22 11

21

21 2000 2 80 21 110 4 6 2 3 3 5 7 8 9

5.2 101 1 1 5.3 1.1 1 1.2 5 117 1.3 13 6 118 1.4 19 6.1 118 23 6.2 123 2 24 2.1 24 2.2 25 7 2.3 138 48 55 7.1 138 7.2 3 142 56 7.3 150 3.1 56 7.4 152 3.2 71 158 76 8 4 77 4.1 77 4.2 84 8.2 97 162 5 98 5.1 98 115 6.3 127 6.4 131 137 159 8.1 159 8.3 168 175

Ⅵ 9 176 9.1 176 9.2 A.3 212 189 B 213 195 B.1 213 10 196 211 A 211 A.1 211 A.2 211 B.2 213 C 214 10.1 C.1 214 196 C.2 215 10.2 D 215 200 D.1 215 10.3 D.2 216 204 D.3 10.4 217 208 219 210

1 1.1 1.1.1 1. 2002 7.2 km 204955 t 15658 tkm 8 9 3 2. 1 1 2 3000t 20000t 3 80 ~ 120km/h 4 5 6 7 2 1 1 /17 ~ 1 /11 2 1 /15 ~ 1 /10 1 /174 3. 1 100 ~ 300 400 ~ 500 2 5 ~ 10 3

2 1.1.2 1. 2002 176.5 km 2.5 km 111.6 t 6782 tkm 2. 1 2 3 4 3. 1 8t 2 10.6 13.5 11.2 3 11.1 27.7 13.7

3 1.1.3 1. 2002 163.8 km 202.1 t 51.6 tkm 1176 160 141 2. 1 1000km/h 10000km 2 10000m 3 3. 1 100t 2 3 1.1.4 1. 43 km 900

4 2002 12.16 km 300t 9500km 1000t 4500km 141832 t 27511 km 1.8 km 810 500 2. 1 1 50 t 2 3 1m 2 1 40% 84% 2 6.4 1.26 3 2.3 5.9 2.7 4 1 /5 3. 1 2 3

5 1.1.5 1. 2000 2.98 km 23792 t 1007 tkm1976 1080km 2. 1 1220mm t 2 30% 60% 3 4 15% 5 3. 1 2 4000 1.2 1.2.1 1.

6 2. 1 1

7 2 3 2 3 3. 1 2

8 3 4 5 1.2.2. 1. 1 1

9 2 2 1 2 3 4 2. 1 1 2 3 2 1

10 2 3 4 5 1.2.3 1. 1-1 1-2 1-1 1-2 1-3 S' S' A B OQ 1 OQ 2 OP 1 OP 2 2.

11 1-4 1-3 1-4 1-5 = E = Δ Q / Q ΔP / P =Δ Q P ΔP Q E 1 1 1-5 E > 1 E < 1 E = 1.2.4 1.

12 1 2 3 4 5 2. 1 2 3 4 5 6

13 85% 3. 1 2 3 4 5 1.3 1.3.1 1.

14 2. 1 2 1.1% ~ 28.4% 30% ~ 50% 3 4 1.3.2 1. 2. 1 1-6 1-6 S D D S S 1 A 1 Q 0 Q 1 P 0 P 1 S S 2

A A 2 Q 0 Q 2 P 0 P 2 2 1-7 D D 1 A A 1 Q 0 Q 2 P 0 P 1 D D 2 A A 2 Q 0 Q 1 P 0 P 2 3. 1-7 1 2 3 4 15

16 4. 3% 5. 1.3.3 1. 1 1990 9 0.26

17 2 1h 2. 200km 100km

18 1.3.4 1. 1 2 3 1 2 4

19 5 6 2. 3. 4. 10 26 146 17 30t 30t 20% 1.4 1.4.1 1.

20 2. 3. 1.4.2 1.

21 2. 1.4.3 1. 1 2 3 2.

22 1 2 3 1-1 2001 1 /3 1-1 2001 1 % / 8 8 25 25 37 36 9 8 21 23 1 427 6 1.4.4 1. 2.

25 50 1998 1957 1520t 2633t 503.9 tkm 2129.4 tkm 1707 15952 tkm 2.1.2 1 1950 ~ 1960 50% 2 3 2.2 2.2.1 1.

