( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

,,,, 134, 90% 21 ( ), 49 ( ),,,, 18, 13. 45%,, 2/ 3 3, 2,, 2 ( ) ;, 1

,,,,, : 1.,,, 12,,,, ph,,, 2.,,,,,,, 3.,,,,, 4.,,,, 5.,, 2

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1. : C E A,, 100 C 850 1500, 3 7, 170 300 ; 100 A 100,, A,, A E 52 ( 100 ), :,, : 5. 44% 12. 5% : 0. 45%,, : 7% 18. 81% : 3

,,, C, 2. ; 0. 71%, 18. 5%, 14. 7%, ( ),,,, 1985,, 1985 6 12,,,,, 3.,, 4

,,,,,,, 5

2 4, 10,,,,,,,, ;, ;,,, 3 6, 4 7,,,,,,, ;, 1 2,,,, 1 2,,, 7 12, ;,, 4,,,,, 4 8, 12,, 6 8, 5 10, 6

,, 0. 23, 0. 46, 0. 015,,,,, 3 4, 2 3, 1. 6 2. 2,,,,,,,, ;, ;,, ;,, 1 2, 4 6, 4 5, 10 15, 30 3 4, 8 10,, 3,,,,,, - 50 ;, 60,,,,,,,,, 30 50, 7

10, 2 5, 2 3,,,,,,,,, 8

,, :, :,, 1.,,,,,,,, ph 8. 0,,, 2., 20 30, 30, 25,,,,,,,,,,,,, 9

, 3.,,,,,,,,,,, 2500 4000 50, 25 12. 5 15 10,,,,, 4.,, 3 5 :,,, : 1. : ( 1), : ; ; ( 2),, 5 9 10,, 14 16, 10

, ( 3) 4, 55000, 3. 5 4. 5 ( 4) 0. 5% 2,, : : 40 60 (, ), 1 2, 1 3,,,,,, 10 15, 30% 40% :,,,, 1 2,, 5 6, 30% 40%,,,,, ( 5),, 20 25, 10 15, 2 3,,, 2 2. 5,,,,,,,,,,,, 5 7, 15, 4, 10 14, ( 6) ( 11

),,,,,,, ( 7),,, ( 3 ), 10,, 18cm, 2.,, : ( 1), 3 4 ( 4 ) ( 2) :, 1 2,,, 6, 12 15,, 10 12,, 13 15,,,,,,,, 3 4, 4 5,, 25 50, : 0. 005% 0. 01% 2 3, ( 12 16 ),, 0. 006% 12

2 3 4 5, 20 25, 1 A BT 1 95% 0. 5, 0. 5 0. 1%,, 10 20, 2 3 30 1, 3 4 2 3, 0. 5 1, 15 20 ( ) 50 100, 5 3 4,, 15 20 3 4 0. 01% 0. 02% 16 24,,, 2 25,,,, 10, 15 20,,,,, 0. 1% 0,,,,,, 90%, 10% ( 3) 13

:, 3 20,, 3 7, 2. 5 3, 470,,, 20 25, 30 35, 90% 100%, 60 90%,, 25 70 :, 20 30, 2/ 3, 3,,,, 8 12, 3. ( 1) 4 6, 2 3 1 ( 2), 2 3 1,,,,, ( 3), 15 20 ( ),,, 100, 0 5 ( 4),, 3 4 14

,,, ( ),,,,,, 1.,,,,,, 2 3,, 2., 30 35 35, 25, 30, 15 25 50,,,, 3., 3 4,,,,,, 4. 10,, 10 6 8,, 100 150, 15

10 15, 3 1 4 1,, 5 6 30, 8 5 7. 5,,, 5.,,,,,, 3 5,,, 3 7, 20, 4000 5000 : ; ; 0. 002% 0. 004%,, 6., ( 1),,, :,,,,,,,,,,,, 5 7 1% 3% 1) ( ) 2) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 16

3), 4),, ( 2), 1),,,, 4 5, 7 10,, : : 50% 0. 3 0. 5, 5, 50, 30 1, ( ),,,, 50 500, 50 1 0. 05, 50 5% 0. 25,,, 90% 500, 5% 1000 1500,,,,,, 2) 4, 5,, 21 22,,,,, 17

: :, 5%, 1. 5 2, : 50 40%, 1 2 : 90% 0. 5 50, : 30, 45,,, 3),,, 15, 10,,,,, :, 5, 50% 250 300, 3 5 25 30,,,,, 80%, 50% + 50% 1000 1500,, 90% 0. 5 50,,,, 80%,,,,, 3, 100% 4),, 18

:, 80% 1000 20% 2000, 7, 2 3, 1 2, 93. 3% 100%, ;,,,,,,, 7.,,,,, ( 0 5 ), 19

,,,, : 1.,,,,,,,, 2.,,,,, 30,,, 20

,,, 3.,,,, ( 1),, : 1), ;, 4 5 5 9 10 ;,,,,,, 2),,, 3 3. 5 ;,,,, 2 3, 1. 5 2 ;,,,,, 400 600, 20 30, 1 1. 5 ;,,,, 1. 5 2 ;, 21

,, 6 7 50 60,, 6 8, 0. 4 0. 6, 800,,,, :, 2 3,,, 3 5, 20%, 2 1, ( 2), : 1),,, 20 30 ; ;, 2), ;, ;,,,, 0. 3 0. 8 1 2, 20 30, 1 2,,,,, 3) 22

