1 ( 1) 2 (52) 3 (71) 4 ( 122) 5 ( 160) 6 ( 194) 7 ( 255) 8 ( 301) 9 ( 331) 10 ( 361) 11 ( 396)
1 1. 1 1. ( ) A. B. C. D. 2. ( ) A. B. C. D. 3. ( ) A. B. C. D. 4. ( ) A. B. C. D. 5. ( ) A., B. C., D. 6. ( ) A. B. C. D. 1
. ( ) A. B. C. D. 8. ( ) A. B., C. D. 9. ( ) ( ) A. B. C. D. 10. ( ) A. B. C. D. : 10. D 1. C 2. D 3. C 4. C 5. B 6. B 7. A 8. D 9. A 1. 2 1. ( ) A. B. C. D. 2. ( ) A. B. C. 2
D 3., ( ) A. B. C. D. E. 4. ( ) A. B. C. D. E. 5. ( ) A. B. C. D. E. 6. ( ) A. B. C. D. E. 7., ( ) A. B. C. D. E. 8. ( ) A. B. C. D. E. : 1. AB 2. AD 3. ACE 4. ACE 5. ABCDE 6. BC 7. ABD 8. AC 3
. 3 1. :,,,, (, ), ;,,, 2. :, : ( 1),, ; ( 2 ),,, ; (3 ),, ; ( 4), ; ( 5 ), ; ( 6 ),, 4
3. :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 4. :,,,,, 5
, 5. :,, :, ;,,, 6. :,,,,,,, 7. : ( ),,,, 8. :,,,,,, 6
. : :,, ;,, ( ) ;,,,,,,, 1. 4 1., :,, : (1 ) ; (2 ), ; (3 ),, 7
(4 ), ; (5 ), 2.,,? : ( 1),,,, (2 ), :,,,,,,,,,,,, 20 30 8
3. : : (1 ) ; ;, (2 ), ;, ;,,, (3 ) :,,,,, ( ),, ; ;, 4.? :, : 9
1 ), :,,, (2 ),,,,,,,,,, (3 ),,, :,,,, ( ) 10
, ;,,, ;,,, 5. : ( 1), :,,,,, 19,,,, (2 ) 1936,,,,, ( ) (3 ),,,,,,, 11
, 6.?? : ( 1),, :,, (2 ), :,,,, :,, :, ;, :,, 7.? : 12
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 8.,? :,,,,,, 13
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 9. :,,, (1 ), (2 ), (3 ),, (4 ),,,,,,,,,,,, 14
10.? :, : (1 ),,,,,,,, (2 ) : ; ; ;,,, (3 ),,,,,,,, 11.?? : ( 1) (2 ) 9 :, 15
,,, ( ),, :,, 12. : ( 1), ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (2 ) :, 16
,,,,, (3 ), (4 ) :, :, ;, ;,, ;,, (5 ), : 13. : : (1 ),,,, 17
,,,,,,,,, (2 ) ( ),,,, (3 ) ( ),,,,,,, 18
, 14.? :,, ;, :,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,, : 15. : ( 1 ) :, 100 %, ;,,,,,,, ; 19
,,,, (2 ),, :, :, ( ) ;,,,,, ;,, ( 1-1 ) 1-1 D E, ( D) ( E),,, D = 0;,,,,, ; 100%, 20
, E = 0,, - 1, ( D + E) N *,, 16.? :,, ;, ( ), ( ),,,,, 21
,,, :, 19,,,,,,,,, 17. :, : = F(, ),,, : = a + b 22
a b,, (1 ),,,,, a = b, a > 0, b > 0, - l,,, (2 ),,,,, a = 0, b > 0,, L, 45, (3 ), 1 1, ;,, 1,, a b, a b, 0;,, 1 23
,,, ; ;, 18., : - 2,,,, : (1 ),, (2 ) ( ), (3 ), 24
9.?? :, : (1 ),, (2 ),,, (3 ),, 20. :,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,, 25
,,,,, ;,, 21.? :,,,,,,,,,, ;,,, 1. 5 1.,, MU = - aq + b, MC= cq,, a b c, Q (1 ),, (2 ),, 26
3 ), : ( 1) M U = MC, - aq + b= cq : Q0 = b a + c, P0 = cb a + c (2 ), Q1, - aq1 + b= cq1 : Q1 = b a + c M R = - 2 aq + b,, Q2 P2-2 aq + b= cq, Q2 = b 2 a + c P2 = cb 2 a + c 1-3 : S = 1 2 ( P2 - P0 ) ( Q2 - Q1 ) (3 ) P = - aq + 2 b, - aq + 2 b= cq, : Q = 2b a + c, Q = b a + c, Q = b a + c 2., P = - 1 3 Q + 50, P = - 0. 5 Q + 50, P = 0. 8Q,,?,,? : ( 1),, 27
,, 0. 8 Q = - 1 3 Q + 50 : Q = 44 0. 8 Q = - 0. 5 Q + 50 : Q = 38-3 (2 ),,,,, P = - 5 6 Q + 100, 0. 8 Q = - 5 6 Q + 100 : Q = 61,,, OP = - 1 3 Q + 50 = 29. 7 OP = - 0. 5 Q + 50 = 19. 5 3. A B C, : 28 PA = - 0. 5 Q+ 50 PB = - 2 Q+ 200 PC = - 10 Q+ 1 000
P 250 (1 ) ; (2 )? (3 ),? (4 ) A 20, B 70, C,, A B C?? : ( 1) P = PA + PB + PC = - 12. 5Q + 1 250 (2 ) P = - 12. 5 Q + 1250 P = 250, : Q = 80 (3 ) PA = - 0. 5 80 + 50 = 10, PB = 40, PC = 200 (4 ) A = 20-10 = 10, B = 30, C = 10 + 30 = 40 1. 6 1.?? :,, : (1 ),,,,,, 29
,,,,,, ;,,,, :,, ;,, ;, ;,,,,, ;,,,,, ;,,,,,, 30
, :, :,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,, (2 ),,,,,,,,,,,, (3 ) 20 30, Laissez Faire,,, 31
,,,,,,,,,,,, ;, ;,,, 2. :,,, (1 ),,,, 32
,,,,,,,, (2 ),,,,,,,,,, 3. : : (1 ), 33
,,,, :, ;,, :,,, :, :, :??? (2 ),,, :,,, (3 ), 34
: ; ; ; (4 ),,, ( ),,,, : ; ; ; ; 4.? : ( 1), 17 18, ; ;,,,,, 1776,,,, 35
,,, (2 ) 20 30,, 20 30,, ;,, ;, 1936,,,,,,,,,, ; ; ; ; 36
,,, 20 40 ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,, :,,, 37
,,,,,,,,,,,, ; ;, ( ),,, :,,,,,,,, 38
, ;,, ; ;,,,??,, 5.? :, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,, 39
,, :,,,, : ( ) ; 1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 6., 40
: ( 1),,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 41
M,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,, 42
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (2 ) :,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 43
,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 44
,,,,,,,,, 7. : : (1 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 45
,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (2 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,, 46
,,,,,,,,,, 8.? :, ;,,,, : (1 ),,,,,, 47
,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,, ;,, (2 ) 48
, :, ;,,,,, :,,, ;,, ;,,,,,,,,,, : ;,,,,, 49
,,,, ( ),,, (3 ),,,?,?, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 50
,,,,, 51
2 2. 1 1. ( ) A. B. C. D. 2. ( ) A. B. C. D. 3. ( ) A. B. C. D. 4.,, ( ) A. B. C. D. 5. ( ) A. B. C. D. : 1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. C 52
. 2 1., ( ) A. B. C. D. 2. ( ) A. B. C. D. 3. ( ) A. B. C. D. 4. ( ) A. B. C. D. 5. ( ) A. B. C. D. : 1. ABCD 2. ABCD 3. ABD 4. ABC 5. CD 2. 3 1. :, 53
2. :,, :, ;,,, ;,, 3. :,, ;,,, 100%, 100%, 95 %, 95%, 54
,,,, 3% 5%,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,, 4. :,,,,,,,,,, 55
,,,,,,,,,, 5. : 45 ( ), 45 ( ) 0, ; 1, 6. :,, A P 20 40,,,,,,,,, ;,, ;, ;,,, 56
, 2. 4 1.?? :,,, : : (1 ),,, ; (2 ), : (1 ),,,,, ; (2 ),, ; (3 ), : (1 ),, ; (2 ), 57
.? : ( 1),,,,,,, (2 ),,,,,,,,,, 3.? : ( 1),,,,,,,, (2 ),,,, 58
,,,,,, ;,, ;,,,,, (3 ),,,,,,,, 4.? :, :,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :, 59
;,,,,,,,,,,, 5. :,, : (1 ), GDP, (2 ),,,, (3 ),,,, (4 ),, 60
5 ),,,, 6. :,, (1 ) :,,, ( ),,,,,,, (2 ),,,,,,,,, 61
. : : (1 ),,, ;, ;, ;, (2 ),, :,, (3 ),, (4 ) ( 62
, 8. : ( 1), :,,,,,,,,,,, (2 ),,,,, 9. :,,,,,,,,,, 63
, :,,,,,,, (, ),,,,, ( ),,,,, 10. : : (1 ),,,,,,,,, (2 ),,,, 64
, (3 ),,,,, (4 ),,,, 11. : ( 1),,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (2 ),,, 65
2.? : ( 1),,,,, (2 ),,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,, 2. 5 1. :,, 66
, : (1 ),,,,,,,, (2 ),,, ;,,, (3 ),,, 2.? :,, ;, ; : (1 ), 67
:, ( ),,,,, ;,,, (2 ),,,,,,, (3 ),,,,,,,,, 68
,,,, 3. :,, ;, : (1 ),,,,,,,,,, (2 ),,,, (3 ),, ;, ; 69
; ;, (4 ),,,,,,, 70
3 3. 1 1. ( ) A. B. C. D. 2., ( ) A. B. C. D., 3. ( ) A. B. C. D. 4. ( ) A. B. C. D. 5., ( ) 71
A B. C. D. 6. ( ) A. B. C. D. 7. ( ) A. B. C. D. 8. ( ) A., B., C., D., 9., ( ) A. B. C. D. 10., ( ) A. B. C. D. : 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. C 9. B 10. B 3. 2 1. ( ) 72 A. B.
