2007.3 1
... 1 V B2... 4... 7... 9... 12... 14... 17... 19... 25... 29... 31... 34 2
1. 2. 3. ph= 3-9( ph=5-6) Fe 2+ lgk =21.3 510nm, 1.1 10 4 Fe 2+ Fe 3+ Fe 2+ Fe 2+ 1. 1 cm l ml2m15ml 25ml 2. 1. 000 10-3 mol/l 0.4822g 80ml 1+1 1000m1 1.5g/L 0.15g l00ml 100g/L 1mol/L 0.1mol/L 1
1. 2 25ml 0.001.00ml 1. 000 10-3 mol/l, 0.5ml 100g/L lml 1.5g/L 2.5ml 1mol/L 1cm 440nm 560nm 5nm 2nm 2. 6 25 ml 1. 00ml 1. 000 10-3 mol/l 0.5ml 100g/L 0.000.10 0.250.501.002. 00ml 1.5g/L 2.5ml 1mol/L 3. 7 25m1 1. 00ml 1. 000 10-3 mol/l, 0.5ml 100g/L 1.00ml 1.5g/L 0.002.505.007.5010.0015.0020.00ml 0.1mol/L ph 7 25 m1 ph ph 4. 2min5min10min15min30min60min120min 5. 6 25m1 0.000.200.400.60 0.801. 00ml 1. 000 10-3 mol/l 0.5ml 100g/L 1.00ml 1.5g/L 2. 5ml lmol/l 2
1. 2. Fe 3+ Fe 2+ 1. 2. 3
V B2 1. 2. 3. V B2 F C F=KC 430-440nm 535nm ph6-7 ph>11 V B2 V B2 V B2 1. 930 0.8-1. 0cm 8cm) 50ml1000m1 10ml 50m1 l ml2m1 2. V B2 25mg/L 25.0mg 400m1 1-2m1 1000m1 V B2 (lµg/ml) 25mg/L 2.00ml 50m1 0. lmol/l HAc ( 50mg/L 50.0mg 1000m1 0.05mg/L =529 0.1mol/L HAc 60-100 4
1. V B2 5mg 2. (1) 1.5g 1/2-2/3 60-80 / (2) 6 1µg/ml V B2 0.000.501.001.50 2.002.50ml 15-20ml 60-70 (3) l0ml 5ml 5ml l0ml (4) 400nm 510nm 0 0 20 V B2 100 100( 90 0100 F s (5) F=F s F 0 V B2 3. 0.50ml 1.00ml 4. F X =F X F 0 V B2 V B2 V B2 (mg/l= V B2 / V B2 V B2 1. 25mg 350µg 1. 2. 5
3. V B2 6
1. 2. A C Lambert-Beer A=KLC L K A=K'C 1. 5m1 25ml 2. 12.5mmol/L 0.8173g (1 : 1) 1000m1 1 V/V) 50µmol/L 12.5mmol/L 1. 50µmol/L 0. 00 0. 50 1. 00 1. 50 2. 002. 503. 00m1 25ml 0. 001. 002. 003. 004. 005. 006. 00µmol/L 2. 2-5 7
8 3. Zn 5mA 213. 9nm - 15 Zn - 4. A µmol/l 1. 2. (11 1. 2.