26 1 1 50t60t 100m 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2t 3m 3 9m 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 2 1435mm 1000mm 5t 16m 30t50t60t

60m 3 95m 3 115m 3 2. 1 0.02m 3 10kg 300 2 1 2 3 1 1t 2m 3 5m 2 4 3 4 1 50% 90% 2 20% 30% 40% 60% 250km 1 50% 70% 2 3 3 500km 3. 27

28 20 2.2.2 1m 3 6 1. 2. 1 1 2 2-1 1 2

29 3 2-1 -11 2 1 1 2 22 3

30 = 4 2 1 2 = - = 3 = 4 5 62-2 3 3 1

1 2 2-2 / 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 P C N Q G B PD T Z 2 1 2 3 31

32 4 5 6 3. 1 2-3 1 1 19 2 3 2 19 2 2-4

33 2-3 / / 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 /t / 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 1. 2. 3.

34 2-4 / / /kg /kg

35 4. 1 1 1 2 3 2 1 2 300mm 3 4

36 5 2 1 1 2 3 2-5 48h 48h 2

37 2-5 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

38 1. 3 4 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1. 2. 2.5m 1 2

39 a. b. 100 3 3 1 2 1 a. b. c.

40 2 a. b. c. d. e. f. 1.5m 3 a. b. c. 3 1 2 1 1

41 1 3 2 3 30 3 a. b.

42 4 4 1 2 3 5 1 2 a. 30 60

43 b. c. d. e. f. g. 3 a. b. c. d. e. f. g. 3%

45 4 5 2. 1 1 2 3 2 1 2 3 4 3 1 2 3

46 18 00 3. 1 2

47 3 4. 18 01 18 00 18 01 6 00 6 01 18 00 1 2 1

48 1 2 18 00 3 4 5 17 00 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 3 1 18 00 ~ 21 00 6 00 ~ 9 00 2 17 00 5 00 3 4 2.3 2.3.1 1.

49 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 LSA SCO 235 U 233 U 238 Pu 239 Pu 241 Pu 8 9 2. 1 1 43002 2 1 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ GB118061989 2

50 1 ~ 2 3 a. b. c. 4 5 6 3

51 4 5 12 6 7 11 2

52 1 1 2 3 4 2 1 2 2m 3 2.3.2 1. 1 2 1-10 11 ~ 15

53 0 ~ 7 2 2. 1 2 3 4 5 3. 1 1 2 3 2

54 2.3.3 1. 300mm 1750mm

55 2. 1 1 2 3 2 1 2 3 3 1 1 2 3 45 4 5 6 2 3 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

3 3.1 3.1.1 1. 19 2100 km 2 /3 900 km 520 km 70% 400 km 230 km20 50 20 70 20 km 2. 1906 1949 40 8.07 km 1949 ~ 1959 42.72 km 20 60 1959 50.79 km1965 51.45 km7 0.66 km 1000km

57 1000 1998 1200 1600 2000 1999 135.2 km 2.5 km 99% 1988 10 20 2001 169.8 km 1.94 km 2001 7207.1 km 54.8%2001 1056312 t 75.4% 2001 2010 12 3. 1 50km 50 ~ 200km 2 200km 3

58 4 5 3.1.2 1. 1 1 1 3t 3t 3t 4t 2 3 4 5

59 2 3 15 300km 24h 1000km 48h 2000km 72h 2 1 2 3 3

60 2. 1 1

61 2 2 3.1.3 1.

62 2. 3

63 3. 1 14 3.5m 3m 2 20t 3-1 3-1 /kg /m /m /m 1 40 ~ 100 14 ~ 20 3.5 ~ 4 3 ~ 3.5 2 > 100 ~ 180 > 20 ~ 25 > 4 ~ 4.5 > 3.5 ~ 4 3 > 180 ~ 300 > 25 ~ 40 > 4.5 ~ 5.5 > 4 ~ 5 4 > 300 > 40 > 5.5 > 5 1 1 2 123 4

64 3.1.4 1. 1 2 15% 30% 3 1 1 40% ~ 60%2 60% ~ 80%

65 2 1 60% ~ 80%2 40% ~ 60% 3 40% ~ 60% 4 5 6 7 8 10% ~ 20% 9 2. 1 3t /kgkm = + + 2 3t /kgkm = +

66 3 / km = + + 4 = + 3. 1 2

67 ΣC D = C fd + S C D E ΣC D C fd S C /tkm D E tkm ΣC D ΣC 1 = P 0 D E ΣC 1 P 0 /tkm P 0 = C fd / D E + S C 3.1.5 1. 1 1998 1 1 20 120km/h100km/h80km/h 60km/h