C D. 2., ( ) A. B. C., D.,, 3. ( ) A. B. C. D. 4. ( ) A. B. C. D. 5. ( ) A. B. C. D. 6. ( ) A. B. C., D. 7. ( ) A. B. 73
C D. 8. ( ) A. B. C. D. 9. ( ) A. B. C. D. 10., ( ) A. B. C. D. : 1. ABD 2. ABCD 3. ABC 4. ABC 5. ACD 6. AD 7. ABC 8. BC 9. ABCD 10. AC 3. 3 1. :,, 74
,,,,, 2. :,,,,,,,, :, ;, ;, ;, 3. :,,,, 75
. :, : ( 1) ; ( 2 ), ; ( 3), ; ( 4 ),, 5. :,,,,,,,,,, 6. :,,, 7. :,, 76
. : ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 9. :,, 10. :1941, ( Welfare State) :, ;, ;,, 20,, 11. :,,, : 77
2. : ( Wagner s Law ) 19,,,, :,,,, ;,,,, 13. BOT : BOT Build-Operate-Transfer ( - - ),,,,,, BOT, 14. :,,,,, 78 15. :,
,,, 3. 4 1.? : : (1 ),,,, (2 ),,,,,, (3 ),,,,,, 2. : : 79
1 ),, ( ),,,,, (2 ),,,,,,,,,, (3 ),,,,,,,, 3.,? :,,,,, : (1 ),, ; 80
,,,,, (2 ),,, ;, (3 ),, ;,, 4.?? : ( 1), ; ( ) ( ) (2 ) :,,,,, ( ),,,, 81
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 5.? : ( 1),, (2 ),,,,, 82
,,,,,,,,,,,,, 6. :,,, : (1 ),, (2 ),,,,, (3 ) 83
;,,, ( ) ( ),,,,,, ; ( ) ;,,,, 7.? :, (1 ),,,,, (2 ),,, 84
, (3 ),,,,,, 8. : : (1 ), (2 ),,,,, (3 ),, ( ) (4 ),,, 9. : ( 1),,,,,,, (2 ),,,,, 85
,,,,, (3 ),,,, 10., : ( 1),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (2 ), :,,,,,,,,,, 86
,,, ( ),,, ( ) ;, ( ),, 20 40,,,,,,,,,,, 11. :,,,,,,,,,,, 87
: ; ;,,,,,,, 12.? :,,,,, : (1 ),,,,,, (2 ),,,,, 88
3 ),,,,,, 13.? :,, : (1 ),,,,,, (2 ),,,,,, (3 ),,,, 14. ( ) : ( 1),,, 89
, ;,,, (2 ),, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,, BOT ( Build-Opera te-t ransfer),,,,,, 90
5. :,,, : (1 ),,,, ;, (2 ),, (3 ), ;, (4 ),, ;, (5 ),, ;,, 16. :, 91
,,,,, : (1 ),,,,, ;,,,,,,,,, (2 ),,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 92
(3 ) :,,,, 17. :, (1 ),,,,,,,,,,, (2 ),,,,, 93
,,,,,, (3 ),,,, 1998 2000,, 1998 1999 2 100,,, ;, 1998 5,, (4 ),,,,,,,,, 1825, ;, 94
1997 18.? :,,,,,,, : (1 ),,,, (2 ),,,,, (3 ),,,, 19. :,,, : (1 ),, 95
,, (2 ),, A,,,,,,,, (3 ),,,, ;,,, 20.,? :, : (1 ), ;, (2 ), (3 ) ; 96
(4 ) ; 21. : ( 1), :,,, 20 70 60 % 80 %,,,,,,, (2 ) : ; :,, 97
2.? : ( 1),, (2 ), :,, :, ;,,,,,,,,,,,, :, ;,, 98
3.? : : (1 ),,,,, (2 ), ( ), (3 ), ( ),,, (4 ),,, 24.? :, 99
(1 ),,, (2 ),,, (3 ), GDP 15%, 30%, (4 ),,,, (5 ),,,,,,,,,, (6 ) 100
,,, 25., : ( 1),,,,, 30,,,,,,, 20 30, 10,,,,, 1980 1990, 101
,, G NP,, ; GNP, (2 ), ( ),,,,,,,?, GDP 1986 1995 10 1, 1995 10. 36%, 1/ 4, 3/ 5, 10 0. 572, 0. 076,,,,,,, 26.? : ( 1), :, 102
,,,,,,,,,,, (2 ), :,,,,,, (3 ), :,,,,,, ( ) ( ),,, :,,, ;, 103
,,,, 27. : ( 1) : ; ;,,,,,,, ; GDP ;,,,,,,,, 10,, :, 10 ;, 3. 7 ;, 4. 6 ; 2,,,, 104
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,, ;,,, ( ), GDP,,,,,,,,, G NP,, (2 ) :,, ;,, 105
,,,, : ; ; ;,,,,,,, 28. : ( 1) :,,,,,,,,,, (2 ) :,,,, 106
,, ( ),,,,,,,,,, (3 ) :,,,, ;,,,, 29. :, (1 ),,,,,, (2 ),,,,, 107
3 ),,,,, (4 ),,,,, (5 ) 3. 5 1., P = - aq + b, P = cq + d, E = cq + d, P, Q, a, b, c, d 0,? : P = - aq + b, P = - 2 aq + b, P = cq + d,, P = - 2 aq + b = P = cq + d, Q0 = ( b - d)/ ( c + 2 a), Q0, P2 = ( b + a d - ab)/ ( c + 2 a), P1 = ( d + bc - dc)/ ( c + 2 a),, P = - aq + b = P = cq + d, Q1 = ( b - d)/ ( c + a), P0 = ( bc + ad)/ ( c + a) : S = 1 2 ( P2 - P1 ) ( Q2 - Q1 ) = 1 2 [ a2 b - a 2 d/ ( c + 2 a) 2 ( c + a) ] 108
P0 = ( bc + ad)/ ( c + a) : 2., P = - aq + b, P = cq + d, E = eq, P, Q, a, b, c, d, e 0,? :, P = ( c + e) Q + d,, - aq + b = cq + d, Q2 = ( b - d)/ ( c + a),, ; P1 = d + ( c + e) ( b - d) c + a = d = c( b - d)/ ( c+ a), P = ( c + e) Q + d = - aq + b,, Q1, P0 = ( b - d)/ ( a + c + e),, : P3 = d + c( b - d) a + c + e, : : ( c + e) ( b - d) a + c + e, P2 = d + S = 1 2 ( Q2 - Q1 )( P1 - P0 ) = 1 2 ( b - d)e2 / (c + a) 2 ( a+ c+ e), : t = P3 - P2 = e( b - d) a + c + e 3., (1 ), 100, 400, 10 000 000 /, 5%, 1 000 000 /, 1, 10 000 / (2 ) 109
, 2, 200 000 000 /, 0. 01%, 100 000 /, 1 500 000 /, 1 : : : 10 000 000 (100 5% ) + 1 000 000 ( 100 5% ) + 10 000 400 = 59 000 000( ) : : 200 000 000 ( 2 0. 01% ) + 1 500 000 ( 2 0. 01% ) + 100 000 2 = 240 300( ) 240 300 59 000 000, 3. 6 1.?? : ( 1),,,,,,,,,,,, 110
( ),,,,,,,,, (2 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2. : ( 1) 111
:, :,, ;,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,, ;, 112
,, : :,,,,,, :,,,,, :,, ;,, ;, ( ),,,,,,,,,, 113
:,,,,,,, ;,, (2 ), :, :,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,, 114
,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,, 115
3.? :, (1 ) :,,,,, :,,,,, (2 ),,, ( / ) 0 1,,,, 116
,,, : (1 ) (, ) (2 ), ( ) (3 ) 4. :,, :,,,,,, ;,,,,, (1 ),,, C, V M,,, C, ( V + M), M,,, 117
, C,,,, V, : M; V,,, M, M,,,,,,,, ;,,, (2 ),,,,, ( ),,,,,, 118
,,,,,,,,,,, (3 ),,,,, :,,,,, 119
,,, :,,,, (4 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 120
,,,,,,,,,,, (5 ),,,, ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ),,,,,,,,,, 121
4 4. 1 1., ( ) A. B. C. D. 2. ( ) A. B. C. D. 3. ( ) A. B. C. D. 4., ( ) A. B. C. D. 5., ( ) A. B. C. D. 6. ( ) A., 122
