1957, 19621968-1971 1978 1993 () Wang 1957, 1962
1957 Syracuse Zonation of Vegetation on Taiwan 1 forest Alpine tundra 1 zonation of vegetation Hardwood forest zone Conifer forest zone ( %) 90 760 1,000 56 tropical lower slopes 1,500 2,000 2,300 subtropical upper 31 slopes 2,900 3,000 3,300 temperate lower 11 slopes frigid upper slopes Juniper scrub zone bare rocky summit zone 2,900 3,500 3,300 3,900 0.04 3,900 0.01 Wang 1957, 1962 1968-71 vegetation communities of Taiwan formation type formation Clements 2 3
3 2. arctic tundra alpine tundra 3,931 3,797 3,775 3,500 3,950 3,884 3,833 3,600 4 8 7.2 2-0.9 2,891 12 4 70 20 1. 3,000 10 4 3,500 3,800 717 12 16 35-65 100 20-27 26-80 1. 2. 3. 4. 2,500 300,000 2,500
1. 2. 3. 1,200 12.8 10.7 14.3 17.78 5.46 6.4 2,951 4,293 80 22 faciation 1. 2. 1,800 700 2,100 900 12.8-19.2 15.9-26.4 6.4-14.7 2,500-5,000 80% 30
1. 1,600 2. 3. 4. 5. 800-2,000 6. 1,750-2,250 7. 700-1,300 8. 2,800 9. 10. 11. 1,600 1,800 12. 1,800 13. 1,600 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 900 700 25-26 2,000-4,000 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
mangrove strand forest tidal vegetation 1. (1) (2) (3) 2. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) tropical savanna formation 2,000 5-6 80% 6-7 1968-1971 1978 1984 5 6 8 Su 1984 3,600 fire-adapted vegetation 1978 6 12 vegetation type 4 7 4 3,200 3,400 2,800-3,700 2,800 2,000-3,000
2,000-3,000 2,000-3,000 1,600-2,400 1,700-2,300 1,200-2,500 500-2,100 500 700 1978
5 Su 1984
altitudinal zone Alpine Subalpine 6 vegetation zone e quivalen a lt.m t m wi t climate Alpine vegetation 3,600 5 12 subarctic Abies zone 3,100-3,600 5-8 12-36 Upper montance Tsuga-Picea zone 2,500-3,100 8-11 36-72 Quercus (upper) zone Montane 2,000-2,500 Quercus (lower) zone 1,500-2,000 Machilus-Castanopsis Submontane zone 11-14 14-17 72-108 108-144 500-1,500 17-23 144-216 coldtemperat e cooltemperat e temperat e warmtemperat e subtropic al Foothill Ficus-Machilus zone 500 23 216 tropical Su 1984
7 alpine vegetation formation type timber line 3,200 2,800 7-1 conifer- hardwood scrub forest fomation type 3,000 5 10 3,500 50-70% 7 2,800-3,700 cushion 2,800-3,700 subclimax 3,000
forest fomation type 2,000-3,000 5-10 3,000-3,500 2,000-3,000 2,500 2,500 2,800 2,500 2,500 7 forest fomation type 700-3,200 2,000 2,000 2,000 50% 2,800 2,800 2,800
1,600-2,400 10-20 2,900-4,200 quasiclimax 1,700-2,300 7 forest fomation type 1,200-2,500 700 ecotone
subtropical rain forest evergreen broad-leaved forest laurisilvae 500-2,100 family dominance Lauro-Fagaceae association 500-1,200 500 700 21-24 18 1,000-2,000 2,000-3,000 4,000 secondary forest 7 forest fomation tropical rain forest type type 1978
8alpine subarcticvegetation cold-temperate Abies zonecool-temperatetsuga-picea zone 3,600 3,952 3,858 3,740 3,805 3,884 Tm 5 WI 12 3,100-3,600 Tm 5-8 WI12-36 30 4 2,500 3,100 Tm 8-11 WI 36-72 8 Quercus zone Castanopsis zone 1,500-2,500 Tm 11-17 WI 72-144 quasiclimax Liu, T. 1975 Machilus- 500-1,500 Tm17-23 WI144-216
F WI216 9 icus- Machilus zone Castanopsis 500 Tm23 Ficus Su 1984 () 1993 9 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 7. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 1993 () 1993 10 11 11 10 () 1. (1) (1) (2) (3) 2. (4) (5) (6)
(1) (2) (3) (4) 3. (5) () () () (6) (7) (8) (9) (1) 4. (2) (1) (2) (3) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (1) (2) (3) (4) 10 () () () (1) (2) 1. (3) (4) (5) (1) (2) 2. (3) (4) (1) (2) (3) (4) (1) (2) (3)