68 25000 ~ 55000 45000 ~ 80000 60000 ~ 100000 2 20 100km/h 60km/h 15000 ~ 30000 3 15 80km/h 40km/h 3000 ~ 7500 4 10 60km/h 30km/h 1000 ~ 4000 10 40km/h 20km/h 1 500 200 2. 3-2 0.50m 120km/h 3.50m 3.00m 2.50m 2.50m 3.50m 500m 3.50m 3.75m

69 3.50m 4.50m 3-3 3-2 /kmh 120 100 80 60 80 60 40 30 20 3.50 3.00 /m 3.00 2.50 2.50 1.50 0.75 3.00 2.50 1.50 1.50 0.75 0.25 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.50 0.75 0.75 /m 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.50 0.5 0.5 0.75 0.50 0.25 0.50 3-3 /kmh - 1 120 100 80 60 8 6 4 8 6 4 6 4 4 45.50 34.50 28.00 44.50 33.50 26.00 32.00 24.50 23.00 /m 26.00 24.50 21.50 20.00 3. 1.8t 1.8 ~ 6.0t 6 ~ 14.0t 14t

71 3.2 3.2.1 200 19 1865 20 60 20 70 1. 1 1220mm 1 t 2 95% 3% 10% 3 1 /3 1152km 23 3 4000km 2 5 60% LNG 300 m 3 /a 6000km 120 2000 tlng 200 12.5 m 3 LNG 20 12.5 m 3 LNG 2 40 LNG

72 4 5 1 /7 1:1:1.7 1m 3 3.76MJ /m 3 6000km 3.21MJ /m 3 1422mm 10MPa 6 2. 3. 1

73 2 3 3.2.2 1. 1 20 70 800mile 1mile 1609m 48in 1in 25.4mm 1977 130 2 20 60 5327km 3688km 68 1100m 1220mm1020mm820mm720mm 529mm 426mm 6 1 t 2. 1 1942 1958 150mm 300km1958 150mm 20km1970 400 km 1996 395 1723 km 1997 13014 t 90.3% 552 tkm

74 112880 m 3 60.95% 20837 m 3 km 1700km 2 4000km 1396 3. 1

75 2 1 1 2 3 4 2 1 PIG 2 3

76 3.2.3 100 t 204km 560 t 580km 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

4 4.1 4.1.1 1. 2. 960 km 2 5 900 5800 10.8 km 700 7 km 70% 988 1.3 km 1747km 1044km 5 7 km

78 1994 175m 393 m 3 300 km 1.1km 1084km 2 660km 1000 t 5000 t 35.37% 3000m 3 /s 5000m 3 /s 4.1.2 1. 1 2 1 2 3 1 2 ~ 3 3 ~ 6 2 3

79 4 20 60 5-25 ~ 15 C 6 4 44.7% 1 30 t 20 t 30 t 30 t 2 3 2. 1 1 2 3

80 2 4.1.3 1. 1 2 3 4 2. 1

81 4-1 4-1 2 / 2400 t 3562788 1. 2000t 2 3 2. 3. 0.5 /t 0.5 / 1. 27 2. 1000 20000 5 10 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 5 7. 8. 6

82 2 1 4-2 4-2 /m /t /m /t /m /m 3 1 a. b. c. d. e. 2

83 3 4 5t12m 3t10m 5 6 7 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 3 3 1 1 60

84 2 3 2 1 2 3 4.2 4.2.1 1. 2. 90% 4.2.2 1. 1 2 1 2 3

85 4 3 2. 1 2 3 3. 1 2 3

86 4 5 6 4. 1 1 W 2 / M 3 W/M 1 4 AV 5 6 2 1 2

87 3 F = F b 1 + S Q F 4.2.3 F b S Q 1. 1 2 1 2 3 2. 1 2 3 4

88 3. 1 2 3 4 5 4. 1CIF Cost Insurance Freight CIF 2000 CIP 1 1 a. b. c. d. e. 2 a. b.

89 c. 2 CIF 1 CIF CIF CIF CIF 2 CIF I Insurance 2000 CIF CIF 10% 3 CIF 4 CIF Symbolic Delivery Physical 2FOB Free On Board 2000 FCA 1 1 a. b.