B, C., D., 7., ( ) A. B. 1 C. 1 D. 1 8., ( ) A. B. C. D. 9., ( ) A. B. C. D. 10., ( ) A. B. C. D. : 1. C 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. A 7. D 8. D 9. D 10. C 4. 2 1. ( ) A. B. C. D. 123
. ( ) A. B. C. D. 3.,, ( ) A. B. C. D. 4. ( ) A. B. C. D. 5., ( ) A. B. C. D. 6. ( ) A. B. C. D. 7. ( ) A. B. C. D. 8. ( ) A. B., C. D. 9. ( ) A. B. C. D. 124
0. ( ) A. B. C. D. : 1. AC 2. AD 3. BC 4. ABD 5. BCD 6. ABCD 7. ABCD 8. ABCD 9. ACD 10. ABD 4. 3 1. :,,, :,,, ( ),,,,,, 2. :,,, 125
. :,,,,,,,,,,,, 4. :,,,, 5. : : 6. :, : ( 1), ( 2),, (3 ) 126
4),, 7. :, :, :,,, ;,, 8. :,, : ; ; ; 9. :,,,,, 10. :,, 127
, ;,,,,,,,, 11. :, : ( 1) ; ( 2),, ; (3 ),, ; ( 4),,,, 12. :,,,, : ;, ;, 128
,,,,, ;, 13. :,,,, ;,,,,, 14. :,,,,, 15. :,,,,,,,,, 16. : 129
,, 1. 5,, 17. :, ;,,,, 18. :, ;,, 19. :,, 20. :,,, 130
4. 4 1. :,,, : (1 ),, (2 ), (3 ),, 2. :,,,,, : (1 ),,,, 131
,,,, (2 ),,,, (3 ),, ;, (4 ),,, ;,,, 3.?? : ( 1) : ( ) ;,, ( ) ; ( ), (2 ),,, 132
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 4. : : (1 ),, ( ),,,,,,, (2 ), 133
(3 ),, (4 ) ( ),,,,, (5 ) ( ), 5.?? :,,,,, 134
,,,,,,,,,,, 6.? :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,, 135
, 7. :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 8. :, : (1 ),,,,,, 136
2 ),,,,,,, (3 ),,,,,,, ( ) ( ) :, ; ;,, ;,, (4 ),,,,, 9.? : 137
(1 ),,,,, (2 ),,,,,,,,,,,,, 10. : ( 1),,,,,, (2 ) :,, 138
,,,, ;,, (3 ),,,,,, 11.,? : ( 1),,,,,,,,,,,, (2 ),,,,, 139
,, ; 12. : ( 1),,,,,,,, (2 ),,,,,, (3 ),,,,,, 140
4 ),,,,,, 13. :, (1 ), ( ),, ; ( ),,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,, 141
,,,,, (2 ),,,, ;, ( ),, ( = - + ),,, 14. : ( 1),,,, (2 ),,, 142
,,,, (3 ) :,,,,,,, 15.? : ( 1), (2 ),,, (3 ),,,, 16. :,, 143
(1 ),,,, (2 ),,, : ;,, ;,, :, 17.??? : (1 ) :,,,,,, ( 144
,,,, (2 ),,,,,, ;,,,,,,, (3 ),, :,, : (1 ),,,, 145
2 ),,,,,,, (3 ),,,,,,, (4 ),,,, 18.?? : ( 1) (2 ) :,, ; :,, 146
,, 19.?? : ( 1),, : 13 (2 ),,,,,,,,, 20. :,,,, : (1 ),,,,,, 147
,,,,, (2 ),,,,,,,,,, (3 ),,,,,,,,,,, 21. : ( 1),,,,, 148
2 ),,, (3 ),,, ;, ( ),, (4 ),,,,,,,, 22.? :, : (1 ),,, :, 149
,,,,, (2 ),,,,,,,,, :,,, (3 ), 150
,,, :,,, (4 ),,,,,,, 23. :, : (1 ), (2 ) (3 ),, (4 ) 24. :, : (1 ),, 151
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),, ;,, ;,,,,,,, (2 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,, GDP,,,,, 152
,,,,,,,, 4. 5 1. :,,, (1 ),,,,,,,,,,, 153
,,,,,,,,, ( ) ;,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,, (2 ), 154
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2. :,,,,,,,,,, ; 155
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,, ( ),,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 156
: ( 1), (2 ) ( 3) ( 4 ) 3. :,,,, : (1 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),, (2 ), ( ), :,,,, 157
,, (3 ),,,,,,,,,, (4 ),,,,,,,,,, 1/ 3 (5 ),,, 158
,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,, ;,,,,,,, 159
5 5. 1 1. ( ) A. B. C. D. 2. ( ) A. B. C. D. 3. ( ) A. B. C. D. 4., ( ) A. B. C. D. 5., ( ) A. B. C. D. 6., ( ) A. B. C. D. 7., ( ) A. 160
B, C. D., 8. ( ) A., B. C. D. 9. ( ) A. B. C. D. 10. ( ) A. B. C. D. : 1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. B 6. A 7. A 8. A 9. C 10. D 5. 2 1. GDP ( ) A. B. C. D. 2. ( ) A.,,, 161
B C.,, ;, D.,, 3. 1978 1995 GDP, ( ) A. B. C. D. 4. ( ) A. B. C. D. 5. ( ) A. B. C. D. : 1. AC 2. AD 3. ABCD 4. ABCD 5. ABC 5. 3 1. :,, 162
: ; ; 2. :, : ; ( ) ; ; ; ; 3. :,,,,,,,, 4. :,,,, ( ) 163
GDP. :,,,, ;, ; 6. :,, ;,, 7. : G NP,,,, CNP 164
. 4 1.? :, (1 ),,, (2 ),, (3 ),, 2. : : (1 ),,,,, (2 ), (3 ),,,,,, (4 ),,,,,, 165
), 3.?? :,, :,,,,,,, (1 ),,,, (2 ) GDP,, (3 ),,,,,, (4 ),,, 166
,, ;, 4.? : GDP,,, : (1 ) a., ; b.,, ; c.,, a., GDP GDP,, ; b.,,,, a., GDP, ; b., 167
2 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,, 5.? :,, (1 ),,, (2 ) ; ; ; (3 ), : 168
, F, N, M, : F N = M N F M, F N, M N,, F M,, ( ) 6. :, (1 ),,,,,,,,, (2 ),,, (3 ),, 169
4 ),, 9% ; 20% ; (5 ),,,, 5%,, (6 ), C V M,, C V M C, C V,, V M,, M,,, 170
. :, :,, GDP,,,, GDP : (1 ) GDP,,,, (2 ),,,,, GDP, (3 ),,, 1995 GDP, 1993, GDP, 1996,, 171
4 ),,,,,,,,,,,, GDP,,,,,,,,,, 8. :,, (1 ),, ( ) ( 172
(2 ) :,,,,,,,,, (3 ),,,,,, 9. :,,,,,,,,, : 173
1 ),,,,,, ;,,,,,,, G NP ;,,,,,,,, (2 ) GNP,,,, GNP 174
0. : : (1 ) :, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,, 175
2 ),,,,,,,,, 11. :,,, : (1 ),, : ;, (2 ), GNP,,,,, (3 ),,,,,,, 176
,,, 12.,? :,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,, 13.? :,, 177
(1 ), (2 ), (3 ),, (4 ),, (5 ) : (1 ),, (2 ), ;, (3 ),,,,, (4 ),, ;, (5 ),,, ( ), 178
14.? : :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 15. :,, GNP, : (1 ) GNP,, 179
,,, GNP,,,, (2 ) GNP,,, GN P, G NP,,,,,,,,,, GN P, (3 ) GN P, ( ) GNP,,, 180
;, GN P,,,, GN P,, G NP (4 ) GN P,, ;,,,,,, GNP 5. 5 1. 65, 40%, 50 %, : ( 1) = = 40% 50% = 20% 181
2 ) = = 65 20% = 325( ) 5. 6 1. : ( 1),,,,,,, 90%, 1994,, (2 ),,, :,,, 40 % 182
