(Menispermaceae) Stephania tetrandra S. Moore Sinomenium acutumn Rehd. et Wils. Cocculus trilobus Dc. (Aristolochiaceae) Aristolochia fangchi Wu ( ) A. heterophylla Hemsl. (1) (2) 葜 Smilacaceae 葜 (Smilax glabra Roxb.) (34) (Dioscorea) Dioscorea hypoglauca Palibin. Dioscorea septemloba Thunb. Dioscorea futschauensis Uline ex R. Kunch. (4) 葜 Smilax glabra Roxb. 葜 葜 (5) 2004 (3) (4) 2000 葜 葜 Smilax glabra Roxb. 葜 (Liliaceae) 葜 Smilacaceae 葜 Smilax Flora of Taiwan (6) Flora of China (7) 葜 2004 (3) 200 2000 1
(4) Dioscorea hypoglauca Palibin. Dioscorea septemloba Thunb. Dioscorea futschauensis Uline ex R. Kunch. (4) (8) 葜 葜 葜 Smilax china 薬 (9) (Liliaceae) Heterosmilax japonica Kunth 2004 (3) 2005 (10) (Ranunculaceae) (Lardizabalaceae) ( ) Clematis montana Buch.-Ham. Clematis armandii Franch. Akebia quinata (Thunb.) Decne Akebia trifoliata (Thunb.) Koidz. Akebia trifoliata (Thunb.) Koidz. var. australis (Diels) Rehd. (11) 2004 (3) 2005 (10) Stephania tetrandra S. Moore Stephania tetrandra S. Moore (Aristolochiaceae) Aristolochia fangchi Y.C. Wu ex L.D. Chow et S.M. Hwang (12) 2000 (4) 2
2005 (10) 2003 11 2 0.5~4 mm 1mm 葜 (Smilax glabra Roxb) ( 葜 Heterosmilax chinensis Wang) 葜 (Smilax discotis Warb) 葜 (Smilax ferox Wall. Ex Kunch) ( 葜 Heterosmilax chinensis Wang) (8~48µm) (5-20µm) (40~68µm) 283 nm 290 nm 276 nm 282 nm 270 nm Smilax Hetrosmilax (Aristolochiaceae) Aristolochia manshuriensis Komarow Aristolochia fangchi Y.C. Wu ex L.D. Chow et S.M. Hwang 23 11 23 13 3
3 ~ 6 30 (13) 4
(14) () (15) Isatis indigotica Fortune. Strobilanthes cusia (Nees.) Kuntze Baphicacanthus cusia (Nees.) Bremek. Vaccaria segetalis (Neck )Gracke Ficus pumila L. 5
Melastoma candidum 21 16 3 36 48 31 43 23 Clematis chinensis Osbeck Podophyllum hexandrum Royle Spatholobus suberectus Dunn Sargentodoxa cuneata (Oliv.)Rehd. et Wils. 2000 (4) Aristolochia manshuriensis Kom. Clematis armandii Franch. Clematis Montana Buch.-Ham. (16) Akebia quinata (Thunb.)Decne. 2005 (17) 6
Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc. 3000 Stachys geobombycis C. Y. Wu 薬 (14) 7
2-1 (2004 ) (2005 ) (2000 ) (1995 ) (1990 ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ( ) () () () 9 10 11 12 13 1 1-1 Liliaceae 葜 Smilax glabra Roxb. 1-2 葜 Smilax glabra Roxb. 2 苷 2-1 (1) 522 cm 8
