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Transcription:

) Zhen duan xue shi xi zhi dao ()

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. 1. P P, avfv4 V5 V6, avr,, P 0.12, 0. 25mV, 0.2mV 2. P - R P QRS, P - R 0. 12 0.20 3. QRS QRS QRS 0.12, V1, 2 rs, Rv1 1.0mVV5,6 qrqrsrs R, R 2.5mV V1 V6 R, S V3, 4, R S avf, avr, Ra V R 0.5mV, R 1.5mV, Ra VL 1. 2mV, RaV F 2. 0mVQ 0.04, 1 4 R (avf ), V 1,2 Q, QS 4. J J QRS ST, J 5. ST ST QRS T, ST, ST 0.05mVST, V1,2 0.3mV, V3 0.5mV, V4,6 0. 1mV 6. T T T QRS, T V4 6, avr avlavfv13 T 1 10 R, avlavfv 1 3 7. QT QT QRS T, QT C = QT/ R - R, QT C 0. 44

U U T 0.02 0. 04 T, V3, 4 U. 1. (1 ) P, avfv46, avr, 60 / 100 /, 100 /, 60 / P - P, P - P ( R - R ) 0.12, P - P P, P - P P - P P - P (2 ) 1) 2) 3), 4), 2. (1 ) 1) P, P 2) P - R 0.12 3) 4) PQRS - T, 5) P, QRS,, (2 ) ( PSVT) 1) 2) 160 / 250 /,, QRS 3) (3 ) 1) P, ( F ), avf 2) F,, 250 / 350 /, ( 21 41 ), 3) QRS, (4 ) 1) P, ( f ), V1

f 350 / 600 / 3), QRS 4) R - R QRS, 3. (1 ) 1) QRS - T, P 2) P, QRS ( P- R 0. 12 ), QRS QRS ( R - P 0. 20 ) 3) (2 ) 1) QRS - T, QRS 2) QRS P 3) 3,, 40 / 60 / (3 ) 1) 70 / 100 / 2) QRS 3) P 4) 4. (1 ) 1) QRS - T, P 2) QRS, 0. 12, T QRS 3) 4) (2 ) 1) 140 / 200 /, 2) QRS, 0. 12 3) (3 ) QRS - T,, 200 / 250 /, (4 ) QRS - T,,, 250 / 500 /, 5. (1 ) 1) P - P, P - P ( ) 2) P - P 2 P - P

P - P P - P P - P P - P (2 ) P - P P - P (3 ) P, P - R ( P - R 0. 20, 0.22 ) (4 ) P, P - R, P, QRS, (5 ) ( Morbiz )P - R ( ), P ( P QRS ), 2 2 QRS (6) ( ) P QRS, P - R,, P - P R - R (7 ) 1) V1 V2 QRS M, rsr V5, V6 S,, 0. 04 2) V1 V2 ST, T, V5, V6 T 3) QRS 0. 12, ; 0.12, (8 ) 1) V1 V2 QRS rs QS, avlv5 V6 R, 2) 3) V5 V6 q 4) ST - T QRS 5) QRS 0. 12, ; 0.12, (9 ) 1) - 45 2) avf QRS rs, S S; avl QRS qr, Ra V L R 3) QRS 0. 12 (10) 1) + 120 2) avl QRS rs avf qr, q 0. 025, R R 3) QRS 0. 12 6. (1 ) WPW ()

P - R 0.12 ( ) 2) QRS 0. 12 () 3) QRS, ( ) 4) P - J 5) ST - T (2 ) LGL (P - R )P - R 0. 12, QRS, QRS (3 ) Mahaim 1) P - R 2) QRS 3) QRS 7. (1) P, 0. 25mV, avf, P (2 ) 1) avravl P, 0. 12, P, 0. 04, P 2) V1 P, P 0. 04mV (3 ) 1) P 0. 12, 0.25mV 2) V1 P (4 ) 1) QRS, RV5 R V6 2.5mV, RV 5 SV1 4. 0 mv ( ) 3. 5 mv ()R 1.5mV, Ra VL 1. 2mV, Ra V F 2. 0mV, RS 2. 5mV 2) 3) QRS 0. 1 0. 11 4) ST - T, (5 ) 1) V1 R/ S 1, R Rs ; V5 R/ S 1, S ; avr R ; Ra VR 0.5mV 2) RV 1 SV 5 1. 05mV 3) + 90 4) ST T, (6 ) 1) 2) 3)