69. 4%, 9. 8%,,, 90%, 20 80 82% 1979,,,,,, 50% 50, 80 %,,,, 50%,,,, (3 ),, ( ) ( ),,,,, 1994,,,,, (4 ) ( ), 183
,,,,,,,, 2. :,,, : ; (1 ),,, 1986, 15. 4 %, 24%, 37. 9%, 40. 19%, 19 80 GNP 10%, 100 20 80 20% 40% 184
,,,, Y, X, : Y = a + bx, a b :,,,,,,,,,,, GN P, ;,,,,, 20 5. 2%, 20 40%, 70 60%, 80% 1979 1987, 15%,,, 2. 8 185
50, 13, :,,, M ;, M,,,,,,,,,, (2 ),, ;,,, 186
GNP,, G NP ;,,,, 3.? :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,, 187
,,, :,, GDP, ;,,,,,,, 4.? :,,, GDP,, (1 ),,,,,,,,,, GDP,, 188
1984 1985, 1993 1994, ;1998 1999,,, : GDP ;,,,,,,,,,, (2 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 189
:, GDP, ;,, ;,,, 5. : : (1 ),, :,,,, (2 ),,, ( ),, 190
, ;,,,,,, (3 ),,,,,,,,,,, (4 ), :,,,,,,,, ;, 191
5 ),,,,,, : = + - -,,,,, 1993 7 1,,, :,,, ;,, (6 ),,,,, 192
,, ( ) ( ),,, 193
6 6. 1 1.,, 5, ( ) A. 40 % B. 50% C. 60 % D. 100% 2., ( ) A. B. C. D. 3. ( ) A. B. C. D. 4. ( ) A. B. C. D. 5. ( ) A. B. C. D. 6. ( ) A. B., 194
C, D. 7. ( ) A. B. C. D. 8. 90, 10%, 10 %,, ( ) A. 100 B. 810 C. 900 D. 90 9.,, ( ) A. B. C. D. 10., ( ) A. B. C. D. : 1. D 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. C 6. 2 1. ( ) A. B. C. D. 2., ( ) A. B. C. D. 3. ( ) 195
A B. C. D. 4., ( ) A. B. C. D. 5. ( ) A. B. C. D. 6. ;, ( ) A. B. C. D. 7. ( ) A. B. C. D., 8. ( ) A. B. C. D. 9. ( ) A. B. C. 196
D 10. ( ) A., B. C. D. : 1. ABD 2. ABD 3. AD 4. CD 5. ACD 6. ABC 7. ABCD 8. ABC 9. ABCD 10. ABCD 6. 3 1. :,,,,,,,, 2. :,,,, ;,,,,, ;,, 197
,,,,,, 3. :, (1 ),,,,,,,,, (2 ),, (3 ),,,, 4. :, ;,, 198
. :,,, ( ), ( ),, 6. :,,,,,,,,, ;,,, 7. :,,,,, 8. :,,, 199
,,,,,,,, 9. :,,,, :, ; ;,, ;,, 10. : ;, :, ;,,, 200
1. :, : ET = T/ T Y/ Y : E ; T ; T ; Y ( ) ; Y ( ) ET ; ET ; ET = 0, = 1, > 1,,, ; ET < 1,,, 12. :,,,,,, ;, 13. : 201
,,,, ;,, :,, 14. :,,,, ;, ;, 15. :,,,,, ;,,, :,, 16. :,,, 202
,,,,,, 17. :,,,,, :,, ; ;,, 18. :,,,,,,,, 19. : 203
,,, :,,, 20. : ( ),,,,,,,,,,,, 21. :, ( ),,,,,, :,, 204
,, ;, ; 22. :,,, :,,, ;,, ( ), 23. :, ( ) ( ),,,,,,,, 205
,,, ;,,,, 24. :, ( ) : ( ) ; ; ; ( ), ; ; ;, ; ; ; ; ; ; ;,, 25. :,, : ; ;,,, ; 206,
,,,,,,, 26. :,,,, : ;,,,,,,,, (,, ),,, (,, ), 27. :,,, 207
, ;,,, (,, ) (, ; ),,, ( ), ( ), 28. :, ( ), ;,,,,,,,,, 208
;, 1994 : 29. :,, : (1 ), ;, (2 ), ( ), ; ( ), (3 ),,,, ;,, 30. : :, (, ) (,, ) ;, 209
( ) ;, ( ) (, ),,, 6. 4 1. :,, (1 ),,,,,, (2 ) :,,,,,,,, (3 ), ( 210
,,,,,,, 2. :,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,, 3. :,, 211
,,, :,,,,,,,,,, : :, ;,,,, 4.? :, ( ) ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 212
,,,,,, ( ),,,,, 5. : ( 1) ;,,, (2 ), :,, ;,,, : = - : = - 6.,? : ( 1),, 213
,,,,, (2 ),,,,,,, 7.,? :, (1 ),,,,, T,, T,, (2 ),, T, T,, 214
. :,,,,,,,,,,,,, (1 ),,,,,,,,,,, (2 ),,,,,,,,,, 215
, ;,,,, ;,,,, (3 ),,,,,,, (4 ),,,,,,,, 9.? :,, ;,,,, ;, ( ),,, 216
,,,,,, :,, 10.? :, : (1 ),,,,,,,,,, (2 ),,,,,,, 217
3 ),,, ( ),,,,,, (4 ),,, ;,,, (5 ),,,,,,,,, :, ;,,, 11. : 218
:,,, ;,,, (1 ), ( ) ( ), (2 ),,, (3 ),,, 12.? : 16 : (1 ), 219
,, (2 ),, (3 ), ( ),,, (4 ),,,, 13. :,,, : (1 ),,,, (2 ),,,, 220
(3 ),,,,, 14.? : :,,,,,,,,,, ( ), > 1,,, ( ) ; < 1,,, ( ),,,,,, 221
5.?? :, :, (1 ), :,, ;,,,,,, (2 ) :,,,,,,, 16. : ( 1), (2 ),, (3 ),,, (4 ),,, (5 ), 222
6 ), (7 ),,, (8 ),,, (9 ),, (10),, (11),,, (12),,, (13),,, (14),,, 17. : : (1 ), 223
,,, ;,, ;,,, (2 ),,,,,,,, 30, (3 ),,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,, ;, 224
,, 18. : (1 ), GN P, ( ), ( ) (2 ), ( ), ( ) (3 ), ( ), ( ), :,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,, 19.? : ( 1) 225
,,,, (2 ),,,,,,, (3 ),,,,, (4 ),,,,,, 20.?? : ( 1) :,, :,, (2 ) :, : ; : 226
3 ) :,,,,,,,,,,, 21.? :,,,,,,, : (1 ), ; ;,,, ; ;, 227
2 ),, ;,, (3 ),,,,,,, ( 1 = 4. 546 ),,,, ;,,,,, (4 ),,, ( OECD) : ( ) ( ) ( ),,,,, 228
2. :, : (1 ),,,,,, ( ),,, ( ), (2 ),,,,,,,, (3 ),,,, (4 ),,,, ;,,,,,,, (5 ),, 229
994,, ; ; ; 23. :, : (1 ),,,,, (2 ),,, (3 ),, ;,,, (4 ), 24.? : 4 : (1 ), 230
10 % 30 % ; :, 1. 2%,, 12% (2 ),, 3% 5%,, (3 ),,,,,, (4 ),, 2/ 3, ;,, 231
6. 5 1., A, 88 889 2005 3 : (1 ) 80,, 8%, ; (2 ) 50, 10 000, 8 000 2 000 ; (3 ), 100 000, 150 000 ; (4 ) 60 000, ; (5 ) A,, 83 680,,, 88 800, ; (6 ), 5 800 000, 986 000 ; (7 ) 90 000, ; (8 ), 60 000 ( 5%, 10 % ) : (1 )? (2 )? 232
3 )? (4 ) 5? (5 )? (6 )? : ( 1) : 80 88 889 17% + 50 88 889 17 % + 60 000 (1 + 17 % ) 17% + 88 889 17 % = 1 988 276( ) (2 ) : 8 000 7% + 986 000 = 986 560( ) (3 ) : 1 988 276-986 560 = 1 001 716 ( ) (4 ) 5 88 889 (5 ) : 80 88 889 5 % + 50 88 889 5 % + 60 000 (1 + 17 % ) 5 % + 88 889 5 % = 584 787 ( ) (6 ) : 88 800 10% = 8 880( ) 2. P = - 0. 5 Q + 100, P = 2. 0 Q + 5, 1,, : ( 1),,, P = - 0. 5Q + 100 P = 2. 0Q + 5 : P0 = 81, Q0 = 38; 233
