq @Pll max (cm) - FL x (cm) 4.34 - - # FL y (cm) 2.70 - - # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 18 1 2 CPD CPD 3 2D / 4 / 5 / / 4.2 cm / 1250 Hz / / 4.9 cm / 781 Hz / (a) <1 (b) # - / TIC 302

10-41 L25xp TIS TIB M.I. A aprt 1 A aprt >1 0.17-0.19-0.26 (b) p r.3 (MPa) 0.42 W 0 (mw) - 6.8 6.8 # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) - z 1 (cm) - z bp (cm) - z sp (cm) 0.90 z@pll.3max (cm) 0.8 d eq (z sp ) (cm) 0.40 f c (MHz) 6.00-6.01-6.01 # A aprt X (cm) - 1.20-1.20 # Y (cm) - 0.30-0.30 # PD (μsec) 2.586 PRF (Hz) 1562 p r @PII max (MPa) 0.50 d eq @Pll max (cm) 0.34 FL x (cm) - 4.68 - # FL y (cm) - 2.70 - # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 6 1 2 2mm 3mm 3mm 3 2 11 11 4 PRF 1562 Hz 5208 Hz 5208 Hz (a) <1 (b) # - / TIC 303

10-42 L38xp TIS TIB M.I. A aprt 1 A aprt >1 TIC 1.5 (a) - - - (b) p r.3 (MPa) 3.32 W 0 (mw) # - - # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) - z 1 (cm) - z bp (cm) - z sp (cm) - z@pll.3max (cm) 1.1 d eq (z sp ) (cm) - f c (MHz) 4.83 # - - - # A aprt X (cm) # - - - # Y (cm) # - - - # PD (μsec) 0.426 PRF (Hz) 790 p r @PII max (MPa) 4.02 d eq @Pll max (cm) - FL x (cm) # - - # FL y (cm) # - - # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 622 1 Ven 2 3 4 MB 3.5 cm / 5 Needle Profiling (a) <1 (b) # - / 304

10-43 L38xpM TIS TIB M.I. A aprt 1 A aprt >1 TIC 1.5-1.5-2.0 (b) p r.3 (MPa) 3.37 W 0 (mw) - 66.8 66.8 # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) - z 1 (cm) - z bp (cm) - z sp (cm) 1.0 z@pll.3max (cm) 1.2 d eq (z sp ) (cm) 0.62 f c (MHz) 5.22-4.40-4.40 # A aprt X (cm) - 2.40-2.40 # Y (cm) - 0.40-0.40 # PD (μsec) 0.277 PRF (Hz) 800 p r @PII max (MPa) 4.18 d eq @Pll max (cm) 0.62 FL x (cm) - 7.02 - # FL y (cm) - 1.50 - # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 538 1 Ven Ven Ven 2 Pen Pen Pen 3 4.0 cm 9.0 cm 9.0 cm (a) <1 (b) # - / 305

10-44 L38xp / TIS TIB M.I. A aprt 1 A aprt >1 TIC 1.5 (a) - - - (b) p r.3 (MPa) 3.20 W 0 (mw) # - - # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) - z 1 (cm) - z bp (cm) - z sp (cm) - z@pll.3max (cm) 1.1 d eq (z sp ) (cm) - f c (MHz) 4.63 # - - - # A aprt X (cm) # - - - # Y (cm) # - - - # PD (μsec) 0.578 PRF (Hz) 5064 p r @PII max (MPa) 3.78 d eq @Pll max (cm) - FL x (cm) # - - # FL y (cm) # - - # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 678 1 Ven 2 3 2D / 4/ / 3.5 cm / 6250 Hz 5 / / (a) <1 (b) # - / 306

10-45 L38xp TIS TIB M.I. A aprt 1 A aprt >1 1.0-2.0-2.9 (b) p r.3 (MPa) 2.21 W 0 (mw) - 80.5 80.5 # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) - z 1 (cm) - z bp (cm) - z sp (cm) 1.00 z@pll.3max (cm) 0.3 d eq (z sp ) (cm) 0.43 f c (MHz) 5.28-5.33-5.33 # A aprt X (cm) - 1.80-1.80 # Y (cm) - 0.40-0.40 # PD (μsec) 1.201 PRF (Hz) 1562 p r @PII max (MPa) 2.33 d eq @Pll max (cm) 0.40 FL x (cm) - 7.02 - # FL y (cm) - 1.5 - # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 210 1 2 1 mm 3 mm 3 mm 3 0 11 11 4 PRF 1562 Hz 1562 Hz 1562 Hz (a) <1 (b) # - / TIC 307