90 c. 2 a. b. c. 2 FOB 1 FOBCIFCFR 2 FOB FOB 3 FOB FOB a. FOB Liner Terms b. FOB Under Tackle c. FOB Stowed d. FOB Trimmed FOB FOB

91 3CFR Cost And Freight CFR 2000 CPT 1 1 a. b. c. 2 a. b. c. 2 CFR 1 CFR FOB 2 CFR CFR a. CFR Liner Terms b. CFR Landed c. CFR Ex Ship s Hold

92 CFR CFR 3 CFR FOB CIF CFR 4FCA Free Carrier FCA 2000 1 1 a. b. c. 2 a. b. c. 2 FCA 2000 1 2

96 5 6 7 8 3 1 2 3 4 4.2.5 1. 1

97 2 2. 1 2 2 1 3 3. 1 27 1 10 2 3 4 2 31 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

5 5.1 5.1.1 1. 1903 1909 2. 1962 ~ 1971 17% 1 20 70

10% 1997 1998 1999 1993 2100 t1998 2820 t 34% 1997 1% 3.8%1992 ~ 1997 9.8% 2010 6.4% 7.7% 20 13 1996 720 70 370 1.65 9t 1.3 15 3146 tkm 3.5% 1 5.1.2 1. 850 ~ 900km/h 2. 3. 1997 1800 11 1 / 3000000 4. 99

100 5. 5.1.3 20 1949 11 2 1950 1950 12 12 40 150 tkm 1 500 t1974 50 2001 140.4 tkm 7524 171 t 1978 2000 GDP 18.5%16.8%16.9% 2 1978 37 1999 9 33 6 2000 1120 218 km 990 143 130 34 63 43 57 13 2001 527 9.23 1.1 t 1978 9 15 1999 1949 1.16% 7.59% 5-1 5-1 1950 ~ 1998 /tkm / 1950 157 1.04 767 1960 445 20.73 31788 1970 4822 21.73 36891 1980 42933 343.12 88866 1990 249951 1659.61 369722 1998 929736 5754.82 1400556 /t

101 2000 20 4.8% 6.4% 21 20 2019 2200 10% 4 1790 5.2 5.2.1 1. 1 2 3 1 ~ 2t 707 3 ~ 6t 747SP 8 ~ 10t 747COMBI 35t 2. 1

102 80% 2 1t 3. M N 45kg Q 45kg 10 20kg N 19.34 /kg 10 3868 200kg 13.69 /kg 1130

4. 1 2 3 5. 1969 189 1 / / 103

104 2 / 3 / / / / 5.2.2 1. 1

105

106 2

107 2. 1 1 2 3 4 2 EMAIL

108 3. 1 Not Negotiable

109 1 2 3 4 5 6 2 1 2 3 IATA

110 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 / 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35

111 5.2.3 36 37 1. 1 6000cm 3 336in 3 7000cm 3 427in 3 1kg 166in 3 194in 3 1lb 1lb 0.45kg 0.5kg 0.5kg 0.5kg 1kg 1kg 100.1kg 100.5kg 100.6kg 101.0kg 1lb 1lb 1lb 2 1kg 6000cm 3 366in 3 7000cm 3 427in 3 1lb 166in 3 194in 3 1 2 3 3 2. 1 1

112 45kg 45kg N 45kg 45kg 100lb Q45kg 45kg 100kg200kg300kg500kg 1000kg 1500kg 40kg 45kg 45kg 45kg 285kg BJS LON 45kg 26.66 285 = 7598.1 24.3 300 = 7290 300kg 7290 2 GCR 1 S 2 R 3

113 0001 ~ 0999 1000 ~ 1999 2000 ~ 2999 3000 ~ 3999 4000 ~ 4999 5000 ~ 5999 6000 ~ 6999 7000 ~ 7999 8000 ~ 8999 9000 ~ 9999 10 7000 7010 7021 7031 7050 7105 7107 TACT Rates 4 M TACT Rates 34 5kg

114 2 TACT Rates 3 4 5 1 20 7.6754lb 9.07 20 0.5% N. V. D

115 20 = - 20.00 /kg 0.5% 2 5.3 5.3.1 1. 8000km 3000 ~ 5000km 100t 3000km

116 V22 2. B MD An A Tu 1 707 747777 7E7 707 1957 30t 72.5t 6300km 777 1990 10 1995 5 17 777 200 A 229.5t 200 B A 200 C 12964km 300 368 ~ 550 100X 250 737 747 90 MD80MD82 MD90 2 A300 A310 A320 A318319320321 A330 /340 A380 50%

117 A380 3 150t 10410km 5.3.2 1. 2001 143 2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

6 6.1 19 30 19 50 20 60 20 70 6.1.1 1. Container Transport Container ISO 1 2 3 4 5 1m 3 1m 3 Twenty-feet Equivalent Units TEU 20ft