() () () () () () (1) (2) (1) (2) (3) (4) (1) (2) (3) (1) (2) (3) (1) (2) (1) (2) (3) (4) () (1) () (1) () () () () (1) (2) (1) (1) (1) 10 () () () () (1) (1) (1) (1) () (1) () () () (1) 1. (2) (1) (2) 2. (3) (4) 3. (1) (1) (2) (3) (4) (1) (2) (1) (2)
() () (1) (2) (3) (4) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (1) (2) (3) (4) 1. () 2. 1. () 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1993 11 evergreen broad-leaved forest
25-40 15-18 15-19 0 800-1,800-2,000 8 24-27 2,000 80% 11 15.2 16.2 17.4 20.1 22.3 24.8 27.1 26.7 25.4 21.8 19.0 15.9 20.9 176 93 105 98 196 297 177 335 568 877 321 162 2,352m 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.9 0.9 0.8 3,045 1.0 / 14.6 15.1 17.2 19.1 21.1 21.8 22.4 23.3 22.4 20.6 18.7 15.9 19.3 35 51 85 168 421 597 430 359 155 39 28 59 800m 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.4 2,427 1.4 /
800 20-30 30 2-4 2 9 (1) (4) (2) (3) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) monsoon rainforest 11 900 20-22 1 15-16 7 17-28 10 7,000-7,500 1,700-2,000 80% ph 5-6
5-6 2-3 1-2 1 4 1. 2. 3. 4. mountain rainforest 600-900 3,900-4,000 17.6-18.3 11.7 12.0 14.1 17.3 21.2 22.6 24.2 24.2 23.1 19.2 16.2 13.6 18.3 4,175 241 276 181 208 201 452 343 174 491 93 1,079 436 1,074m 1.6 2.3 2.5 1.9 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.6 0.8 1.6 2.0 2.3 2.2 / 13.4 14.0 16.3 14.9 20.0 20.6 21.0 20.7 20.3 18.6 17.0 14.9 17.6 27.2 65.9 126.4 174 493.5 871.2 631.1 1,954 3,973.9 470 123.5 25.6 10.7.5 1,800m 0.9 0.4 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 1.2 1.2 2.0 1.0 0.6 0.4 / 11 400-800 290 2 1. 2.
N E NE NE NE NE W E NW NE NE NE NE NE monsoon rain forest savanna thorn forest deciduous monsoon forest 1949 11 4 23-25 16 30 10 8,000 1,500-2,000 11 3 5 9 4 10 5.2-9.2 / 11 9.1 / 11 39 12 16 74 23.9 24.2 26.4 28.9 30.3 30.8 30.9 30.4 30.3 28.7 26.4 24.5 17.6 17.3 19.3 21.6 23.4 24.7 24.8 24.6 23.9 22.8 21.1 19.0 21.7 20.3 20.2 22.2 24.6 26.3 27.3 27.5 27.1 26.6 25.2 23.3 21.4 24.3 24 29 24 49 186 372 422 586 284 159 39 16 8.0 7.2 6.7 5.4 4.7 4.3 4.5 4.6 4.7 6.7 9.1 9.2 28.0 2,187 6.3 / 22 3 12 7 11 tropical rainforest
4.5-5.8 600 2,000 2,369 3,090 2,841 24 10 8,500 70 18.9 20.3 8.6 7.2 9.5 7.2 1,800-2,500 50 5 3 5,305 7,637 1 ph 100 60 2 2 5 7 2 2 30-40 1 6-7 3 2-3 1-2 20-30 strangler plant 3 1. 2. 3. 600 130 500 1993 1. zone subzone province
county district 1980 2. region subregion zone province domain district 1980 36,000 1980 16 Takhtajan1978, 1986
15 1993-17 1931 1940 1921 Li & Keng 1950 1956 1959, 1960, T. S. Liu 1962 1968 1972, 1994 Takhtajan1978, 1986 1980 1983 1993 1993 12 1959, 1960, 1962 1972, 1994 Takhtajan 1978, 1986 12 1980 1983 1985, 1992 1993 1993
1959, 1960, T. S. Liu 1962 climatic soil topographic biotic 13 13 subtropical rain forest 2,500-3,500 22 1,500-2,500 22.5 sulfatara formation 1,500 24.5 11 3 5 9
monsoon rain forest 3,000 25() 540 300 300 1,500-2,000-600
300 1,000 3,000 1,150 2,895 16.6 2,270 3,614 11.5 3,900 4,000 4.5 500 subtropical zone 500 1,800 warm-temperate zone 1,800 3,000 cool-temperate zone 3,000 subfrigid zone 1. 500 2. 1,500 1,500 1,100 1,100 1,100 Lauro-Fagaceae association 1,000-1,500 summer green forest 1. 1,800-2,400 2,400 2. 2,800-3,500 3,000-3,700 1959, 1960, 1962