(2) 35 (3) 8 48µm 24 40 180µm 25128µm 848µm 2272µm 35µm 48µm 50µm 2-2 5~22cm 2~5cm 黄 1~5mm 3 3-1 (1) ( 苷 ) (2) (3) 5.0 g 20mL 1mL 9
(11) 20mL 苷 (Diosgenin) 苷 (Tigogenin) 1mL 1mg 2µm 6 (91) 10cm 10% 100 R f 3-2 8~48µm 2~4 40~144µm 5µm 25~128µm 50µm 22~67µm 4 4-1 (1) 105 15.0% 16 (2) 5.0% 14 (3) 1.0% 14 5 5-1 (1) 15 10
(2) 15 6 6-1 6-2 7 7-1 8-1 15~60 g 8-2 15~60g 9 9-1 10 10-1 11 11-1 癧 1 12-1 5.0 5.0 12-2 2005 H 15.0% 5.0% K 1.0% K 13 13-1 2005 11
A 15.0% 2-2 (2005 ) (2000 ) (1995 ) (1990 ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 Dioscorea septemloba Thunb. Dioscorea futschauensis Uline ex R. Kunth 2 2~5mm 黄 黄 黄 3 4 5 9~15g 6 7 12
7-1 1995 黄 衆 10~70µm 90~210µm 黄 2005 2g 50mL 1 25mL 25mL 2mL 1.5 2 25mL 1mL 2g (B) 10µl G (91) 105 8 8-1 2005 (1) ( H ) 11.0% (2) 6.0%( K). (3) 1.0%( K). 9 2005 A 15.0% 2-3 (2005 ) (2000 ) (1995 ) (1990 ) 1 2 13
3 4 5 6 7 1 199019952000 2005 Dioscorea hypoglauca Palibin 亁 2 0.5mm 黄 3 4 5 9~15g 6 7 (1) 黄 5~32µm 40µm 2 衆 40~80µm 224µm 64~84µm (2) 10g 100mL 60 0 C 10 2mL 2mL 塩 (1 20)2mL 1 碱 19952000 2005 (1) 横 14
2004 2005 19901995 2000 2-4 (2004 ) (2005 ) (2000 ) (1995 ) (1990 ) 1 2 2-5 (2004 ) (2005 ) (2000 ) (1995 ) (1990 ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ( ) () () () () 9 10 1 1 1 15
1-1 Ranunculaceae Clematis montana Buch.- Ham. Clematis armandii Franch. 1-2 199019952000 2005 Clematis armandii Franch. 綉 Clematis montana Buch. Ham. 2 2-1 (1) A 50100 cm 23.5 cm B 3060 cm 0.82 cm (2) 1 610 2-2 50~100cm 2~3.5cm 綫 0.2~0.4cm 黄 黄 16
3 3-1 (1) 1.0 g 10 ml 0.5 ml 2% 2 1 (2) 3.0 g 10 ml 2 mg 10 ml 10 µl 6 (1731) 10 cm 254 nm / 365 nm R f I & II (Aristolochic acid I &) / 0.5 g (41) 100 ml (3) 25 g 250 ml 50 ml (50 25 ml) 2% 30 ml 25 ml 2 ml 10 ml 10 2 ml (Oleanolic acid) 1 ml 1 mg 5 µl 6 (41) 10 cm 10% 105 R f 365 nm 17
3-2 1g 10 ml 0.5 ml 2% 2 1 20002005 25g 250mL 30 50mL 2 (50mL25mL) 2% 5 30mL 25mL 塩 2mL 1 10mL 2 10mL 2mL 1mL 1mg ( B) 5ul G (41) 9 10% 105 0 C 灯 (365nm) 4 4-1 (1) 105 13.0% 16 (2) 5.0% 14 (3) 1.0% 14 5 5-1 (1) 15 (2) 15 18
6 6-1 6-2 7 7-1 8 8-1 36 g 8-2 3~6g 9 9-1 10 10-1 11 11-1 12 4.0% 6.0% 2-6 (2000 ) (1995 ) (1990 ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 19
8 9 10 2005 1 1-1 Aristolochia manshuriensis Kom. 2 1~2m 1~6cm 1 黄 綫 3 3-1 (1) 黄 11~20µm 21~42µm 40µm 328µm (2) 1g 70% 20mL 15 灯 (365nm) 塩 1 (3) 1g 50mL 1 1mL 1mL 0.5mg ( 57 ) 3µl G (201011) 20