120 3. 1 1961 ISO/TC104 1 13 2438mm 12192mm9125mm6058mm2991mm 2591mm2438mm 6-1 2 6-1 /mm /mm /mm /kg 1A 1AA 2438 2591 12192 30480 1B 1BB 2438 2591 9125 25400 1 1C 1CC 2438 2591 2438 6058 20320 1D 2991 10160 1E 2438 1968 7110 1F 1460 5080 2 3A 3B 3C 2400 2000 2100 2650 1325 5080 2540 2 GB/T 14131998 6-2 6-2 /mm /kg 1AA 1CC 1OD 5D 2591 2438 0 ~ 5 2438 0 ~ 5 12192 6058 4012 1968 0 ~ 5 30480 20320 10000 5000

121 3 VIC 4 35ft 6.1.2 1. 1 Door to Door 2 Door to CY 3 Door to CFS 4 Cy to Door 5 Cy to CY 6 Cy to CFS 7 CFS to Door

122 8 CFS to CY 9 CFS to CFS 1 2 3 4 2. 1 Full Container LoadFCL 2 Less Than Container Load LCL

123 6.1.3 1 2 23% 70% ~ 80% 44% 3 4 5 6.2 6.2.1 1. 2. 3.

124 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 6.2.2 1. 2. Container Load Plan CLP 1 2 3 4

125 5 6 3. 4. 5. Equipment Interchange Receipt / 1 / 2

126 / / 6 3 OUT 12 3 / 3 IN 12 1 2 3 / 6.2.3 1. 15 15 1 2 3 4

127 Collapsible Container 1 /4 2. 1 2004 3 110 2 6.3 6.3.1 1. Land Bridge Transport

128 2. 20 50 1967 3. 6.3.2 Siberian Land BridgeSLB 1. 13000km 20000km 1 /3 1 /2 20% ~ 30% 2. 1971 10 TEU 15 1 /3 1 /5

129 6.3.3 1. North AmericanL Bridge 3200km 500 ~ 1000km 50% 1 ~ 2 5 ~ 6 3 2. 1971 / 3. Mexican Land bridge Isthmus Tehuantepec 1982 4. O. C. P. O. C. P. Overland Common Points O. C. P. O. C. P. O. C. P.

130 O. C. P. O. C. P. O. C. P. O. C. P. O. C. P. RATE LOCALRATE 3% ~ 5% 3.5 O. C. P. O. C. P. O. C. P. O. C. P. CFR / CIF O. C. P. Shipment from to O. C. P. O. C. P. O. C. P. Seattle Detroit Seattle O. C. P. O. C. P. Detroit Seattle O. C. P. Detroit O. C. P. O. C. P. O. C. P. O. C. P. O. C. P. O. C. P. O. C. P. 6.3.4 1. 1990 9 11

131 1992 9 20 1.08 km 4134km 8000km 11000km 2700 ~ 3300km 2. 22000km 30 ~ 35 11000km 23 ~ 28 3. Trans Asia RailwayTAR Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the PacificESCAP 6.4 6.4.1 1. Multimodal Transport 1980

132 1997 1 2 3 4 5 2. 3. 1 2 3

133 4 5 6.4.2 1. 1 2 3 4 5 2.

134 6.4.3 1. Airbridge Service 1 2 3 2. 1 TAT 2 TA 3 TA

135 15 1 /2 2 /3 3. / / 6.4.4 1. 1 2 2.

136 1 2 1 6 2 2 3 4 5 3. 1999 JVC 67 500 2001 601 1994 2001 3000 288 77.7 8 30 3 m 2 2001 8.63 300

137 500 1997 7 10% 15 36km 2 5% 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

7 7.1 7.1.1 1. 2.

139 7.1.2 1. 30 60 2. 3.

140 4. 5.

141 FOBCIFCFR 2000 6. 7. 7.1.3 1992 11 7

142 1995 1999 2001 7.2 7.2.1 1. 1

143 2 1 2 3

145 3 4 1 2 5 7.2.2 1. 1

146 2 2. 1

147 2 15 3 4 5 7.2.3 1. 1

148 200km 1 2 2. 1 2 3 4

149 5 6 7.2.4 1. 1 2 2. 1

150 2 3 4 5 7.3 7.3.1 1 2 3

151 4 5 6 7.3.2 1 2 3 4

152 7.3.3 1 2 3 4 5 7.4 7.4.1 1. 2. 1 2

153 3. 1 1 2 1958 11 21 1959 1 22 2004 2 1 3

154 1 2 4

155 2 1 2

156 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7.4.2 1.

