第 36 卷第 5 期 2019 年 9 月 钻井液与完井液 DRILLING FLUID & COMPLETION FLUID Vol. 36 No. 5 Sept. 2019 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5620.2019.05.012 一种无氯盐环保型强抑制水基钻井液体系 罗健生 1, 蒋官澄 2, 王国帅 2, 董腾飞 2, 贺垠博 2, 李斌 3 1. 065201 2. ( )102249 3. 100016 罗健生, 蒋官澄, 王国帅, 等. 一种无氯盐环保型强抑制水基钻井液体系 [J]. 钻井液与完井液,2019,36(5):594-599. LUO Jiansheng, JIANG Guancheng,WANG Guoshuai,et al.development of an environmentally friendly strongly inhibitive chloride-free water base drilling fluid[j].drilling Fluid & Completion Fluid,2019,36(5):594-599. 摘要为减少油气资源勘探与开发过程中钻井液对周围环境的污染与生态系统的破坏, 实现 绿色 钻井, 并尽可能提高钻井液性能, 笔者采用研制的包被剂 仿生固壁剂等与优选的处理剂进行复合, 研发出了一套无氯盐环保型强抑制水基钻井液体系 室内研究结果表明, 该体系在热稳定性 抗污染能力 抑制性能等方面表现优异, 在 120 下连续热滚 72 h 后钻井液性能稳定, 可抗土粉污染达 10%, 抗钙侵 0.8%, 抗盐侵 30%, 页岩岩屑滚动回收率高达 98.5%, 抑制性评价结果优于 PHPA/KCl 体系 该体系能够满足常规环保评价指标, 同时避免了使用氯盐, 减轻对土壤结构 植物生长和地下水产生的负面影响 半数有效浓度 EC 50 小于 10 6 mg/l, 易生物降解比值 BOD 5 /COD Cr 为 0.633, 重金属含量远低于标准值, 因此, 无生物毒性, 可降解, 可排放 实验数据和评价结果均表明, 该体系是一种既能满足钻井工程需求又能保护生态环境的新型水基钻井液体系, 有较好的应用前景 关键词环保钻井液 ; 无氯盐 ; 抑制性 ; 生物毒性 ; 水基钻井液中图分类号 :TE254.3 文献标识码 :A 文章编号 :1001-5620(2019)05-0594-06 Development of an Environmentally Friendly Strongly Inhibitive Chloride-free Water Base Drilling Fluid LUO Jiansheng 1, JIANG Guancheng 2, WANG Guoshuai 2, DONG Tengfei 2, HE Yinbo 2, LI Bin 3 (1.China COSL, Yanjiao, Hebei 065201; 2. School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249; 3. China United Coalbed Methane Corporation Ltd., Beijing 100016) Abstract To minimize environmental pollution and damage to the ecosystem by drilling fluids used in the exploration and development of oil and gas, realize green drilling and maximize the performance of a drilling fluid, an encapsulator and a bionic borehole wall strengthening agent previously developed were compounded with other selected additives to formulate an environmentally friendly strongly inhibitive chloride-free water base drilling fluid. Laboratory experimental results show that this drilling fluid has superior temperature stability, resistance to contamination and inhibitive capacity. The drilling fluid had stable properties after continuously hot rolled for 72 h at 120. It was resistant to contamination by 10% clays, 0.8% calcium, or 30% salt. Percent shale recovery on hot rolling test was 98.5%. Laboratory evaluation shows that this drilling fluid has performance that is superior to that of PHPA/KCl drilling fluid. This drilling fluid can satisfy the needs of general environment protection and contains no chlorides, minimizing its negative effects on soil structure, plant growth and underground water system. EC 50 of this drilling fluid is greater than 10 6 mg/l and BOD 5 /COD Cr 0.633. The content of heavy metals is far lower than standard requirements, and is thus free of biotoxicity, biodegradable and dischargeable. Experimental data and evaluation results demonstrate that this drilling fluid is a novel mud that both satisfies the needs of drilling operation and protects the environment from being polluted, and has good application prospects. Key words Environmentally friendly drilling fluid; Chloride-free; Inhibitive capacity; Bio-toxicity; Water base drilling fluid 基金项目 : 十三五国家重大专项课题 复杂结构井 丛式井设计与控制新技术 (2017ZX05009-003); 国家十三五规划重点项目 深井超深井优质钻井液与固井完井技术研究 (2016ZX05020-004); 中海油十三五重点项目 鄂尔多斯盆地东缘致密气开发钻完井关键技术研究与应用 (ZSWSAKYXM2019-76) 第一作者简介 : 罗健生, 高级工程师,1964 年生,1999 年毕业于中国石油大学 ( 北京 ) 油气井工程专业, 现主要从事钻完井液及储层保护研究工作 电话 (010)84522139 ;E-mai :luojsh@cosl.com.cn
