93 2 6 ~ 5 0 % 11 3 / 5 / 11 11 8 16 45% ( 2-1) 3 2 A C 2 6 0 % A - G 7 A C 2 23 % ( 2-1) 2-1 AC2 11 cm (g) (g) g % AC1 178 8.6 11.1 1.1 12.8 1.5 168 14.8 0.4 2.4 0.7 22.6 1.7 94 1.3 94 101 111 112 114 103 AC2 172 14.7 10.6 1.1 19.3 2.9 159 11.8 0.2 2.0 0.5 26.9 3 94 2.0 91 102 168 89 95 123 AC3 176 10.6 10.2 0.4 16.8 3.7 165 11.7 0.7 2.2 0.2 26.7 0.5 88 6.5 93 99 146 89 105 122 A 174 16 10.3 0.5 14.6 1.9 167 15.0 1.8 2.0 0.1 25.1 1.8 89 5.0 92 100 127 114 95 115 CK 189 8.3 10.3 0.3 11.5 1.2 613 13.2 0.4 2.1 0.1 21.9 1.1 85 3.6 100 100 100 100 100 100 x mean SE % 93 4 22 14
2-1 AC2 11 F 1 F 1 (cucumis sativus L.) (m F a) 8 ( m o n o e c i o u s ) (hermaphroditic) ( a n d r o e c i o u s ) F 1 8 ( g y n o e c i o u s ) 3 6 8 ( 2-2 ) 49 F 1 e t h y l e n e ( 2-3 ) e t h e p h o n 1 2 aminoethoxyvinyl glycine (AVG) 3 250 ppm ( 2-4) F 1 w w w.t s s. g o v. t w 15
93 2-2 932041 932042 932043 932045 932046 932047 932048 932049 3 6 8 3 6 8 3 6 8 3 6 8 3 6 8 3 6 8 3 6 8 3 6 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 2-3 F1 932041(A) 932042(A) 932043(A) 932045(A) 932046(A) 932047(A) 932048(A) 932049(A) 932001(E) E B~C A~B B A~B B B B~C 932010(C) A~B A A~B A~B A A~B 932013(D) B~D A~B A~C A A B 932016(D) C A~B A~B A~B A~B A~B A~B 932026(E) C~D A~B B B A B 932041(A) A A A 932042(A) A A A 932055(D) A~B A A~B C~D D~E 932062(E) A~B A A A~B A~B ABCDE 20 ( / + ) *100 A=100 100<B>80 80<C>60 60<D>30 E<30 16
2-4 932048 250ppm T 0 T 1 T 2 T 3 T 1-2 T 1-2-3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0.8 0 0.3 3.6 0.8 0 0.7 0 0 3.4 0 3.3 3 1 0 0.2 3.3 1.1 0 1.2 0 0.2 4.1 0 2.6 4 0.9 0 0.4 3.2 1 0 1.1 0 0.5 3.7 0.2 3.6 5 1.3 0 0.6 2.4 1.1 1.5. 1.3 0 0 3.2 0 2.8 6 1.2 0 0.5 1.7 0.8 3.5 1 0 0.7 2.1 0.4 2.2 7 1 0 1.3 0.8 1 2.8 1 0 0.5 2.4 0 3.3 8 1.2 0 1 0.5 1.1 1.6 1 0.3 0.7 3.0 0.8 3.0 9 1.2 0 1 0 1.1 3.4 0.8 1.8 1.2 1.5 1 2.8 10 1 0 1.2 0 1.2 0.3 1.1 2.9 1.1 1.8 1.2 2.4 11 1.3 0 1.2 0 1 0.6 0.9 2.8 1 0.6 1 2.4 12 1.1 0 1 0 1.2 0 1.1 2.2 1.3 0 1.1 2.7 13 1 0 1.2 0 1 0 1 1.2 1 0 1.2 1.5 14 1.1 0 1 0 1.2 0 1.2 0 1 0 1.1 0.6 T0 ( ) T1 (1 ) T2 (2 ) T3 (3 ) T1-2 (1 2 ) T1-2-3 (1 2 3 ) P - K 14-14 - 14 1. 5 P. Maudiae type P a p h. M a u d i a e t y p e P a p h. Gloria Naugle 0. 65 22. 4 ( 2-5) P. Gloria Naugle 15-20-25 (N-P-K) 2. 5 2000 29. 3 (peters) N-P-K 10-30- ( o s m o c o t e ) N - 15-20-25 (N-P-K) 1000 36. 3 0. 89 20 1 5-20 - 25 2 0-20 - 20 3 0-10 - 1022.6 ( 2-6) 1000 2000 P. Maudiae type w w w.t s s. g o v. t w 17
