(CIP) : /. :, 2004 ISBN 7-5045-4694-1... - - -. U472 CIP ( 2004 ) 093307 ( 1 : 100029 ) : * 787 1092 16 15. 5 336 2004 11 1 2004 11 1 : : 26. 00 : 010-64929211 : 010-64911190 : http: / / www.class.com.cn : 010-64911344
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(2 ) 2528, 57,,,,,,,, R12 R134a R12,,,,, R134a 2000, R12 R12 R134a, R134a, ( R12 ), R12 (3 ) 30% 70%,,,,,,,,, (4 ) 2030 m 3 / h, 0. 19%,,,,,,,,, ( ), 15
( ),,,, 45% 55% 6. (1 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : 1) 2),,, 3),, (2 ) 1),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 16
,,, X Z,,, 2), ( ), 2 :, ;,, 3),,,, (3 ) 7.,,,,,,, 3,,,, 60 k m/ h,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 17
( ), 1. 8 L,, 20%, 120 km/ h, 14%, 1.,,,,,, 7, 1,,,, 1, 0. 65, 2. 63, 1, 1015,, :, (1 ),, 10%, 50%, 10%, 20%, 10 %, 7 300, 10, 2 4S,,,,,,, (2 ),,,,,,, 20 80, 18
80%, 1 000, 21. 7%,,, (3 ) 15%,,, 120, 3, 2002, 33, 40%, : 1 30 m 2, 100 m 2 3, 1 1 60 ( 10 ), 1 100 m 2 5 400, 1 100 m 2 1 2 0003 000;,,,,,, (4 ),,, (5 ), 60%, 1, 20 60 70, 4, 11,,,, (6 ),, (7 ),,, 21,,, (8 ),,,,,,, (9 ) 19
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,, 3.,,,,,,,,,, 1995 8, 1996 5,,,, 4. (1 ),,,,, (2 ),,,,,,,,, ( ), ( ),,, ( ), ( ),,,, 21
( ) 3, 1. (1 ),,,,,,,,,, (2 ),,,,, (3 ) 3 :,,,,, ( ),, ( ),,,,,, (4 ),,,,,,,, 22
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(1 ),,,, (2 ),,, (3 ), (4 ) ( P800P2000 ), (5 ),, (6 ), (7 ) ( ) (8 ), ( ) (9 ), (10), (11) (12) (13),,, (14) (15), (16),,,,, (17) (18) (19),,, (20), (21) (22), 25
( ) (23),, 2.,,, : (1 ) : ; ;, ;, (2 ) : (3 ) : (4 ) : (5 ) : (6 ) :,,,,,,, 26
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,,,,,,,,,,, (4 ),,,,, :,,,, 0. 81. 2 m,,,,,,,, (5 ),,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,, 1., :,,,, : (1 ),,, (2 ),,,,,, 29
( ) (3 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2. (1 ), :,,,, 1),,,,?? 2),, 3),, :, :, (2 ),,,,, 2 :, ;,,,,,,,,, ( 2 ),, 3. (1 ),,, : 30
, (, ) (2 ), ;, ;,,,,,,, (3 ),,,, 3 (A, B ) : C B AB C A( ) 4.,,,,,,,,,, :! 15,,,,,,, 1.,,,,,,,,,, 9%, 16%, 35%, 40%,,,,,,, 31
( ) :,,,,,, : : :,,,, :,,,,,,,,, ;,, 2.,, 7 :,,,,,,,,,, (1 ) :, ;,,, : 1) ( ),, 2), 32
, 3),, 2,,, (2 ),, : 1),, 2), :,,,,,, 3),,,,,,,,, 4),,,,,,,,, 5), 35 (, 125, 400600 ),,,,,,, 33
( ),, 6),,,,, 3.,,,, 3 : (1 ),,,, :, 1, 1, :, :,,, 2,, :?,, (2 ),,,,,,,,, ( ), (3 ),,,,,,,? 1. :,, 34
,, (1 ),,, ;,,,, :, ;, ; ;,, (2 ),,,, (3 ),,,,, (4 ),,?? 2.,,,,, : (1 ),,, :, (2 ),, : ( ), ( ),,,, 35
( ), :,,,, ( ) 1.,,,,,, :,,,,,, ( ) ; ;,,,,, : (1 ) (2 ), (3 ) ( ) (4 ),,, (5 ),,, (6 ), (7 ), (8 ),,, (9 ) (10),,, (11) (12),, 36
,, (13) (14) (15), 2. (1 ),,, (2 ),,,, (3 ),,,, (4 ),,,,,,,,,,,, 1.,,,,, 45,,,,,,,, 37
( ) 2.,, 34 1 ;,, 23 1,,, 3.,,,,,,,, 4.,,,,,, 5.,,,,,,,,,, 45, 20 m,,,,,,,, ( ), :,, 6., 2003 200, 90 %,,,,,, 38
,, 6,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3, 1.,,,,,,, (1 ) 1),,,,,,,, 2),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3),,,, 39
( ),,,, (2 ),,,, 1),,,,,,,,,, 2),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3),,,,, U V,,,,,,,, 5H ( 1H ),,,, ; (3 ) 1),, 40
,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2),,, 25km/ h,, 3),,,,,, 4),,,, 5),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (4 ) 1),,,, 2),,,,,,, 41
( ) 3),,, 4), 5),,,,, 6), ; ; 7),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 8),,,,,, 2.,, ( ), (1 ),,, 42
,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (2 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (3 ),,,, 0,,,, ;,,,,, (4 ),,,,,,, 43
( ),,,,,,,,,, 4 (5 ),,,,, (6 ),,,,,,, (7 ),,,, (8 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3. 56,,,,,,,,, : (1 ),,,, (2 ), 44
,,,,,,,, (3 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (4 ),,,,,,,,,,,, (5 ),, 0. 5 mm,,,, (6 ),,,,,,,,, (7 ),,,, 45
( ),,,,, (8 ),,,, (9 ) CD CD,,,,, (10) CD, CD,,,, (11),,,,,,,, (12),,,,, (13),, 23,,,,,,,,,,, 1.,, ( ),,, 2.,, 46
,,,, 3.,,,,,,,,, 4.,,,,,,,,, 5.,, (1 ),,,,, (2 ),,, (3 ) 2,,, 2, (, ) 1., ( ) 2. ( ) 3. ( ) 4., ( ) 5.,, ( ) 47
