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1 3 5 1 007 83 009 1 3 bureaucratic organization 6-7 5 P 008 E 107
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Abstracts 016 near future. Key Words U. S. European Union Hamas Palestinian-Israeli Issue Author CHEN Tianshe Ph. D. Professor School of History Zhengzhou University 7 AKP s Constitutional Amendments and Development of Turkish Democratic Politics Abstract Turkey is the most democratic Islamic country in the Middle East. The 198 Constitution which is still in force is known for strengthening president s power maintaining special authority of military restricting the space of party politics and the freedom of civil rights which makes Turkey authoritarian statist and tutelary. When AKP came to power it actively amends the 198 constitution to break through the constitutional framework of tutelary democracy. The Constitution amendments in 00 weakened military power. The Constitution amendments in 007 paved the way for direct election for president. The Constitution amendments in 010 aimed at restructuring the national judicial institutions according to the rule of law and pluralism. Now the AKP government is seeking a new democratic constitution. The AKP s constitution amendments aim to weaken the function of Kemalism and construct plural national identity. They also prove the compatibility of modern Islamism and democratic politics. Through a series of constitution amendments AKP becomes a dominant party in Turkey which embodies the paradox of Turkish democratization. Key Words Turkey AKP Constitutional Amendment Democratic Politics Author LI Yanzhi Associate Professor School of History Liaoning University 90 Egypt s Political Transformation and Its Dilemmas since the Middle East Upheavals Abstract There were three phases in Egyptian democratization after the great changes in the Middle East. In the launching phase of democratization the protest camp constituted by religious groups liberal democrats and young protesters overthrew the rule of Hosni Mubarak while the military and judicial departments maintained their power. In the establishing phase of democratic system the military and judicial departments temporarily allied with religious groups pushed constitutional amendment and three elections. Two formers reserved their power and the latter won elections. In the operating phase of democratic system while religious groups represented by Mohamed Morsi were keeping expanding power the military judicial departments liberal democrats and young protesters formed a secular ally and subverted the morsi government. Key Words Egypt January 5 Revolution Political Transformation Democratization Author DING Xuxiang 013 Ph. D. Candidate School of Marxism Peking University 11 On Jordan s Early Modernization and Its Characteristics Abstract The development of Jordanian modernization in early stage is quite low. Viewed from its ideology the recent Jordanian modernization is a kind of Mixed Modernization. Perceived from its origin Jordanian modernization is exogenous modernization. Jordan s early-stage modernization started from military modernization and then extended to the political social and other fields gradually. In the early stage of Jordanian modernization colonialism played a duel role. On one hand it accelerated the transformation of the modernity of the country and its people on the other hand it awakened people s national consciousness which led to the overthrown of the colonial system. Key Words Jordan Mixed Modernization Exogenous Modernization Military Modernization Political Modernization Author LI Xi Lecturer Arabic Department School of Oriental Languages and Cultures Xi an International Studies University 10