93 33 % ~ 73 % 10-30-20 (N-P-K) 90 % 15-20-25 (N-P-K) 1000 ( 2-7) P. Gloria Naugle 73 % 67 % ~ 91 % 15-20-25 (N-P-K) 2-5 (N-P-K) P. Maudiae type (no.) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 ( ) Osmocote 9.1 18.7 10 3.7 28.6 0.64 1.5g/ 1000 N-P-K 10-30-20 9.2 21.9 11.8 3.7 33.4 0.62 15-20-25 9.2 22.4 11.9 4.0 36.3 0.65 20-20-20 8.7 19.9 10.9 3.5 28.8 0.66 30-10-10 9.7 19.1 10.4 3.6 28.6 0.60 2000 N-P-K 10-30-20 8.8 19.0 9.7 3.5 26.5 0.64 15-20-25 9.2 20.4 10.9 3.6 30.2 0.65 20-20-20 9.7 19.7 10.4 3.8 30.2 0.65 30-10-10 9.2 20.4 10.9 4.0 33.6 0.65 2-6 (N-P-K) P. Gloria Naugle (no.) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 ( ) Osmocote 15.7 14.0 7.6 2.3 13.7 0.67 1.5g/ 1000 N-P-K 10-30-20 16.2 19.6 10.2 3.0 24.1 0.81 15-20-25 16.6 21.0 10.7 3.1 26.0 0.81 20-20-20 16.7 20.1 10.2 3.0 24.6 0.77 30-10-10 17.8 18.8 9.7 2.8 21.7 0.76 2000 N-P-K 10-30-20 16.5 18.7 9.5 3.0 22.1 0.85 15-20-25 16.2 22.6 11.8 3.2 29.3 0.89 20-20-20 15.8 20.4 10.6 3.0 25.1 0.78 30-10-10 16.7 20.0 10.3 2.9 23.7 0.77 18
2-7 ( N - P - K ) P. Maudiae type 6 6. 5 7 % Osmocote1.5g/ 1000 N-P-K (%) (%) 40 83 10-30-20 70 90 15-20-25 73 91 20-20-20 50 87 30-10-10 37 83 2000 N-P-K 10-30-20 66 85 15-20-25 33 70 20-20-20 56 82 30-10-10 50 67 87. 5 % 8 2. 5 % 4 6 8 52 % 6 0 % 62.5% ( 2-12) 30 ~ 50 % 67. 5 % 6 4. 5 % ( 2-9) 3. 76 % 59. 5 ~ 62 % ( 2-10) 4. 30 ~ 50 % 0 2 4 6 86 ~ 92. 5 % 8 59.5% ( 2-11) 5. 91. 5 % 0 2 1. 2-8 57 c 10.8 11.1 66 73 b 5.8 14.2 0.88 97 a 2.0 11.1 0.65 97 % 9 6 % 73 % 96 a 0 11.3 0.11 57% ( 2-8) 73 b 2.8 11.0 0.36 2. 0.05 w w w.t s s. g o v. t w 19
93 2-9 2-12 ( ) 66.5 a 6.0 14.0 0.96 30-50% 67.5 a 11.5 12.0 0.84 100% 64.5 a 6.0 11.9 0.28 91.5a 5.5 16.7 0.70 0 87.5a 17 11.8 0.35 2 82.5a 16.6 15.7 0.32 0.05 4 52 16.6 14.8 0.27 2-10 0.05 37 62 b 5.7 16.5 2.52 64.5 ab 6.6 14.3 0.99 59.5 b 10.2 12.1 0.37 76 a 5.2 14.3 0.79 0.05 2-11 ( ) 2 92.5 a 3.4 8.8 0.23 1 0 92.5 a 9.1 11.1 0.46 2 89.5 a 6.8 10.3 0.36 4 86.0 a 5.9 11.0 0.57 6 91.0 a 6.6 9.9 0.50 8 59.5 9.3 9.5 0.87 6 60b 4.9 16.3 0.41 8 62.5b 17.7 11.5 0.49 8 ~ 12 7 ~ 10 7 ~ 9 5 ~ 25 0.05 45 ~ 75 7 ~ 10 20
7 ~ 11 7 ~ 10 2-14 35 ~ 45 15 ~ 25 45 ~ 75 (%) 5 ~ 6 7 80.0 82.3 9 82.3 82.3 11 7 11 83.4 76.5 13 50.1 35.6 30 7 94.5 96.5 9 100 100 9 11 98.9 100 13 92.3 84.4 7 89.8 90.1 ( 2-13 2-9 98.9 100 11 11 97.8 100 14 2-15) 13 94.5 84.4 7 70.1 73.5 2-13 9 94.5 98.8 13 11 100 98.9 13 97.8 93.4 (%) 7 78.8 81.2 9 73.5 80.0 7 11 35.6 43.5 2-15 13 - - 7 100 98.9 (%) 9 100 100 9 11 97.8 98.9 13 60.1 80.0 45 94.5 81.1 7 88.9 80.0 45 60 97.7 86.7 9 100 100 75 100 88.9 11 11 97.8 100 45 98.9 87.8 13 35.6 79.8 60 60 100 89.9 7 54.3 35.6 75 100 89.9 9 95.6 87.8 45 93.2 80.0 13 11 87.8 93.4 75 60 97.7 86.7 13 73.5 84.4 75 100 88.9 w w w.t s s. g o v. t w 21