10-46 P10xp TIS TIB M.I. A aprt 1 A aprt >1 1.4 (a) - - - 1.0 p r.3 (MPa) 3.13 W 0 (mw) # - - 37.1 [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) - z 1 (cm) - z bp (cm) - z sp (cm) - z@pll.3max (cm) 1.0 d eq (z sp ) (cm) - f c (MHz) 4.71 # - - - 4.47 A aprt X (cm) # - - - 0.64 Y (cm) # - - - 0.70 PD (μsec) 0.340 PRF (Hz) 2500 p r @PII max (MPa) 3.67 d eq @Pll max (cm) - FL x (cm) # - - 2.19 FL y (cm) # - - 5.00 I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 420 1 2 3 3.0 cm 4.0 cm 4 N/A (a) <1 (b) # - / TIC 308

10-47 P10xpM TIS TIB M.I. A aprt 1 A aprt >1 1.5 - (a) - 1.1 (a) p r.3 (MPa) 3.21 W 0 (mw) - # 27.4 # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) - z 1 (cm) - z bp (cm) - z sp (cm) 2.40 z@pll.3max (cm) 2.0 d eq (z sp ) (cm) 0.28 f c (MHz) 4.47 - # - 5.70 # A aprt X (cm) - # - 0.90 # Y (cm) - # - 0.70 # PD (μsec) 0.317 PRF (Hz) 800 p r @PII max (MPa) 4.40 d eq @Pll max (cm) 0.27 FL x (cm) - # - # FL y (cm) - # - # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 593 1 2 Res 3 4.0 cm 4.0 cm (a) <1 (b) # - / TIC 309

10-48 P10xp/CPD TIS TIB M.I. A aprt 1 A aprt >1 (a) (a) - - - 1.3 p r.3 (MPa) # W 0 (mw) # - - 32.7 [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) - z 1 (cm) - z bp (cm) - z sp (cm) - z@pll.3max (cm) # d eq (z sp ) (cm) - f c (MHz) # # - - - 4.08 A aprt X (cm) # - - - 0.26 Y (cm) # - - - 0.70 PD (μsec) # PRF (Hz) # p r @PII max (MPa) # d eq @Pll max (cm) - FL x (cm) # - - 0.94 FL y (cm) # - - 5.00 I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) # 1 2 3 2D / 4/ 5 / TIC / 2.0 cm / 521 Hz / (a) <1 (b) # - / 310

10-49 P10xp TIS TIB M.I. A aprt 1 A aprt >1 1.1-1.1-2.0 1.6 p r.3 (MPa) 2.24 W 0 (mw) - 34.3 32.4 24.6 [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) - z 1 (cm) - z bp (cm) - z sp (cm) 0.82 z@pll.3max (cm) 0.8 d eq (z sp ) (cm) 0.29 f c (MHz) 4.03-6.85-4.00 4.00 A aprt X (cm) - 1.02-0.42 0.16 Y (cm) - 0.70-0.70 0.70 PD (μsec) 1.11 PRF (Hz) 1562 p r @PII max (MPa) 2.50 d eq @Pll max (cm) 0.26 FL x (cm) - 3.97-0.52 FL y (cm) - 5.00-5.00 I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 209 1 2 1 mm 5 mm 7 mm 6 mm 3 2 (15 mm) 5 (40 mm) 2 (15 mm) TIC 0 (5 mm) 4 PRF 1563 Hz 1008 Hz 1563 Hz 1953 Hz 5 TDI (a) <1 (b) # - / 311

