1997 10 8 CHIN ESE JOURNAL OF APPL IED ECOLO GY,Oct. 1997,8 (supp. ) 8 19 3 (, 650091), 7 15 24..,, 41. 26 % ; 10 %.,, Distribution of vegetations in Mengyang Nature Reserve of Xishuangbanna and their ecological characteristics. Ou Xiaokun, Jin Zhenzhou, Peng Mingchun, Fang Bo and Fang J unmin ( In2 stitute of Ecology and Geobotany, Yunnan U niversity, Kunming 650091). 2Chin. J. A ppl. Ecol.,1997,8 (supp. ) :8 19. A preliminary study on the species composition, ecological characteristics and present distribu2 tion of vegetations in Mengyang area, the largest part of Xishuangbanna Nature Reserve, shows that there are 7 vegetation types, 15 formations, 24 community types in this area. The vegetation map was made by using GIS software (ARC/ INFO), and the area and distribution pattern of each community was obtained. The subtropical monsoon evergreen broad2leaved forest occupies the largest part, with an area of 41. 26 % of the whole, and the tropical rain forest oc2 cupies less than 10 % of the whole area. According to the topography, altitude, climate charac2 ters and present distribution of the vegetation,and based on the landscape type map, an original vegetation map under natural conditions was obtained,which could provid a theory for the vege2 tation restoration, especially for the tropical rain forest and its habitat, and for the development of the Nature Reserve. Key words Xishuangbanna, Tropical area, Nature reserve, Vegetation type, Ecological char2 acteristics, Geographical Information System. 1,, 1983, 5,,., 99760 hm 2, 41. 3 %,,.,. 3 ( IDRC) (9428011). 1997 5 9,8 28.
: 9 900 m.,,,, 22 0 22 30, 100 30 101 30. (740 m) [1 ], 20. 8, 1193. 7 mm, (11 4 ) 176. 0 mm, 1017. 9 mm, 85. 3 %. 1100 1300 m, 10 %, 1568 m, 640 m. 2,.,. 1 :50000 1995 3 9, ARC/ INFO,. 3 3. 1, [1 ] [2,3 ], 1. 3. 2 3. 2. 1 2 2..,. 600 2500 m 2. 5 ; 30 40 m, 20 %, 25 263 cm, : ( Hom ali um laoticum var. gl. ) ; 15 25 m, 65 %, : ( A cti nodaphne henry2 i) ( Polyalthia cheliensis) ( M achil us ruf ipes) ( A porusa yunnanensis) ; 3 15 m, 45 %, 4 15 cm, ( Phoebe lanceolata) ( S aprosm a ternat um) ( B accaurea ram if lara) ( M it rephora thorelii) ; 1 2 m, 30 % ; 3 cm, ( Psychot ria siam ica) ( Chassalia curvif li ra) ( Psychot ris hai nensis ) ( Canari um pi mela) ; 0. 03 1 m, 20 %, ( Phryni um capita2 t um) ( Tectaria si m aoensis) ( Pteris biaurita) ( Aspi dist ra typica) ; ( Pi per boehmerif oli um var. toki2 nensis) ( M illettia dielsiana) ( Pristi mera arborea) ( Tet rastigm a f loribunda) ; : ( Cyclobalanopsis rex ) ( Neonauclea tsai2ana) ( M ag2 nolia henryi) ( Cycas yunnanen2 sis).,,,,,.,