,, 70% 80%,, 10% 30%,,,,, 2 3, 2 3,,,, 4),,,, :, : 2 3,,, : 0. 1%, 0. 1%, ; A BT 3, ( ) ; 0. 004% 6 8, ;, 50 100, 1. 5 2. 5, 2. 5, 0. 5 0. 5 50,,,, 23

,,,, 20% 50%, 20 5),, 0. 5 1, 1 1 1 1. 5, 1332 666 444, ;,, 1. 5 2 2 2 2 3,,,,,,,,,,, 5 ( 3) ; ; ;,, : 1) 1 2,, 3 4 2),, ; 2 3 3), ( 4), 1), 2 3 1, 30 24

40,, 40 60,, 2 3,,, 2) ( ), 2 3,,,,, : 3 5, ;,,,, 45,, ( 5),,, ( ) 1 1. 5, 20 30,, 30 40,, 1 3, 50 3,,,, 10, 5,,, 5 6, ( 6) 1 2, 0. 5 0. 7, 10 20, 25

, 9 1 8 2, 0. 5,, :, ( ) 2 3,,,, 20 30,,,,, 4.,,, 3 6, 10, 1 2,,,, 5.,,,,,,,, ( 1) 400, 26

,, ( 2),,,, 40 60,,,,,, 1., ;,,, 1 2,,, 85%,,, 40% 80%, 1 2,,, 2.,, 27

( 1),,,, 3 4, ( 2),,,,, 3.,,, 5% 6%, 16% 45%,, 2 3,, ;,, 3 5,, ; ; ;, : ( 1),,,,, : 10 15,,, ( 2),,, 4., ( ), 28

, ;,,,,, 3 5,,,,,, 5., ( 5 / ),,,,, 5 10, 7. 5 14. 5, 2 3,,,, 10,,,,,,,, 6.,,,,,,,, ( 1) 1),,,,, ;, ;, 29

2),,,,, ;,,, 3),,, 2 2. 5 ;, ;,,, ( 2) ;,,,,,,, ( 3) 1),,, 2),,,,, 3),,,,,,,,,,,, 30

,, ;,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,, 2 2. 5, 1. 5 2,,,,,,,,, 60 10 20 ( ) 3 4,, 10 20 ;,, 20 30, ;,,,,, ( ), ( ), 1, 150, 3 4, ( ),, ( ), 1, 200, 4 5 3 5,,,,,, 4 6, 31

:, ;, ;,, ; ( ) ; :,,,,,,,,, ; (, ) 7.,,,,,,, ( 1), ; 4 6 ; 3 4,, 5 6 ;, 2 3 ;,,,, 20 30, ( 2),,, ( 3),, ;,,, ; 32

, ;, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 8., : ( 1),,,, : 1),,,,, 2),,, 80% ( 40% ) 1000, 3) 10 30,, 2 4, 45 ( ),, 2 4 40% 50% 5,,,,, 33

0. 03 0. 04,,, ( 2),, : 1),, 2) 3000 1000 2000, 3), 90% 2000, 4),, ( 3),,,,, 2. 5% 5000 ; ( 4),, : 1),,, 2),, 5000,, 34

3), 40% 2000, 50% 3000, 20% 500, 100% 4) :, 5),,,,,, ( 3 5 ),,,, ( 5),,, : 1), 2) 1 3,,, 3000 5000 3), 4) 3, 2. 5%,, 9., 18 22,,,, 35

,,,,,,,,,,,,, 300 400 ;, 40 80 ;, 666,,, ;, (,,,,,, 8 2,,, ),,,,,,,,, ;,, 36

,,,,, (, 1991), 1970, 6. 8, 124 5, 10 18,, 1987 10, 1990 55 : 1.,, 5 1 8 1,, 10 1 14 1, 2.,, ; 30, 0. 4 ;, 15 3 3., 2 2 2 2 1. 5, 2 4 2 3 3 4,, 4. ( 1) ( 2), 37

,, ( 3), 98% 5. ( 1) 4 8 10,, ( 2) 1988 10, 0. 5% 0. 2% 9 ( = 1 2 3), 200, 1989 4 300,,,, ( 3),,,,, ( 4), 200, 0. 02%, 5 7 40% 1000, 8 80% 1000,, 6., 1987, 1990 1, 70, 3 15, 1, 2 222, 1990 101, 55,, 32. 7% 38

1., : ( 1),,,,,, 250 2500 /, 30% 70%,,,,, ( 2),,,,,,,,,,,, ( 3), 0. 5, 10, 39

, C. H.,,,, ( ) ;, 2.,,, ( 0 5 ),,,,,, 2 3, 3,,,, V C, E P,,, 40

,,,,,, 1.,,,,,,, 60% ( 1857, 1 ),,, 85, 0. 5, 15, 1 20 2. 2 3 ( ),,,,, 2 3, 1,,,,,,, 30%,,,, : 0. 5 8, 1 10, 2 15, 20 20 25 3.,,,, 1 1,,, 35%, 4., 1 3,, 7 45 50,,, 5. 200, 20 41

( 1. 5, 2 ), 80, 1,, 6 10,, 2 3,, 40,, ( ), 6. 1, 1,,,,, 1,,,, 40 50,,, 7. 50,,, 1,,,,,,,, 8.,, 1 2,,,,,,,, 40%, 1 2 2, CO 2,,,,,,, 42

9., 450, 400 :,, 400,,,,,,,,, 90 100 3 4,, 10., 30%, 2 3, 80, 1. 2 1. 5 10,,,, 45 50, 11. 1 10 10, C 12. 2 3,, 30%,, 2 3, 7 40,, 43