(1 ) 1) : ST, T 2) () : ST T (2 ), 1) : T T 2) : ST 3) : Q (3 ) 1) : T, ST, Q ( ) 2) : ST,, R, Q Qs, T Q S T T ( ) 3) ( ) : S T T, Q ( ) 4) () : ST T, T, Q ( 36 ) (4 ) : V1, V2, : V3, V4, : V4, V5, V3 V5 V6 :, avl : V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6,, avl :,, avf : V7, V8, V9 V1, V2 R, ST T 1. 2. 3.? ()

,,,,,,,,,,, ; F - 820 1., 2., 3. 1, 10ml 4., 20 l,,, ( 20 l 10ml, 1500 ) 5. 1500 100 l, 4,, 6. 1500, (100 l 1500 10ml, 150000 )

8., 1 ( RBC ) ( WBC)( HGB, Hb) ( PLT) RBCWBC P LT 1. WBCRBC ( MCV )HGBP LT ( MPV) 2. (, HCT) ( MCH ) ( MCHC) ( RDW, RDW - CV) ( PDW ) RBCMCVHGBPLT M PV MCH (pg) = 1L HGB (g/ L) = 1L RBC (/ L) 1012 MCHC ( g/ L) = 1L HGB ( g/ L) = 1L HCT 1., 2., 3., 4. 5., 6., 1. (1 ) : : (4.05. 5 )10 12 / L : (3.55. 0 )10 12 / L : (6.07. 0 )10 12 / L (2 ) : : 120g/ L160g/ L : 110g/ L150g/ L : 170g/ L190g/ L (3 ) : : (410 )10 9 / L : (1520 )10 9 / L

2 : ( 1112 )10 9 / L (4 ) : : (100300 )10 9 / L : 80fl100fl : 27pg34pg : 0. 400. 50 ; 0. 370. 48 : 320g/ L360g/ L : 7fl11fl : 11.5 % 14.5 % : 15.0 % 17.0 % 2. (1 ) 1) :, : :,,, :, 2) : 15, 10% 20 % ; : 3) MCVMCHMCHC, 4) MCVRDW ( MCV/ RDW ), - (2 ) 1) :,, 2) : (3 ) 1) : 40010 9 / L

, : 2) : 10010 9 / L : : : 1.? 2.? ( )

,,, :, H, 9mm 2,,, 9, 1mm, 1mm 2 4 16, ( ), 25, 16, 400, ( ), 0. 1mm,, 0. 1mm 3, 0. 1 l

1, 2.0ml 2., 10 l,, 2.0ml,, 2 3, 3., 4.,, 2 3, 5.,, 4 5,, N : 5 ; (/ L) = N51020010 6 5: 5 1 ; 10: 1 0. 1 l, 1 1 l ; 200:, 1 l 1 l ; 10 6 : 1 l 1L 1. 2., 3.,,,, 4., 20, 5., 6., 0.9% ( ) 1.? 2.,? ( )

( HiCN), ( Hi) ( CN - ), ( HiCN) 540nm, HiCN ( )HiCN 721 1. 5.0ml HiCN 1 2. 20 l,,, 5 10 3. 721, 540nm,, ( A ) ( g/ L) = AK K :, 367.7, 1. ( KCN ),,, 2., CN -, 3. ( ) 35ml,, CO2 N2, 4., K

2.?? ( )