10 8 1 Table 1 Vegetation classification system of Mengyang Nature Reserve of Xishuangbanna I. Tropical rain forest ( I) Seasonal rain forest ( ) 2 Form. Pometia tomentosa, Terminalia myriocarpa 1. 2 2 Pometia tomentosa, Terminalia bellirica, Xanthophyllum siamense Comm. ( II) Montane rain forest ( ) 2 Form. Winchia calophylla, Paramichelia baillonii 2. 2 2 Nephelium chryseum, Paramichelia baillonii, Schi ma w allichii Comm. ( ) 2 Form. Dysoxylum gobara, Semecarpus reticulata 3. 2 2 Dysoxylum gobara, Semecarpus reticulata, Phoebe puwenensis Comm. ( ) 2 Form. Calophyllum polyanthum, Phoebe nanm u 4. 2 2 Calophyllum polyanthum, Phoebe nanm u, Reevesia siamensis Comm. ( ) 2 Form. Dacrycarpus i mbricat us, L ithocarpus corneus 5. 2 2 Dacrycarpus i mbricat us, L ithocarpus corneus, Dysoxylum gobara Comm. II. Tropical monsoon forest ( ) 2 Form. Cycas pectinata, Bauhinia variegata var. candida 6. 2 Cycas pectinata, Bauhinia variegata var. candida Comm. III. Monsoon evergreen broad2leaved forest ( ) 2 Form. Castanopsis indica, Castanopsis hyst rix 7. 2 Castanopsis indica, Castanopsis hyst rix Comm. ( ) 2 Form. Castanopsis echidnocarpa, L ithocarpus f enest rat us 8. 2 2 Castanopsis f leuryi, L ithocarpus t runcat us, Phoebe nanm u Comm. 9. 2 L ithocarpus f enest rat us, Cyclobananopsis kerri Comm. IV. Warm coniferous forest ( ) Form. Pinus Kayia var. langbianensis 10. Pinus kayia var. langbianensis Comm. V. Bamboo forest ( ) Form. Dendrocalam us menbranaceus 11. Dendrocalam us menbranaceus Comm. 12. Dendrocalam us menbranaceus and other trees Comm. VI. Shrub grassland ( ) 2 Form. Cratoxylon f ormosum, A porusa villosa 13. 2 M allot us paniculat us, M acaranga denticulata Comm. 14. 2 S accharum arundinaceum Neuraudia reynaudiana Comm. 15. Eupatorium odorat um Comm. 16. Thysanolaena maxi ma Comm. 17. 2 Eupatorium odorat um, I m perata cylindrica Comm. ( ) 2 2 Form. Castanopsis hyst rix, Schi ma w allichii, Eupatorium coelesticum 18. A rundinella bengalensis Comm. 19. Eupatorium coelesticum Comm. VII. Artificial forest ( ) 2 Rubber and tea forest 20. Rubber forest 21. Tea and rubber + tea thrub and forest ( ) Dryland crops 22. Corn and other crops 23. Dry rice ( ) Paddy field 24. Paddy and other field crops