( ) (, 1, ) 1., A. B. C. D. 2., A. B. C. D. 3. A. B. C. D. 4.,, A. B. C. D. 5., A. B. C. D. 1. 2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. A 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. C 1. :, : 2. :,, 48
,,,, 90% ( ),,,,,,,, 10, 1. (1 ),,, (2 ),, 49
( ) (3 ),,,, (4 ),,, 100 m,,,,, 2.,, : (1 ),, ( ),, (2 ),,, (3 ),,,, (4 ),,,, 3. ( )( ) 4 (1 ),,, 50
, ( ) ( ) ( ), (2 ),,,,,, ( ) (, ) ( ) (3 ),,,,,,,, ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (4 ) 10, 5 %, : ; ; ;, 4. 3 : 20 20 () 60 ( ) 80 ( ) 20,, : 17 (1 ) : : 1), 51
( ) 2),,,, :,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,, 3) ( ),,,,, = 1( 2. 55 ), ( ), 4),, (6070),,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,, 52
,,, (2 ), 3 1) 2 : ; ( ),,, ( ),, ( ),,,,,, : ( ),,,,,, 2),,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,, (,, ),,,, 53
( ),,, 3) 2,,,,,,, 2, VOC ( ),,,,,,, 5,,, 22 28, 60% 80%,, 5. (1 ) 1) H06 13,, X06 1,, 80, H06 2 6070 g/ m 2 H06 5,,, 2) F06 9,,, 2, 20 m C06 10 ( ),,, 30 min, 10011060 min,,,,, 120 g/ m 2 3) C06 17 ( ),, 54
,,, 131SR,,, 131SR 3608S AD345, 131SR AD345 (3608S ) = 10. 8 (),, 4) H06 10,,,,,, 2, 2448 h, 2030 mh06 2 J43 1 L40 3 H04 3 H01 4, 250 g/ m 2 44 R, 830, 1020 R,,,, 5) T06 5,,,,,, 200,,,,, 120, 24 h, F53 9,,,,, 200, : 1 ; 1, 2 ; 2, 80 g/ m 2 6),, 55
( ),,,,,,, : 70 80 m,,,, ; (O H ) 70 10 min,, 150200 g/ m 2 : 1,, ( ) ( 100 ),, 2,, ( ) 3,, 6101 ( ),,, 4,,, 24 h,, 23 6 5080 m,,,,, 50 g/ m 2 7), 70% 80%,,,,,,,,,,,,, a.,,,,,, 56
, b., 15 m,,, c. 0. 52 m,,,,,, d. 0. 52 m,,,,, e.,,,, a. Q07 5, b. 779R,,,,, a. 1 kg, 0. 80. 9 kg, 0. 250. 30 kg, :,,,,,, : b. (200 ) : 200, : c. 78 kg, 23 kg, :,, : (2 ),, : 1),,, 57
( ) 2,, 2),,,,,,,,,,, 3),, ( ),,,,, 1040 R ( ) / ( ),,,,, 1997 : 1141S ( )1144S ( )1147S ( )1010 R 125S 1025S ; LE2001 ( )LE2004 ( )LE2007 ( )256S A K260 [ XK203 ( )XK205 ( ) XK206 ( ) ] [XB383 ( )XB387 ( ) ] [ LE2031LE2035 ( ) ] 4),,,,,,,, ( ) (3 ) 1), 58
,,,,, 7 :,,,,,,, (, ) ( 12 ),, ( 40 2, > 90 % ),,,,,,,,, 120140, 2030 min, (,, ),,, 2) : ( 2 ) ( ) 3),, Q04 2 59
( ),, C04 2, G04 9,,,,,,, B04 54, 7182,,, OEM, : C500 C5000 3700S, AX1060S, 3200S, G2 4500S, G2 4700S, 696S, 676S, HC 7600S, 7700S, 120S 676S, G2 4500S,,, G2 4700S,,,, HC 7600S,, 501015 min, 30 min ; 1. 52 h,, ( < 10 min), 3700S,,, (4 ) metallic paint,,,,,,,,,, 60
,,,,,,,,,,,, 4 C600 C6000 (5 ) 3 :, ;, ;, + + 80 m 2 ( V OC ) 10 kg, 125 g/ m 2,, 1) VOC, 50% 1 6 kg, 15%, 85%,,, VOC 27 g/ m 2 VOC 80%,, 20 90,,,, 2% 15%,, 2), 1990,, 1994 1, 1998 2, 1 000 SMAR T 61
( ),, VOC, 11. 5 kg,,,,, 3),, 60%, 10% 20 %, 1/ 3, 70 20 min, PPG D893, 50%,,,,,, SCA Microgel,,,,,,,,, : 3700S G2 4500S HC 7600S 5035 6000 LE2000, ( V OC) 6.,,, ; ; ; ;,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,, 62
,,, (1 ),,,,, 4,,,, (2 ),,, ;,,,,,,,, (3 ),,,,,,,,,,,,, (4 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,, (5 ),,,,,,,,,,,, 3,,,, 63
( ) 1., (1 ) 1),,,,,,,, 2), ( ), 3),, 4),, ( ),, 0. 7 MPa,,, 5),,,, 6),,,,, 7), (2 ),, : 1),,, 2), 3),,,, 4), 64
2. (1 ),,,,, (2 ),,,,,, ( ),,, (3 ),,,,,,, (4 ) ( ),, ( ),,,,, (5 ),,,,,,, ( ), ; ; 65
( ),,,,,, ; ;, ;,,,, 1.,,, : (1 ), (2 ),,,,,,,, (3 ) 100 %, 2 :,,,,,, 2.,,,,,,, 2, 66
(1 ),,,,,,, (2 ),,, (3 ), 1 3,,,,, (4 ) 2 24, ;,,,,,,, (5 ),,,,,, 3.,,,,,, 100,,,,, 2 :,,,,,,,, 1. ( ),,,,,,,, 67
( ) 2.,,,, ( ),, ; ; ; ;, 1., (1 ),,,,,,,, ( 100 km/ h),, (2 ), (3 ), (4 ) ( 9598), (5 ), 68
(6 ) ABS ASR ),, 21 2. ( ),,,, 21,,,,,, 1.,,,, : ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ; S,, 69
( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 22 2. (1 ),, (2 ), 22, (3 ),,,, 3.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 70
, 1997,, 66% 59% ( 2 ), 42% 36%, 70, 1999, 26 %,,,,,,, : (1 ),,,, (2 ),, 1. 8 2. 2,,, 55% 38%,, (3 ), :,,,,,,,,,, 23 4. (1 ) 23 1) 71
( ),, 2),,,,,,, 3),, (2 ) 1) 2),, 3),,,,,,, (3 ), 2 5., ( ), ( ),,, () : (1 ) ( ),, ( ) (2 ), ( ) ( ),, ;,,,,,, ;, (3 ) ( ),,,,, 72
,,,,,, 6. () ( ),,,, (), (1 ),, ( ) ( 8 ),,,,,,,,,,,, : 1),,, 1. 01. 2 mm,,,,, ( ),,,, 2),, 3),, 4),, 5),,,,,,, (2 ),,,, ( ), 73
( ), : 1) 90,,, 2),,,,, ; ; :,, 3) :,,, 4), 5),,,,,, :, 6),,,, 7),, ;, ; ;, 8),,,,,,, (3 ),,, 3 : 1),,,, ;, 2),, 74