灯 (365nm) 4 4-1 1995 綫 12.0% 5 6 7 3~6g 8 9 ( 47 ) 16.0% 10 2000 21
2-7 (2004 ) (2005 ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ( ) 8 9 10 11 12 2005 1 1-1 Lardizabalaceae Akebia quinata (Thunb.) Decne. Akebia trifoliata (Thunb.) Koidz. Akebia trifoliata (Thunb.) Koidz. var. australis (Diels) Rehd. 1-2 2005 Akebia quina (Thunb.)Decne Akebia trifoliata(thunb.)koidz Akebia trifoliata(thunb.)koidz. var. australis (Diels) Rehd 2 2-1 (1) 3060 cm 1.21.8 cm 22
(2) 1228 (3) 3450µm 40 µm 2-2 30~70cm 0.55~2cm 3 3-1 (1) 0.5 g 10 ml 苷 (2) 3.0 g 10 ml 2 mg 10 ml 10µL 6 (1731) 10 cm 254 nm / 365 nm R f I & II (Aristolochic acid I &) 3-2 苷 ml 23
l mg ( B) l0µl 2µl G (640.25) 10% 105 4 4-1 (1) 105 14.0% 16 (2) 8.0% 14 (3) 1.0% 14 5-1 5-2 6 6-1 7-1 36 g 7-2 3~6g 8 8-1 9 9-1 10 10-1 24
11 11-1 (1) ( H ) 10.0% (2) 6.5%( K). 12 12-1 ( D) (1) (87130.040.02) 210nm 2000 (2) 苷 lml lmg (3) ( )2g 50mL ( 250W 50kHz)30 10mL 3 20mL 20mL 2mL 4 l0ml 2 20mL l0ml (4) 20µl (5) (C 30 H 48 O 3 ) 苷 0.15% 1963 (20 3 25
1977 (21) 1985 (22) 1963 2000 2005 (11) 26
2-8 (2005 ) (2000 ) (1995 ) (1990 ) 1 2 19901995 2000 2005 2-9 (2005 ) (2000 ) (1995 ) (1990 ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 1 1990 Stephania tetrandra S. Moore 2 5 10cm 15cm 3 (1) 綫寛 27
(2) 2g (0.5mol/L) 20mL 10 ph 9 25mL 5mL (3) 1g 15mL 1 5mL 1mL 1mg ( 57 ) 5µl G (611) 亁 (4) 2000 (2)(3) ( ) 碱 (C 38 H 42 N 2 O 6 ) 0.70% 4 4-1 1995 2000 5 6 脚 7 4.5~9g 8 9 9-1 ( )1g 80 4 6 1 60mL 28
2mL ( 57 ) 100µl G (20321) 灯 (254nm) 荧 荧 ( 58 ) (0.7cm x10cm) 30mL 100mL 却 (0.1mol/L) 10mL ( 51 )280nm G C 38 H 42 N 2 O 6 113 80 4 碱 (C 38 H 42 N 2 O 6 ) 0.70% 1995 2000 1. 1990 60mL 19952000 6 19952000 1mL 2mg 10µl 1990 灯 254nm19952000 灯 366nm10 ( H ) 12.0% 2. 4.0( K) 11 11-1 ( X) 5.0 2005 ( Vl B) (1) (4030301)(l00mL 0.41g) 280nm 4000 (2) lml 1.0mL 0.05mg 29
(3) ( )1.5g 2% 25mL 30 2% 5mL 10mL (4) 10µl (5) 1.6% 2-10 (2000 ) (1995 ) (1990 ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1990 Aristolochia fangchi Y.C.Wu ex L.D.Chot et S.M.Hwang 2 6~18cm 1.5~4.5cm 迹 3 别 30
(1) 10~15 3~5 綫 綫 20~30 45~220µm 20µm (2) 2g 10mL 20 1mL 0.4% 24- 肼 5 1mL 1mL 碱 1mL 10 (3) 3g 50mL 1 5mL 1mL 0.5mg ( 57 ) 3µl G (201011) 灯 (365nm) (4) 19952000 别 别 1990 1mL 0.5mg 1995 (9 1) 15 1mL 0.2mg 4 5 6 7 4.5~9g 8 9 1995 5g 60mL 31