( ),,, 2% ( 10g/ L 3, ) 1. 1, 0.38ml 2% 2., 20 l, 0. 38ml,, 2 3,, 3., 4.,,, 2 3, 5., 4,, (/ L) = N 4 1020106 = N 20 109 N : 4 ; N/ 4 : 4 1 ; 10: 1 0. 1 l, 1 1 l ; 20 :, 1 l 1 l ; 10 6 : 1 l 1L

2., 3.,,,, 4., 10 %, 5. 6., 1.? 2.? ( )

,,,, 6. 8) - ( Wright - Giemsa) ( ph 6. 4 1. 3/ 4, 3045,, 2. 3 5,, 0. 5 1, 11 12, 5 10, 3.,,, 100,, = 100 1.,,, 2.,,, 3.,,,

: 1/ 3, 5.,,, 100 N 6., () 1. ( N) : ( st), 00.05; ( sg), 0. 500. 70 ( E ) : 0.0050. 05 ( B) : 00.01 ( M) : 0. 030. 08 ( L) : 0. 200. 40 2. (1 ) 1) : 2) : ( ) ( ), (2 ) 1) : 2) :, (3 ) 1) : () 2) :,, (4 ) 1) :, ( ) 2) : (5 ) 1) :

: 1.? 2.? 3.? ( )

,, ( EDTA - K2 ) 23.5mg ( 0. 2mg ), 1. 2.0ml, 2.,, 10cm, 3., 3000r/ min 30, ( mm), 10, = ( mm) 100 ( mm ) 1.,, 2. 3., 1. :, 0.400.50;, 0.370.48 2. (1 ) :, (2 ) :

2.?? ( )

( ESR, ) ( ),, 60 ( mm) 109mmol/ L 1. 109mmol/ L 0.4ml 2. 1.6ml,, 3. 0,,, 4. 60 ( mm/ h ) 1., = ( mm) ( h) 2., 14 3., 1. : 0mm/ h15mm/ h : 0mm/ h20mm/ h 2. (1 ) 1) : 12 60 3

: () ( ) (2 ) : 1.? 2.? ( )

( RNA),, 1. 1, 2. 1,,, 3. 5 10,, 4., 100 = 100 1.,, 2.,, 37 3., 4.,, 1. : 0. 0050.015

(1 ) :,, (2 ) :, 1.? 2.? ( )

,., ( 15mm150mm), 1. : 2. : 1. 2. 3., 1.?? 2.?

,, (, 15cm ) 1. 10ml, 15cm, 1500r/ min ( 378g ) 5,, 2.,, 0.2ml, 3., (),, ( 1010 ), ( 4010 ) 10, 20 4. (1 ) : 1) :, 2) :,,, 3 ) : 20m 40m, ;,, 4) :, ;, ;,, (2 ) : 1) :,,,, ;,,,

:, 10m12m,,, ( HP ) 3 ;, ; ;,, ( ), (3 ) :,,, : 1) :,,,,, 2) :, 1/ 3, 3) : 1/ 3, 4) :,,,,,, (4 ) : 1) : 2) : 1. :, 0/ HP 5/ HP; ( + ) ( + + + +) 2. :, 0/ LP1/ LP ; ( + ) ( + + + +) 3., 1/ 4 +, ( + ) ( + + + +) + + + + + + + + + + / HP 0 02 310 1130 > 30 / HP 0 03 410 1130 > 30 / HP 0 03 410 1130 > 30 / LP 0 01 15 610 1130 > 30

2., 1 3., 4., 0/ HP3/ HP 0/ HP5/ HP 0/ LP 1.? 2.,? 3.?. ( ),,,, 100g/ L : 10. 0g 100ml ( 8mm75mm)

1. 2, 2ml 2. 1 100g/ L 1, 2, 1 ( - ) :, () : ( + ) :, ( + +) : ( + + +) : ( + + + +) : 1. 2., 1 3.,,,, ph 5 4. 1. 2. (1 ) :,,,,, (2 ) :, Fanconi (3 ) : FabFc, (4 ) :,, 3.,,,,

