1. 2 3 4
1 2 3 1% 7% 0.5%
1 B b
BB BB BB bb BB Bb bb bb bb
Bb Bb BB Bb bb Bb bb Bb bb
D d DD dd dd dd Dd dd
M mm Mm m Mm mm mm
0.1 S s Ss Ss Ss Ss ss Ss SS Ss ss Ss
2 Ss Ss E e SS Ss Ss ss ss Ss SS ss ss
aa, bb, cc, dd Aa Aa Bb Bb AA aa Bb bb AAbb aabb AaBb
3
4 U U PTC
5
V
6 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
7
8 ABO IA IB i I A i I B i I A I B I A I A I B I B I A I B ii I A i I B i A AB O B
1 AD A 1~22 D B b BB Bb bb
β B Th B Th B Th B th B th B th
35~40 39 38 34 29
2 AR A 1~22 R B b BB Bb bb
Hb s Hb A Hb s Hb s
ATP ADP 1- -1-1-
3 X XD X D B b X X B X B X B X b X b X b X B Y X b Y D
4 X XR X R B b X X B X B X B X b X b X b X B Y X b Y A
G 6 PD{ -6-P- }
5 Y Y H-Y
1 2 3 4
2n=2X=16 2n=4X=32 :,,,
1 2 2n=2X ( 0.5 1.0cm) 0.05% 2 4h 0.075M 8-2 4h (4 ) 24h ( 2 24h )
4 2n=4X ( 0.2 0. 5 cm) 0.1-- 0.2 % 2 4d, 1.0 1.5cm ( 2 24h
2 1 1mol/l 65ºC 10min 2 10 min 3 4
1,DNA G1 S G2
2
3
4
5
6
1 2 3
1 2
2n=16
1 24 95% 80% 70% 2 3 6
4 10 5 6
1 2
(Drosophila melanogasler 2n =8) 400
2000 3 24 :, 13600,,, ( )
1 2 3 4 (w) (vgvg) (ee) 5
+
W e vg
( 5 3
45
18 ( ) 18 ( ) 22 ( ) 22 ( )
1 2
1 2 ; 3
2 1 3
polytenic chromosome giant chromosome salivary chromosome
puff
( )
:
1. 2.
( / )
1 2 3
++ ee X w X w X w Y vgvg
vgvg ++ ++ vgvg ee ++ ++ ee
++vgvg ee++ ee++ ++vgvg
X w X w ++ ++ X w Y
12 8
F 1 F 2
. :
1 X 2 2 3
barr
1 barr 2 barr 3 barr 4
X barr 2n=46(XX) X
2n=46(XX)
2n=47(XXX)
Barr Barr
1mol/LHCl 3-5 15-20
: barr
1. barr 2. barr