93 ( ) ( ) ( ) 19 14 2-16 % % % % L1 84.4 L6 84.4 L11 100 L17 85.6 L2 100 L7 100 L12 100 L18 98.9 L3 100 L8 98.9 L14 80.0 L19 80.0 L4 98.9 L9 100 L15 98.9 L20 98.9 L5 100 L10 100 L16 98.9 2-17 (10 ) cm 2 cm 2 L1 1.6 1.3 15.97 L11 1.9 1.7 17.25 L2 1.9 1.6 17.56 L12 1.7 1.5 15.00 L3 1.9 1.7 19.56 L14 1.8 1.6 21.83 L4 2.0 1.7 19.58 L15 1.7 1.5 21.11 L5 1.6 1.4 14.56 L16 1.9 1.7 17.97 L6 1.6 1.4 12.86 L17 1.6 1.4 15.97 L7 1.8 1.6 18.75 L18 1.7 1.5 16.92 L8 1.7 1.4 16.56 L19 1.4 1.3 17.08 L9 2.0 1.7 14.56 L20 1.8 1.6 15.67 L10 2.0 1.7 16.33 LSD 0.21 0.13 2.91 LSD 0.21 0.13 2.91 22
C O 2 4 3 L 2 L 3 L 4 L 14 L 15 ' ' E 24 E 1 E 2 E 12 E 13 E 25 ( 2-16 2-17 2-18 2-19 ) 5 P E 2-18 % % % E1 100 E8 73.5 E14 97.8 E2 85.6 E10 87.8 E23 97.8 E5 88.9 E11 100 E24 100 E6 92.2 E12 100 E25 80.0 E7 35.6 E13 96.7 2-19 (10 ) g g E1 10.0 5.1 1.77 E11 13.3 5.0 1.66 E2 10.4 5.2 1.90 E12 10.0 4.4 1.79 E5 8.0 4.0 1.52 E13 11.1 5.1 1.75 E6 7.1 3.7 1.28 E14 10.4 4.7 1.53 E7 8.7 3.6 0.93 E23 9.6 4.1 1.30 E8 11.0 5.0 1.46 E24 13.0 5.6 2.46 E10 9.7 3.8 1.61 E25 8.3 4.9 1.76 LSD 1.91 1.2 0.62 LSD 1.91 1.2 0.62 w w w.t s s. g o v. t w 23
93 4000 467 4300 211 93 1 0 1 5 24
W TO W TO 93 (Zanthoxylun ailanthoides) (Gnaphalium luteoalbum) (Melissa axillari) (Hyptissuaveolems) (Tecmisia oligocorpa) (Glechoma hederacea L. var. grandis) (Origanum vulgsre L.) 31 (C a s s i a alata L.) 26 ( 2 08 300 ) (A g a s t a c h e mexicana) 28 ( 2-20 ) 300 w w w.t s s. g o v. t w 25
93 19 (wildly escaped) ( 2-21) ( 2-22) 103 93 6 1 9 3000 2-20 Mexican giant hyssop Agastache mexicana Purplestem angelica Angelica atropurpurea Sweet vernal grass Anthoxanthum odoratum L. Genepi Artemisia genipi Genepi des glaciers Artemisia glacialis Levant wormseed Artemisia maritima Roman wormwood Artemisia pontica Wild ginger Asarum canadense L. Brown and lndian mustard Brassica juncea Black mustard Brassica nigra Lesser calamint Calamintha nepeta Calamint Calamintha sylvatica Capers Capparis spinosa L. Chinese pepper Capsicum chinense Tabasco pepper Capsicum frutescens Rocoto Capsicum pubescens Safflower Carthamus tinctorius L. Balm of Gilead Cedronella canariensis (L.) P. Webb & Berthel. Epazote,Wormseed Chenopodium ambrosioides L. Clove pink Dianthus caryophyllus Grass pink Dianthus plumarius Mintshrub Elsholtzia stauntonii Asafetida Ferula assa-foetida American pennyroyal Hedeoma pulegioides (L.) Pers. Elecampane Inula helenium L. Common juniper Juniperus communis L. Pineapple weed Matricaria matricarioides Wild bergamot Monarda fistulosa Pony beebalm Monarda pectinata 26