157 3 3 15 60 7 15 9 2 7 14 7 14 14 21 2. 1950

158 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

8 8.1 8.1.1 1. 19 0.3 ~ 0.6 10 110 1.4 ~ 5.8 C 1987 Green Logistics Environmental Lgistics 2.

160 1 80% 1000 2 7% 3 1 2 3 200 4 3.

161 8.1.2 1. 2025 EDI JIT 2. 20 80 FFE

162 3. 1989 10 3 ~ 6 6 1 /101992 5 1993 2001 8.2 8.2.1 1. 2.

163 3. 1987 4. 1 2

164 3 8.2.2 1. 20 50% 140 VDC 1943 9 90% 10% 1800 800 9.1% 40 t 2. 8-1 ECE EEC EU ECE EEC EU 1992 1992 Ⅰ Ⅰ 1996 Ⅱ Ⅱ 2000 Ⅲ Ⅲ 2005 Ⅳ Ⅳ

165 Ⅲ 8-2 g/km 3500kg 3500kg 8-1 g/km CO NO 2 HC NO 2 PM 1986 15 4.6 4.6 1989 14.0 0.5 1992 Ⅰ 2.8 1.0 1.0 8.0 0.36 1996 Ⅱ 2.3 0.3 0.3 8.0 0.25 2000 Ⅲ 2.3 0.15 0.2 5.0 0.10 2005 Ⅳ 1.0 0.08 0.1 5.0 0.02 2008 Ⅴ 2.0 0.02 II I 2005 Ⅲ 2008 Ⅲ 8-2 g/km CO NO 2 HC NO 2 PM 1989 8.1 0.81 1991 2.6 0.75 0.25 6.75 0.34 1994 6.75 0.13 1996 2.6 0.38 0.913 1998 5.4 0.13 2000 2.1 0.19 0.16 2002 2.7 0.13 2004 1.06 0.125 0.078 2007 0.27 0.013 CO HC NO 2 PM

166 3. 1 1 1 1500 C NO 2 2 COHC 3 COCH 2 1 2 3 2 1 25% ~ 75% 20 ~ 50mg/m 3 100mg/m 3 20 70 CH3OCCH3 3 2 1 :9

167 20 t 200 t 200 t 70 t 1 /3 13.4% 3 4 1 2 5 8-3

168 8-3 230 200 150 100 50 540 8-4 8-4 /km 1 6 6 0.40 2 3 4 6 ~ 20 20 2t 20 ~ 50 50 2 ~ 5t 5t > 50 5 ~ 10t 10t 0.60 0.80 1.00 5 10 ~ 20t 20t 1.20 6 > 20t 1.60 8-3 8-4 8.3 8.3.1 1.

169 1 2 3 2. 3000 t 1.5 t 5000 1500 t 30% 70% 3. 1 2

171 2 1989 10 1992 2. 1 1t 900kg 2t 600kg 1t 2 3 500 4 3. 1 2

172 4. 70% 3113 t 141 t 4.5% 1993 2000 7000 t 50% 1 10 2 3 Ballard 2003 8 7 114kVA 6.8L 8.3.4 7683 1993 5345 1995 3518 1991

1. 1 1 100% 2 IBM 3 20 4 2 173 1 2 3 4 5

174 6 2. 1 2 3. 1 2 3 4

175 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

9 9.1 9.1.1 1. 1 10 km 2005 7.5 km 2000 km 1.4 2.5 km 2 km 9-1 9-1 km 1980 5 2000 6.8 2.16 1.46 2450 2005 7.5 2.5 2 3500 2 1 2 3

177 4 5 6 7 1 1980 NJ 4A X 6A X 6B X 6C X 3TEU 1997 7278 2 3 2 4 2. 1 20 60 20 70 9-2 1.76%2.39% 8900 2000 140 km

178 24 km 1.6 18.8 km 8.3% 13.4% 14.6km/km 2 99% 90% 1.9% 10.0% 160 km 2.5 3 km 17% 16km/km 2 99.5% 93% 0.5%3.0% 3 90% 2010 9-2 km 1989 0.0271 4.02 97.4 100.14 1995 0.21 10.5 115 2000 1.6 18.8 140 2005 2.5 28 160 2000 140 km 1 /5 1 / 14 1 /24 2 1 9-3 9-3 25 000 10 000 ~ 25000

179 2 000 ~ 7000 2 000 200 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 3. 1 1997 32 5000 2000 23000 300 1300 20 1 12 25% 1997 1000 TEU 7224 t 150 1080 30 65 1003 TEU