? 2.,? 3.?. 1.,,,,,,,, 2. (1 ) ph,, ph 4.59,, (2 ),, (3) ( NIT ),, (4 ) ( PRO) ph, (5 ) ( GLU ) - D -,, (6 ) ( KET ), (7 ) ( URO),, (8 ) ( BIL),

,, (9 ) ( BLD),, (10) ( SG),, H +, ph, ( ph ), (11) C C (12) (), 10ml ( ) 1., 2., ( RU N),, 3., () 4.,,,,, 1.,, 2.,,, 3., 4.,,

,, 6.,,, 7. C, 10 8.,, 1., ph 6. 0, ;, 2.,, 3., 4., 5., 6. 1.0031. 030, 1. 020, 7. ( 120 ), ;,, ;,, 8. 9. (1/ HP2/ HP, ), ;, 10. C, C, 1. C? 2.?

4.?? ( )

.,,, 1., 2., + + + + +, ( ) 3. () 1.?., 0. 9% ( )

1, 0.9% 1 2, ( ), 0. 9%, 2.,, 1.,, + + + + + ++ + + + 2., 0/ H P5/ HP 3.,,, 1.,, 10 2. 1.? 2.?. ( ) ( FOBT ),,, ( )

g/ L 3% ( V/ V ) ( ), ( ), 10g/ L 3% 1 2 ( ), : 2 ; + : 10 ; + + : ; + + +: ; + + + + : 1. 3 %,,,, 2. ( ),, 3 3., 4.,,, 1.?. ( ) ( ), ( Hb ),

( Hb ) IgG Hb IgG,,, ( Hb), Hb, Hb, Hb - Hb - Hb, 1, ; IgG IgG, 1, ( ), 2 ; 1, ;,, : 1. 1 0.5ml, 10mg15mg,, 2.,, 5 1., 2., 3., 1.? ( )

( P T),, ( ), 37, ( PT ) K,, 109mmol/ L, ( ),,,,, ( ) 1. 3000r/ min 15 2., 100 l, 373 5 3. 1/ Y, ENTER 4. CALIBRATE ( Y/ N), 0/ N 5. ID1 (ID2 ), RESET1( RESET2 ), 6. 200 l 7., 1. ( s) 2. ( PTR ) = PT / P T 3., ( INR), INR = P TR I SI ISI 1. 109mmol/ L, 91, 0. 55,

, 2 3., 4. 1. P T : 11 15,, 2. PT,,,, ( DIC),, K, ( FDP ) 3. P T,,, 1.? 2.? ( )

( AP TT ),, (,, ),,,, ( PK ) ( HMWK ), 109mmol/ L (), ( ), 0.025mol/ L,, ( ) 1. 3000r/ min 15 2., 100 l, 37 1 2 3. 100 l, 37 3 4. 2, ENTER 5. ID1 (ID2 ), RESET1( RESET2 ), 6. 0.025mol/ L 100 l 7., 1. (AP TT) ( s) 2. APT TR = AP TT / APT T AP TT, APTT R 1. 52.5

1. AP TT : 25 45,, 2. APT T,, A B C ( vwd),, (DIC), ( FDP ) 3. AP TT,,, 1.? 2.? ( )

, 2 2 2, 540nm,, 60g/ L 10ml 3,, ( ml) 0.1 0.1 0. 1 5.0 5.0 5. 0, 3710, 540nm ( ), ( g/ L) = 1. 60 g/ L80g/ L - ( g/ L) -

(1 ) :,, (2 ) :, ; ;, ; (3 ) :, ;,, (4 ) : 3. (1 ) :,, (2 ) : ( ) ( ) ( ) 1. 2. 60g/ L,?? ( )

, 24,, ( ) / 1. 3,,,,, 1ml/ min24, 3ml 2., /, ( L/ 24h ) = ( L/ 24h) ( ml/ min) = L/ 24h) 1000 ( 1440 ( min/ h) 1. 73 ( ml/ min) = ( ml/ min) 1., : 105ml/ min20ml/ min; : 95ml/ min20ml/ min 2. ( ) : 50ml/ min80ml/ min; ( ) : 20ml/ min50ml/ min; ( ) : 10ml/ min20ml/ min; ( ) : 10ml/ min