, : P = 2. 0 Q + 5 + 1 = 2. 0 Q + 6 P = - 0. 5Q + 100 P = 2. 0Q + 6 : P1 = 81. 2, Q1 = 37. 6; T = 1 37. 6 = 37. 6; 37. 6 (81. 2-81) = 7. 52; 37. 6-7. 52 = 30. 08; 7. 52/ 30. 08 = 1/ 4 0. 2 ( 81. 2-81 ), 0. 8 (1-0. 2 ), 0. 2/ 0. 8 = 1/ 4 (2 ) P = - 0. 5 Q + 100 : T R = PQ = ( - 0. 5 Q + 100 ) Q = - 0. 5 Q 2 + 100 Q M R = - Q + 100 M R = MC0, - Q + 100 = 2. 0 Q + 5 : Q0 = 31. 67 P = - 0. 5Q + 100, : P0 = 84. 17 1, : MC1 = 2. 0 Q + 5 + 1 = 2. 0 Q + 6 M R = MC1, - Q + 100 = 2. 0 Q + 6 : Q1 = 31. 33 T = 1 31. 33 = 31. 33 P = - 0. 5Q + 100, P1 = 84. 34 0. 17 ( 84. 34-84. 17), 234
. 83 (1-0. 17 ), 0. 17/ 0. 83 1/ 5 3., 2004 10 : (1 ) 30, 15,, 2%, 3,, 9, 24, 40. 95, 2 (2 ) 40,,, 20, 3, ( : 60% ; 20% ; 17% ; 8% ) : (1 ) ; (2 ) ; (3 ) 10 : ( 1) : = [ 15 30 ( 1 + 2% ) ] ( 1 + 0. 3% ) = 460. 38 ( ) 2% 3, 235
460. 38 60 % = 276. 23 ( ) = ( 460. 38 + 276. 23 )/ (1-8% ) = 800. 66 ( ), = 800. 66 8% = 64. 05 ( ) = 800. 66 17 % = 136. 11 ( ) (2 ) : = 20 + 3 = 23( ) = 23 20 % = 4. 6( ) = 23 + 4. 6 = 27. 6( ) = 27. 6 17 % = 4. 69 ( ) (3 ) 10 : = [40. 95/ ( 1 + 17% ) ] 24 = 840 ( ) = 840 17% = 142. 8 ( ) = (136. 11 + 9 7% )/ 30 28 + 4. 69 = 132. 31 ( ), 2, 28,, = 142. 8-132. 31 = 10. 49 ( ) 4. A, MC= 1, 6 000, MU = - Q+ 1 206 (1 ) A,?? ( 2) B, B P = - 0. 1 Q + 158, S = 4,,? ( 3 ) B? ( 4 ) A 236
?,? ( 5), : A. B. C. D. M U = - Q + 1 206 : ( 1) MC = 1, MC = MU Q0 = 1 205, = 6 000 P = - 0. 1 Q + 158 (2 ) (3 ) (4 ) (5 ) B P = t + 4 t Q = 6 000 t = 4, Q0 = 1 500 P = - 0. 1 Q + 158 P = 4 Q1 = 1 540 S = (1/ 2 ) 4 (1 540-1 500) = 80 MU = - Q + 1 206 ( P - 1) Q = 6 000 P1 = 6, Q1 = 1 200 S = (1/ 2 ) ( 6-1 ) ( 1 205-1 200 ) = 12. 5 5. 200, 400, 50,, 3, 4, 0. 3, 0. 2 17%, : ( 1) :,,,, 237
(400 + 50 ) 17% = 76. 5( ) (2 ) :, = ( 200 + 3 + 4) 17 % = 35. 19( ) (3 ) = 76. 5-35. 19 = 41. 31( ) 6. 25 000, 6-1 6-1 % 1 4 000 5 2 4 000 < 10 000 10 3 10 000 < 20 000 15 4 20 000 < 50 000 20 5 > 50 000 25 : ( 1) : 25 000, 20% = 25 000 20% = 5 000 (2 ) :, 25 000, : 4 000 5 % : = 4 000 5 % = 200( ) 4 000 10 000 10% : = ( 10 000-4 000 ) 10% = 600 ( ) 10 000 20 000 15% : = (20 000-10 000) 15 % = 1 500 ( ) 20 000 50 000 20% : = (50 000-20 000) 20 % = 6 000 ( ) = 200 + 600 + 1 500 + 6 000 = 9 300 ( ) 7. 1996, 238
20, 1996 2004, : : 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004-20 - 40 80 60 128 240 360 490 520 ( ) : :,, 5, 1996 1997, 1999, 10,, 1 2, 3 5,, 3,, 1998 1999,2000 2004, 15 % : : 1996 1997 1998 1999 0 2000 = 128 15% 50% = 9. 6 ( ) 2001 = 240 15% 50% = 18( ) 2002 = 360 15% 50% = 27( ) 2003 = 490 15% 50% = 36. 75 ( ) 2004 = 520 15% 50% = 39( ) 8., 2004 10 (1 ) 10, 24 570 ; 5, 22 230 ; 20, 21 060, (2 ) 3, 4 680, 239
340, (3 ) 6, 2 340, 3, 1 170,,, (4 ) 10,,, (5 ) 6,, 51 000, 6 000, 1 020, 10, ( )35 100, (6 ) 10, 3, 7 :, 10, ( : 25% ) : 10 24 570 + 5 22 230 + 20 21 060 : 17% 1 + 17% = 113 050( ) 3 4 680 + 2 340 17% = 2 380 ( ) 1 + 17% 6 2 340 3 1 170 17% - 17% = 1 530( ) 1 + 17% 1 + 17% 10 24 570 17% = 35 700( ) 1 + 17% 35 100 10 17% - 1 020 = 49 980( ) 1 + 17% 10 24 570 17% = 35 700( ) : 238 340 1 + 17% 10 24 570 + 5 22 230 + 20 21 060 : 25% 1 + 17% 240
166 250( ) 3 4 680 + 2 340 25% = 3 500 ( ) 1 + 17% 6 2 340 3 1 170 25% - 25% = 2 250( ) 1 + 17% 1 + 17% 10 24 570 25% = 52 500( ) 1 + 17% 10 35 100 51 000 + 6 000 + 1 020 25% - 25% 1 + 17% 1-25% = 31 660( ) 10 24 570 25% = 52 500( ) : 308 660 ( ) 1 + 17% 6. 6 1.?? :,, 1994,,, (1 ),,,,, ;,,,,,, 241
2 ),, (3 ),,,,,,,, (4 ),,,,,,,,,,,, (5 ), :,,,,,,,, ( ) 242
,,,,,,, :,,, 2.? : ( 1),,,,, ;,,,,,,,,, (2 ) 243
,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,, 1927,,,,,,,, (, ),,,,,, (3 ),,,,,,, 244,
( ), U, :,,,,,,,,,,,,, U,,,,,,,,, 20 80,,, ( ) U (4 ),,, ;,,, 245
. : 18,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,,,,, 246
. : ( 1),,,, (2 ) :,,,,,,, (3 ) :,,,, (4 ),,,,,, (5 ) 1994, :,,,,,,, (6 ),,,,, 247
,,,,,,, 11, 12, 5. : (1 ), : ; (2 ),,, :,,, ;,, (3 ), :,,, ;, :,, ;,,,, 248
,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,, 6. : ( 1), :,,,, 249
2 ),,,, ; ;,, : : : :,, 1993, 1994,, (3 ) 250
,,, :,,,,,, :,,,,,, (4 ), :,,,,,,,,,,, 251
,,,,,,,,,,, : ; ; ( ) 7. : ( 1) :,,,,,, 252
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (2 ),,,,,,, ; ; 253
,,,,,,,, ;,,, 254
7 7. 1 1. ( ) A. B. C. D. 2. ( ) A. B. C. D. GDP 3. ( ) A. B. C. D. 4. ( ) A. B. C. D. 5., ( ) A. B. C. D. 6., 255
) A. B. C. D. 7. ( ) A. B. C. D. 8., ( ) A. 20 % B. 25% C. 50 % D. 100% 9. ( ) A. B. C. D. 10. ( ) A. B. C. D. : 1. D 2. C 3. C 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. A 8. A 9. C 10. A 7. 2 1. ( ) A. B. C. D. 2. ( ) A. B. 256
C D. 3. ( ) A. B. C. D. 4. ( ) A. B. C. D. 5. ( ) A. B. C. D. : 1. ABC 2. ABC 3. ABCD 4. ABC 5. ACD 7. 3 1. : ( ),,, : (1 ),,,,, (2 ),,,,, 257
,,,, (3 ),,, 2. : ( ), ( ),,, :,,,, 3. : ( GDP ),,, : = 100%, 4. : ( ),,, 258
,, :, ;, ;, 25% 30% 5. :,,,,, 1985 ( ) 6. :,,, ;, :, 7. :,,, : 259
+ + = GDP ( ),,,,, :, 8. :,,, : ( 1),,, (2 ),, ( 3 ) (4 ),, ( ),,,,,,,, 260
. :,, :,,,,,,,,, 10. :,, ; 11. :,,,,,, ( ),,, ( ), 12. :,, 261
(1 ) (2 ), (3 ),, (4 ),,, (5 ),,,, (6 ),, 13. : : (1 ), (2 ),, (3 ),,,,, 262
4 ), 14. :, : (1 ) ; (2 ) ; (3 ) ; (4 ) 15. :,,,,, 16. :,,,,,,, 17. :,,,,, 263