20mL 25mL (91) 15 1mL 0.2mg 2µl 1µl 2µl GF 254 (20511) λ s =318nmλ R =350nm (C 17 H 11 NO 7 ) 0.1% 32
2000 7 FDA 70 2000 2000 11 15 14 2001 2002 International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) 2000.8.3 2001.2.21 2001.7.23 2003.1 20033.12 92 92 12 31 2001.03.19 ( ) 2003.11.2 33
2003.11.4 69 92.10.8 150 2003 3 1 强 2003 4 1 2004 2003 9 2004 6 1 34 10 34
35 1 (23) 2 (24) 葜 葜 3 (25) 4 (26) 5 (27) 葜 葜
葜 葜 葜 [] 盌盌 36
(28) 6 葜 (29) 7 37
葜 (30) 8 葜 (31) 9 38
(32) 10 (33) 11 (34) 12 39
40
(500 AD) (659 AD) (974 AD) (1062 AD) (1093 AD) (1505 AD) (1848 AD) 3-1 41
1 (23) (24) 葜 葜 (25) (26) 葜 (27) 2 (23) (24) (25) (26) 42
(27) (28) 葜 (32) 3 1 粮 2 葜 葜 3 4 4 (1) (23) (2) (24) 葜 葜 (3) (25) (4) (26) (5) (27) 葜 (6) (28) 葜 43
3-2 (7) 葜 (8) (9) (10) 葜 葜 Smilacaceae 葜 Smilax glabra Wright 葜 Smilax glabra Wright 5 (1) (24) (2) (25) (3) (26) (4) (27) 44
(5) (29) (6) (32) (7) (30) (31) (33) (34) 6 (1) 盌 盌 45
(2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) 7 (1) Smilax glabra Wright 葜 葜 Smilacaceae 葜 Smilax Flora of Taiwan 葜 (Liliaceae) Flora of China 葜 93 2000 Flora of Taiwan (2) 葜 葜 6 3 18 46
3 3 250 2 22 (3) 葜 1. 葜 Smilax 1. Heterosmilax (4) 葜 (Smilax) 2 6 9 18 200 19 (5) Smilax glabra Wright A 1~5 m 3~5 mm 1~5 cm 1~2 mm 5~10(~15) cm 2~3.5(~5) cm 5 1~3 cm 1~1.2 mm 3~15 mm 0.3~1 mm 7~15 cm 1-5 (9) mm 1-2.5 cm 5~8 mm 1~3 B 47
(24) 1 (35) 2 (36) 3 (37) 4 葜 5 (38) 葜 (26) 6 48
49 7 (39) 葜 臋 葜 葜
50 8 (40) 葜 葜 葜 臋
葜 (27) 9 葜 葜 葜 葜盌 51
52 臋 葜 斅 10 (28) 11 (41)
葜 葜 葜 葜 疴 葜 (29) 12 53
54 13 (42) 盌 14 (42) 葜 葜
葜盌 葜 顦顇 葜 葜盌 葜 (43) 15 ( ) 葜 55
56 16 (31) ( ) 17 (32) 葜 葜 18 (44)
(33) 19 葜 葜 (45) 20 (34) 21 57
58 葜 葜 22 (46) 23 (47)
(48) 24 (49) 25 (50) 26 (51) 27 59
(500 AD) (659 AD) (1061 AD) 葜 (1062 AD) 葜 (1505 AD) 葜 (1593 AD) 葜 (1848 AD) ( 3-3 60
1 (24) 2 (35) 3 (36) 4 (37) 5 (38) 6 (26) 7 (39) 葜 8 (40) 葜 9 (27) 葜 10 (28) 11 (41) 12 (29) 13 (42) 14 (43) 葜 15 (31) 16 (32) 17 (44) 18 (33) 19 (45) 20 (34) 21 (46) 61
22 (47) 23 (48) 24 (49) 25 (50) 26 (51) 1 (27) 葜 2 (29) 3 (45) 1 (24) 2 (35) 3 (37) 葜 4 (38) 葜 5 (26) 62
6 (39) 葜 7 (40) 葜 葜 8 (27) 葜 63
葜盌 9 (29) (42) 10 葜 葜盌 64
葜 顦顇 葜 葜盌 葜 11 (43) 葜 12 (31) 葜 葜 13 (32) 葜 14 (33) 葜 葜 15 (45) 65
16 (49) 23 (50) 1 (24) 2 (35) (37) 3 (38) 4 (39) 5 (40) 6 66
67 7 (27) 葜 斅
(28) 8 (29) 9 (42) 10 葜 顦顇 葜 葜 68
69 盌 11 (42) ( ) 12 (31) 13 (32) - -