,,,,,,,,,, 3),,,,,, (4 ),, 8. 89 cm, 16 cm, 5 000 :, 24%, 585,,, 40%, 20 60,,, 3 :,, 13 mm,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3 mm,,,,,,,, 75
( ),,, 1.,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 8, 2 20 70,, ABS ( )PVC ( )PS ( ),,,,,,,,,,,, 2.,,,,,,,,, 76
, 8090,,,,,,, ( ),, 1. : (1 ),,,,, (2 ),,, (3 ),, 2. ( ) ( DVD ) (1 ) ( ), ( ), ( ), (), Hi Fi Fi, Hi, 1), 2) ( ) CD ( DVD DVD ), ( ) ( ) 77
( ),, 120 mm, 1. 2 mm, 0 1,,,,,,, 1520 000 H z,, 1. 25 m/ s, 0, 200 r/ min,,, 75 min,, : + ( CD) + ( CD) + + ( ) ( CD) + + MD + ( CD) + DVD + T V + + () MD + + ( CD) M P3 (2 ) ( ),,,,,,,,,,,, (, ) (, ),,, (3 ),,,,, 96,,,, TV, ( TV), 78
,, ( TV), ( TV),,, VCD/ DVD,,,,,,,, TV,,, 3., ( ),, : (1 ), DIN 183 mm ( ) 50 mm ( ) 153 mm (), 180 mm ( ) 100 mm ( ) 153 mm ( ),,,, (2 ),,, ; CD ( ADVA NCED ESP), CD 3 s, CD,,,,,, 7080, - 40-30,,, (3 ) 24 V, 12 V,,,,, BTL, 44 W, ( 2 4 ), 3540 V,, 79
( ), (4 ),,,,,, (5 ),, ( ),, S/ N ( / ), AGC ( ) AFC ( ),, F M ( ),,,, :,, ;, ; ( V OICE GUIDE),,,, ( DRC ), 4.,,,, 3 : (1 ), 2 : 14. 4 V/ 100 W 12 V/ 100 W 2 12 V, 12 V 12 V 12 V (2 ) T HD, ( ) T H D T HD,, T HD (3 ),,,,,, 80
,, 5.,,,,,,,, ( ),,, 220 V,,, 1., : (1 ) BK H BK668 868, BK668 868 24 24 BK668 868 3, 21 1) 1, 1, 1,,,, LED,,, 30 s 81
( ) 21 BK668 868 1 1 s / 1 2 s / 1 1 s O F F 2 1 s / 2 1 s ON 3 1 s ( ),, 30 s ( ) 30 s,, 3 30 s ( ), 2) 2, 2, 2,,, LED, 1 2, 1 ( ) 3) 2, 30 s,, 15 s, 1, 1, 1,,, LED 4) 3, 1,,,, LED 2 ( ),,, LED 5) / 1 2 s, /, 30 min, 1 2 6),, 6 s,, 7), O N,, 8), 3 82
4 5 9) KE S, 1, 2 10 ),,, 11 ) O N, 1, 6 s ON/ OF F 4, ON, 1 ; 8 s 1, 1 1, ; 2 1, 1, 1, OFF, 1 (2 ) 1),, :,, ( 25 ), 26 2,, 25 26,, 27, 83
( ) 28 27 28, 29 2), 2,,,,, 29, 100200 m,,,,,,,,,,,, 84
: ( RFID),, ;, 3),, GPS, GPS GPS, 100, 20, 1991, GPS, GPS, GPS GPS GSM,,, GSM, GPS, 2.,,,, (1 ),,,,, (2 ),,,,,,,, (3 ),,, : 1), 2),,, 85
( ) 3) :, ;, ; ( 0. 6 m), (4 ),, : 8 3. (1 ),,,,,,,,,, 50 k m/ h, 0. 1 s,, ( supplemental infla table restraint system, SRS ),,,,,, ( ), ( ) 2,,, ( ),,,, 1),,,, 2) 86
( NL R ) ( MLR ) ( ALR ) ( EL R ),,,,,,,,,,, 3) :,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 4) 5), B 210 211 210 B 211 (2 ) 20,, 87
( ),,,, SRS Airbag,, ;,,, 5090 L,,,,,,, ( John H otrich ) 1952,,,,, 2, 1953 8 18,, 30 1984, ( F MVSS208 ), 1995 9 1, 1998,,,,,,, CMVDR294,,, 1),, ( ) ( ) 2) 48 km/ h,,,, 88
,,,,,,,,,, 2 : ( ), ( ),, 2,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2550 k m/ h,,,,,,, 0. 01 s, 0. 03 s, 0. 05 s, 0. 08 s, 0. 11 s,,,,, 2000 30,,,,, 3),,,,,, 89
( ), 64%, 80 %, 130 db, ; 78%,, ;,,, 60 k m/ h, 0. 2 s, 300 km/ h, 1 764 N,,, : 300 mm, 250 mm,,,,,,,,, ACC ON, 6 s,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 8,,,,,,,,,,,, 90
,,,,,,,,, 3 000,,, 212 212 (3 ),,, 1998 : 77%, 5 mile/ h ( 1 mile = 1 609. 344 m) ; 88%,, 1997 Saturn SL2 5 mile/ h,,, 1993 Saturn, 1999, 2000 P rotg,, 24 mm,,,,, 91
( ) ;, ;,,,, ;, 4.,,,,,, ( ), 2 ;,,, ;,,,,, 1., 2 3 (1 ) 5 : 1), 2), 3), 4), 5),, (2 ), 2 : 1), 2),,,,, 92
,,,, 2,,,, (3 ), 3 : 1) 2) 3), 2. (1 ), ;,,,, 5 min, ( ),,,, (2 ) ; ; (3 ) (4 ) (5 ) (6 ) (7 ),,, (8 ),, (9 ), (10), (11) : 1),,, 2), 3) 93
( ) 4) (12),,,, ;,,,,, 3.,,, : (1 ),,,,, (2 ) :,, ;,, ;,,, (3 ),,,,,, 4.,,,, ;,, ( ),,,,, ( ), ( ), ( ) 1., 94
,, : (1 ), (2 ),,, (3 ) 50%,,, (4 ),,,,,, (5 ),, 2., P E,,,,,,,,, 3,, 1,, : (1 ),, 2,,,,,, 3, 3, 70%, 6 m,,, ( ),,, 20%,,,,,,,, 95
( ),,,,, (2 ), 50% (70% ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (3 ),, 90 s,,,,,,,,,,, (4 ) 98%, 99%,, 98 %, (5 ), 2,,,,,,,,,, 96
,,,,,, (6 ),,, (7 ),,, 3., 1996,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 4,, 3 1,, 2 PVC, PVC, 3,,,,,,,,,,,, 97
( ) 1.,,, ;, ;,, 1845,,,, 1888,,, 1895,, 1895,, 1908 1912,,,,,, 1892, 1910,,,,,, 20 50,, 1904,,,, 20 30 100 20,,, 50, 6 000 km,, (1 ),,, 5%,,,, : 1) ( ), 98
, /, 20 %, 2),,,, 3),, 20 90,,, 4), ;,, 1980, 5 db (2 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,, 180 1. 6 M Pa,,,, (3 ), : 1) 2), 99
( ),,,, ;, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( 213a), ; ( 213b ),,, ; ( 213c),,, 213 a) b ) c) 100