,,,, 18. :,, : (1 ),,,, (2 ),,,,,,, 19. :,,,,,,,, 20. :, 264
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 21. :,,,, 22. :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 265
, 23. :,,,,, 7. 4 1. : ( 1),,,, ;,, (2 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,, (3 ), 266
,,,,,, (4 ),,,,,,,,,,,, ;, ;, ;,, 2. : ( 1), (2 ),,, (3 ),,,, 267
4 ),,,,,, 1984 3.? : ( 1),,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,, 268
,,, ;,,,,, (2 ),,,,,,, (3 ), :,,,,, 4. :,, (1 ) 269
,,,, (2 ),,,,, (3 ),,, ;, ( ) ;,, 5. :, : (1 ),,, 270
2 ),,,, (3 ),, ;, (4 ),,,,,,, ;, (5 ),,,,, 6. : ( 1),,, ;, (2 ), ;, (3 ) 271
,, ;,, (4 ),, ;,,, (5 ),,,,,,,, 7. : ( 1) :,,,,,,, 272
2 ) :,,, ;,,,,,, 8.? :, (1 ),,,,, :,,, ;,, (2 ) 273
,, ;,,,,,,, (3 ),,,, ;,,,,,,,,, (4 ), :, 274
,,,,, (5 ),,,, 9. : ( 1),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 275
, :,, ( ) (2 ),,,,,,, (3 ), :,,,,,,,, ;,,,,, ;,,, ;,,,,,, 276
0. : ( 1), ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (2 ) :, ;,, ;,,,,, 277
;,,,,,, 11. :, ( ) (1 ),,,, 2 % 5 %, ;, 20,,,, (2 ), : ( IBRD ) ( IDA) ( I FC ), 20,, 0. 75% ;, 35,, 0. 75 %, 0. 5% ;, 7 15,, 278
, (3 ),,,,,,, 60% 20 90,,1998 46. 7 % 12.? : ( 1),,,,,, (2 ),,,,, (3 ),,,, 279
(4 ),,,, (5 ),, 13. : : (1 ),, (2 ),, (3 ),,,, 14.? : ( 1), : 280
,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,, (2 ),,,,,,, 281
,, 7. 5 1.?? : ( 1),,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,, 282
, (2 ) :,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 283
,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 284
. : ( 1),, : ; ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (2 ) :,,,,,,,,, 285
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3. :, ;, ; : (1 ),,,,,,,,, 286
(2 ) ( ),,,, (3 ),,,,,,,,,,, ;,,, :,, ;,,,,, (4 ),,,,,, 287
4. :, (1 ) :,,,,,, (2 ) :,,, ( ) ( ) :,,,,,,, (3 ) 288
( ) :,,, (4 ) :,,,,, (5 ),,, 5.?? :,, (1 ),,,,,,,, 289
,,,,,,, (2 ),,,,,,,,,, 290
. : ( 1),,,,, 90%, 10, 20,, 38,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,, ; 291
, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,, 292
,,,,,, (2 ), :,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( / ) 5 /, 30 /, 293
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ), ( ),,,,,,, 294
,,,,, (3 ), :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ; ;,,, 295
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2002 1/ 10,,,,, 1995 5,,,,,,, ( ),,, 296
,,,,, 7.? :, :,,, (1 ), ;,,,,,,,,,,, (2 ),,,,,, 297
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (3 ),,, 8. :,,,, : (1 ),,, 298
,,,, (2 ),,,,,,, ;,,, ;,,,,, ;,,,,, ;,,,, 299
,, ;,,,,,,, (3 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 300
8 8. 1 1., ( ) A. B. C. D. 2. ( ) A. B. C., D., 3. ( ) A. B. C. D. 4. ( ) A. B. C. D. 301
. ( ) A. B. C. D. 6., ( ) A. B. C. D. 7., ( ) A. B. C. D. 8., ( ) A. B. C. D. 9., ( ) A. B. C. D. 10. ( ) A. B. C. D. : 1. C 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. D 6. D 7. B 8. B 9. B 10. A 8. 2 1., ( ) A. B. C. D. 302
. ( ) A. B. C. D. 3. ( ) A. B. C. D. 4. ( ) A. B. C. D. 5. ( ) A. B. C. D. : 1. ABC 2. AB 3. ABCD 4. AC 5. BD 8. 3 1. :,,,,, 2. :, 303
),,,, 3. :,,,, 4. :,,,,,, 5. :,,,,,,,, 6. :, 304
, : ( Pure Tax Supplement),,, ; ( Tax Piggyback ),,, 8. 4 1.,? : ( 1),, ;,,,,, (2 ),,,,, 305
,,,,,,,, 2. :, ( ),,,,,,,,,,, 3. :, : 306
1 ),,, (2 ),,,,,, (3 ),,,,,,,, 4. :, ( ), ( ),,,, ( ),,,,, 307
,,,,, : (1 ),, (2 ),,,,,,,,,, ( ) ( ) :, ;, ( ) (3 ), ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 5. : 308
,,,,, ( ),,, :, (1 ), (2 ), (3 ), (4 ), ( ) ( ) ( ) 6.? :,, : (1 ),, 309
, (2 ),,, (3 ),,,, = +, (4 ),,,,,,, 7.? : : (1 ) ( ) ; (2 ), ; (3 ), ; (4 ),, 310
8.? :,,, (1 ),?,, ;,,, (2 ),,,, (3 ), ( ),, (4 ), : 311
, ;, ;, (5 ),,,, 9.? : : (1 ) (2 ), (3 ) (4 ) (5 ) (6 ) 10. : ( 1),,, ;,,,,,,,, 312
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (2 ),,, :,,,,,, :,,,,,,,, 313
,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 314
1. :,,,, (1 ),,,,,, ( ),, (2 ),,,, ; ;,, (3 ) 315
,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,, (4 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 12.,? : :?,, 316
, : (1 ),, (2 ),,,,, (3 ) (4 ),, (5 ), (6 ),, (7 ),,, (8 ),,,,, 317
3.? :, (1 ),, (2 ),,,, (3 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (4 ),,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,, 318
5 ),,,, (6 ), ( ), ( ),, (7 ), 14.? :,, ( ),,,, : (1 ),,, (2 ),,, (3 ), 319
(4 ),,,, ;,,,,,,, 8. 5 1. :,,,,, ;,,, ;, ( ),, 320
1 ),,,,,, : = ( - ),,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,, 321
(2 ),,,,,,, : 1 0. 5,, 1, 5, 2, 1,,,,,,,,, 322
,,,,, ( ) ( ),,, ;, ;,,,,,,,, 2. : ( 1) :,, ;, 323
;,,,, (2 ), : : a.,,,, b.,,,,,, c.,,, : a. b.,,,, ;,,,, 324
.? :,,, (1 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,, : a., b.,, c., 325
d, e. f.,, : a.,,, b. c.,,, : a.,,, b.,,, c.,,, d.,, (2 ), 60% 326