: 11,.,,. 35 m,,..,. 3. 2. 2 2 2,, 850 900 m,., [2 ],,.. 5, 3,. 25 30 m, 30 88 cm, 60 %, ( Nepheli um chryseum) ( Param ichelia bailloni2 i) ( Schi m a w allichii ) ( W i nchia calophylla) ; 7 18 m, 7 30 cm, 70 %, ( M illettia lepto2 bot rya) ( S yzygi um oblat um ) ( Phoebe puwenensis) ; 3 6 m, 3 7 cm, 30 %, ( A podytes di m i diata ) ( A phanam i xis polystachya) ( Xe2 rom phis spi nosa) ( L asianthus w allichii) ; 0. 5 2 m, 3 cm, 20 %, ( M aesa permollis) ( Psy2 chot ria henryi) ( Croton cascaril2 loi des) ( Ficus hispi da) ( Callicarpa arborea) ; 0. 3 0. 5 m, 10 %, ( A m ischotolype hispi da) ( A l pi nia zerum bet ) ( O phiopogon revol ut us) ( Curculigo orchioi des) ;, ( A cacia ru2 gata) ( Fissistigm a bracteolat um ) ( S alacia aurantiaca) ( Tet rastigm a planicaula ) ( Pi per f lavif lorum) ( Cymbi di um pendul um). 3. 2. 3 2 2 [3 ],, 850 870 m, 5, 3,. 25 30 m, 50 200 cm, 15 30 %, ( Dysoxyl um gobara) ( Seme2 carpus reticulata ) ( Cas2 tanopsis hyst ri x) ; 18 25m, 15 30cm, 40 50 %, ( Knem a globularia) ; 5 15 m, 4 15 cm, 15 35 %, ( A glaia per2 vi ri dis) ( S yzygi um yunnanen2 sis) ( Phoebe lanceolata) ( B rassaiopsis f icif olia) ; 2 3 m, 3 cm, 10 30 %, ( Euodia si m plicif olia) ( Psychot ria pilif er2 a) ( L eea crispa) ( Clausena dunniana ) ( L asianthus bierm anni) ; 0. 5 1 m, 10 20 %, ( Paper sarmentosum ) ( Bolbitis
12 8 heteroclita) ( A locasia m acroz z hiz a) ( A nischotope hispi da) ( Tectaria si monii) ;, ( Tod2 dalia asiatica) ( S t rychnos che2 liensis) ( Tet rastigm a obova2 t um) ( Epi prem num pi nnat um ) ( Rhaphi dophora decursiva) ( Neotopterisni dus). 3. 2. 4 2 2. 1520 1530 m, 1 3,.,. 5, 3,. 28 40 m, 50 200 cm, 40 50 %, ( Calophyll um polyan2 thum) ( Phoebe nanm u) ( Reevesia siamensis) ( eme2 carpus reticulata) ; 16 25 m, 15 30 cm, 20 30 %, ( Pygeum henryi) ( Gi ronniera subaequalis ) ( Prunus w allichii) ; 7 14 m, 5 15 cm, 10 20 %, ( O reocni de obovata) ( Pittosporopsis kerrii ) ( A cronychia pedunculata) ( Eu2 odia si m plicif olia) ; 2 5 m, 3 cm, 5 30 %, ( A barem a clypearia) ( Caryota ochlandra) ( Ficus harlandii) ; 0. 5 1 m, 5 20 %, ( Egenolf ia si nensis) ( A llan2 todia dilatata) ;, ( Gnet um mon2 tanum) ( S antaloi des cauda2 t um) ( Dalbergia yunnanensis) ( Ficus sarmentosa var. henryi) ( Neotopteris ni dus). 3. 2. 5 2 2,, 800 1000 m,, [2 ]. 5, 3,. 30 37 m, 33 m, 54 80 cm, 82 cm ; 33 %, ( Dacrycarpus i m bricat us ) ( L ithocarpus corneus ) ( Dysoxy2 l um gobara) ; 20 30 m, 22 m, 20 35 cm, 40 cm, 40 % ;, ( M anglietia w angii) ; 10 20 m, 12 m, 10 20 cm, 37 %, 2, ( M illet2 tia leptobot rya) ( Schef f lera octo2 phylla) ( Ul m us tonki nensis) ; 2 5 m, 20 %, ( Callicarpa arborea) ( M ycetia glandulosa)
