( ),,,,,,,,,, 181,,,,,,,,,,? (1842 ),, 163
,,,,?,,,,,,,,, ;,,,, :,,,,, :,,, :, : :,,,,,,,,, : 1, 1962, 403 164
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,, :, :,,,,, 1996 3 1, 193 196 ; : 1, 1957, 85 J1 K1 Fairbank: T rad e and D ip lom acy on the Ch ina Coast, V o l. I, p. 116.,, 1992 165
,,,, 1843, 10,, 4%,, (1861 ) :,,, ;,, (1836 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 50,,, (1843 ), (1844 ),, : 20, 11 166
, 20, : 34,, 2, 34,,,, 50, 10, 10,, 312896,,,,,,,, 24%, :, :,,,,,,,,, B. P. P. : R etu rns of the T rad e of V a rious P orts in Ch ina, F or the Y ears 1847 1848, 1, 578 579 H. C. Sirr: Ch ina and the Ch inese, 1, 559 560 Ch inese R ep ository, V o l. X IV, 1, 542 167
,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,, ;, 10, 10,,, 9, 9 10, 17 10,,,, 2 8 9 10 11 14 16 21 23 24 30,,,, 168
,,,, 10 ( ),,, 85,,,, ; 85,, : (A ), 17 10 : 7068 2 9 11 16 1084 1 9 11 16 22 26 (B ), 19 1844 8, : 8880 ( ) 3712 (C), : 2131 533 (D ) (B ) (C), 19 8, : 11011 ( ) 4245 169
(B ) (D ),, 170, (B ) 19 8,, 19 1800, (B ),,,,,, :, 40, 40 ;,, (B ) (C), 60, 118 (D ), 40, 60, 1844 8, 19 447112, 492852, ( 80 ),,, 1843 1844,, 1149000 ; 1844 1845, 6433, 3801000 S. W. W illiam s, 1844 5087, 1844, 1843 1844 1843 1844, 1844, 19 :, 43% ;, 83% 19 1844, T he Ch inese Comm ercia l Gu id e, 1, 567 R etu rns of the T rad e of V a rious P orts in Ch ina, F or the Y ea r 1847 1848, 1, 579 170
1844 1845,,,,,, 8 10,, 1844 472902,,,,,,,,, : (A ) 166485 (B ) 18 281171 (C) (B ) 89845 (D ) 19 (B ), 1844, 371016, 19 78%,,,,, : (1) B, 1, 560 171
C D E ; (2) ; (3) (1) B,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,!,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 172
,,,,,, (1) C ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (1) C ( ) 173
,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (1) D ( ),,, :, ;, ;, ;,,,,,,,,,, 174
(1)D,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (,,,,,, ) (1) E 175
,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,, (1) E ( ) :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 176
,,,, (2) (, ) 100 619 9 619 609 9, 609 800 9, 196 ; 2, 604 177
,,,, (2) (, ) 100 619 9 619 609 9, 609 800 9, 196 ; 2, 604 177