Ξ,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,, :,,, Ξ,,!,,,, 2005, 469,,,,,, :,, 2001, 440 443, 24, ( 22,2006 5 ),,,,
/,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,, ( ),,, ;,,, 1933,, ( ) ( ), 1988,,,, :,, ; :,,,,, 20,,,,,, :,,, 2001, 299 :, 2004 2 :, 2006, 35 :,, 285 1932 ( ( ), 1997, 74 ),, 1933 6,, ( ) : (1988 ),, 1989, 18 : (1988 ),, 1989, 32 34 25
2008 6,,,,,,,,, 1933,,,, ;,,,, 4, 4 1988,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,, ;,,,,, :,,, 1998, 201 203,, 270 :, 1992, 81 :,, 18 : (1988 ),, 10 12 :,, 2001, 162 167 :, ( ), 2003, 378 381 :,,,,,,, :,, 2001, 168 26
/,,,,,, (, ),,,,, ;,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,, (, ),,,,,, ( 14),,,,,,, ( ),, :,,,, :,, 2004, 330,,, 2007, 217 218 177,! ( 22,2006 5 ),,,, 2001, 234 235 ( ), 176,, :, 1980, 1224 :, 1984, 178 27
2008 6,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;, ;, ;, :,,,,, :,,, ;,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;, ;,,,,,,,,, :, 2001, 4 5 1932 :,, :, ( ), 222 ( ),, :, 1980, 68,,,,, 218 219, 1928 :,, ;,, :,1928, 1, 1984, 422, :, 1963, 252 254 :,, 234,,, ( 1936, 37 ), ;, 28
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:,,, ;,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,, (, ),,,, ;,,,, 2008 6,,,,, ;,,,,, 20 19 ;,,, 1926 :,,, :, 1941 6, 492 496 1041 :,, 285 ( 3 ),, :, 156 159,,, 159 166,, 2001 11,, 5, :,, 11 12 30
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;,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,, 2008 6,,,,,,,?,?,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,, :, 484 : (1988 ),, 18 : (1988 ),, 32 34,,,,,,, 12 ;,, 8 11 32
/, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,, :,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,, ;,,,,, ;,,,,,, :, 27,,,,,, (, 1998, 97 ), ;, ;,,,,,, 169 175 :, 1983 2 1982 6,, 20 80, :,, 380,, ;,,,,,, : (1927 ), (8), 1981, 190,,, :1932, 2008 3 (1934 ),, 248 33
2008 6,,,,,, :,,, ;,,,, ;,,,, (, ),,, : :,, ;,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) ;, ;,,, ;,, ( 1985 ) ( 1992 ),, : 1, 2003, 442 : (1934 ),, 381 :, : 3, 558 559 :,,,, :, 4, 1990, 544 555 556, 34
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2008 6,,,,,, ;,,,?,,, :,,,?!,,,,,,,, :,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,, ;,, :,, 188 189, Wang Fan2shen, Fu Ssu2nien : History and Politics in Modern China (Cambridge, U K and New York : Cambridge University Press, 2000), pp. 153 157 ; (Axel Schneider),, :, 2008, 193 : (1927 ),, 1993, 10,, (,,,, 1978, 17 94 ),, :, 88 90 36
/,,, ;,,, :,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (qualification) :,, ;,,,,,,, :,,,,, :, :, 20 49 125 : ( ), 2003 4,,, 4, 552 553, :,, 344,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,, ( ), 75 :,, 284 285 :,, 381 382,, 322 37
2008 6,,,,,,,,,, 1919, :,,,,,,, ;,,,,, :, ;,,,,,,,, 1948 :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,, :,, 284 285 :,, 126,, 2,1919 12 14, 1998, 102,,, 154 2,1919 12 14, 102, :, :,, ;,,,,,,,,! : (1927 ),, 255 : :,,,,,,, 1997, 168 169, :,, 262 263 38
/, ;,,,,,,,,?,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (, 251 ), :,,,,,, 1964, 660,,, ( ),, 167 233 39
2008 6,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1919,,,,,,,,,,,, 1933,,,, 1942 :,,,,,,,,,,,,? (, ),,,,, ;, ;,, 1924,, : (1927 ),, 12, :, ;, ;, ;,,,,, ;,, ;,,,,, ; :,, 319 332,,,,, 2,1919 12 14, 102,, 453 492, (1942 9 23 ),, 244 246,,,,,, 40
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2008 6,,,,,,,, ;,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,610064 ( : ),,,, ( ), (1957 2 6 ),, 279,,, 289 290 ( :, 2001 11 ),,, 1942,,,,,,, (, 144 145 ),,,, :,,, ( :, 1999, 50 56 ) ;, 44