( ) SDJ161 85 SDJ16185( ) (85) 63 ( ) ( ) SDJ161 85 1.0.1 220kV ( ) 1.0.2 1.0.3 1.0.4 1.0.5
1.0.6 5 10 (5 ) 10 15 ( ) 23 1 2.1.1 2.1.2 ( ) 2.1.3 2.1.4 ( ) 2.1.5 2.1.6 2.1.7
2.1.8 2 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.2.5 20% 2%5% 10% 8%15% 2.2.6 10 5% 1. 2. 10 3 2.3.1 ( ) ( ) 2.3.2 2.3.3
1 3.1.1 3.1.2 510 3.1.3 ( ) 70%80% ( ) () 12 () () 70% 3.1.4 220kV
11.1 10% 0.95 0.951.0 3.1.5 3.1.6 (SD126 84) 2 3.2.1 220kV 220330500750kV 3.2.2 1015 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.2.5 100125MW 220kV 500MW 330kV 500kV 3.2.6 * * ( )
3.2.7 3.2.8 3 3.3.1 ( ) 3.3.2 ( ) 3.3.3 4 3.4.1 500kV ( ) 220 330kV 500kV 3.4.2
3.4.3 12 3.4.4 ( ) 3.4.5 ( ) ( ) 1000m 1000m 1 4.1.1 4.1.2 4.1.3 4.1.4 2 4.2.1
4.2.2 4.2.3 1 5.1.1 5.1.2 5.1.3 5.1.4 ( ) ( ) ( ) 5.1.5 Ed Xd 5.1.6 220kV 0.1s 0.10.15s 500kV 0.08s
2 5.2.1 ( ) 5.2.2 ( ) 3 5.3.1 ( ) 5.3.2 10 5.3.3 1 6.1.1 330500kV ( kv)1.3 1.4 6.1.2 6.1.3 Ed Xd 6.1.4 6.1.5 W Q X H > c d * (6.1.5-1) WH (MVA) QC (Mvar) Xd* ( ) Xd Xc(
) X X d C (6.1.5-2) 6.1.6 6.1.1 2 6.2.1 0.10.15s 6.2.2 6.2.3 7.0.1 7.0.2 7.0.3 ( ) 7.0.4 7.0.5 ( ) ( ) 7.0.6
( ) (%) 25 2550 50 (%) 8090 9095 9598 3000 30005000 5000 1.65 3.0 1.15 2.25 0.9 1.75 () (kv) (mm 2 ) 220 300400185 2240 2300 2400 2 330 300 2400 2 500 300 4400 4 (kv) 220 330 500 (mm) 21.3 21.3 2 27.4 3 23.7 4 (mm 2 ) 240 240 2 400 3 300 4 1980
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) SDJ16185 SDJ16185( ) SDJ16185( ) SDJ16185( ) 220kV 15 1980 1984
1986 6 1.0.1 1.0.2 30 1.0.2 1.0.2 220kV
110kV 220kV 1.0.3 1.0.4 1.0.5 ( ) 30 ( 510 ) 1.0.6 5 5 10 5 10 10 15 5 5
1 2.1.1 ( ) ( ) 2.1.2 0.1 / 0.4 / 0.5 (EEI) 2.1.2-1 2.1.2-1 (EEI ) (%) (MW) 19601969 19601971 19641973 19661975 6090 1.4 1.8 2.0 2.5 90130 1.9 3.4 3.5 4.0 150200 2.7 2.9 3.3 4.1 200390 3.9 4.4 4.9 5.9 390600 8.3 8.3 8.9 9.7 600 12.5 16.9 16.5 15 (NERC)19701979 10 2.1.2-2 2.1.2-2 (NERC )%
(MW) 200574 10.2 7.4 4.2 575 15.7 12 10.2 (MW) 1981 2.1.2-3 2.1.2-4 2.1.2-3 ( ) (%) 300320 200 100125 4050 25 1212.5 67 6 5 4 3 1 2.1.2-4 (%) (19801983) 6 1.2 1.2 12 1.8 1.12.6 25 3 1.5 2.7 30 1.3 0.7 50 3 1.37.5 3.24.5 60 7.5 100125 4 11.1 11.1 200350 5 15.8 36 3.2 4445 1 1.4 1.4 5075 1.5 100 1.4 225260 2.1 2 1 2.1.2-5 2.1.2-5 ( )
(MW) (%) ( ) 330 200 125 100 50 25 10 200 75 1036 900 14.36 ( ) 660 350 200250 120 60 7 6 5.5 5 4 3 2 2 1.5 1 12.77 7.37 5.5 4.09 7.06 150 4 4.5 2.1.3 2.1.4 ( ) 2.1.5 2.1.6