葜 (44) 14 (33) 15 (45) 16 70
(34) 17 葜 (46) 18 (47) 19 71
(48) 20 (49) 21 (50) 22 (51) 23 (26) 1 72
(39) 2 (27) 3 (44) 4 73
() 葜 Smilax glabra Roxb. 1 (94 5 ) 2 (94 6 ) () Dioscorea septemloba Thunb. 1 (94 1 ) 2 (94 4 薬 ) 3 ( 94 5 ) () Smilax china L. (94 4 薬 ) () (94 5 ) () 1 (94 1 ) 2 (93 12 ) () (92 ) () (92 ) () Stephania tetrandra S. Moore (92 ) 74
() Aristolochia fangchi Y.C.Wu ex L.D.Chot et S.M.Hwang 93 9 93 11 1~2 24 4-1 23 23 20 20 4-1 ( 24 ) 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 93 葜 93 12 葜 94 3 葜 94 4 葜 75
1 (Sakura,Tissue-Tek R VIP,Japan) 2 (Thermolyne,Histo-CenterII-N,U.S.A.) 3 (Sakura,IVS-410,Japan) 4 (Eyela,NDO-45ND,Japan) 5 (Sakura,CoverAid,Japan) 6 (Nikon,E-400,Japan) 7 (Nikon Eclipse E600) (Nikon DIGITAL CAMERA DXM1200F) 8 (Branson.Type-520,U.S.A.) 9 (METTLER TOLEDO AT201) 10 254nm 366nm 11 (Millipore) 12 (Sonorex Super RK 1028 BH) 13 (CARY 300 Conc UV) (Methylene blue)glycerinalcohol water(111) Glycerinwater (11)10% (Formalin) (t-butanol) (Absolute Alcohol)Mayers adhensive (albumnglycerol=21) (xylene) (Parrafin)Haematoxylin for m-croesoleosinlight green yellowish MerckGermany (Toluene) (n-propanol) (Dimethylamine) (methanol) (ethyl acetate) (acetone) (chloroform) (n-hexane) (n-butanol) (Acetic acid glacial 100) Merck Germany 76
95% 1. 苷 (Diosgenin) 2 3 (Aristolochic Acid) Sigma (Aristolochic Acid Ι 43%Aristolochic Acid II 54%) 4 (Tetrandrine) 77
() 1 Branson, Type-5210, USA 0.5 0.5cm 2 Sakura, Tissue-Tek VIP, Japan 50% 1 70% 1 80% 1 90% 1 95% 1 2 99.5% 1 2 Xylene1 2 Paraffin68 2 2 Thermolyne, Histo-Center II-N, USA Sakura, IVS-410, Japan 68µm Eyela, NDO-450ND, Japan 45 Xylene30 3 99.5% 30 3 95% 30 2 Hematoxylin 6 Eosin2 95% 15 2 99.5% 15 3 Xylene15 3 Sakura, CoverAid, Japan Nikon, E-400, Japan Hematoxylin-Eosin Toluidine Blue () 78
glycerin water (11) 1 0.5g 20mL 60 2 200-400 nm () 1 (1) 2mg 10mL (2) 1.0g 5mL 90 (3) Silica gel 60 F 254 (201011 v/v) 5µL 10 cm (4) 254 nm366nm 2 (1) 2mg 10mL 79
(2) 3.0g 10mL 90 (3) Silica gel 60 F 254 Dimethylamine(541 v/v) 5µL 10 cm (4) 254 nm () 1Diosgenin (1) 1.0g 5mL 90 (2) Silica gel 60 F 254 (91 v/v) (41 v/v) (730.5 v/v) 5µL 10 cm (3) 254 nm366 nm 2 (1) 1.0g 5mL 90 (2) Silica gel 60 F 254 (730.5 v/v) 5µL 10 cm (3) 366 nm 3 80
(1) 1.0g 5mL 90 (2) Silica gel 60 F 254 (41 v/v) 5µL 10 cm (3) H 2 SO 4 H 2 O(11)105 5 366 nm (1) 1.0g 5mL 2 (2) 5µL (3) 366 nm (1) 1.0g 5mL 2 0.5 ml 1 81