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (3 ),,,, ;,, ( GDP ),,, 327
) ( ),,,,,, 4.? :,, : ;, (1 ),,,, ;,,,,,,, (2 ),,,,,,, 328
,,,,,,,, (3 ),,, :,,,?,,, ;,,,, (,, ),,,,,, 329
,,,,,,, 330
9 9. 1 1., ( ) A. B. C. D. 2. ( ) A. B. C. D. 3. ( ) A. B. C. D. 4. ( ) A. B. C. D. 5., ( ) A. B. C. D. 6. ( ) 331
A B. C. D. 7., ( ) A. B. C. D. 8. ( ) A. B. C. D. 9. ( ) A. B. C. D. 10., ( ) A. B. C. D. : 1. C 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. D 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. C 9. 2 1. ( ) A. B. C. D. 2. ( ) A. B. 332
C D. 3. ( ) A. B. C. D. 4. ( ) A. B. C. D. 5. ( ) A. B. C. D. : 1. ABD 2. AC 3. ABCD 4. BC 5. BCD 9. 3 1. :,, budget,,, budget, 333
. :,,,,,,, 3. :, :,, ;,,,,,, 4. : ( ) ( ) ;,,, 5. :, 334
. :, ( ), 7. :,,,,,,,,, 8. :,,, : ; ;,,,, ; ( ) ;,,, 335
. : 20 80, ( ),,,, ;,80%, 20 %,,, :,, ; 1980, 1979,,,,,,,,,,,, 10. :, : ; ( ) ; ; ; 336
,,,,,,, 11. :,,,, ;,, 12. :,,,, ( ) ;,, ( ), 13. :,,,,,,, 337
,,,, 14. :, 20 40,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 15. :,,,,, 338 16. :
: ( 1 ),,, ; ( 2 ),,, ; ( 3) ; ( 4 ) ; (5 ),,,,,, ;,,,, 17. :,,,,,,,, 1999 9 20 2000, 2000, 339
. 4 1.?? : ( 1),,,, (2 ) :,,,,,,,,,,, (3 ) :,, 340
,, ; ; ;,,,,,,, 2. :,,, : (1 ) ; (2 ) ; (3 ),, : (1 ),,,, ; (2 ), 341
; (3 ),, 3. :,,, : (1 ),,,,,, (2 ),,,,,, (3 ),,,,, (4 ), 342
;,, (5 ),,,,,,,, (6 ) ;, 4., : ( 1),,,,,,,,,,, :, ;,, 1993 ;, 343
, ;, ;, (2 ),, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;, ; ;,, ;, 5. :,,, : (1 ), (2 ),,,, (3 ) 344
4 ) (5 ),, 6. : 14 15,,,,, 1640, 1689,,,,,,,,, 1789,, 19,,,,,, 345
,,,,,,,, ( ),, 7. : :,, ;,,, : (1 ),,, (2 ), (3 ),,, 346
. :, (1 ),,,, (2 ),,,,, (3 ),, (4 ),,,, (5 ),,, (365 ) :, 1 1 12 31, ;,, 12,, 10 1, 9 30 347
,, 9. : ( ),,, : (1 ) ( ) (2 ) ( ), (3 ) ( ) (4 ) ( ) (5 ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (6 ) 348
,, 10. :, :, (1 ), :,,,,,,,, (2 ),,, :,,, ( ) ( ) ( ) 349
,,,,,,,,,, 11. : ( 1), : ( ), ( ),,,,,,,, (2 ),,,,,,, (3 ),, (4 ),,,, 350
,, (5 ),,,, (6 ),,, 12. : : (1 ),,,,, (2 ),,,, ;, (3 ) 1996, 13 ( ) ;, 1996,, 351
),, (4 ), ;,,,,,,,, (5 ),,, ;, ;,,, ;,, ;, 9. 5 1. :, : 352
20 30,,,,, : (1 ),, ; (2 ), ; (3 ) ; (4 ),, :,,, ;,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,, :,,,, 353
,,,,,,,, : (1 ),,,,,,,,, ; (2 ),,,,,,, ; (3 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,, 354
,,,,, :,,, : (1 ),, ; (2 ),,, (3 ),,,,,, 2.?? : ( 1),,,,,,,, 1999 9 20 2000, 2000, 355
2 ), :,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ; ;,,,,, 356
3.? : ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,, : (1 ), ( ),,,,,,, ;,, 357
,,,,,,, (2 ),,,, ;,, ;,, ;,,,, ;,, 358
,,, 4. : : (1 ),, :, 12,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,.,,,,, 12,, 359
, ( ) ;, ( ),,,,,,, 6,,,, (2 ),,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,, 360
1 0 10. 1 1., ( ) A. B. C. D. 2., ( ) A. B. C. D. 3. ( ) A. B. C., D. 4. ( ) A., B. C., D., 361
.,, ( ) A. B., C. D. 6. ( ) A. B. C. D. 7. ( ) A. B. C. D. 8. ( ) A. B. C. D. 9., ( ) A. B. C. D. 10., ( ) A. B. C. D. : 1. D 2. D 3. D 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. C 8. C 9. D 10. A 362
0. 2 1. ( ) A. B. C. D. 1998 2. ( ) A. B. C. D. 3., ( ) A. B. C. D. 4. ( ) A. B. C. D. 5. ( ) A. B. C. D. : 1. CD 2. AB 3. AD 4. BCD 5. BCD 363
0. 3 1. :,,,,,,, 2. :, :,,,, ;,,,,,,,, 3. :,,, 4. :, : ;, 364
,,,,,, 5. :,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 365
. :,,,,,,,,,,, 7. :,, :,,, ;,,,,, 8. :, A 20 40,,,, 366
,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 9. :,,,,,,, 10. :,, ( ),,, 10. 4 1. : ( 1), 367
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (2 ) :,, ;,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,, (3 ), : :,,,,,,,,,, 368
,,,,,,, :,,,, 1998,,, 2.? :,,, : (1 ),, ;,,,,,,, ;,,, (2 ),,, 369
,,,,,,,,,,,, (3 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (4 ),,, :,, 370
,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,, 3. :,,,,, (1 ),, :,,,,,,, : 371
),,,,,,,, (2 ),,,, :,,,,,,,,,, (3 ),,,,, 372
,, 4. :,,,,,,,,,,,,, : (1 ),,,,,,,,,, (2 ),,,,, 40 %, 90%, 373
),,,,, (3 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 5. :,,, : (1 ),,, ( ),, 374
, ( ),,,,,,,, ( ),, : 100% ; GNP 25% ; 20%,,,, GDP (2 ),,,,, : ( ) ;, : GDP, 60%, 375
,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 6.,? :,,,,,,, :,, : (1 ),, 376
2 ),, (3 ),,,,, (1 ) (2 ) (3 ) 7.,? :,, (1 ),,,,,,,,,, (2 ),,, (3 ), 377
,, ;,,, 8. : ( 1),,,,, :,, ;,, ;,, ;, (2 ),,,,, :,, ;,, ;,, 9.? : :, (1 ), 378
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :, M1,, M1, M1, M2, M1, M2, M1,,,,,,,,, 379
, (2 ) :,,,, ;,, (3 ),,,, 10.,? :, : (1 ),,,,,, (2 ), (3 ), (4 ),,, ;,,, 380
1. :, : (1 ),,,,,,,, (2 ),,,,, (3 ),,,,,,, (4 ),,, 12. :, : (1 ), 381
,, (2 ),, ( ),, (3 ),,,, 10. 5 1. :,,,, ;,,,, : C+ S + T + M = C + I + G + X, C S T M ;, C I G X :,, 382