( ) 2.1.7 2.1.8 2 2.2.1 2.2.2 50% 10% 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.2.5 19811984 2.2.5
2.2.5 ( ) 1981 1982 1983 1984 1 4733.4 4817.4 4983.3 2 4148.4 4428.4 4549.3 3 3913 3939 4227 4 569 632 5 (%) 6 12.4 7.6 (2-3)/3 100 ( ) 6 (%) 15.6 14.4 15 4/3 100 1 8851.4 9502.9 10255.4 10380.4 2 7951.4 8477.9 9230.4 9355.4 3 6976 7375 7920 8427 4 1206 1305 1448 5 (%) 14 15 16.5 11 ( ) 6 (%) 15.1 16.4 16.5 17.2 1 5900 7680 10000 5850 2 77307530 5650 3 3870 5080 6880 4 950 1095 1927 ( ) 5 (%) 1511 129 6 (%) 24.5 21.6 28 1 7742 7792 7952 2 6515 6541 6890 3 6950 6095 6450 4 815 755 5 ( (%) 9.5 7.3 6.8 ) 6 (%) 14.7 13.4 11.7 2.2.5 ( ) 2.2.5 12%15% 15%17% 15%16% 22%28%( ) 15%20% 20% 20% (SPP) 15% 0.1 /
12% 20% (19811985 ) 13% 5% 7% 1% 30% 15% 1985 19761980 3800040000MW 16%18% 70%90% 2.2.6 3 2.3.1 5060 ( ) 23t
300MW 600MW ( ) ( ) 60%50% 2.3.2 2.3.3 1 3.1.1 220kV ( ) 220kV 40kA500kV 500kV 500kV 50kA 63kA (1985 11 ) 3.1.1-1 3.1.1-2 3.1.1-1 80 ka 220 400500kV 220275kV 400500kV 275kV 51 65 47 47 45 27 54 31 1983
50 50 3.1.1-2 19902000 ka 220275kV 400500kV 220275kV 400500kV 65 80 50 70 63 80 63 80 50 50 OntaRio 70 80100 70 80100 3.1.2 3.1.3 () () ( ) 60%70% 70% 70% 80% ( ) n-2 n-2 100% 3.1.4 220kV
220kV 5%+3%-7%0-10% +2%+12% 5% 0-10% 5%0-10% 10% BPA 230kV 242kV 218kV 500kV 550kV 500kV +5% 3.1.5 ( ) 2.4 2 3.2.1 220kV GB15680 (1981 ) 19847 750kV 3.2.2 500kV 220kV 220kV 500kV 260km 220kV 500kV 220kV C1( µ F / km) 0.01294 0.0218
C0( µ F / km) 0.00911 0.0172 r 1 + jx1( Ω / km) : 0.02816+ j0.2847 0.02816 + j0. 17 r + jx Ω/ km) : 0.332+ 0.865 0.332 + j0. 614 ( 0 0 j 3.2.2-1 3.2.2-2 3.2.2-1 3.2.2-2 LGJQ-3004 GJ-70 220kV 220kV 410MW 1500t 0.5t 1.38 /km 3.35 /km( ) 500kV 220kV 220kV ( ) 7 2.554.4 1.2 500kV 500kV 220kV 3.2.3 220kV 20km 3.2.4
1015 3.2.5 500MW 330 500kV 3.2.6 1965 11 12 ( ) 3.2.6 2000MW 3 2000MW 3 4000MW 6 4 3.2.6 (kv) (km) 500 300 (MW) 220kV 600 220kV 910 500 300 1260 500 300 500kV 4080 110km
3.2.7 10km 6km 3 3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 1968 5402160MW 640690km 5690km
3.3.3 4 3.4.1 ( ) ( (220kV100MVA ) (500kV 600MVA) 3.4.1 3.4.1 (%) 22 33.3 100 33.3 (%) 106 106 100 112 2000 500kV 3.4.2 3.4.3 500kV (500kV ) 3
2 3.4.4 3.4.5 1 4.1.1 4.1.2 4.1.3 4.1.4 330kV