2-21 Vietnamese lemon balm Labiatae Elsholtzia ciliata Basil Labiatae Sweet Marjoram Labiatae Purple Shiso, Beefsteak plant Labiatae Cuban oregano Labiatae Rosemary Labiatae Pineapple Sage, Elegant Sage Mexican Bush Sage Labiatae Labiatae Wild thyme Labiatae Lemon verbena Mexican Oregano Yarrow Wild Mexican marigold Verbenaceae Verbenaceae Compositae Compositae Tansy, Golden buttons Compositae Vietnamese Coriander Compositae Polygonaceae Ocimum basilicum Origanum majorana Perilla frutescens Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Rosmarinus officinalis Salvia elegans Salvia leucantha Thymus serpyllum 'Coccineus' Aloysia triphylla (Aloysia citriodora) Lippia graveolens Achillea millefolium Tagetes Patula Tanacetum vulgare Taraxacum officinale Weber Persicaria odorata (Polygonum odoratum) Sorrel, Garden sorrel Polygonaceae Rumex acetosa L. Salad Burnet Rosaceae Sanguisorba minor Culantro Umbelliferae Eryngium foetidum L. 2-22 Taraxacum officinale Weber Persicaria odorata Vietnamese Coriander, Laksa ( ) (Polygonum odoratum) plant, Smartweed Tagetes filifoliairish lace Marigold, Irish lace, Anisillo Eryngium foetidum L. Culantro Silybum marianum Milk Thistle Elsholtzia ciliata Vietnamese lemon balm Tanacetum vulgare Tansy, Golden buttons w w w.t s s. g o v. t w 27
93 17 2 1 25 A P X 25 13 A P X (stock plant) (short-term storage) (holding) A P X A P X S O D G R 1 - M C P 16 A P X L o k h a n d a P e r e z P a y t o n 25 APX 13 16 1 - M C P 16 16 25 A P X 16 P a y t o n A P X 13 13 2-2 1 - M C P 16 ( 2-2 2-3) 28
2-3 1 - M C P Chlorophyll Content Index (OSI-CCM-200) G o rdonia axillaris Rhaphiolepis indica (33%) 10 (0%) Distylium racemosum D i o s p y ro s maritima Blume S y z y g i u m f o r m o s a n u m (H a y a t a) M o r i 5 4 2004 (17%) 9 ( 14 %) 1 ~ 3 3 ~ 4 6 ~ 9 6 (33%) 9 1 ~ 4 9 ~ 11 3 ~ 4 ( 11%) 4 4 ~ 10 6 ~ 1 (95%) 9 (47%) 10 ~ 12 1 ~ 2 1 ~ 2 4 (75%) 9 9~12 1~6 15 (83%) 10 (46%) 25 (31%) 10 (0%) 15 (94%) 10 (1%) 15 15 (63%) 10 (0%) ( 2-4 2-23) (21%) 6 w w w.t s s. g o v. t w 29