1. 2.?? 3.? ( )

. 1. 2., 3. 12 24 1.??. ( ),

2ml3ml, 1 2 - : ; :, ; + : ; + + : ; + + +: 1. 10, 37,, 2.,,, 1.? 2.?.,

(), 2, 2 3 10 2 10 1 l, 2. ( ) 0. 38ml, 20 l,, 1 4 5, 1 2,, 3 4,,,, 10,,,, ( ) 100, 100, 1.,,, 2.,,, HE 1. ;, ( 08 ) 10 6 / L, (015 )10 6 / L 2.,, 3.,, 4.,,

,,,, 1. -?., 2ml3ml, 3000r/ min 15 20,, 1., ( ) ;, ( ) 2., 24,, ( ) 3.,, 1. ( )

., 1. ; 2. ; 3., ;, 1.?. ( ),, ph 35,

10ml ph 100ml, 0.1ml, ph 35 ( ph ),,,, - :, ; : ; + : ; + + : ; + + +: 1. 2., 3., ph 35, 1.?., 1. ( ) 2.,,

2., 3.,,, HE, 1.,, 100010 6 / L;, 2., ( ) 3.,, < 1. 018 > 1. 018 ( g/ L) < 25 > 30 < 0. 5 > 0. 5 ( LDH, IU ) < 200 > 200 LDH < 0. 6 > 0. 6 ( 10 6 / L) < 100 > 500,, 1.? 2.? ( )

1. (1 ) (2 ) (3 ) (4 ) (5 ) (6 ) (7 ) 2. (1 ), (2 ), (3 ), (4 ) ( ) 3. (1 ) (2 ) ( ) 4. (1 ) (2 ), 1. 2. (1 ),, (2 ) (3 ) (4 ) 200 (5 )

2. 3. 4.? 5.? 6., ( )

1. X ( USG) ( CT ) ( MRI) 2. 3. 4. X 1. X CT MRI 2. VCD 1. X (1 ),,, (2 ) :,,,,, (3 ) :, 2. CT MRI CT MRI, CT ( ), MRI 1. X (1 ) : (2 ) :,,

:, 2. CT MRI, MRI, MRI, 1. X (1 ) : (2 ) :, 1. 5cm,, (3 ) :, 10cm 2. CT MRI, ( 30mm) 1. X, (1 ) (2 ),, : 1) :,,,, 2) :,,,, 3) :, 2. CT MRI CT MRI SE ( ),, ;, ( ), MRI,, 1. X (1 ) :,,, (2 ) :,,,, (3 ) :,,

CT MRI (1 ) : MRI,,,, (2 ) : MRI SE T1 WI ( T1 ), T2 WI ( T2 ),, (3 ) : MRI,, 1. X (1 ) :,, (2 ) :,,,, (3 ) :,, 2. CT MRI (1 ) CT :,, (2 ) MRI :, SE T1 WI,,,,, MRI MRI, 1. X (1 ) :, (2 ) :,,, (3 ) :,,, 2. CT MRI (1 ) CT :, 4mm,, (2 ) MRI :, SE T1 WI, ( ),,

X X ( ), 2. (DSA) ( ), ( ),,, ( ) 3. CT MRI (1) CT ( U FCT, CT, EBCT ) CT :,,, (2 ) MRI:,, ;, ;,,,,,, 1. X (1 ) :,,,, ;, (2 ) :,, 2. DSA,,,,,, 3. CT MRI (1 ) CT :, (2) MRI :,,, MRI 1. X ( ),,, ( ) 2. DSA

DSA : (1 ),, (2 ), 3. CT MRI (1 ) CT (2 ) MRI, 1. X (1 ) : (2 ) :,,,, (3 ) :, 2. CT MRI (1 ) CT, (2 ) MRI,, 1. X (1 ) :, (2 ) :,, (3 ) :, (4 ) :,, 2. CT MRI (1 ) CT (2 ) MRI, 1. X (1 ) :, (2 ) :,,, (3 ) :,, 1/ 3, (4 ) :,,,