( ) 0.950.98 2 4.2.1 4.2.2 500kV 4.2.2 60Mvar ( ) 220kV 1.8 38%1982 98 /kvar500kv 120Mvar 60Mvar1982 55 kvar 4.2.2 500kV 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ( ) ) 2. 1. 180 (Mvar) 60 180 60 ( ) 120( 50%) 220kV 1.5 (/kvar) ( ) ( ) (%) 0.13 0.13 1.7 0.87 (m 2 ) 1485 1485 5000 1881 12 () 12 2430 1215 8 610
9 10 23 20 30 1% 1% 0.25%/ 0.25%/ 0.5%~1.5%/ 0.25%/ 0.85/ 0.44%/ 20~30t/h 11 25 2 5~10 1~2 12 13 29.4t/h 0.48t/h 30Mvar 0.57%U e 0.5%U 0.25%U e TCR 57 14 1113 15 15.75kV
PKG 180 / 16 500kV ( ) ( ) ( ) 4.2.3 220kV 15%20% 220kV 1 5.1.1 5.1.2 ( )
5.1.3 5.1.4 3.1.5 5.1.5 5.1.6 2 5.2.1 5.2.2 ( ) ( ) 3 5.3.1 5.3.2 10 5.3.3
() ( ) 1 6.1.1 GE TR-420 1.4 500s ASEA XAP-420S 1.43 100s 1.4 5s 20s 1.5 ( ) 1.2 1.25 6.1.2 500kV ( ) 46h 8h 4h 6.1.3
6.1.4 6.1.4 6.1.4(a)(b) 6.1.4 (a) (b) x C12 x L12 ( x C12 ) x C0 x L0 x L0 x p x L12 x n 6.1.4 x L12 x L12 x L0 x L12 2 x p = +3x x n p x = x + x L0 p 3 n (6.1.4-1) (6.1.4-2) 6.1.4 x L0 x C0 x C12 U K L 90%100% K L 80%90% x n 6.1.4 x L12 =x C12 x n x L12 x L12 =x C12 2 x p = + 3x, x 9x x n p C12 C1
(x C1 ) x x 2 p n + = 3x p 9xC1 x n 2 x p x = = 9xC1 3x x p C1 9 x p p x = 9K 3 L p 3 6.1.5 6.1.6 2 6.2.1 6.2.1 6.2.1 500kV (km) () () () 175 160 190 160 240 (MW) 1720 50 390 320 640 (A) 32 21 19 14 25 19 14 12 19 18 17 11 21 () () 60%90% 100% ( 1975 )
1. 1.52.5m/s ( 90%) ( A) (s) 14 0.350.16 20 0.570.34 30 0.640.41 40 0.780.5 65 0.810.55 2. ( ) ( A) (s) 8 <0.1 12 0.150.1 14 0.260.18 3. 12A 0.40.5s 2m/s, 25m/s 1.52m/s 10kV 6.2.2 500kV 9.2m/s 7m/s 0.050.1s 6.2.2 (kv) ( (m/s) (kv) (s) A) 220 330 1964 12 <0.5 23.5 0.264 1964 12 1.75 23.7 0.283 1964 12 1.5 22.8 0.252 1973.5 19 28 1.04 1975.3 19 28 0.78
500 500 TVA Paradise Davison 500 BPA 1975.3 <5 2.5 9 0.085 1975.3 <5 0.8 5 0.11 1983. 1011 1969.6 1970.3 <1 2.5 60 0.079 <1 3 60 0.064 21.2 7 37 0.044 20.9 9.2 38.6 0.27 7.5 37 0.07 0.5s 0.5s 0.417s 22.5 12.5 59 0.125 0.417s 6.5 24.5 0.092 0.417s 40 1.4 49 1.7 0.93 6.2.2 ( ) 6.2.3 1982 2
NF = Z n r ( 1+ r0 ) n ( 1+ r ) NF ( m+1 m+n n ) Z m u 0 + u (7-1) 0 1 r 0 0.1 n ( 50 25 20 25 ) m Z = Z t ( + r ) t 1 m t 0 1 (7-2) Z t t m t n r0 ( 1+ r0 ) n ( 1+ r ) m m+ n m t u = ut ( 1+ r0 ) + u 0 1 t t t m+ 1 t ( 1+ r ) t 1 0 m (7-3) t u t t ( ) m F = Z + u ( + r ) m t t t Z t u t 12 t m Z 1 Z 2 Z m u t u m t m+ n m t 1 1 + u (7-4) 0 t ( 1+ r ) t t m+ 1 0 m m+1m+2 m+n u m+1 u m+2 u m+n m n m+n ( ) ( 6.1.1 )