() 1 葜 Smilax glabra Roxb. 2 0.20.4 cm 3 2 cm 34 120150 µm 100160 µm 1560 µm 3 8 60140µm 2040µm () 1 Dioscorea septemloba Thunb. 2 0.20.4 cm 7 3 5 cm 410 120150µm 3050 µm 100150 µm 82
120200 m 60140µm 1040µ m () 1 Dioscorea collettii Hook. f. var. hypoglauca (Palib.) Pei et Ting 2 0.20.4 cm 3 2 cm 48 2 3060µm 2055 µm 3060 µm 37 2550µm 1025 µm () 葜 1 葜葜 Smilax china L. 2 1020 cm 2 3 cm 3 2 cm 83
34 12 2550µm 100140µm 100 180µm 2550µm 6080µm 1030µm () 葜 1 葜葜 Heterosmilax chinensis Wang 2 2.54 cm 3 2 cm 34 12 100150 µm 60120 µm 3060µm 510 2560µm 1530µm 84
() 1 0.54 mm 23 10 17 (5-1) ( 5-1 5-2) 5-1 1 + + + - 2 + + + - 3 + + + - 4 - - - - 5 + + - - 6 - - - - 7 + + + - 8 + + + - 9 + + + - 10 + + + - 11 - - + - 12 + + + - 13 - - - - 14 - - - - 15 + + + - 16 - - + - 17 - - + - 18 - - + - 19 - - + - 20 - - + - 21 - - + - 22 - - + - 23 - - + - 24 - - + - 85
2 (5-3) (5-4) glycerin water Smilax discotis Warb (5-5) (5-6) 3 葜 (5-7 5-8) (5-9) 5-1 5-2 5-3 5-4 ( 葜 ) 86
5-5 5-6 5-7 1 5-8 13 5-9 87
() 0.2~0.4cm 黄 (5-10) 黄 (5-11) () (5-12) (5-13) ( 5-14) ( 5-15) 5-10 5-11 5-12 5-13 5-14 5-15 88
() (287±2) nm 5-16 5-17 5-16 ( ) UV 5-17 ( ) UV () (270±1)nm 5-18 5-19 5-18 UV 89
() 葜 葜 (283±2)nm 5-19 5-20 5-19 葜 UV () (279±2)nm 5-20 5-20 UV 287±2nm 19 (283±2)nm 3 290nm 3 285~290 279±2 nm 17 276 nm 3 282 nm 1 276 nm~282 nm 10 ~ 40 10 ( - ) / 285 nm 21 0.4 ±1 90
5-2 A A nm nm A A A nm A - A A ( ) 10 290 0.63 Smilax glabra 20 289 0.33 257 0.15 338 0.15 0.55 ( ) 10 289 2.32 Smilax glabra 60 289 0.43 257 0.14 340 0.14 0.67 10 285 1.27 ( ) 30 285 0.48 45 286 0.33 259 0.14 317 0.14 0.55 葜 ( ) 285 0.21 260 0.02 340 0.02 0.88 ( ) 20 286 0.39 260 0.24 260 0.24 0.38 ( -1) 20 290 0.60 258 0.18 337 0.18 0.69 ( -2) 90 289 0.60 258 0.20 334 0.20 0.66 ( ) 10 283 0.38 258 0.22 331 0.23 0.40 ( ) 60 289 0.43 257 0.12 332 0.12 0.70 ( ) 10 289 1.13 256 0.25 340 0.24 0.77 30 289 0.40 30 283 0.46 260 0.22 339 0.22 0.50 100 284 0.12 10 299 0.44 258 0.13 342 0.10 0.69 5 284 0.21 1 10 283 0.34 257 0.26 308 0.26 0.23 10() 288 0.53 20 288 0.38 257 0.14 334 0.14 0.61 2 10 286 0.50 258 0.24 320 0.24 0.52 3 20 289 0.64 258 0.21 337 0.21 0.66 10() 289 1.057 20() 290 0.32 4 10() 285 0.49 20 284 0.30 257 0.12 331 0.12 0.5787 5 20 290 0.44 256 0.16 333 0.16 0.63 6 20 287 0.56 257 0.23 333 0.22 0.59 91