: 13 ( Ervatam ia divaricata) ( Croton cascarilloi des) ; 0. 2 1 m, 10 %, ( Cymbi di um si nense) ( O phiopogon grandis ) ( Se2 lagi nella picta) ;, ( S t rychnos cheliensis) ( Pseudodry2 naria coronans var. lanceolata ) ( V anda amesiana). 3. 2. 6 2, 900 1200 m,., 1 2.,, 10 cm..,,,,,. 3, 7 12 m, 60 80 %, 10 35 cm, ( B auhunia varie2 gata var. candi da) ( S tereosperm um colais) ( Engel2 hardtia spicata) ( Colona f loribun2 da) ; 0. 6 2 m, 20 30 %, ( Cycas pecti2 nata) ( V acci ni um ex arista2 t um) ( Phyllanthus em blica) ( M allot us phili ppi nensis) ( L i n2 dera sp. ) ; 0. 5 1 m, 20 %, ( A pl uda m uti2 ca) ( Pogonatherum cri nit um ) ( O plismenus com posit us) ( Pilea m icrophylla). 3. 2. 7 2,, 800 1800 m, 1800 m,. 4,. 20 15 m, 90 %, 20 60 cm, ( Castanopsis i ndica) ( Castanopsis hyst ri x ) ( L ithocarpus f enest rat us) ; 5 9 m, 15 70 %, 5 10 cm, ( S tyrax tonki nensis ) ( A porusa yunnanensis) ; 2 3 m, 30 40 %, ( Wendlandia scanbra) ( Wendlandia ti ncto2 ria var. i ntermedia) ( A porusa vil2 losa) ; 0. 3 1. 5 m, 5 40 %, ( Scle2 ria laevis) ( Thysanolaena m axi2 m a) ( Dianella ensif olia), ( Em belia sessilif lora) ( L ygodi um f lex2 uosum). 3. 2. 8 2 2. 800 1100 m. 4,. 31 m, 70 %, 46 cm, ( Castanopsis f leuryi ) ( L itho2 carpus t runcat us) ; 19 m, 60 %, 22 cm, ( Param ichenia baillonii) ( A nneslea f ragrans) ( Wendlandia ti nctoria) ; 1 5 m, 20 %, ( Evodia lepta) ( Melastom a af f i ne) ( Olea
14 8 glandulif era) ( Em belia sp. ) ; 0. 2 1. 5 m, 40 %, ( Curculigo capit2 ulata) ( A l pi nia congigera),. 3. 2. 9 2, 1200 1800 m. 3,. 10 15 m, 80 %, 30 cm, ( Castanopsis kerrii), 0. 5 1 m, 60 %, ( Engelhardtia serrata) ( Flem i ngia latif olia) ( Glochi d2 ion puberum) ; 0. 3 0. 8 m, 30 %, ( Scleria chi nensis) ( M iscanthus f lori dus) ( Panicum notat um ) ( L y2 godi um japonicum ). 3. 2. 10 1500 m,. 3,, 20 25 m, 60 %, 20 40 cm,. 0 5 2 m, 20 40 %, ( V acci ni um har2 m andianum ) ( Wend2 landia paniculata) ; 0. 5 1. 2 m, 50 60 %, ( Pogonatherum panicum ) ( A rundi nella bengalensis) ( Im pera2 ta cyli ndrica).,. 3. 2. 11,,. 800 1200 m.. 3,,. 10 12 m, 80 %, 6 7 cm. 0. 5 2 m, 5 10 %, ( Ternst roem ia gym nanthera) ( S yzy2 gi um sp. ) ( L ithocarpus polysta2 chyus) ; 0. 2 0. 8 m, 5 %, ( Elephantopus scaber) ( Geophila herbacea) ( A l pi nia chi nensis).,,.. 3. 2. 12,. 900 1200 m,.,. 5 7 m, 60 70 %, 6 8 cm,, 1 2 m, 10 20 %, ( Glochi dion eriocarpum ) ( Rhus chi nensis) ( Canthi um parvif lori2 um) ; 0. 5 1 m, 10 %, ( U rena lobata). 3. 2. 13 2.. 500 1000 m,,., 18 m, 50 %,
: 15 18 30 cm, ( M allot us paniculat us) ( M acaranga denticulta) ; 2 5 m, 50 %, 3 5 cm, ( Camellia conf usa) ( Ficus hi rta) ( Eupatori um odora2 t um) ; 0. 3 1 m, 20 %,. 3. 2. 14 2, 700 1100 m, 2,, 1 2 m, 10 20 %,, 1 2. 5 m, 70 80 %,,. 3. 2. 15. 600 1000 m,,., 2 m, 70 %, ; 0. 1 0. 3 m, 40 %,.,. 3. 2. 16,,, 70021000 m,,,, 1 2 m, 10 20 %, ( Schi m a villosa) ; 0. 