180 2 1 1985 1985 1988 1990 1992 2 1997 120 53 3 2 1 18000km

181 2 1 a. b. c. d. 2 a. b. 3 4 a. b. c. d. 5 6 a. b. c. d. 4. 1 1984 1990 1991 ~ 2001 15.9% 17.3%

182 30 ~ 40 20 2002 GDP 7% GDP 2 14% 1% 2002 80% 2002 9700 12% 1600 40% 2002 58.01% 6.4% 32.09% 6% WTO

183 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2

184 3 1 2 3 5. 1 1958 300km 1 11970 3000km2 1975 2000km3 1082km4 1137km 20 90 2 13532km 11532km 2000km

1 2 3 4 13-1 3 6 1850km 1994 1000km 2 13km 12.2km 10.7km 9.6km 5.8km 2 9.1.2 8.2% 54.9% 5.5% 300km/h 2.5 185 km

186 1. 1 2 2002 3 3 3 3 4 9-4 9-4 t /tkm 1980 42676 5053 382048 764 111279 5717 10525 491 9 1.41 1985 63322 7729 538062 1903 130709 8126 13650 603 20 4.15 1990 80094 11592 724040 3358 150681 10622 15750 627 37 8.2 1995 113194 17552 940387 4695 165855 12870 15274 590 101 22.3 1996 127430 17863 983860 5011 168803 12970 15992 585 115 24.93 1997 113406 19235 976536 5272 169734 13097 16002 579 125 29.1 1998 109555 19406 976004 5483 161243 12312 17419 606 140 33.4 1999 118000 21857 989000 5793 157000 12590 16300 580 160 35 1999 % 7.7 12.6 1.3 5.7-2.6 2.3-6.4-4.3 14.2 4.8

187 2. 1 80% 1997 708.3 TEU 508.2 TEU 82.2% 2 WTO 20 80 B747B767B737 A300A600 MD11MD82BAE146 3

188 1000km 10m 15000 1 666m 2 400kg 600 kg 9.1.3 1. 19.9 km 8.75 km 6 km 30%68.6% 6.25 km 200km 211km 63km 31.5% 30% 2. 20 70 129 30km 300t 60%

189 3. 7.4 km 2 1.5 11 15 300 900 9.2 9.2.1 20 90 1 2 3 4 1.

190 2. 3. 9.2.2 1. 2000 6.8 km 140 km 7855km 646 129 1120 151 km 2.5 km 135 t 43359 tkm 1344.48km/km 2 10.43km/ 6869.3km/km 2 253.59km/ 14680.4km/km 2 65.94km/ 5403.9km/km 2 21.6km/ 1885.8km/km 2 118.4km/ 2. 1 2005 160 km

191 20 km 16.7km/km 2 65 km 8 km 40% 2.5 km 28 km 18% 99.5% 93.0% 2.6 km 75% 2010 10 2 2005 800 14.3 t 135 45 2.5 t 1650 3 2005 3350km 950km 900km 1500km 2500km 7940km 54.2% 7.4% 200 2500 t

192 4 100n mile 50n mile 3h 4 9.2.3

194 1. / / EDI GPS QR ECR 2. 3. 9.2.5 1

2 3 195 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

10 10.1 35% ~ 50% 5% ~ 10% 10.1.1 1. 2. 3. 300km 300 ~ 500km 500km 500km 4. 15 ~ 20t 15 ~ 20t

197 5. 10.1.2 1. 1 A B D 700000 C 30 I 30% 10-1 10-1 R // T/ Q/ 0.10 21 100000 0.15 14 50000 0.20 5 50000 1.40 2 25000 ICDT/365 ICQ/2 C C C 10-2 10-2 R D 0.10 700000 = 70000 0.15 700000 = 105000 0.2 700000 = 140000 1.4 700000 = 980000 ICDT/ 0.30 30 700000 0.30 30 700000 0.30 30 700000 0.30 30 700000 365 21/365 = 362466 14/365 = 241644 5/365 = 86301 2/365 = 34521

198 0.30 30 100000 ICQ/2 /2 0.30 30 50000 0.30 30 50000 0.30 30 25000 = 450000 0.93 /2 = 209250 0.84 /2 = 189000 0.80 /2 = 90000 0.30 30.1 0.30 30.15 50000 0.30 30.2 50000 0.30 31.4 25000 ICQ/2 100000 /2 = 451500 0.93 /2 = 210296 0.84 /2 = 190260 0.80 /2 = 94200 1333966 766190 605561 1198721 10-2 2. 2 3000 100 3000 5 % 150 20 % A 10-3