1972 1994 Li & Keng 1950 14 14 s avanna f ormation t ype f orest f ormation t ype t undra f ormation t ype t ropical s avanna f ormation s ub-alpine c oniferous f orest f ormation l ittoral f orest f ormation t ropical r ain f orest f ormation 700 s ulfatara f ormation s ubtropical and w arm-temperate r ain f orest f ormation 500 1,800 700 2,100 Lauro- Fagaceae a ssociation w arm-temperate m ountain c oniferous f orest f ormation 2,500 2,000 c old-temperate m ountain c oniferous f orest f ormation 3,000 3,000 Juniperus squamata consociation Abies kawakamii consociation alpine tundra formation 14 t ropical l ittoral f orest f ormation
t ropical m onsoon-rain f orest f ormation - - 1994 ()Takhtajan Takhtajan1978, 1986 15 15Takhtajan1978 Holarctis Paleotropis 40 30 Eastern Asiatic region Malesian region 83 5130 14 300 2 500 25,000 4 30 84% Takhtajan 1978, 1986
macroclimate 1980 16 17 2 16 1980 1980 17 11-12 28 17 25 124 22 100-500 -34 3,950 1,879 2,062 200-500 1,000-2,000, 1,000 3,000-4,000 15-24 1 1-11 22-25.5 10 7,500-9,000 22 0 1 14-21 -2 7 26-29 4,500-8,000 2-5 1,000-2,000 750 0 0
- 1,500-2,000 1,000 3,000-5,000 4-10 85% 200 1,800 22 19 150-200 1,000 2,000 3,500 150 3,950 500 22-24 10 7,500-8,000 13-20 2-3 0 200 200-700 1,500-700-1,200 1,200 2,000 5,000
37 0
圖 1 中國植被帶的水平分佈 資料來源 中國科學院 1985
17 100 3,500 2,000 3,950 1,000-2,000 100, 200-300 30 200-600 100-200 16-20 2.7 1,500-2,500 21 2,000 3,000-5,000, 3,000 6,707 980 500 1,800-3,000 3,000 3,600-3,900 500-1,300 160% 1,300-2,000 2,000-3,000 3,000-3,600 3,600
500 1980 1983 6 18 18 1983 1,000 1983 1954, 1993 r egionality 6 19 323 67.89% 1979
1993 1993-20 21 2 20 A 1 A1a A A2 A2a A1 A1a A A2 A2a A A A1A2 A1a A2b 1993
植被帶界線 ⅠA 2 a 台灣中北部山地樟櫟林 紅檜 雲冷杉林 小區 植被地區界線 ⅠA ⅠA 1 ⅡA 台灣北部丘陵山地 偏濕性 季雨林地帶 台灣南部濱海平原丘陵 偏濕性 季雨 林 雨林地帶 ⅡA 1 台南濱海平原丘陵季雨林 雨林植被地區 台西平原季雨林 稻 蔗 茶 蕉植被地區 ⅡA 1 a 台南濱海平原丘陵季雨林 雨林小區 ⅠA 1 a 台西平原季雨林 稻 蔗 茶 蕉植被小區 ⅡA 2 台灣南部山地常綠林 針葉林植被地區 ⅠA 2 台灣中北部山地常綠林 針葉林植被地區 ⅡA 2 a 台灣南部山地樟櫟林 雲冷杉林植被小區 圖 2 台灣植被分區圖 資料來源 黃威廉 1993
21 1993
800 800 2,000 1993 1993 1956 1.
Taraxacum T. formosananum T. officinale 800 2. 1,800 22 2,000 Pasania kawakamii Miyawaki 1981 1987 1,400 16.8-24.4 2,231-3,843 80% 1-6 1,200 790-1,100 400-1,100
Champereia manillana 320-590 1990-1994 1980 1,500 1,900 nunatak
Takhtajan 1978, 1986 1997 36,000 taiga 1956 (1) 2330 3,000 55 188 376 243 65% 1956 1993
1985a... 1985b. ( ).. 1988. ( ).. 1994... ( )1980... 1997... 1980.... pp. 738-745. 1968a. (). 26 pp. 166. 1968b.. 24 pp. 165. 1970. (). 36 pp. 4(2). 1971a. (). 203. 1971b. (). ()7639-62. 1990... 1993... 1983.. 50. pp.232-233. 1993... 1959.. 24. 1960-62. ( ).. 1962.. 20149-157. 1978.. 121207-239. 1994... 1956...
1978.. 95-176.. 1985. (). 18(3)33-44. 1992... 11. pp.39-53 Li, H. L. & H. Keng 1950. Phytogeographical affinities of southern Taiwan. Taiwania 2-4 104-128. Su, H. J. 1984. Studies on the climate and vegeation type of the natural forest in Taiwan(). Altitudinal vegetation zones in relation to temperature gradient. Quart. Journ. Chin. Forest. 17(4)57-73. Takhtajan, A. 1978. The Floristic Regions of the World. 248 pp. + 1 map. Leningrad. (in Russian) Takhtajan, A. 1986. Floristic Regions of the World. xxii+522 pp. Los Angeles. (Translated by T. J. Grovello) Wang, C. K. 1957. Zonation of vegetation on Taiwan. M. Sc. Dissertation, New York State University College of Forestry. (unpublished) Wang, C. K. 1957. Zonation of vegetation on Taiwan. M. Sc. Dissertation, New York State University College of Forestry. (unpublished) Wang, C. K. 1962. Some environmental conditions and responses of vegetation on Taiwan. Biol. Bull. Tunghai Univ. 111-19. Wang, C. K. 1962. Some environmental conditions and responses of vegetation on Taiwan. Biol. Bull. Tunghai Univ. 111-19.