7 20 287 0.37 259 0.18 315 0.18 0.50 8 20 288 0.45 257 0.17 325 0.17 0.62 9 20 289 0.44 259 0.22 312 0.22 0.5078 10 20 288 0.45 257 0.17 328 0.17 0.6203 11 20 288 0.43 257 0.16 334 0.17 0.6135 12 20 287 0.43 258 0.16 326 0.16 0.6166 13 20 288 0.27 258 0.10 334 0.10 0.5937 14 20 289 0.53 258 0.18 337 0.18 0.6558 15 30 288 1.66 40 288 0.52 257 0.22 318 0.22 0.5697 16 30 288 0.49 259 0.19 333 0.19 0.6079 17 20 287 0.59 258 0.21 330 0.21 0.6322 18 19 20 287 0.72 257 0.24 319 0.24 0.6545 30 287 0.47 257 0.16 320 0.16 0.6562 90 60() 90() 283 283 283 0.54 0.39 0.27 260 0.25 303 0.25 0.5434 20 20 288 0.58 257 0.21 330 0.21 0.6293 21 20 285 0.22 261 0.15 305 0.15 0.2951 10 286 0.45 261 0.31 305 0.31 0.3011 22 30 289 0.52 257 0.16 331 0.16 0.6848 23 20 287 0.41 259 0.17 330 0.16 0.5856 24 10 288 0.45 258 0.17 331 0.17 0.6208 92
5-3 nm A nm A A (A - A ) A A nm /A ( ) 10 269 0.485 249 0.35 283 0.35 0.28 葜 ( ) ( : ) 90 284 0.32 260 0.11 306 0.11 0.66 8 267 0.584 251 0.524 0.10 8 284 0.402 257 0.29 310 0.29 0.28 10 267 0.47 8 268 0.573 253 0.54 279 0.54 0.06 1 1 281 3.148 261 2.464 302 2.476 0.22 2 3 280 0.592 256 0.486 295 0.4842 0.18 3 5 280 0.568 255 0.43 294 0.43 0.24 4 4 278 0.503 255 0.39 291 0.39 0.22 5 1 266 1.883 6 4 276 1.037 257 0.96 285 0.96 0.07 7 5 280 0.635 259 0.55 292 0.55 0.13 8 8 280 0.232 254 0.071 295 0.07 0.69 9 5 279 0.567 254 0.04 294 0.04 0.93 10 5 276 0.357 257 0.32 287 0.32 0.10 11 4 278 0.411 256 0.34 290 0.34 0.17 12 6 276 0.507 256 0.462 286 0.46 0.09 13 6 280 0.799 257 0.69 295 0.69 0.14 14 6 279 0.37 256 0.31 291 0.37 0.16 15 8 282 0.377 259 0.29 307 0.29 0.23 16 4 279 0.448 256 0.36 291 0.36 0.20 17 6 280 0.37 257 0.3 294 0.3 0.19 18 8 278 0.252 258 0.22 287 0.22 0.13 19 8 280 0.377 254 0.28 295 0.28 0.26 20 20 280 0.257 255 0.18 299 0.18 0.30 21 8 280 0.287 256 0.23 292 0.23 0.20 22 1 279 1.18 262 0.8 306 0.8 0.32 93
1 5-21 ( ) 5-22 (UV254 nm ) 1234678911121314161718 1921222324262728 510152025 (201011v/v) 1237891317222728 11 R f = 0.38 94
2 5-23 (UV254 nm ) 5-24 (UV366 nm ) 1234589121314151619 2021222327283132333435 61729 71830 1024 1125 26 (201011) 38912151620222328313234 13 R f = 0.38 = 0.5 R f 95
5-25 (UV254nm ) 123468910121415 511 713 n-hexane Dimethylamine (541) 12381015 6 R f = 0.26 3 (1)Diosgenin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 5-26 Diosgenin (UV254nm ) 96