93 (66%) 4 (23%) ( 2-5 2-25) 15 25 4 ~ 6 2-24 5 2-4 5 (%) ( ) 10 15 25 30 F value 0 a 33 b 13 b 0 a 6.126 0 a 11 b 31 c 1 a 24.107 46 83 65 52 2.298 0 a 63 c 60 c 27 b 56.298 1 a 94 c 90 c 62 b 82.400 The same letter within a given tree species among different treatments indicates no significant difference at the 5% level by Duncan's test. 2-25 5 2-5 5 (%) F value 4 6 9 75 c 50 b 21 a 26.590 14 a 33 b 11 a 29.791 17 15 14 0.150 23 a 66 b 27 a 43.280 95 b 88 b 47 a 49.195 The same letter within a given tree species among different treatments indicates no significant difference at the 5% level by Duncan's test. 30
B 2-6 ( 4 228 ) ( 30 % Pythium aphanidermatum ) ( Rhizoctonia solani A G 4 ) ( Phytophtora capacisi ) ( F u s a r i u m o x y s p o ru m f.sp. l y c o p e rc i s i ) 10 % S S 03 SS06 ( 2-26 2-6 ) S S 03 S S 06 S t reptomyces tendae ( 2-7 ) 1 % S S 03 S S 06 ( 2-8 ) 0 % 1 0 % 2 0 % 3 0 % 4 0 % 5 0 % 20 % 40 % 2-26 Rhizoctonia Pythium Phytophtora Fusarium oxysporum solani aphanidermatum capacisi f. sp. lycopercisi (mm) SS03 20.1 a 26.1 a 15.8 b 14.2 a SS05 SS06 0.0 18.2 d b 0.0 16.8 d b 0.0 19.8 d a 0.0 13.2 c a SS10 0.0 d 0.0 d 0.0 d 0.0 c SS11 0.0 d 0.0 d 0.0 d 0.0 c SS13 SS14 2.3 0.0 c d 1.0 0.0 c d 2.4 0.0 c d 5.8 0.0 b c w w w.t s s. g o v. t w 31
93 2-7 2-8 32
2-9 1. (Pieris taiwanensis H a y. ) (Crataeva adansonil DC. Ssp. Formosensis J a c o b s ) (Cinnamomum re t i c u l a t u m H a y. ) (Cinnamomum micranthum ( H a y a t a )) (C i n n a m o m u m insularimon-tanum Hay.) (Celtis f o r m o s a n a H a y. ) (F i c u s f o r m o s a n a M a x i m.) (E. deflexa f. b u i s a n e n s i s) (Meliosma rboifolia Maxim ) (Maesa tenera M e z. ) (Melicope pteleifolia (Champ. Ex Benth.) T.) (Rhus semialata Murr. Var. roxburghiana DC) (Pluchea indica (L.) Less) 2. (Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre ex Merr. ) (Manilkara zapota (L.) Van Royen) 2-10 11 5 4 ~ 5 90 % 6 1 5 6 62. 5 % 7 38. 5 % 4 ~ 5 w w w.t s s. g o v. t w 33
93 83 % 9 6 % 6 95. 8 % 29. 17 % 7 29. 2 % 3 3. 3 % I B A 30 8000ppm (72.9%) 4 2000ppm (70.8%) 4000ppm (72.4%) I B A 65. 1 % I B A D s M V Tu M V ( 2-9 2-10) 6 D s M V Tu M V 1, 000 2, 500 31,588 ( ) 2-27 2-27 93/1~93/12 15,873 93/1~93/12 15,715 34
78 ( 2-11 ) 294,850 15 1 4 3. 5-3 7, 420 94 2-11 w w w.t s s. g o v. t w 35
93 2-28 92-93 ( ) ( ) 92-3 38 154,350 92-3 35.3 140,500 93-1 15 15,800 93-3 8 14,000 15800 8 92-93 2-28 2 1, 800 18 13,720 ( 2-12 2-13) 2-12 2-13 36
( 2-35 ) 1. 5 85 % 9 5 % 85 % ( 2-30 ) ( ) 85 % ( ( ) 2-35 ) 50 % - 70 % ( 2-31 ) 98 % ( 2-29 ) 100 % ( 2-29 (%) ab 82 98 a 68 b 1.5 72 b 85 ab Mean square 423.333** ** Significant at 1% probability levels, respectively. Means the same latters within each column are not significant different by Duncan's multiple range test at P 0.05. 2-30 (%) a 85 67 b 63 b 1.5 85 a 95 a Mean square 544.167** ** Significant at 1% probability levels, respectively. Means the same latters within each column are not significant different by Duncan's multiple range test at P 0.05. w w w.t s s. g o v. t w 37