3), 3540, 214 4) ( 490686 kpa) ( 196490 kpa ) ( 196 kpa ) 5),, 214, 23 mm,,,,,,,,, 215 215 6) 7),,, ( H ) 101
( ) ( B) ( H/ B),, 20 20, 25%, 35 %, 1, 0. 5, 0. 4,,, (4 ), : 1), 2), 3),,,,,,,,,, ;, ;,,,, (5 ),,, D, d, B H, 3 : 1),, ( 1 in = 25. 4 mm),, 2) D B DB, 3) B d B - d,,, BH, H < B,,, H/ B, R : ( ) / ( ) R ( ) ( ) ( ) 102
: ( ) / ( ) ( ) R ( ) ( ), 195/ 65 R15 88 H 195/ 65H R15 88, 195 mm; 65 %, = 126. 75 mm ( 19565% = 126. 75) ; 15 in ; 88; H,, 22 22 ( km/ h) N 140 P 150 Q 160, R 170 S 180 T 190 U 200 H 210 V 240 Z 240 ( 240 k m/ h) W 270 Y 300 : : P, S, T, H,, 120 km/ h 216 (6 ),, 20 20 30 ; 40 ; 40 ; 50 1948,,, ( 0 ),, 40% 50%, : 103
( ) 216 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17JIS 18 KS 19 20 21 1),,,,,,, 50% 2),, 25% 30%,,,,, 6% 8%,, 3),, 14% 4),,, 5),,,, 6),,,,,, 104
7),, ( 50% ),,,,, 217 217 1 2 3 4 5 6 (7 ),,,,, 20% 25%,, 20%,,,,,,, 23 mm,,,,,,,,, (8 ),,, 105
( ),,,,,,, (9 ),,,,,,, 20 80,,, 90,, 1),,,,, 3,, 2), 2 kg, 5 ( 1 ) 10 kg,, 3), 80 % 90 %,,,,, 4), CROWN 3. 0 6. 5J 15, 6. 5 in, J (17. 27 mm),, 15 in, J, D, K, E, L 13, J 218 (10),, 218 106
,,,?,,,,, (0. 40. 8 mm ),, ( ),, 2.,, 70%,, : (1 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,, : 1),,, 2),,, 3),, 4),,,,,,,,,,, 219 107
( ) 219 5),, 6),,,, 70 000 km 3 40 00050 000 k m 2, 1. 6 mm,,,, (2 ),, (3 ),,, (4 ),,,,,, 220,, 108
220,,,,, 1. 80, T,,,,, ; ;,,,,,,,, 2, (1 ),,,,,,, :, ;, (2 ), 2 2 PVB ( ),, PVB, 109
( ),,, P VB, 40,,,,,, 100 km,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2. : (1 ), 70 % ( ) 72% (2 ) 2,,,, 1 ( ),,,, (3 ),,,, (4 ),, 110
3.,,,,,, 2,, : (1 ), 2 N m, ; ; ; (2 ), ;, 300 N, ;, 5 mm ;,, ;, (, 150 N ), (3 ) 40 000, ;, 4.,, 3 : (1 ) ( ), (2 ), (3 ),,,, ( ),,,,,,, 5.,,,,,, 111
( ),, ; (1 ),,,,,,,, 75%,,,, (2 ),,,,,,,, ( ) ( AgNO3, ),,,,,,,,, 1. 52, 10 m, 3,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1. 112
(1 ), 2, 100 m,, 2 1, 2,,,,, ( ),, 23 ;, 4 500 K, 7 000 K, 12 000 K,,, ;, 2,, ( ), 3 ;,, ;,,, 2 000 h 6 : ( 2, ),,,,,,,,,,,, 20 m,,,,,,,,,,, (2 ),, ( ), 113
( ),, 2. (1 ),,,,,,,,, 3, 2 (2 ),,,,, 15% 20%,,,,,, 1985 (3 ), (4 ),,, (5 ), ( ) 3,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3. 3 000 K, 1 2 500 K, 2 000 K,,, 114
,,, ;, 3,,, ;,,, (, ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;, 1. ( ),, 19 :, ;,, 5,,,,,, 5 : 3 ( ),,,,, 1224 in,, 1621 in 2. 115
( ),,,, : (1 ),,,, 2,, (2 ) ( ) 2,,, ; ; (3 ) 45,,,,,,,,,,, (4 ),,,,, (5 ),,,,,, (6 ),,,,,, (7 ) (8 ),,, (9 ),,, 116
,,,,,,,, (10),,,,,,,,, 2 1,,,,,,,,,,,,, 221 221 1 2 ( E CU ) 3 4 5 117
( ) 1.,,,,,,,, 2.,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3.,, 2,,,,,,,,, 4.,, 2 5., ( open) ( close), ( up) ( down) 222 6.,,,,,,, 118
222 1 2 3 4, 7 5 6 8 9,,, ; ; ( ),, 10 L,,,,,, 2 1,,, 2 1 ) (, ) 1. ( ) 2., ( ) 3. ( ) 4., ( ) 5. 3 ( ) (, 1, 1. m 119
( ) A. 30 B. 100 C. 180 D. 50 2. 4 A. B. C. D. 3. 20 70, A. B. C. D. 4., A. 3 B. 5 C. 6 D. 8 5. : A. B. C. D. 1. 2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. C 1. :,,, 2. :, 120
,,,,, 2 1.,,,,,,,,, ( ), 2.,,,, 121
( ),,,,,, p H,,,, 3.,,,,,, 4.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1. (1 ) 1) ph 7. 0, 2),, 3),, (2 ) 1) 2) 3) (3 ) 2. (1 ) 1),, 122
, 2),,,, (2 ) 1), 2) 3) (3 ) 3. (1 ) 1) ph, 2) 3), (2 ), ( ) (3 ) 4. (1 ),,,, (2 ), ( ) (3 ) 5. (1 ) 1) 2) 3), (2 ) 1) 2) 1 min 3) (3 ) (4 ) 6. (1 ) 123
( ) 1) 2) 3), (2 ) 1), 2) (3 ) 1) 2) (4 ), 7. (1 ) 1) 2), 3), 4),,, (2 ) 1),, 2) 3) (3 ) (4 ), 8. (1 ), (2 ) 1) 2), 3) 20 min 4), 5), (3 ) 9. (1 ) 1), 2), 124
(2 ) 1), 2) (3 ) 10. (1 ) 1) 2) 3),, 4),, (2 ),, (3 ) 1.,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,, (, ),,,,,, (1 ) 1) ( ),,, 125
( ) 2),,,,,, (2 ) 2 :, ;,,, 1),, 530 mm, 0. 05 g/ m 3,,,,,,, 2),, 2.,, (1 ) 1),,, 1 1 2),,,,, (2 ) 1),,, 2),, 126
, (3 ),,,, 3. (1 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, p H 6. 0 9. 0,,, GB/ T 189202002, 31, 31 ( ) p H 6. 09. 0 ( ) ( N T U ) 30 5 ( mg/ L ) 1 000 (BOD 5 ) ( mg/ L ) 10 ( mg/ L ) 10 ( m g/ L ) 0. 5 ( mg/ L ) 0. 3 127
( ) ( mg/ L ) 0. 1 ( mg/ L ) 1. 0 ( mg/ L ) 30 min 1. 0, 0. 2 ( / L ) 3 (2 ) 1), ( ),,,,,, ( ), ( ),, ( ), 2), :,,,,,, 3) :,,, 128