CT MRI (1 ) CT (2 ) MRI, MRI,, 1. X (1 ) :,, (2 ) :,,,, (3 ) :, (4 ) :,,,, 2. CT MRI (1 ) CT (2 ) MRI,,, 1. X (1 ) :,,,,,, ( ) (2 ) :,,, (3 ) :,,,,, (4 ) :,,,, ;,,,, 2. CT MRI (1 ) CT (2 ) MRI,,

1. X 2. X 3. X CT ( )

1. X CTMRI 2. 3. 4. 1. X CT MRI 2. VCD 1. X (1 ) X (2 ), X : 1) :, 2) :,,,, 3) : ( 15mm) 4) :, 2. CT (1 ) CT, (2 ), CT,, (3 ) : (4 ), CT (5 ) CT ( HRCT ) : CT 1. X (1 ) :, (2 ) :

: ( ), 2. CT (1 ) : (2 ) :, (3 ) :, (4 ) (5 ),, CT : CT 1. X (1 ) X X (2 ) : 2. CT (1 ) CT X X, (2 ) : : CT X, X CT 1. X (1 ) :, (2 ) : X,,,,, (3 ) :, 2. CT (1 ) (2 ) (3 ), (4 ) (5 ), : CT X 1. X ( ) X

( ),, 2. CT (1 ),,,, (2 ), : CT X 1. X,, 2. CT HRCT 1. X (1 ), (2 ),,, (3 ), (4 ) (5 ) 2. CT (1 ) :,,,,, (2 ) : (3 ) :, 2mm4mm,, (4 ) : HRCT, (5 ) : 1. X,,, 2mm4cm,, ;, 2. CT,

,, :, CT 1. X (1 ) X ( ), (2 ), X 2. CT (1 ), (2 ),,, - -,,, (3 ) CT, 1. X (1 ) : ( ) (2 ) : (3 ) :, (4 ) : 2. CT (1 ),, (2 ), (3 ), (4 ) CT 1. ( ) (1 ) 1) X :, : : - - X 2) CT CT,

1) X ( ) :,, :,, 2) CT CT () CT, CT : CT X 2. ( ) (1 ) 1) X 10, X, ( ) 2) CT HRCT (2 ) 1) X ( ) 2) CT,,, 3. ( ) (1 ) X 1) : ; ; X 2) :, :, ; 2cm3cm, 4cm ;, ;, ; ( ) :,,,, ( )

:,, (2 ) CT 1) :,,,, 2) :,, CT, CT X,, 3) :,,,,, 4. (1 ) X X,, ; X,,,,, ; ( 300ml) X, X D,, (2 ) CT CT,,,,,, CT 1. X (1 ) :, ;, ;, (2 ) : 2. CT (1 ) : (2 ) :

: ( ),,,, ( ), 1. X X ; ;,, ;, ; ( ) ; 2. CT (1 ) :,, ( ), ( ) ( ) CT (2 ) : (3 ) :,,, ( ), : ( ) CT 1. X (1 ) (2 ),,, (3 ) : ; ;, ; ; 2. CT (1 ), 1cm, (2 ) (3 ),,,, :, 1. X (1 ) : (2 ) :,,

CT,, 1. X (1 ) X (2 ),, (3 ),,, 2. CT (1 ) :,,, (2 ) : (3 ) : 0. 5cm, 5cm10cm (4 ) : 2cm, (5 ) :, (6 ) : 2mm4mm,, (7 ) :, : HRCT CT X 1. X (1 ) :,, (2 ) :,,, 1mm3mm (3 ) : 2. CT (1 ) : CT,, CT (2 ) : CT

:,, 1. X (1 ) : ( Wegener ),, 2cm4cm,, (2 ) :, 2. CT (1 ) : CT, (2 ) : CT, (3 ) : 1. X (1 ) :, X (2 ) : ( ) 3mm,,,, (3 ) :, (4 ) : (5 ) : (6 ) : (7 ) :, 2. CT CT,,, X : CT :, ;, ;,