10-50 P10xp TIS TIB M.I. A aprt 1 A aprt >1 (a) - (a) - 2.4 1.5 p r.3 (MPa) # W 0 (mw) - # 34.3 37.4 [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) - z 1 (cm) - z bp (cm) - z sp (cm) 0.50 z@pll.3max (cm) # d eq (z sp ) (cm) 0.28 f c (MHz) # - # - 4.00 4.00 A aprt X (cm) - # - 0.42 0.45 Y (cm) - # - 0.70 0.70 PD (μsec) # PRF (Hz) # p r @PII max (MPa) # d eq @Pll max (cm) 0.28 FL x (cm) - # - 1.54 FL y (cm) - # - 5.00 I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) # 1 2 1 (9 mm) (a) <1 (b) # - / TIC 2 (15 mm) 312

10-51 P21xp TIS TIB M.I. A aprt 1 A aprt >1 0.19 0.04 - - - (b) p r.3 (MPa) 0.28 W 0 (mw) 3.9 - - # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) - z 1 (cm) - z bp (cm) - z sp (cm) - z@pll.3max (cm) 3.8 d eq (z sp ) (cm) - f c (MHz) 2.18 2.19 - - - # A aprt X (cm) 2.10 - - - # Y (cm) 1.30 - - - # PD (μsec) 0.555 PRF (Hz) 5000 p r @PII max (MPa) 0.37 d eq @Pll max (cm) - FL x (cm) 16.8 - - # FL y (cm) 9.00 - - # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 4.67 1 2 3 5.0 cm 27 cm (a) <1 (b) # - / TIC 313

10-52 P21xp TIS TIB M.I. A aprt 1 A aprt >1 TIC 1.5 (a) - - - 2.0 p r.3 (MPa) 2.02 W 0 (mw) # - - 146.2 [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) - z 1 (cm) - z bp (cm) - z sp (cm) - z@pll.3max (cm) 4.1 d eq (z sp ) (cm) - f c (MHz) 1.85 # - - - 2.09 A aprt X (cm) # - - - 2.10 Y (cm) # - - - 1.30 PD (μsec) 1.134 PRF (Hz) 2933 p r @PII max (MPa) 2.63 d eq @Pll max (cm) - FL x (cm) # - - 18.94 FL y (cm) # - - 9.00 I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 240 1 2 Pen 3 9.0 cm 35 cm 4 / / / (MB/THI) 5 (a) <1 (b) # - / 314

10-53 P21xp M TIS TIB M.I. A aprt 1 A aprt >1 0.19 - - 0.02 0.03 (b) p r.3 (MPa) 0.28 W 0 (mw) - - 2.59 # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) 1.5 z 1 (cm) 3.5 z bp (cm) 2.8 z sp (cm) 4.3 z@pll.3max (cm) 3.8 d eq (z sp ) (cm) 0.89 f c (MHz) 2.18 - - 2.19 2.19 # A aprt X (cm) - - 2.10 2.10 # Y (cm) - - 1.30 1.30 # PD (μsec) 0.555 PRF (Hz) 800 p r @PII max (MPa) 0.37 d eq @Pll max (cm) 0.597 FL x (cm) - - 16.77 # FL y (cm) - - 9.00 # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 4.67 1 2 3 5.0 cm 27 cm 27 cm (a) <1 (b) # - / TIC 315

10-54 P21xpM TIS TIB M.I. A aprt 1 A aprt >1 TIC 1.5 - (a) - 1.9 1.9 p r.3 (MPa) 2.02 W 0 (mw) - # 61.1 133.3 [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) - z 1 (cm) - z bp (cm) - z sp (cm) 5.00 z@pll.3max (cm) 4.1 d eq (z sp ) (cm) 0.36 f c (MHz) 1.85 - # - 1.99 2.26 A aprt X (cm) - # - 2.10 0.79 Y (cm) # - - 1.30 1.30 PD (μsec) 1.134 PRF (Hz) 800 p r @PII max (MPa) 2.63 d eq @Pll max (cm) 0.35 FL x (cm) - # - 2.25 FL y (cm) - # - 9.00 I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 240 1 OB 2 Pen 3 9.0 cm 11 cm 5.0 cm 4 THI 5 (a) <1 (b) # - / 316