1. 2. (SCE) ()ISEF-SCE(+) E E=K 0.0591ga F (25 (TISAB) E C E=K 0.059 lgc F C F TISAB NaClHAc-NaAc NaCl HAc-NaAc ph 5.0-5.5 Al 3+ Fe 3+ Th 4+ 1. phs-2 50m1 1000m150m1 lml2ml5ml10ml 20ml 50ml 2. (1.0mg/m1) NaF( 105110 2h)0.2210g 100ml (10.0µg/m1) TISAB 58gNaCl57ml 10g 500ml 5mol/L NaOH 120ml 5mol/L NaOH ph=5.2 1000ml 5mol/L NaOH 9
1. 10.0µg/m1 0.5 1.02.05.010.020.0ml 50ml TISAB 25ml ( ) 2. ( ) 3. (mv)( ) ElgC F EC F 4. (1)20ml 50ml TISAB 25ml (2) (3) E 1 (mv) (4) 100.0µg/m1 0.20ml(V s ) E 2 (mv) E(=E 1 E 2 )1040mV 5. (1) E 1 C F F C F (2) C(mg/L)=C 1 V 1 /V 2 (10 E/S 1) -1 C C 1 V 1 V 2 S (mv) 1. 2. 10
3. 1. TISAB? 2.? 11
1 2 ( ) 3 ( )G G=/ 25 5.48 10-6 S/m 1 10-4 S/m (DDS ) 1 ( ) 2 0.0100mol/L KCl 120 4 KCl(GR) 0.7456g ( <1 10-5 S/m) 1000ml 0.0100mol/L KCl 1 220V 30 2 ( ) 1.00 ( 12
S) 3 0.0100mol/L KCl (G) =K KCl /G KCl (K KCl KCI ) 4 (K S/m) 1 (<5µS) ( 5µS150mS) U 2 3 1 2 2.5 4 5 KCl 1? 2? 3? 4?? 13
1 2 ( ) ( ) ( 1 ( ) 34mm 2m 3 2.5 101 (102 )6080 / / 10µl 10ml 2 ( ) CS 2 100ml lml 40250ml CS 2 11ml 5 10ml 5ml CS 2 4647 1 CS 2 (Vml)10.0ml 20µl CS 2 10.0ml 2 14
(1) 78 180 140 N 2 25mlmin H 2 60mlmin Air550mlmin (2) 3 10.0ml 1.15ml ( 0.8777)1.15ml ( 0.8650)2.50ml ( 1.107) CS 2 100.9mg/ml 99.5mg/ml 276.8mg/ml 5 10.0ml 10 20304050µl 20µl CS 2 (3) 1 5 1µl[12] ( ) ( ) ( ) 1µl 3 ( ) (mg/m1)=w 10/V W (mg/m1)v (m1) 4 15
( ) 1 2 3 4 5 (mg/ml) 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 ( ) 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 / ( ) / 1CS 2 2 1 2 16
1 HPLC 2 179.18 1.371 C 18 254nm C 1 2 ( ) (GR) K 2 HPO 4 3H 2 O (AR) 1 1.00ml HCl 0.04ml 0.3g 4.00ml 30s 5min 0.20ml 60 N 2 0.20ml 2 A K 2 HPO 4 3H 2 O 4.5g 2L 10ml B AB 0.5µm 3 C 18 A B=8020 lml/min 254nm 4 17
0.1500g 0.1mol/L NaOH 2.00ml 50ml 5.00ml 1.50mg/ml 5 0.000.200.400.600.80 1.00ml 1.00ml 5µl 6 5µl 7 (1) (2) n=5.54(t R /W 1/2 ) 2 1? 2 A B?? 18
19 (g) (m1) (cm 2 ) (m 3) 35~37 24h (35~37) (44~45) 9 () () 510min
13min 80 () 500ml 1.5 2ml l01 3kPa 20min () 1015cm 5min () 2h 4h lml 3724h ( 8 1) 8-1 cfu/ml cfu/ml 10~100 100~1000 10 000~100 000 >100 000 1000~10 000 lml 100 () 1 2 lml 1 3 3 (1) 2025 (2) lml 15ml 20
20ml 45 2 (3) 37 24h lml 1 2 2 (1) 30300 ( 1-2 1) (2) 30300 ( ) 2 ( 8-2 2 2 ( 8-2 3 4) (3) 30300 (8-2 5) (4) 30 ( 8-2 6) (5) 30300 300 30 ( 8-2 6) (6) 1 ( 21
8-2 7) (7) 100 100 10 ( 8-2 ) 8-2 10-1 10-2 10-3 cfu/ml cfu/ml 1 1365 164 20 --- 16400 16000 1.6*10 4 2 2760 295 46 1.6 37750 38000 3.8*10 4 3 2890 271 60 2.2 27100 27000 2.7*10 4 4 150 30 8 2.0 1500 1500 1.5*10 3 5 4650 513 --- 513000 51000 5.1*10 5 6 27 11 5 --- 270 270 2.7*10 2 7 305 12 --- 30500 31000 3.1*10 4 8 0 0 0 --- <1*10 <10 1 2 lml ( ) 3 45 4 30min () 22