1. X X, X, ( )X 2. CT (1 ) : (2 ) : (3 ), -, (4 ) CT (5 ) : 3. MRI (1 ), 4 (2 ), T1 T2,, (3 ),,, (4 ) ( Gd - DT PA) 1. X (1 ),, (2 ),, (3 ), 2. CT (1 ), CT (2 ) CT, - 25Hu- 50Hu (3 ) CT 100Hu (4 ),, (5 ) CT, 3. MRI (1 ),,,, T1 WI T2 WI (2 ), T1 WI, T2 WI,

1. X MRI,,,, 2. CT,,,,,,, 3. MRI, MRI,, T1 WI, T2 WI, MRI, MRI MRI T1 WIT2 WI, T2 WI 1. X (1 ), (2 ),,, (3 ) : 2. CT (1 ),,,, (2 ),, (3 ), 3. MRI, T1 T2,, ;, ; ;, ;, T1 T2 ;,

1. X 2. X 3. X CT 4. CT ( )

1. ( ) X ( USG)CTMRI, X, 2. X 3. 4. X 5.,,, CT 1. X CT MRI 2. VCD 1. X (1 ), (2 ), (3 ), (4 ), 2. CT (1 ), (2 ) (3 ) CT 1. X (1 ) (2 ) (3 ), (4 ) 2. CT (1 ), CT (2 ),,

, CT, 1. X (1 ) ( ) (2 ), ( ) (3 ) ( ), (4 ) (5 ) 2. CT (1 ),, (2 ) (3 ) CT,,, ;,, 2cm 1. X (1 ), (2 ),, 2. CT CT : 1) 10mm,, 2) 3) /, ( 5cm ),,, 1. X, 2. CT CT,,,, X :

(2 ) (3 ), X :,, 1. X (1 ),, (2 ),, (3 ),, (4 ) 2. CT (1 ), (2 ),, (3 ) (4 ) 1. X (1 ) (2 ) 6 (, ) 2. CT,, CT, CT X, :, 1. (1 ) X 1),, 2) (2 ) CT CT, CT

(1 ) X 1), 2) 3), (2 ) CT,, CT U, CT,,, - -, CT 1. X (1 ),,, (2 ),, 2. CT 3,, 2, 3 1. X (1 ), (2 ) (3 ) (4 ), 2. CT (1 ),, (2 ),, (3 ) CT,, 1. X (1 ),,,, (2 ) (3 ), (4 ),, (5 )

CT (1 ), (2 ) (3 ) (4 ),, Crohn 1. X (1 ), (2 ),, (3 ),,, (4 ) (5 ), 2. CT (1 ), 1. 5cm (2 ), (3 ) (4 ),,, 1. X (1 ) (2 ) (3 ), (4 ) 2. CT (1 ), (2 ), 2cm (3 ), (5 ),, (5 ) 3. MRI, MRI, MRI, T1 WI, T2 WI, MRI,

1. CT (1),,, CT 10Hu30Hu (2 ),, (3 ), (4 ) -, 20%, (5 ) 2. MRI T1 WI,, T2 WI,,, ( Gd - DT PA),,, 1. CT (1 ) CT :,, (2 ) CT : (, ),,, 2. MRI (1 ), (2 ) T1 WI, T2 WI, ( TE),,,, (3 ) (4 ) T2 WI,, T1 WI (5 ),, 1. CT (1 ) CT :,,, CT

) (2 ) CT :,,,,, :, 2. MRI T1 WI, T2 WI,, 1. CT,, 2. MRI MRI, T1 WI, T2 WI,, 1. CT (1 ) CT :,,, CT - 20Hu,, (2 ) CT :, 2. MRI (1 ),, (2 ) MRI,, T1 WI, T2 WI, (3 ),, T1 WI, T2 WI : ( 5cm ), ( 5cm), (, ), ( 3cm ) ( 1cm) 1. CT (1 ) CT :, ( ), () ( ) (2 ) CT :,