10-55 P21xp /CPD TIS TIB M.I. A aprt 1 A aprt >1 TIC 0.19 0.05 - - - (b) p r.3 (MPa) 0.27 W 0 (mw) 5.03 - - # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) - z 1 (cm) - z bp (cm) - z sp (cm) - z@pll.3max (cm) 1.39 d eq (z sp ) (cm) - f c (MHz) 2.09 2.03 - - - # A aprt X (cm) 2.10 - - - # Y (cm) 1.30 - - - # PD (μsec) 1.540 PRF (Hz) 5179 p r @PII max (MPa) 0.30 d eq @Pll max (cm) - FL x (cm) 11.51 - - # FL y (cm) 9.00 - - # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 2.40 1 2 3 2D / 4/ 5 / / 5 cm / 1096 Hz / / 15 cm / 1453 Hz / (a) <1 (b) # - / 317

10-56 P21xp / TIS TIB M.I. A aprt 1 A aprt >1 TIC 1.5 2.4 - - 2.8 p r.3 (MPa) 2.02 W 0 (mw) 141.3 - - 150.9 [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) - z 1 (cm) - z bp (cm) - z sp (cm) - z@pll.3max (cm) 4.1 d eq (z sp ) (cm) - f c (MHz) 1.85 2.03 - - - 2.03 A aprt X (cm) 0.33 - - - 0.33 Y (cm) 1.30 - - - 1.30 PD (μsec) 1.134 PRF (Hz) 800 p r @PII max (MPa) 2.63 d eq @Pll max (cm) - FL x (cm) 1.30 - - 1.30 FL y (cm) 9.0 - - 9.0 I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 240 1 2 3 2D / (THI)/ 4/ 5 / / / 9.0 cm / 880 Hz / - / / 5.0 cm / 2500 Hz / (a) <1 (b) # - / / / 5.0 cm / 2500 Hz / 318

10-57 P21xp TIS TIB M.I. A aprt 1 A aprt >1 TIC 1.5 - - 1.3 3.7 2.8 p r.3 (MPa) 2.15 W 0 (mw) - - 204.3 82.3 [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) 126.9 z 1 (cm) 3.1 z bp (cm) 2.8 z sp (cm) 3.90 z@pll.3max (cm) 1.4 d eq (z sp ) (cm) 0.71 f c (MHz) 2.07 - - 2.09 2.09 2.08 A aprt X (cm) - - 2.10 2.10 0.33 Y (cm) - - 1.30 1.30 1.30 PD (μsec) 1.195 PRF (Hz) 1562 p r @PII max (MPa) 2.37 d eq @Pll max (cm) 0.49 FL x (cm) - - 14.01 1.30 FL y (cm) - - 9.0 9.0 I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 184 1 2 0 mm 14 mm 14 mm 7 mm 3 1 8 8 0 4 PRF 1562 Hz 1562 Hz 1562 Hz 1953 Hz 5 TDI - - - (a) <1 (b) # - / 319

10-58 P21xp TIS TIB M.I. A aprt 1 A aprt >1 TIC 0.20 - - 0.22 0.53 (b) p r.3 (MPa) 0.29 W 0 (mw) - - 35.9 # [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) 21.7 z 1 (cm) 3.5 z bp (cm) 2.8 z sp (cm) 4.30 z@pll.3max (cm) 3.9 d eq (z sp ) (cm) 0.83 f c (MHz) 2.09 - - 2.09 2.09 # A aprt X (cm) - - 2.10 2.10 # Y (cm) - - 1.30 1.30 # PD (μsec) 6.09 PRF (Hz) 1562 p r @PII max (MPa) 0.383 d eq @Pll max (cm) 0.78 FL x (cm) - - 27.30 # FL y (cm) - - 9.00 # I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) 3.25 1 2 5 mm 9 mm 9 mm 3 9 (16.8 cm) 13 13 (27.3 cm) (27.3 cm) 4 PRF 1562 Hz 1562 Hz 1562 Hz (a) <1 (b) # - / 320