93 2-35 ) 8 100% ( 2-35) 70% ( 2-32 ) 100 % 6 ( 2-35 ) 100 % ( 2-33 ) 86. 67 % 8 5. 34 % ( 2-35 ) 78 % 4 4 % 90 % ( 2-34 ) 2-31 (%) 65 a Mean square 90.972 Means the same latters within each column are not significant different by Duncan's multiple range test at P 0.05. 70 a 63 a 57 a 2-32 (%) (Week) 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 20 32 48 57 62 70 2-33 (%) 100 a 56 b Mean square 2948.167** ** Significant at 1% probability levels, respectively. Means the same latters within each column are not significant different by Duncan's multiple range test at P 0.05. 38
2-34 78 a (%) Mean square 44 a 1700.167 Means the same latters within each column are not significant different by Duncan's multiple range test at P 0.05. 2-35 (%) 83.33 ab 96.67 a 26.67 d 100.00 a 86.67 a 100.00 a 89.00 ab 86.67 a 23.33 d 93.00 b 68.50 ab 100.00 a 77.67 b 90.00 a 20.00 d 97.67 a 85.34 a 100.00 a 100.00 a 100.00 a 76.67 b 100.00 a 66.50 ab 100.00 a 100.00 a 96.67 a 46.67 c 100.00 a 70.00 ab 100.00 a 100.00 a 96.67 a 100.00 a 100.00 a 58.50 b 100.00 a Mean square 288.533* 75.556 3222.222** 23.956** 736.111* *and ** Significant at 5% and 1% probability levels, respectively. Means the same latters within each column are not significant different by Duncan's multiple range test at P 0.05. ( 2-14) 2-14 w w w.t s s. g o v. t w 39
93 2-36 1 90.1 2 116.8 3 115.7 4 133.9 5 93.2 4 10 6 165.8 7 89.6 8 123.6 9 116.1 10 134.8 10 ( 2-36) 2 ~ 3 3 ~ 4 6 ~ 7 2-15 3~4 ( 2-15) 3 120 2 ~ 3 1. 5 ~ 2 ( 2-17) 2. 0 1. 0 1 ~ 2 1 (monocarpic plant) ( 2-16) 40
2-16 2-17 (Baill.) Becc. 7 ~ 8 2 ~ 3 90 % 20 ~ 30 45 ~ 60 28 % ( ) 1. Gonocaryum calleryanum 2-37 4 (cm) (cm) (g) (g) (Day) (%) (%) 3-4 7-8 3.1-3.8 1.7-2.3 6-10 842 60-80 90 28 3-6 38 5-7 9-10 1.4-1.9 1.7-2.4 2.5-5.5 389 10-55 88 93 8-9 3-5 2.8-3.8 2.1-2.6 6-14 990 25-45 85 40 w w w.t s s. g o v. t w 41
93 2 Rhododendron simsii Planch. 38% 3 Acmena acuminatissima (Blume) Merr. & Perry 9 ~ 10 10 ~ 20 88 % 9 3 % 4 Myistica cagayanensis Merr. 3 ~ 5 25 ~ 45 85 % 42 % 14 2 6 2 0 200 10 42
2-18 (A. fomosanum) Black Magic ( ) 6, 375 Florex Gold ( ) 4,000 Extra Gold ( ) 3 3, 030 Majestic Red ( ) 9, 500 Pacific Pink ( ) 74, 375 Neroli ( ) 1, 000 128, 280 2-19 (Typhonium blumei) w w w.t s s. g o v. t w 43