26 2 2008 3 Tribune o f Po litica l Science a nd Law Vol. 26, No. 2 Mar. 2008 :,,,,,,,,,,,,, : ; ; ( ),,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,, 2000, 427, 19, (David Hughes and Stuart Lowe, Social housing: law and policy, Butterworths, 1995, p. 4) 20, 4 /5 ( [ ] F H B : ( ),, 1998, 155 ), 1993 1998, 1993, 1 975, ( ) 1 250 1998 2 050, ( [ ] :, 2004, 69 ),, :, 1996, 12 ; :,, 2007, 35 ; [ ] :, 2004, 69
40 2008,,,,, (, ), [ 1 ] ( P1260) [ 2 ] ( P156), ( ) :,, 1932 12 1 :,, ;, ;, ;,, ;,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :, [ 3 ], 1920,,,,, ( ) 1935,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1840 2000, 2003 ; : (1840 1949) 3 2, 4, 1994, 65 :, 1935, B6 8 ; 5 3 4, 1999
2 : 41 1929, (1929) (1930, 1946 ) (1938 12, ) (1943 12 13, ) (1947 12 1,, ),,,,,, ( ) 1956 1,,,, 1929 1956, ( ) (1929-1936) 1929,, ( 425 ) ( 424 ) 1999, 424 ( 554 ) :,,,,,,, :,,, [ 4 ] ( P1300),,, [ 5 ] ( P1134),,, 1930, (, 1946 ),,,, ( ),, : :, :, 1948 7 ; (1930), :, 1935 ; (1938, ), :, 1944 ; ( 1943) (1947) (1946) : :, 1948, (warranty of habitability) :, 2004, 224 161,, 2% ( ) 6 1%,,,, 6,,, :, 1935, 96
42 2008 11, 8%, 12% ( 163 ), ;,, 2, 21 ( ) 166,, : (1),, 2 ; (2) ; (3) ; (4),, [ 6 ] ( P196),,, 167,,, [ 6 ] ( P196),,,,,,, 2, 440,, 2,, 4,,,, (1935 3 ) 35,,,,,,,,, [ 6 ] ( P135),, ;,,,,,, [ 7 ] ( P1153),,,,,,, 1929 1936,,, :,,,,,,,,, (, ),, 1936 6 ; ( ) ( ), ( ),, : (1) ; ( 2) ; ( 3), ; (4) ; (5) ; (6) ; (7), (1) (3) (4),, (6) (7),
2 : 43,,, [ 6 ] ( P134-35),, ( ) (1937 1943),,,,,,,, [ 8 ] ( P1267) ; (1938 10 ),,,,,,,,,, [ 9 ] ( P1176),, 1941,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, [ 10 ] ( P125),, :,,,, ;,, ;,,,,,, [ 2 ] ( P16),,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, [ 9 ] ( P1176) 1938 12,, :, 1940 10, 128, 1941, 170, 1943, 105-106
44 2008 1940 2 10 1944 :,, (1937), (1937) 40% (1938) (1940), (1940) 20% (1941),,, :,,,, 20%,,,, (1), ; (2), ; (3), ; (4) ; (5) ( ) ; (6) ; (7), (,,, ),,,,,,,,,,,, ;,, [ 9 ] ( P1178),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, [ 9 ] ( P1177) 1943 12 13,,,, 6 (, ),,, 20% ;,,,
2 : 45 30% ;,,,,, 1943, 4,,, 1943 5 10,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,, ( ),, :,,,,,,,,,,,,, 4 /5,, 1 /2,,,,,,,,, 2,,, 6 7,,,,,, 12,, 1943, 105-106 ( ) 484, ( ) 1943 5 14, 1-2 6 1945 3 18 1945 3 18, 2001 ( ) 484, ( ) 1943 5 14, 6
46 2008, 3 1944 3,,, :,, [ 11 ] ( P1873), ( ) (1945 1949),,,,,, 112178, 19123,,,, 6. 17%, 36. 15% [ 12 ],,, [ 13 ] ( P140) :,,,,,,,,,,,,, [ 14 ] ( P186-87), 1946,,,, :,,, ( 97 ),, ( ),, 10% ( 12% ),, [ 15 ] ( P11131) ( 100 ), 1947 12 1 3,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,, ( ) 619, ( ) 1944 3 27, 6 7,, 1946, 100, :, : 1985, 1176, :, 2 2, 1978 5 ; :, 5 1