199 10-3 - 1 / / 2.50 7 6.00 4 10.35 2 A 10-4 A 10-4 A 1500 30000.00 3750.00 26250.00 1950 39000.00 11700.00 27300.00 2250 45000.00 23287.50 21712.50 A A B 3. 1 2 3 4 5

200 10.2 10.2.1 1. 2. 1 n n n = 1 2 2 n n - 1 3 n 4 n n 3. 3 10-1 A J B C D E F G H I min A J 10-5 10-1

201 A A B C D B A AB B 10-5 n 1 1 A B 90 B 90 AB 2 A C 138 C 138 AC B C 90 + 66 = 156 3 A B D E 348 90 + 84 = 174 E 174 BE 4 A D 348 C F 138 + 90 = 228 F 228 CF E I 174 + 84 = 258 5 A D 348 C D 138 + 156 = 294 E F I H 174 + 84 = 258 228 + 60 = 288 I 258 EI 6 A C F I 7 A C F H I 8 H I D D H J D D G G J J J 348 138 + 156 = 294 228 + 60 = 288 258 + 126 = 384 H 288 FH 348 138 + 156 = 294 D 294 CD 288 + 132 = 360 288 + 48 = 336 258 + 126 = 384 288 + 126 = 414 258 + 126 = 384 J 384 IJ 1 A B AC BC A B C AB + BC = 90 + 66 = 156min A C 138min C 10-5 D E F 348min 174min

202 228min BE 174min E J 384min 10-5 ABEIJ 10.2.2 1. 2. 10-2 10-2a 10-2b 10-2 10.2.3 1.

203 2. 10-3 10-3 4 1368 7 8 6 4 4 10-3 2457 2 8 7 8 1 7 22 3 48 3 5 5 84 678 6 2 5 3. 1 2 3 10-4 10-4 1235 6 7 17 48653 48 10-3 10-4

204 10-4 580 50 + 50 + 90 + 100 = 290 90 310 50 + 90 + 50 = 190 1756 10-5 4. 10-5 10.3 10.3.1 1 2 3 4 5 6

205 10.3.2 1. 10% 1h 2. 1 2 3 3. 4 10-6a 1 10-6b 1 10-6b 10.3.3 5 10-6

206 10-6 a b 10-6 1 8:00AM 10:25AM 6 3:03PM 5:13PM 2 9:30AM 11:45AM 7 12:24PM 2:22PM 3 2:00PM 4:53PM 8 1:33PM 4:43PM 4 11:31AM 3:21PM 9 8:00AM 10:34AM 5 8:12AM 9:52AM 10 10:56AM 2:25PM 10-7 10-7 10.3.4 1.

207 2. 3. 10-8 10-8 a b 10-8 10-8a 10-8b 4. 10-9 5. 10-2 6.

208 10-9 a b 7. 8. 10.4

209 10.4.1 1. 1 2 3 4 2. 1 2 3 4 5

210 10.4.2 10.4.3 S = K 1 Q K 2 P + K 3 B + K 4 C + K 5 N + + K n O S K n n = 123 Q P B C N O 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

A A.1 International Chamber of ShippingICS ICS 1921 International Shipping Conference1948 23 50% ICS ICS 1 2 3 4 5 6 ICS ICS ICS A.2 International Maritime OrganizationIMO Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative OrganizationIMCO 1959 1 6 1 2 3 4

212 5 163 3 IMO IMO Assembly Council ~ Committee 5 300 40 10 A 10 B 20 A.3 Liner Conference 19 1875 7 360 1974

213 B B.1 International Civil Aviation OrganizationICAO 1944 1947 4 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 15 5 6 B.2 International Air Transport AssociationIATA 1945 4 16 1 2

214 3 IATA C C.1 C.1.1 C.1.2

215 C.2 C.2.1 Theowner s Broker C.2.2 Shipping Broker D D.1 1990 7 13 4 1995 6 29 2 1998

216 D.2 1. 2.

217 D.3 1. 2. 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

218 10 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 3 1 2 3

1.. 2004 2.. 2003 3.. 2004 4.. 2. 2003 5.. 2001 6.. 2003 7.. 8.. 2002 9.. 2002 10.. 2004 11.. 2003 12. 2003. 2003 13.. 2003 18 14.. 2003 12 15.. 22 3 16.. 2003 3

21 C