,,, :, ;,,, 4), ph 7. 0,,, ph 7. 0,,, 1.,,, : (1 ),,,, ( ), ( ) (2 ),,, ; ;,,,,, : 2,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (3 ),,,, 129
( ),,, (4 ),,,,,, 2., (1 ),,,, 2, (2 ) 1), 2),, :,, :, ;, 3), 2,,,,,,,,, ( ),,, ( ), (3 ) 1),, 2),,, 130
,,,,,,, 0. 20. 4 M Pa,,,,, ( ), ( ),,,,,,,,, 3),,,,, : ( ) 31 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 131
( ) 4) :,, (4 ) 1),,,,,, 2), 1% 5%, 3040, : 510 s, 35 s, 10 s 3) 1 2 3 3 1, : ( ),,,,,,,,, 2, 2 : ( ) : ( ) 3, 2, 1 : ( ) : ( ) 132
: 4),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 5),,,,, 6),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 7),,,,, 8),,, 9),,,,,, 133
( ) 2,,,,,, 510 min 40, 10 ), :,,,,,,,,,,,,, 11 ) : (5 ) 1),, 2), 2 2,,,, 3) : (6 ) 1),, 2),, 2,,,,, 2 3 :, 134
;, ; (, ) 3),,,, 2 21 2, 16, : 8, 8, 16 5, 4 4 1,,, 4,,,,,,,, 16,, 1, 4 1, 4),,,,,,,, 2 :,, ( ), ;,, ;, 4,,, 135
( ) 5),, 3. (1 ),,,, p H, p H 10. 310. 9, ph 6. 09. 0 p H 9. 0,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),, (2 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,, (3 ),,,,,, 3040,, 0. 7 M Pa,,, ( 0. 4 M Pa),,,, (4 ),,, 136
,,,,,,,,,,, 8001 000,,,,,,,,,,,, 510 min, (5 ),,, :,,, (6 ),,,,,,,,,,,,, (7 ),,,,,,, 1. (1 ),,,,,,,,,,,, 137
( ) (2 ), ph 7. 0,,,,,,,, (3 ),, 2. (1 ),,,, (2 ),,,, (3 ),,, 3. (1 ),,, 2,, (2 ),,, (3 ), 35 min, 4. (1 ),, (2 ),,,, (3 ) 138
,, 3 min,,, 5. (1 ),,,,,, (,,,, ),,, : 1),,, 80%,, 2),,, 3),,, (2 ) 1) 20,,,,, 2) 3),, 4), 10 min,,,,, 5),, 6), 7),,,, (3 ) 139
( ) 1), 0. 7 M Pa 2) 3), 4),, 5) 2,,,, 6), 7),, 8),,,, 9),, 10 ),, 11 ),, 1.,,,, 2. ( ), 100, 90100 0. 52 MPa,,,,,,, 100500 L/ h ( 100 L/ h ) 5001 500 L/ h, 3. ( ), 140
,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,, 3 :,,, ;,, ;,,,,,,,, ( ), ;, ( ) ( ),, ( ),,,, ;,,,, (, ) 1.,,, 141
( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2. (1 ) 1), 2) 3) 4),,,, 0. 70. 9 M Pa (2 ) ( ),,,,,,,, (3 ) 1) 2) 3) 4), 5),, 6) 7) (4 ) 1), P LC, R UN 2) ( ) 3) 142
4),,, 5),, (5 ),, : 1), 0. 70. 9 MPa 2) 0. 7 M Pa, 0. 3 MPa, 0. 2 M Pa, 0. 5 M Pa, 0. 20. 3 M Pa 3), 4), 5), 6),, STAR T,,,,,,,, 1. (1 ) 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) (2 ) 1) 2) 143
( ) (3 ), (4 ) 1), 2) 2. (1 ) 1) 2), 3) (), (2 ) 1) 2) 3) (3 ) 3. (1 ) 1), 2), (2 ) (3 ) 4. (1 ) 1) 2), 3) (2 ), (3 ) 5. (1 ),, (2 ) 6. (1 ),,, 144
(2 ) 7. (1 ) ( ) 1),, 25 ml, 2. 53 L, 2), 3) 4) (2 ) 1), 2), 3) 4) (3 ) 1) 24 h, 120 2),, 30 s 3) 8. (1 ) 1), 2),,,, (2 ),, 145
( ),,,,, : ; ; ;,,,, :,, () 1. (1 ) 1) 2) 3) (2 ) 1),,,, 2),,, 3),, 2., 4 : (1 ),,, (2 ),, (3 ), 146
(4 ), 3.,,,,,,,,,,,, 2,, :,,,,,,, : ( ) ( ) (1 ) 1),, 2), 3) (2 ), (3 ) 1),,, 2) : ;,,, (4 ), (5 ), (6 ),,, 1) 147
( ),,,,,,,,,,,,, 2),,,,,,,, (7 ),,,,, 1) ( ), 2) 3) 4),,,,,, 5) 6),,,,, 7) 8),, 9) 148
(8 ),,, 1), 2), 3) ( ) 4), 5), 6) 7),,,,,,,, 8),,,,,,, 9),, 10 ),, 11 ),, (9 ) 1),, 2),, 3),,,, (10) 1) 2), 3),, 149
( ),, 4),,, (11) 1), 2) 3), 4) (12), (13) () 1), 2) 3) 4) 5),,,, 6) 7) 8),, 9) 10 ),,, 11 ) (14) 1) 2) (15), (16) 1), 150
2) 3) 4) 5),, 0. 1 m 2, 6),,,,, 7),,, 8),, (17) 1) 2),, 3), 4) 5),, 6),,,,, (18) 1), 2),, : ;, ;,,, 4. (1 ),, 20 % 30 %, 60% 70%,, 3 : 151
( ), ;,,,, (, ) ;, 1),,,, 2),,,,,,, 3),,,,, 4),,,, 5),,,, 6),,,,,,,,, 7), 12 min,, 8), 9),,,, 10 ), 152
(2 ),,,,,,,,,,, 1),,, 2),,, 3),,, 4),, (3 ) 1), 2), (4 ), 1),,,, 2),,,,,,, 3),,,,,, 4),,,,,, 5),, 153
( ),,, 5. (1 ), ; (2 ), ( ),,,,, (3 ),,,,, (4 ), : (5 ),,,, (6 ),,, (7 ),,,, (8 ),, (9 ), (10),,,, (11),, : 1) 154
2), 3), 4), 5),,,,,, 1.,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,, (1 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (2 ),,, 12 min,, 12 min,,, 2.,,,, 155
( ) 3.,,,,, 4. (1 ),, CD, CD, CD (2 ), (3 ), :,,,,, 1.,, (1 ) 140, (2 ),, : 1), 0. 5%,, 30 min,,,, 2),,, 1% 3%, 2% 2 min,,, 3) 84 5 %, 200,, 84,, 156
, ( ), (3 ), :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (4 ),,,,,, 1015 min, 2.,,,,,,,, (1 ),,, : 1) 2) ; 157
( ) ;,,,,,,, 3),,, 4),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (2 ),, 3, : 1),,,,, 60,, 2),,,,,,,,, 3),,,,,,,,,, 158
, (3 ),,,, 1), 2),, 3),, 4),,,, (4 ), 3, 1),, 2),,,, 3),,,,, (5 ),,,,,,,,,,,,, (6 ), 159