10-59 P21xp TIS TIB M.I. A aprt 1 A aprt >1 (a) - 1.1-4.0 2.6 p r.3 (MPa) # W 0 (mw) - 113.2 110.9 113.2 [W.3 (z 1 ),I TA.3 (z 1 )] (mw) - z 1 (cm) - z bp (cm) - z sp (cm) 1.25 z@pll.3max (cm) # d eq (z sp ) (cm) 0.52 f c (MHz) # - 2.0-2.00 2.00 A aprt X (cm) - 0.72-0.85 0.72 Y (cm) - 1.30-1.30 1.30 PD (μsec) # PRF (Hz) # p r @PII max (MPa) # d eq @Pll max (cm) 0.47 FL x (cm) - 1.30-1.30 FL y (cm) - 9.0-9.0 I PA.3 @MI max (W/cm 2 ) # 1 2 0 1 0 (a) <1 (b) # - / TIC 321

Output Display Standard 6.4 10-60 % 95% Pr 1.9% ±11.2% Pr.3 1.9% ±12.2% Wo 3.4% ±10% fc 0.1% ±4.7% PII 3.2% +12.5-16.8% PII.3 3.2% +13.47-17.5% 322

A aprt d eq (z) z ( 4 ( π) )(( Wo) ( ITA( z) )) I TA (z) z d eq @PII max A aprt fc FL I pa.3 @ MImax I SPTA.3 I SPTA.3 z 1 MI PD P r.3 p r @PII max PRF TI TI TIB TIC TIS W 3 (z 1 ) Wo (x) (y) (x) (y) MI / / z 1 / MI MI MI TIB TIS TIS z 1 TIS 323

z 1 z bp z sp min(w.3 (z 1 ), I TA.3 (z) x 1 cm 2 )] z zbp 1.69 (A apr t ) p r.3 z sp = z b.3 324

Recommended Ultrasound Terminology, Third Edition 2011 American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (AIUM) in situ MI/TI SonoMB (ALARA) (skinline) (phased array transducer) (bone thermal index, TIB) (TDI) (THI) (MI) (TI) Color Doppler / C (60) rc60xi L (38) L38xi rp19x 1538.5 / 325

(soft tissue thermal index, TIS) (TI) (MI) (cranial bone thermal index, TIC) 1 C TI 10 MI MI 10 11-1 A A PG A2Cd A2Cs A4Cd A4Cs AAA AAo abs AC ACA A A 2 2 4 4 326

11-1 ACC ACoA ACS Adur AFI AI AI PHT AL Ann D ANT F ANT N Ao AoD Apical APTD AT AUA AV AV AVA BA Bifur BP BPD A AUA OB 327

11-1 BPM Bre BSA CCA CI CM CO CPD CRL CVD CW CxLen D D Apical DCCA DECA DICA Dist dp:dt E E PG E:A E/e' (Delta Pressure:Delta Time) E E E:A E = E e' 328

11-1 ECA ECG ECICA ECVA EDD EDD by AUA EDD by LMP EDV EF EF:SLOPE EFW Endo Epi EPSS Estab.DD ET FAC FH FHR FL FM E-F EFW EFW E LMPd SO 329

11-1 FS FTA GA GA by LMP GA by LMPd Gate GS Gyn HC HL HR ICA IMT IVC IVRT IVS IVSd IVSFT IVSs LA LA/Ao LAT F LAT N Lat V (LMP) / 330

11-1 LMP LMP LMPd LV LV LV LV Volume LVd LVD LVDd LVDFS LVDs LVEDV LVESV LVET LVO LVOT LVOT Area LVOT D LVOT VTI LVPW LVPWd LVPWFT LVPWs 331

11-1 LVs MB MCA MCCA MECA MI MICA Mid MM MR PISA MR/VTI Msk MV MV MV Regurgitant Fraction MV Regurgitant Volume MV/VTI MVA MV ERO MV PISA MV Rate Neo NST NTSC SonoMB M / / 332

11-1 OA OB OFD Orb PAL PCAp PCCA PCoA PECA PGMax PGMean PGr PHT PI PICA PISA Plaq POST F POST N PRF Prox PSV PV P. Vein 333

11-1 PW Qp/Qs RA RI RVD RVDd RVDs RVOT D RVOT VTI RVSP RVW RVWd RVWs S' S/D SI SM SO Sup SV TAM TAP TAPSE TDI / M 334

11-1 TAV TCD TDI THI TI TICA TO TRMax TT TTD TV TVA UA Umb A VA VArty Vas Ven VF VMax VMean Vol VTI YS OB 335

336

P14671-03 *P14671-03*