2 : 47, : (1) ; (2),, ; (3), ; (4) ; (5), ; (6) ; (7) ; (8), 3, ; (9), 1945 12 5, 23,,, (1945 12 5 ),, (1945 12 5 ) [ 16 ] ( P12-4) 1948, 21,,, 1948 6, 10 2, 2, 6 2,,, 2,, 10, [ 17 ] ( P116) 1947,,,,, ( 9479, ),,,, 1934, :,,,,,,,! [ 18 ] ( P1148) 1946,,, : (1), (2) : 2 (3) : 1 (4) :, ( 5) : 3,, 30% (6) :, 1949,, ( ) (1949 1956),,,, :,,,, 1947 3 14, 22 (1947 5 17 ) :,, ( ), 1947 12, 36,
48 2008,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,, [ 19 ] ( P17),,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, [ 19 ] ( P17),,,, [ 20 ] ( P1266), ( ) (1949 ) :,, [ 21 ] ( P1392) (1951 3 6 ) 10 :,,, [ 22 ] ( P1152) ( ) (1951 8 18 ) :,, :,,,,,, ( ),, [ 21 ] ( P1401), (1953 5 15 ) :,,,,,, ;,,,,, [ 23 ] ( P157) (1955 5 12 ) :,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,, 1950 3 15, 37
2 : 49, [ 21 ] ( P1388),, 1956,,,,,,,,, [ 24 ] ( P1283),,, ( ),, ( ) ( ),,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,, ( ), ( ),,,,,,,,,, ( ), ( ),, ( ),,, ( ), 1945 3 18 1945 3 18, 2001 2007 9 19, 1949,,,
50 2008,,,,,,, (1938 10 ) ( 1948 ) ( 1948 ) [ 25 ] ( P127) (1946 ) (1946 ) (1943 9 29 ) 34 :,,, ;,, (1947 ) 16, 94 95,, ( ),,, 4 2 1 [ 17 ] ( P116), ( ),,,,,,, (,,,, ), ( ),, :,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,, 1930 1946 95 :,,,, 1943,,,,, : (1945 9 1947 12 ), 631 :, 4 2, 1945 2, 24, :, 3 6, 1944 7, 1 2, 19,, ; ; David Hughes and Stuart Lowe, Social housing: law and policy, Butterworths, 1995, p. 4,,,,
2 : 51,,,, [ 24 ] ( P1248),,,,,,, ( 166 ),, [ 6 ] ( P1157) 1946 3238, ( 100 ) 1947 3489 3238,,,, [ 26 ] ( P124), 1,,, ( 100 3, 440 2 ) [ 27 ] ( P1256), 1970 1990 [ 28 ] [ 29 ] [ 30 ] ( P1500) ( ) ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, [ 31 ] 2,,, :, 1935, 163 :,,,,,, :, 2007 05 20 ;, http: / /www. gov. cn /wszb /zhibo136 /content_731852. htm2007 08 30, 360, 500,, 510 :, 2007 9 4,,,, 24, 8, 1600 :, 2007 10 10, http: / /www. caijing. com. cn /newcn /home /headline / 2007-10 - 10 /32920. shtm l, 2007 10 17
52 2008,,, ( ),,,, 1999, ( 2005, ( 2007 ), ( ), :,,,,, 1994 ( [ 1994 ]43 ), 1998, ( [ 1998 ]23 ),,, 2003 600, 6%,, 100 200, 2006 9, 5, 19 [ 32 ] ( P156), :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1988, 17 ( ( ), 1988 ), : (1) ; (2) ; ( 3) ; (4) ; ( 5), 2007 9 6 2006 ( ), :, 2007 9 7 2007 8 28 29 30 ( 2007 8 7, 8 13 ) (2007 8 24 25 ), 2007 8 30
2 : 53 : [ 1 ] :, 1933 [ 2 ] :, 1938 1 12 [ 3 ], 1933 1 1 [ 4 ] : ( 2 ),, 1948 [ 5 ] :, 1933 [ 6 ] :, 1935 [ 7 ] :, 1936 [ 8 ] : 2, 1943 [ 9 ] :, 1944 [ 10 ] :, 1938 1 11 [ 11 ] ( ), 2005 [ 12 ], 1952 3 1 [ 13 ], 1947 9 1 [ 14 ] :, 1947 [ 15 ] :, 1985 [ 16 ] :, 1947 [ 17 ] : 1948 3 6 [ 18 ] :, 1934 1 [ 19 ], (1948 1981 ), 1982 [ 20 ] : 18, 1958 [ 21 ] 2 ( ), 1956 [ 22 ] ( ), 1953 [ 23 ] 9 (1953 1 6 ), 1953 [ 24 ] :, 1984 [ 25 ] : 1948 [ 26 ] : ( 3 ),, 1948 [ 27 ] :, 2000 [ 28 ] :, 1978 2 2 [ 29 ] :, 5 1 [ 30 ] :, 1991 [ 31 ] :, 2007 9 4 [ 32 ] : :, 2007 ( ),,,, :, 2007 9 4