第 36 卷第 5 期罗健生等 : 一种无氯盐环保型强抑制水基钻井液体系 595 0 引言 PHP A/KCl KCl KCl NaCl CaCl 2 KCl KCl 90% KCl/ 5%~8% 1 7% ~10% NO 3 H 2 PO >0.5% 4 [1] Cl [2-3] KCl NaCl 表 1 不加 KCl 对钻井液性能影响的分析 Na KCl K Cl H mpa s NaCl Ca 2 Mg 2 [4] PHPA/ PHPA/KCl 2% + 0.2%NaOH+5%KCl+0.5%PAC-LV+3% +0.3%XC+ KCl/ 0.2%PHPA+ D-230 0.4% 1.4 g/cm 3 KCl [5] 2 配套处理剂优选 3 ph XC B-1 1 KCl 对钻井液性能影响的分析 KCl NaCl CaCl 2 KCl AV/ PV/ Gel/ / mpa s Pa/Pa % 21.70 5.36 PHPA/KCl 46.5 26 5/7 95.25 2.30 PHPA 58.5 31 7/10 83.57 3.17 2.1 包被剂 B-1 50.0 26 5/6 88.05 2.51 16 h /mm
596 钻井液与完井液 2019 年 9 月 B-1 EC 50 >20 000 mg/l 150 B-1 K-PAM PHPA 120 16 h B-1 86.5% 64.8% K-PAM PHPA B-1 2% 0.5% 7%KCl 2.2 仿生固壁剂 1 C.H.Yew M.E.Chenevert 1990 2.3 抑制剂 YZJ-DY YZJ-DY NH + 4 NH + 4 Cl N EC 50 >20 000 mg/l FS-GBJ EC 50 >20 000 mg/l [11] YZJ-DY NH + 4 KCl 12 h 1 1 KCl YZJ-DYKCl 2 2
第 36 卷第 5 期罗健生等 : 一种无氯盐环保型强抑制水基钻井液体系 597 0 ~4 h 3 K + NH + 4 4 ~12 h KCl DY YZJ-DY 10 ml API KCl 12 ~20 h YZJ- YZJ-DY YZJ- DY YZJ-DY KCl 2 72 46.5 33 13.80 1.0/1.5 3.0 10.0 3 无氯盐环保型强抑制水基钻井液体系配方的确定 4.2 抗污染性能 CaCl 2 NaCl 120 XC B-1 JLSJ-1 表 3 无氯盐环保钻井液抗污染性能 PV/ YP/ Gel/ FL API / FL HPHT / mpa s mpa s Pa Pa/Pa ml ml 0~1% + 0.1%~0.3% B-1+ 0.1%~0.2% XC+ 0.2%~0.5% PAC-LV+ 51.0 33 18.4 2.0/3.0 2.4 7.8 0.5%~1.0% JLSJ-1+3%FD-1+ 0.5%~2.0% YZJ-DY+ 0.5%~2.0% FS-GBJ+ 2%~4% 5% 53.5 10% 64.5 34 35 19.3 2.0/3.0 30.1 3.0/6.0 2.0 2.0 8.0 8.0 0.5%CaCl 2 49.0 35 14.3 2.0/4.0 2.8 7.6 4 无氯盐环保型强抑制水基钻井液体系性能评价 4.1 热稳定性 ρ=1.4 g/cm 3 GW300 120 72 h 16 h 32 h 48 h 72 h 16~48 h 72 h 3 ml 表 2 无氯盐环保型强抑制水基钻井液流变性及滤失性能 t / h AV/ mpa s PV/ mpa s 2 YP/ Pa Gel/ Pa/Pa FL API / ml FL HPHT / ml 0 42.0 27 15.30 3.0/4.0 1.8 / 16 51.0 33 18.40 2.0/3.0 2.4 7.8 32 50.5 33 17.81 1.5/2.5 2.4 8.4 48 50.5 34 16.80 1.0/2.0 2.8 8.6 1% 120 3.5 MPa 16 h 3 0.8%CaCl 2 37.5 28 9.7 1.0/1.5 2.8 7.0 10%NaCl 43.0 28 15.3 2.0/3.0 2.4 9.2 20%NaCl 49.0 33 16.4 2.0/3.5 2.8 8.8 30%NaCl 57.0 38 19.4 3.0/5.0 2.8 7.5 120 3.5 MPa
598 钻井液与完井液 2019 年 9 月 JLSJ-1 PHPA/KCl [12] 10% 0.8% 30% 4.3 抑制性评价 4.3.1 页岩滚动回收率实验 6~10 20 g 4.4 3 润滑性能 4 4 2 98.5% ρ=1.4 g/cm 3 PHPA/KCl -KCl 81.4% PHPA/KCl -KCl API 0.0787 0.105 EP/Lubricity Tester Model 212 Fann Instrument Company 4.5 环保性 表 4 无氯盐环保钻井液滚动回收实验数据 基液 一次回收率 / % 二次回收率 / % 清水 21.70 4.10 PHPA/KCl 95.25 46.25 聚磺 -KCl 钻井液 96.90 52.08 无氯盐环保钻井液 98.50 81.40 -KCl 2% +0.3%NaOH+0.2%FA-367+3%SMP-1+3%SMC+3% + 5%KCl+ SY/T 6787 2010 SY/T6788 2010 3 5 表 5 无氯盐环保型强抑制水基钻井液体系环保性评价 EC 50 10 6 mg L 1 20000 4.3.2 膨胀性实验 BOD 5 /COD Cr 0.633 0.050 CPZ- 2.000 20 0.654 15 3 / 22.800 1 000 20 h PHPA/KCl mg/kg 60% 0.017 1 000 11.100 75 3 GB 18420.1
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