123 45 67 8 Diosgenin 9 Hexane:EtoAc(91) R f = 0.22 Diosgenin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 5-27 Diosgenin (UV366 nm ) Hexane:EtoAc(41) Rf = 0. 380.430. 820.93 Diosgenin R f = 0.53 = 0.36 R f 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 5-28 ( UV366 nm ) 97
125611 葜 (Smilax glabra Roxb.)34 葜 (Smilax china)910( ) 葜 (Heterosmilax chinensis)7( )8( ) (730.5) 1211 Smilax glabra R f = 0.10.64 0.32 (2) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 5-29 (UV366 nm ) 2345678910121314151617 181921222324252627 葜 (Smilax glabra Roxb.)1112028 葜 (Smilax china)31 葜 (Heterosmilax chinensis)29( )30( ) (730.5) 葜 R f = 0.160.240.350.72 0.91 葜 葜 R f 98
3 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 4-30 (UV366 nm ) 56789101112181920212223 2425 13 葜 (Smilax glabra Roxb.)17 葜 (Smilax china)14 葜 (Heterosmilax chinensis)15 ( )16 ( ) (41) H 2 SO 4 H 2 O(11)105 5 366 nm R f =1.8 葜 R f =7.1 R f =3.85.18.4 9.0 5µL 366 nm 156891214 151617192021222324 葜 234710111318 99
19 3 5 8 11 14 4 1 23 18 22 24 17 6 15 20 9 12 10 13 葜 葜 2 7 21 16 4-31 2 0.5 ml 1 葜葜 100
0.5~4 mm 23 10 17 1mm 葜 (Smilax glabra Roxb) ( 葜 Heterosmilax chinensis Wang) 葜 (Smilax discotis Warb) 葜 (Smilax ferox Wall. Ex Kunch) ( 葜 Heterosmilax chinensis Wang) 葜 (8~48µm) (5-20µm) (40~68µm) 283 nm290 nm 276 nm282 nm 270 Smilax Hetrosmilax 0.2~0.4cm 23 11 23 13 101
UV UV 葜 Smilacaceae 葜 (Smilax) 葜 (Hetrosmilax) 葜 葜 1990 2005 2004 200 102
1. ( ) (I) 2002p.112 2. 2003p.406 3. 2004pp.4-518-1939 4. 2000 2000pp.14237271 5. 200427(2)pp.88-90 6. Flora of Taiwan Second Edition Volume Five 2000pp.99-132 7. Flora of Chinawww.efloras.orgvolume 24 8. pp.431-448504-520 9. 1999p.271 10. 2005 2005pp.14-152543101-102203232-233 11., 2002 27(6)p.214 12. 2002p.1 13. 2003pp.20-25 14. 1999pp.103-105 103
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33. 1996pp.110-111 34. 綉 1987pp.142-143 35. 1986 pp135 36. 1987pp.40 37. 爲 1963 pp.207 38.. 2000pp.108 39. 1993 pp.238-239 40. () 1983pp.322-323 41. 1998pp.130 42. 1974 pp.549-550 43. 1996pp.215 44. 1984pp.59-60 45. 1994pp.76-77 46. 1981pp.30 47. 1982pp.72 48. 1997 pp.126 49. 1989pp.100 50. 1984pp.30 51. 105
1998pp.83 52. 2002 pp.60-65840-846689-692942-945745-748131-134456-464 53. 2002 pp686-693715-718 106