5 1 m, 5 10 %, ( Melastom a norm ale) ( Fi2 cus hi rta) ; 2 4 m, 60 70 %, ( Scleria laevis) ( Isachne glo2 bosa). 3. 2. 17 2., 600 1000 m,,. 1 m, 20 30 %, ( Prem na szem aoensis) ( T rem a orientalis ),,. 1 1. 2 m, 60 70 %,.. 3. 2. 18,, 1000 1500 m ; 3,,, 5 12 m, 5 10 %,, 0. 5 1 m, 5 10 %, ( Melastom a norm ale) ( Inula cappa) ( Osbeckia chi2 nensis) ; 1 1. 5 m, 70 80 %, ( A rundi nella bengalensis) ( Pyeri di um aquili um var. lati uscul um ) ( A rundi2 nella cochi nchi nensis).. 3. 2. 19, 1000 m,,. 3. 2. 20,,
16 8, 900 1400 m,. 3. 2. 21,,, 800 1500 m.,. 3. 2. 22.. 3. 2. 23,, 1300 m. 23. 5, 18. 3. 3 3. 3. 1 1) :,. -.,.,,.,., 3,,,,,. 2) :.,.. ;, ;. 3) :,.,,., ; ; ;. 3. 3. 2, ( 1). 900 m,, ;
: 17,,.., 1200 m,.,,.. 1 Fig. 1 Moisture and heat relation among the original vege2 tations in Mengyang Nature Reserve of Xishuangbanna. 1500 m,,. ; 1200 m (2 3 a) ; ;,,. 1200 m,.,.. 3. 4, [1,3,4 ]. 1 :50000,., ARC/ INFO,. 2, 41. 26 %., 0. 13 %., ( ) 98. 87 hm 2, 8. 77 % ; ( ) 784. 47 hm 2, 69. 49 % ; ( ) 204. 83 hm 2, 18. 17 % ; 40. 17 hm 2, 3. 57 %. 3. 5, 3.
18 8 2 Table 2 Formation area in Mengyang Reserve and its percentage Formation Area (hm 2 ) Form. Pometia tomentosa, Terminalia myriocarpa 50. 63 4. 49 Form. Winchia calophylla, Paramichelia baillonii 42. 07 3. 73, Form. Dysoxylum gobara, Semecarpus reticulata 1. 44 0. 13 Form. Calophyllum polyanthum, Phoebe nanm u 1. 74 0. 15 Form. Dacrycarpus i mbricat us, L ithocarpus corneus 1. 48 0. 13 Form. Cycas pectinata Bauhinia variegata var. candida 1. 51 0. 14 Form. Castanopsis indica, Castanopsis hyst rix 315. 54 27. 95 Form. Castanopsis echidnocarpa, L ithocarpus f enest rat us 465. 84 41. 26 Form. Pinus Kayia var. langbianensis 3. 09 0. 28 Form. Dendrocalam us menbranaceus 108. 03 9. 58 Form. Cratoxylon f ormosum, A porusa villosa 38. 66 3. 43 Form. Castanopsis hyst rix, Schi ma w allichii, Eupatorium coelesticum 58. 14 5. 16 Rubber and tea forest 4. 58 0. 42 Dryland crops 25. 78 2. 28 Paddy field 9. 81 0. 87 Total 1129. 34 100. 00 3. % 3 Table 3 Potential area of original vegetation type and comparison Original vegetation type Potential area (hm 2 ) % Present area (hm 2 ) % Tropical seasonal rain forest 237. 53 21. 03 50. 63 4. 49 Tropical montane rain forest 126. 93 11. 24 46. 73 4. 28 Monsoon evergreen broad2leaved forest 764. 88 67. 73 781. 38 69. 21 Total 1129. 34 100. 00 878. 74 77. 98 3,,. ( ), ( 3). ( 3), 237. 53 hm 2, 21. 03 % ; 50. 63 hm 2, 4. 49 %,.,,,. 4. 28 %, 11. 24 %..,, ;, 10.
: 19,,. 4 4. 1,,.,,. 4. 2 ( ),,,. 23, 10,8, 5. 4. 3. 15,.. 900 m,900 1200 m,.,, ; 8. 77 %.,. 4. 4... 1. 1987.. :, 2. 1997.., :1 30. 3. 1987... :,88 169. 4. 1987... :,44 57.