: G - T = ( S - I) + ( M - X), G > T, ; G < T S I, M X S > I,, ;, M < X, ;, : = + :, M - X > 0, S > I,, :, ;,, S = I, S < I,, :,, 2.? :,,,, 20 70 90, 383
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 384
, M = Bm, M, B, m,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,, 3. :,,,,, (1 ),,,,,,,, 385
,, (2 ),,,,,,,,,,,,, 1994, 1994,, (3 ),,,,,,,,,,,,, (4 ), 386
,,,,,,, 4. :,,,,,, : (1 ),,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,, 387
2 ), :,,, ( ) :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 388
. :,, ;,,,,, (1 ),,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,, 389
,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,, ;,,, ;,,,,, ( ) 20%, 30%, ( ),, 20 90,, (2 ) 390
ey ), ( T) ( Y ) (GDP ) : ey = T T Y Y eg DP = T T GDP GDP 1,, 20, 1989 1997 2000 1, 1, 0. 53,,,, GDP,,,, (3 ),,,,,,, (4 ),, :,, 391
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :, ;,,,,,,,, (5 ),,,,,,,,, 392
,,, 6.? : : (1 ),,,,,,,,,,, (2 ),, ( ) : ( ), ;,,,,,, 393
3 ),,,,,,,, (4 ),,,,,, (5 ), :,,,,,, (, ), 1 3,,, (6 ),,, 394
,,,,,,,,,,, (7 ),,,,,,,,,,,, 395
1 1 11. 1 1.,, ( ) A. B. C. D. 2., ( ) A. B. C. D. 3. ( ) A. B. C. D. 4., ( ) A. B. C. D. 5. ( ) A. B. C. D. 6. ( ) A. 396
B C. D. 7., ( ) A., B., C. D. 8., ( ) A. B. C. D. 9. ( ) A. B. C. D. 10. ( ) A. B. C. D. : 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. D 6. D 7. A 8. C 9. D 10. B 11. 2 1. 397
) A. B. C. D. 2. ( ) A. B. C. D. 3. ( ) A., B., C. D.,, 4. ( ) A., B. C., D., 5. ( ) A. B. C. D. : 1. BD 2. ABC 3. ABCD 4. ABC 5. AB 11. 3 398 1. :
,, ;,,, 2. :,,,,,,,,,,, ;, 3. :, : ( 1 ),,,,,,,,,,,, 399
2),,,, ;, ( ),,,,, 4. :,,,,,, 5. :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 400
6. : ( ), 20 70,, : ( 1), ( 2 ) ( 3 ) (4 ) 7. : 20,, :, ;, ;,,, ;,, ;, ;,, 8. : 401
:,,,,,, ( ),,,, ( 50 % ),,,, 9. :,,,,,,,,,20 60 4 %,, 20 80 5. 5% 10. :,,,,,, 402
,,,,,, 11. :,,,,, 12. :, ( ),, 13. :,,, : ( 1 ),,, ; ( 2 ),,,,,, I S - L M, LM, I S, 403
( L M ),,,,, ;,, 1;,, 0 1 14. :,,,, : (1 ), ; (2 ),, ; (3 ),,, ; (4 ),,,,,, 404
,, 15. :,,,,, : (1 ), ; (2 ),, ; (3 ),, ; (4 ),,,,, 16. :, :,,,,,, ( ),,,,,, 405
,, 17. :,,,,, 20 30, - ( 1929 1933 ) :,, ;,, ;,,, ;,, 18. :,,,,, 1936,, 19. :, 1936 406
,, ( Y ), L1 ( Y ) ; ( r), L2 ( r), ( L) : L = L1 ( Y ) + L2 ( r) 11. 4 1.?? :,,, : (1 ) (2 ),,, : (3 ),, : 407
,, 2. :,,,,, ;,,,,,, : (1 ) ( ),, ( ),,,,,,,, ( ), (, ),,, (2 ),,,,, (3 ) 408
,,, (4 ),,,,,,, (5 ),,,, (6 ),,,, ( ),, ( ),,,,, 3.? :,,,, (1 ) 409
,,, (2 ),,,, (3 ), : ; ;,, (4 ),,, 4. :, I S,,,,, L M,,,,,,,, LM 410
,,, ( ), ( ), ( ) ;, ( ), ( ), 5. :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,, 411
: = ( ) + + ( ) 6. :,, :, (1 ),,,,,,,, ;,,,,, (2 ),,, ;,,, 412
,, (3 ),,,,,,, ;,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (1 ),, (2 ),, ; 413
3 ) 7.? :,,, : (1 ), ;,, (2 ),,,,,,, ;, (3 ),,,, 414
4 ),,, (5 ),,,,,,,,, 8. :, (1 ), : (2 ),, 415
,,,,, (3 ),,,, (4 ),,, :,,, ;,,,, GDP,, GDP,,,, ;,,,,,, GDP 416
,,, ;,, :, ;, 9. :, (1 ),,,,, ;,,,,, (2 ), :,,,,,,,,,, 417
(3 ),, 10. : : (1 ),, (2 ),, :,, :,,, 1997,,, 1997 3 1,, 4%, (3 ),,,, 1,, 418
,, (4 ),,,, :,,,, ;,,, 11.? :,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,, : (1 ),,,, (2 ), 419
;,, (3 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 12.? : ( 1),,,,,,, (2 ),,,,,, ( ),,,,,,, 420
,, 13.? :,,, (1 ),,,,, : (2 ),,,,,,, 421
,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 14. : ( 1) :,, ;,,,, ( C/ Y ), ( ) ;,,, (2 ) 422
, :,, ;, (3 ) :,,,,,,,,,,,,, 15.,,? : ( 1),,,,,,,,,,, 423
2 ), :,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,, (3 ),, :,,,,, (,, ),,, : ; ;,, 424
1. 5 1.? :,,,, : (1 ),,,,,,,, (2 ),, (3 ),,,,,,,,,, (4 ),,,,, 425
,,,,,,,,, :, ;, 2.? :,,,,, : (1 ),,,,, 426
(2 ), (3 ),,,, (4 ),,, 1992 1994,, 1993,,,,,,1999,,, 427
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3. :, : (1 ),,,, (2 ),,, (3 ) 428
,,, : ; :, ;, 4.? : (1 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (2 ) 429
,,,,,,,,,, (3 ),,,,,,,,,,,, 5.? :,,,, (1 ) GDP 430
,,, GDP,,,, ;,,,, GDP,, ( ),,,,,, (2 ),,,,,, ;,,, 431
,,,,,,,,, (3 ),,,,,,, ( ),,,, ;,,,,,,,,, 432
. :,,,,,,,, (1 ) : ;,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,, (2 ), :,,,, 433
,,,,,,,, (3 ),,,?, : ; ;,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,, 434
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 7.? :,,, ;,,,,,, 435
,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (1 ),,, :,, ;,,, (2 ),,,, :, 436
,,,,, I S - L M, 11-1 A. : B. : 11-1 LM, A I S, B I S, I S R Y 11-2 I S, C L M, D L M, I S R Y, I S, LM I S,, I S,, ; L M, I S, R,, I 437
Y, I S - L M L M 11-3: C. : D. : 11-2 11-3 L M,,,, I S 438
R0 R1 Y1,, LM, I S R2,,,,,,,, LM, I S,,,, LM (3 ),, :,,,,,, (4 ),,, :,,,,, I S - L M, 11-4 439
A : B. : 11-4 11-4 L M, A I S, B I S, R Y A. : B. : 11-5 11-5 I S, A L M, B L M, L M R Y I S,, L M,, LM 11-6, L M,,,, 440
1-6 LM,,,, LM0 LM1, E0 E1, Y0 Y1, L M,,,,, 441