( ) 1),,,, ;, 2),,, ;, 3),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 4),,, 5),, 6),,,,, (7 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 160
32 1.,, ( ),,, 20 mm,,,,,, 32 2.,,,, 2 (1 ),,,,, (2 ), ( ), 60 s 3.,,,,, (1 ),,, (2 ),, 4. 2 (1 ),,,, 35 min,, (2 ), 161
( ),,,,,,, (, ) 1. ( ) 2., ( ) 3. ( ) 4.,,,, ( ) ) 5. ( ) (, 1, 1. ph A. 5. 56. 5 B. 6. 57. 0 C. 7. 07. 5 D. 7. 58. 0 2., MPa A. 0. 20. 4 B. 0. 40. 6 C. 0. 60. 7 D. 0. 70. 8 3., A. B. C. D. 4. A. B. C. 4 D. 5., A. B. C. D. 1.? 2.? 162
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. C 2. A 3. A 4. C 5. D 1. :, 2. :,,,, 8001 000,,, 163
1. (1 ) 1) 2) (2 ) (3 ) (4 ) 2. (1 ) 1), 2), 3) 4) 5),, (2 ) (3 ) 164
(4 ) 3. (1 ) 1) 2) 3) 4) (2 ) 1) 2) 3) 4) (3 ) (4 ) 1) 2) 4. (1 ) 1) P VC 2), (2 ),,, (3 ) 1) 2) 3) 4) 5. (1 ) 1), 2),,, (2 ) (3 ) (4 ) 6. 165
( ) (1 ) 1) 2), (2 ) (3 ) 7. (1 ) 1) 5,, 2),, (2 ) (3 ),, ( ) +,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1., ; ;, ;,,,, (1 ) 1),,,,,,, 2),, 166
;, 3),, ;, 4), 5), (2 ) 1),, 2),,,,,,, 3),, 4), ( ), 5),,, 6),, 7),,, 8),, 9), 20 80,,, 20 90, 10 ) 11 ), (3 ), 167
( ),,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,, 2,,,, 5,,, 2. ( ) ( ) (),, 1 1 2 3, 2,, 1. (1 ),, (2 ) 2,,, : : ( ),,, 1),, 1/ 51/ 4,, 2),,, 3, 168
3),, 4) ( ) 5) 6),, 7) 8) 9), 10 ),,, 11 ), 12 ), 13 ) 14 ), 15 ), 16 ),, 17 ) : (3 ), 510 min,,,, 2. (1 ),,,,,,,, (2 ),,,,, (3 ), ;,,,,,, (4 ) 169
( ),, ( ), (5 ),, 5 10 min( ),,,,,,, (6 ),,, ( ) (7 ),,, (8 ),,,, (9 ),,,,,,, (10), 1.,,, : (1 ),,,, 20,,, Tempera-Flex,,, (2 ),,, 170
,,,,,,,,,,,, 2.,, : (1 ),,, ( ),, (2 ),,,,,,,, 2 : 1) ( ) 2),,,,, (3 ), ( ),,, 2 :,, ;,,,,,, 3. (1 ) (2 ),,, 171
( ) 5, 45 h 1),,,, 2),, 3),,,,,,, 4),,, U V,, 5),,,, :,,,, 4.,, (1 ), : (2 ),, ( ) 1. (1 ) 172
1), 2) 3), (2 ) 1),,,,, 2) 3) (3 ) 1),,,,, 2) (4 ) 1) 2) (5 ) 1),,,, 2) 2. (1 ) 1) 173
( ) 2), 3) 4) (2 ) 1), 2),,,,,,, 3) 4) 1 h (3 ) 1),, 2) 3) 174
4) (4 ) 1),, 2) 3) 4) (5 ) 1), 300 2) 3 3), 4), 1. ( ), ( 6 ),,,, 2. (1 ),, 3, 175
( ),, (2 ) ( ),,,,,,, 3.,,,,, 1 ( ), 1 1,,,,,,,,, : (1 ),,,, (2 ) P1000P1500,, 80, ( ) (3 ) 3 mm ( ), 45,, (4 ) JIS (1 g + 100 ml ) 1,,,, 41 4. (1 ),, (2 ), P1000 176
, 41 H 2 H H 2 H FH NC FH CAB FH H 2 H (3 ),,,,,,, ; ;,,,, (4 ),, 5. (1 ),, (2 ),,, (3 ) (4 ) ( ) 6. (1 ), 3, ( ) ( ), ;,,,, 177
( ), : ( ),,, : 1), 2), 3),, 2 ( ),,,,,,,,,, 3,,,, ;,,,, (2 ) ( ), ( ) 1),, 2), ( ),,, 3) 4),, (3 ), (4 ) ( ) ( ),,,,, ( ),, 178
7.,,, (1 ) 1),,,,,,,,,, 2), ( ),,,, (2 ) 1),,, ;,,, 2) 3 :,,,,, 3),,,,,, (3 ) 1),,,,, 5 s,,,,,, 2) 9001 600 r/ min,, 1 9002 500 r/ min, 179
( ),,,,,, 1/ 3 3), 4) ( 515 ), :,, ;,,,,, ;,,,,, 1/ 2,,, ;,, 2,,, 1/ 2,,, 5),,, 6),, 7),,,, 8), 20 9),,,, 10 ),,,,, 11 ),, 41 180
41,,,,,,,, (4 ) 1) 2),,,,, 3),,,, 4),,,,,,, 5), ( ),,, 6), 7),, 181
( ) 8),,, 9),,,,,, 10 ),, 11 ), 12 ), 13 ),,,,,,,, 14 ),,, 1., 2 : 2,, : (1 ) (2 ), (3 ),,,, 20 60, O H NCO,,, 12 40 m,,, 2.,,, 182
,,, ( ),,,,,, 60,, ;,,,, 3. 3 :, (1 ) 3 : ; ;,,,, (2 ),,,,,,,, 42 ( ) 42 (3 ),, 3 :,, 2, 200 183
( ) 42 42 ( ) ( ) 15 22 14 17 18 2 3 4 7 8 2 4 5 8 9 10 2 3 4 7 8 10 2 12 2 7 10 20 22 15 18 5 18 4 5 14 18 7 10 15 2 7 10 13 15 15 7 10 18 2 7 10 12 15 22 2 7 10 15 7 10 2 7 10 3 4 7 9 10 3 7 8 10 15 3 5 2 3 5 7 10 3 8 10 15 17 12 15 19 3 8 17 18 22 5 2 4 5 15 15 4 5 8 17 18 19 184
( ) ( ) 18 4 5 18 2 3 7 10 15 17 3 7 10 15 3 8 5 2 3 4 7 8 15 17 18 5 8 14 17 18 2 3 8 10 12 15 24 2 3 4 5 7 8 10 15 14 2 4 7 10 2 3 4 7 8 10 2 3 8 2 7 8 10 12 15 8 10 17 2 7 8 10 11 15 7 10 11 17 20 23 24 2 3 4 7 8 9 3 4 7 8 10 11 12 15 17 23 2 8 9 10 1 2 3 7 8 14 17 18 19 2 3 7 8 10 11 12 15 2 3 5 18,, : (, ) ( ) ( ) ( )( ),, ( ),, ( ), 19, 1),,,,,,, ;,,, 2), ;,,,,, 185
( ),,,, 301A5,,, 301A5 : 956 179. 9 g; 744 1. 5 g; 957 71. 8 g; 666 81. 5 g; 333 153. 4 g,,,,,,, 1.,,,,, : (1 ),,,,,, (2 ),,,, 2. 2 : 4, 80 m, 0. 4 0. 5 5, 100 m, 0. 5,, (1 ),,,,, (2 ),,, (3 ),,,,, (4 ), 186
, 3., : (1 ), (2 ),, 1 2001 500 r/ min,, (3 ), 1 600 r/ min,, (4 ),,, 1 9002 200 r/ min,,, (5 ),, 10 min (6 ) 1) 1, 2 3, 2),, 3),,,,,,,, 4.,,,,,,,,,, : (1 ),,, (2 ),, P1500, 9 m, P1000P1500,,, 2 : 1), 187