1 2 lml 3 l0ml 2 l00ml 1 9ml 1 90ml 1 3 3 1 (1) 3 1) 2 50ml 3 ( ) l00ml l0 5ml 3 ( ) l0ml 37 24h 2) 24h 37 18 24h 3) ( ) 13 37 24h ( ) 23
() 8-3 8-3 300ml100ml 2 10ml 10 10ml 100ml 0 1 2 0 <3 4 11 1 3 8 18 2 7 13 27 3 11 18 38 4 14 24 52 5 18 30 70 6 22 36 92 7 27 43 120 8 31 51 161 9 36 60 230 10 40 69 >230 24
35um lum 8NaCl ph l2 4 99 3 15 3716h 24 10 7 ml 1002025min 100 30min 120 60min 75 5 48h 1 2 4 () (1.0ml 10.0m1) (30 36±1 ) (MYP) L- (TSSB)Butterfield () 1 6 4 4d 25
-20 2 (1) 50g (2)450ml 18 00020 000rmin 2min 110 (3)1 10 10.0ml 90.0ml l100 (4) 1 10.0ml 10 10 6 3 (1) 0.1ml MYP L MYP (2) 30 24h. (3) 15150 MYP 24h (4) 5 30 24h ( ) (5) 10 10-4 0.1ml MYP 25 5 4 1g (25*45) 10 4 10=2 10 6. 4 26
27 5 (1) 35 24h ( ) (2)L- L- 35 48h ( ) 72h (3) 2mm 35 24h (0001 ) 24h (4) MYP 35 24h ( ) 6 (1) 30 24h (2) 30 18 24h (3) 3032 24h B (4) 30 24h 23d 0.5 ( ) 1.5min 0.5min 23d
7 (1) 0.95115 15min 30 1820h (2) 1) 1015cm 6 2cm 2ml68h (VL)0.5 2) (2025g) 0.10.4ml 12h 1min 28
JWL I JWL I Anderson 9cm 1 1.21.5m 5 20min 2 37 24h 3 5 cfu 5 100mm 2 5min 10L ( ) A (cm 2 ) t (min) N 29
1 9cm 2 3 30
42 1 2 3 3 1 SCDLP 2 1 (1) ( ) 10g 90ml 10ml 5ml 45ml 110 (2) ( ) 10g 10ml 10ml 80 4044 10min 75ml 4044 110 35min ( 1 10) 31
(3) 1) 10g 90ml ( ) 3032 15min 1lO 2) 10g 10ml 10ml 80 70ml 4044 110 (4) 10g 90ml 3032 15min 3032 15min 110 10g 90ml 12min; 10g 90ml SCDLP 1g lml lml 807ml 35min 2 110 10ml 90ml SCDLP 37 1824h 3 37 1824h 37 24h 4 5 1 1 1530s 32
33 6 23 37 24h 35ml lmoll lml 7. 37 24h 8. 37 24h 1030min 9.42 4142 2448h 42
l. 2 3 8 1. (2528) (300m1) (15mm*150mm)( 9cm) (1ml 10m1) (121 20min) 2 (1) ( GB 4789.28 4.79 ) _ ( ) 45 (2) (GB 4789.28 4.81 ( ) (3) (GB 4789.28 4.78 ) 34
1. 250500g ( ) 250g ( ) 500g 10 000 2. ( ) 25g(25m1) 225ml 30min 110 1 10 l0ml lml 50 lml 110 9ml lml 5 1100 10 lml 3. 3 10 lml 2 45 2528 ( 2528 37)3 5 l. 10150 2 ( ) 2 g(m1) (cfu) 1. 10150 35
30300 5 3 2 1. (2528) (150m1) (15mm*150mm) ( 9cm) (18mm*18mm) (121 20min ) 2. (GB 4789.28 4.77 ) -- ( GB 4789.28 4.79 ) ( GB4789.28 4.80 ) (GB 4789.28 4.82 ) (GB 4789.28 3.24 ) 1. 250500g 2. 1020g 150ml 12cm 12min 10 75 l2min 3. ( ) 10 ( ) 5 100 2528 57 1 100 36
37 2 12 25 28 514 3 (1) (2) ( ) ( ) (3) (4) (5) (6)
38 ( ) (Aspergillus) (Penicillium) ( )
39 (Fusarium) 0.5 1.0cm 0.30.5cm 0.10.2cm 12(3) 4 1 2
40 3 9cm 2528 4 5 95 47