, / 2. MRI (1 ) T1 WI, T2 WI () (2 ),, T1 WI (3 ) T2 WI (4 ),,, T1 WI, T2 WI (5 ) MRI, (6 ), (7 ),, T1 WI T2 WI (8 ), T1 WI, T2 WI : 1. CT (1 ) CT : - (2 ) CT : CT,,, 2. MRI T1 WI, T2 WI ( ) ( ) T2 WI, 1. CT (1 ),,, (2 )

(4 ) :,, 2. MRI (1 ),,,, (2 ), (3 ), MRI CT : (1 ) ( ), (2 ) CT, (3 ) CT : (1 ), 5cm (2 ), 3mm (3 ) (4 ),, CT : (1 ),, 3mm, 15mm (2 ), (3 ) CT : (1 ),, (2 ), CT, (3 ), (4 ), 1. CT (1 ) :, CT, (2) : CT,

(3 ) :, :, ; :,, 2. MRI, T1 WI,, T2 WI,, 3% 14% Budd - Chiari 1. CT Budd - Chiari 2. MRI MRI ( MRA) 1. CT (1 ) : ; ; ;, ;, (2 ) :,, ;, ; 2. MRI MRI, T1 WI, T2 WI, MRI : (1 ), (2 ), MRI (3 ), (4 ), 1. CT (1 ) : CT, 5mm,, ;,, ;

(2 ) :,,,,,,,,, ; 2. MRI MRI, ( MRCP ),,, MRI, T1 WI, T2 WI,,, MRI 1. CT,,,, CT 0Hu15Hu,, CT,,,, 2. MRI MRI () T1 WI, T2 WI 1. CT,, CT 20Hu40Hu; - - ;, ; ; 2. MRI ; T1 WI,,, ; T2 WI,, ;,,,

CT :,, CT 20Hu45Hu ( ) 1. CT,,,,, 2. MRI, T1 WI, T2 WI ( IE ), T2 WI,,, 1. CT, 1/ 3, 1/ 3,,,, 2. MRI,, T1 WI, T2 WI, 1. CT ( ), CT 0Hu15Hu,,,,,,, 2. MRI MRI, T1 WI, T2 WI,,,

1. CT,,,,, 2. MRI T1 WI T2 WI,, 1. CT (1 ) 1),,, 2), CT 3) 4) CT (2 ) 1),, ; 2) 3) 4) : 2. MRI,,,, T1 WI, T2 WI,, T2 WI ;, T1 WI T2 WI,, T2 WI 1. CT (1 ) : (2 ),, (3 ),, (4 ) :,, 2. MRI (1 ),, T1 WI, T2 WI (2 ) 30 % MRI

(4 ) T1 WI, T2 WI MRI 1. CT (1 ) ( ),,,,, (2 ) (3 ), (4 ), (5 ) : (6 ) : 2. MRI (1 ) :,, (2 ) : T1 WI, T2 WI (3 ) ( ) (4 ),, T2 WI, (5 ) :, CT :, ;, CT 15Hu35Hu,,,,, -,,,, CT :, ; /, ; ; ; ; ;,

1. X 2. X 3. CTMRI 4. CT 5. CT ( )

1. 2. X 3. 4. 5. 1. X CT MRI 2. VCD 1. X (1 ) : ; ; (2 ) : ; ; (3 ) :, 2. CT CT, 3. MRI (1 ) MRI (2 ) T1 WI T2 WI,, T2 WI,, (3 ),,, (4 ) MRI 1. X (1 ) :,

: 2. CT (1 ) (2 ) (3 ) (4 ) 1. X (1 ) (2 ) :,, 2. CT (1 ) (2 ) ( ), ;, (3 ), (4 ), 3. MRI (1 ),, (2 ) T1 WI,,, ; T2 WI (3 ), (4 ),, (5 ),,, CT : (1 ) (2 ),,, (3 ), (4 ) 1. CT (1 ) (2 ) (3 ),

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