( ) 2),,,,,, (3 ),,,, (4 ),,,,,, 5.,,,, : (1 ), P600,, (2 ),,,,,, (3 ),,,,,,, : 1),,, 2),, 3),, 4), 5),, 6),, 188
(4 ) 1) 2) 3) 4), P320,,,,,, P320,,,, (5 ),,, (6 ), (7 ) P320,,, (8 ),, 20%,,,, (9 ),,, (10),,,,,,,,,,, ( ),, ( ),, 6., : (1 ), 189
( ) (2 ),, (3 ) (4 ),,,,, : 1,, 2,, 3,,, 4,, 5,,,, 1. (1 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,, 5 min,,,,, 190
(2 ),,,,, 2. (1 ),,,,,,,,,, (2 ) ( ),,,,,,,,,,, (3 ) 1015 min,,,,,,,,, 3.,,,,, 50 000 km,,, (1 ),,,, 25%, 15% 20%,,,,,,,,,,,, 25%, 30 % 191
( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2 1 lb (1 lb = 0. 453 6 kg),,,,,, 0. 2 MPa (2 ),,,,,,,,, : 0 100, 50%,,,,,,, (3 ),,,,,,,,,,,, (4 ),,,,,, 192
(5 ),,,, 70% 80%, 4,,, 15 000 km, 10 000 km ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (6 ),,,,, ( ABS T CS ),, E TITO ( ) 1. 5 %, 2%,, (7 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (8 ) 2 2, 2, 2, 193
( ),,,, 2030 g 4,, 2 000 km 100 km/ h,,,,, ;,, (9 ),,,,,,,,,, (10),,, : 10% 12%, 20 % 40 % (11),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2030 k m,,,, (12), (13),, 6 mm, 194
70 %,,,, 23 min (14), 1. 6 mm,, : 1, 2, 3, 4,,, 5,,,,, 6,, 7, 1. (1 ) 1), 2) (2 ) 1),, 2),, 23 min,,, 3),, 5 min,, 4),,,, 0 195
( ),,, 2.,,,,,, : (1 ), (2 ),,,, (3 ),, 3.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 90%,,, ( ), 90%, 2 min,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 196
,,,,,,,,,,,, ;, 3 1.,,, ( ),,,,,, 2. (1 ) :,,,,,,,,,,, (2 ),,,,, O,,,,, 45, (3 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,, O O, 197
( ),,, (4 ),,,,,,,, 3. (1 ),,,,,, (2 ),,, (3 ),,,, (4 ),,, (5 ),, ;, 4.,,,,, : (1 ) (2 ), (3 ), PU (4 ),,, 1. (1 ), 198
,,, (2 ),,,,, (3 ),, 2. (1 ), 1 min, (2 ),,,, (3 ),, (, ),,, : 1), ( ) ( ) ( ),, 2) ( ) ( ), (, ) 1. ( ) 2., ( ) 3., ( ) 4. ( ) 5. ( ) 199
( ) ) (, 1, 1. A. B. C. D. 2.,, A. B. C. D. 3., A. B. C. D. 4., A. B. C. D. 5., A. B. C. D. 1. 2.? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. A 1. : :,, 2. : 200
1. (1 ), 2, 2,,,,, ( S HENLON G) QL 380 ( 51 ) ( ), : DM8032A ; 1. 3 kw; 220 V ; 0. 7 M Pa; 0. 10. 6 MPa ; 13 L/ min; 27 kg; 35 kg; 201
( ) 51 QL 380 (2 ) 1), N15N32,,,,, 2), 35 min,,, 3), N15N32, 200 h,, 4), 202
, 2. (1 ) ( ),,, (2 ),,,, 0. 2 0. 4 MPa (, ) 3. (1 ), ( ) ; ( ) ; ( V ) ( W ) ;,, 2V,, 52 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 0. 6/ 7 0. 2 0. 44 M Pa, 0. 8 MPa, V 3/ 8 1 52 (2 ) ( S HENLON G) 0. 17/ 7,, : DM8032A ; V 1. 5 k W; 220 V ; 51 mm ( ) 2; 0. 17 m 3 / min; 0. 7 MPa ; 60 L ; 960 mm () 640 mm () 340 mm ( ) ; 85 kg;,,, 203
( ),, ;,,,,,,,,,, (3 ) 1), : a.,, b.,, c.,,, a.,, :, ;,, b.,,, c., a., 500 6 ( ), b. / c.,,, d., e.,, f. 204
g., h. i. j. 2),, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1. (1 ) ( ), Y, 205
( ), 0. 10. 6 M Pa 0. 6 MPa, 0. 1 MPa 0. 5 0. 6 MPa, 4 : 1) 0. 7 M Pa,,, 2) 170 ; 3040 3), 4), (2 ),, : 1),,,, ( ),,,,, 0. 6 M Pa, 0. 5 M Pa, 2), : 206
,,,, 2. ALF ( 53 ), 53 AL F (1 ) 1),, 2),, 3),, (2 ) 1),, 23, 207
( ),,,,, : 35 min,,,,,,,, 220240 V 2),,, 3 min,,,, :,, 68 3),,, 220 V/ 50 H z 4),,,,,, 58 cm :, (3 ), : 1),, 45 min, 208
2),, 3) :, (4 ) 1) 2),, 3) 4) (5 ) 1),,,,, O,,, 2), 3),,, SAE20 4) 5) ( ) ( ) ( ),, 6),, (6 ) 209
( ) 1),,, 2),,, 3),,, 4),,, 5),, 1., (1 ) 6 1) 2) 3) 4),, 5) 6), (2 ), 4 4, (3 ) 5 (4 ), 2. (1 ) 1) 100 2) 2 3) ZD 3H 4) H S 13 (2 ) 1) 2) 1 3) 2 500 h, (3 ) ( ),, 210
(4 ) 1),, 2) 3), 4) (5 ) 1) 2),,, 3), (6 ) 1),, 2), 3), 4),, 1. (1 ),,,,,,,, 75% 20 80, 21, 2003, :, 1/ 3,, 30 2/ 3 2003 4 30, 2 300 m 3, 1/ 4,,, 400, 100 700 10 km 211
( ), 46. 5% ( ) ; 10. 6 % ( ), ; 90 %, 20 80 1, 600 t, 80% (2 ),,,,,,, : 1) (), ( ), 2) (), 3) ( ), (3 ),, :,, ( ) ( ) 2., L F, LF 54 25 3 5, 6 12, 18, 19 24,, LF 722 13 23, LF 55 3.,,,,, 212
54 LF 1, 6 2, 7 3 4, 8, 16, 20 5 9 10 11 12, 17 13 14 15 18 19 21 22 23 24 25 L F, : (1 ) 1) 2) 3) 4), 5) (2 ) 1) 150 g, 1100 2) 6 8 h,, (3 ) 1),,, 2), 55 LF,, 213
( ), 3) 1,,,,,,, 2,,,,,,, 1. ( ),,,, (1 ) 3,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,, (2 ),,,,,,, (3 ),,,,,, 10 min,, 214
,,,, : 1), 2),, 3), 4),, 5), 6), (4 ) 1),, 2) 3), 4), 5), 2. ( ) ( ),, ( ),,,,, ( ) (1 ) 2, ( ),,,, 2 3, 1 200 r/ min ; 1 600 r/ min ; 2 000 r/ min,, 1 7503 000 r/ min,, 1 2001 600 r/ min, 1 200 r/ min (2 ), 3, 215
( ), ;,,, 25. 431. 8 mm (11. 25 in ), 177. 8254 mm ( 710 in),,, 152. 4 mm ( 6 in), 50. 8 mm (2 in ), 2,,, ;,, ;, ( ) ( ) 56 56 ( ),,,,,,,,, ( ),, 2,,, ; ( ) 57 (3 ) 1),,,, 21 216
57 ( ) ( ),,,,,, ( ), 21, 25. 4 mm ( 1 in), ( ),,,,,, 15. 88 mm25. 4 mm ( 5 8 in1 in), ( ), 6. 35 mm ( 1 4 in ) 6. 35 mm ( 1 4 in ), 9. 53 mm ( 3 8 in) 12. 7 mm ( 1 2 in), ( ),,,,,, 15. 88279. 4 mm ( 5 8 11 in ),, ( ),,,,,, 100%,,,, 190. 5203. 2 mm ( 7. 58 in), 31. 7538. 1 mm ( 1. 251. 5 in ), 254 mm (10 in) 2) 217
( ) : : : ( ) :, :, :, ( ) : 152. 4 mm (6 in ), 50. 8 mm ( 2 in),,, : 203. 2 mm ( 8 in ), 25. 450. 8 mm ( 12 in ),,, : 203. 2 mm (8 in ), 25. 438. 1 mm ( 11. 5 in), :,,, :,, :, 3) 2 ( ) ( ),,,, ( ), (4 ) 1) 2),,,, 3), 4) 5), 6),, 3.,,, 203. 2 mm ( 8 in), 254 mm ( 10 in ) 218
304. 8 mm (12 in) 3 (1 ),,,,,,,,, (2 ), : 1),, 2) 3 :,,,,,,,,, (3 ) 1),, 0. 5 m 2,,, 0. 5 m 2, 2),, 3), 4), ( ),,, : ( ) 1.,,,,,,, 219
( ) 2.,,,,,, (1 ),,, (2 ) (3 ), (4 ), (5 ), 3.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 4.,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ph 7 ),,,,, 220
,,,, : (1 ),,,,, (2 ) (3 ), (4 ),,,, 5.,,,,,,, 6.,,, 2, ( ),,, 7. (1 ) (2 ) (3 ), 8. (1 ),,, (2 ),,, : 46 ( ) 66 ( ) 80 ( )100 ()120 ( ) 1820 mm 150200 mm 5060 mm,,,, 221
( ) 9. (1 ), 3 ; 2, (2 ),,,,,,, : (1 ),,, ( ) (2 ),,, (3 ),,,, (4 ), ( ), (5 ),, (6 ),,,,,, ;,, 1. 222
(1 ),, 5 s :, 21, ;, 2170, ;, 70, (2 ),, (3 ), ( ), ( ),,,, ( ),, ; ( ),, ( ) : 200 1. 1% 6. 0%, 1. 0% 7. 0% (4 ),,,,, 2. (), 3 :,,, 3,,, ( ),,,,, 223
( ) (1 ) 1) 2),,, 3), 30 m, 25 m 4) 0. 05 m 2 5) 2 ( ), 1, 100 m 2 1 6) 30 m 2 : 2, 0. 30. 5 m 3 1 7), 8), 9),, 10 ) 11 ) (2 ), 3 : 1), 2),, ( ), 16%, 3), 51 51 1 H 2 S O 4, Na HCO 3 2 Al 2 ( SO 4 ) 3, Na HCO 3,,,,, 3 CO 2 4 ( NaH CO 3, ) 224
52 52 1 ( ) 1 ) 2 ) 2 ( ) 1 ) 2 ) 3 (, ) 4 ( ) 5 ( ),,,,,,,, ( ),, 3.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (1 ),, 2 225
( ),, 2 1),, 2,, :,,,, 10 m,,,,,,,,, ;,, ;,,, 2), 40 L, 65 L 90 L 3, 2,,,,,,,,,,, : 2,,, 15 m,,,,, ;,,,, 3), : 445,,,,, ;, 226
, : a.,, ;, b., : ; ;, (2 ),,, : ( ) ; ;,,, A, B, C,, BC, ABC 5, 2 1) ( 58), 3,,, 5 m,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 227
( ),,,,, 2 :,, ;,,, 2) ( 59) 58 59,,,,, 3) - 1055,,,,,,, ( ),,, ( ), 5% 7g ( ),,,, 10%, 4. (1 ), 228
,,, ( ),,,,,,, (2 ),,,,, 1.,, : (1 ),,,, ;,,, ; (2 ),,,,,, (3 ), (4 ),,,,, ( ) 2.,,, (1 ) 15, 50% 60%, (2 ), 229
( ) (3 ), ( ) (4 ) 10 m (5 ) (6 ),, (7 ),, (8 ), ( ) (9 ), (10), 3. (,, ) (1 ),,, (2 ),,,, ( ),, ( ) ( ) (3 ),, (4 ),,,, (5 ),,,, (6 ),, ( ) (7 ),,, 230
(8 ),,,,, 1.,,,,,,,,, 0. 4, 2,,,,,,,,, 36 V 2.,,,,,,, : (1 ),, (2 ), (3 ), (4 ),, (5 ), (6 ), (, ) 1. ( ) 231
( ) 2. 35 min ( ) 3., 68 ( ) 4. ( ) 5. ( ) (, 1, ) 1., A. B. C. 2 min D. 5 min 2. MPa A. 0. 20. 4 B. 0. 40. 55 C. 0. 550. 65 D. 0. 650. 7 3. 3 A. B. C. D. 4. A. B. C. D. 5. A. B. C. D. 1.? 2.? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. A 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. A 1. : 5 s 2. : : 232
() (, ; 3, 30 ) 1., ( ) 2. ( ) 3., ( ) 4. ( ) 5., ( ) 6. ( ) 7. 84 ( ) 8. ( ) 9. ( ) 10. ( ) (, 1, ; 3, 30 ) 1. GB/ T 3730. 11988, 7 A. B. C. D. 2. A. B. C. D. 3., A. B. C. D. 4. A. B. C. D. 5. MPa A. 0. 4 B. 0. 6 C. 0. 7 D. 0. 5 6. A. B. C. D. 7. A. B. C. D. 233
( ) 8. A. B. C. D. 9. A. B. 10 C. D. 10. A. 30 B. 200 h C. 500 h D. 45 ( 5, 40 ) 1. 2.? 3.? 4.? 5. 6. 7.? 8.? 234
() (, ; 3, 30 ) 1., ( ) 2. ( ) 3. ( ) 4. 2 ( ) 5., ( ) 6. 3 ( ) 7. ( ) 8., ( ) 9., ( ) 10., ( ) (, 1, ; 3, 30 ) 1. VIN A. 15 B. 16 C. 17 D. 18 2. : A. B. C. D. 3., A. B. C. D. 4. : A. B. C. D. 5., A. B. C. D. 6. 2 A. B. C. D. 7. A. B. C. D. 8. A. B. C. D. 235
( ) 9., A. B. C. D. 10. A. 0. 4 B. 0. 40. 5 C. 0. 50. 6 D. 0. 60. 7 ( 5, 40 ) 1. 4S? 2. 3. 4.? 5.? 6. 7.? 8.? 236
() 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 1. B 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. A 6. A 7. C 8. D 9. A 10. B 1. :,,,,,,,, 2. :, 3. : 4, 4. :,,, 5. : :, 6. :,,,, 7. :, 8. : 2170, 237
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