25 3 2017 5 Vol.25 No.3 ACTA AGRESTIA SINICA May. 2017 犱狅犻 :10.11733/j.issn.1007 0435.2017.03.003 A F6!"#, $,%&', (6 7 7 \ ` V@, 6 730000) #$: 8 I N 9<T [\ B :! : : ; 8I 8 : LMNKL#$ %N :<T,3 8I : LMNK L#$ ]?7 A 8 :I / FGH 8 LMN, 8 :#$KL 8 /: >?!MU I, [\K [\ L B?7! : 8 / U,!.H1[\. T W/ 8 %&': 8I ; 8 ; LMNK#$;I / :S816.53 ()*+:A,- :1007 0435(2017)03 0460 06 犚犲狊犲犪狉犮犺犘狉狅犮犲狊犻狀犛犻犾犪犵犲犕犻犮狉狅狅狉犵犪狀犻狊犿犪狀犱犐狋狊犈犳犳犲犮狋狊狅狀犛犻犾犪犵犲犙狌犪犾犻狋狔 XU Dong mei,zhangping,ke Wen can,guo Xu sheng (SchoolofLifeSciences,StateKeyLaboratoryofGrasslandandAgro-Ecosystems,LanzhouUniversity, Lanzhou,GansuProvince730000,China) 犃犫狊狋狉犪犮狋 :Silagemicrobesplayakeyroleduringensiling.Bothepiphyticandinoculated microorganisms haveefectsonmicrobialcommunityandcommunitysuccessionduringfermentation,whichtosomeextent afectthefermentationqualityofsilage.thisarticleexpositedmicroflorastructureandsuccession,andits efectsonfermentationqualityofsilages.shownfromthepresentresearches,epiphyticmicrobesareof greatdiferenceindiferentforagespeciesandunderdiferentgrowthenvironments.theefectofaddition lacticacidbacteriatoimprovesilagequalityisunstable.itisnecessarytoknowthecharacteristicsofepi phyticforagemicrobestodeterminewhetherlacticacidbacterianeedtobeinoculatedtogethigh qualitysi lage. 犓犲狔狑狅狉犱狊 :Silagefermentation;Silagemicroorganism;Microfloraandsuccession;Fermentationquality 8 T?: B \ =>N 9 I C: @ PB 8A BC D ;E + :,L =) X!^ W/: [1] 8I N P :<T, 8 :?, 8 A : - 8 I : K N 8 /:,; - F G, 8I N; <T: [2], 4 T :4 H II ] -. L,M ph,! 4 JK /K] / 8-L [3] [\ B : M [4] [\ : 8 N <T,L,C. + 8I : 9 [5] 83, N : I \ C / 8 : 9 3 8 I : I 7 - _G,@OG :!, /% 8!QR :UV,H1[\ K 8 LC #$ ^4 =- I 8 :I, W/: 8./01:2016 10 21; 01:2017 06 16 : Z (3167130106); 2016\[ V,\^_ ^b >(GCLM2016002) a 2345: X<(1993 ),=, b,>!,; 8^_ G YG!,E mail:xudm15@lzu.edu.cn; < :Authorforcorrespondence,E mail:guoxsh07@lzu.edu.cn
3 X< : 8 KL 8 I / :! J 461 1 A 9?:[\ B : CA! A% 8 K 8M :X -?7!,33,& : -" [6 7] Bao [8] T ^ _!, 8?PPQX : R- 960,3 8? S 7 T U V ( 犅犪犮犻犾狌狊犿犲犵犪狋犲狉犻狌犿 ) W X,3 8 P W ( 犘犲犱犻狅犮狅犮犮狌狊犪犮犻犱犻犾犪犮狋犻犮犻 ),E V ( 犔犪犮狋狅犫犪 犮犻犾狌狊狆犾犪狀狋犪狉狌犿 )WX - 8I 3 8 N; <T:; X Y:, V ( 犔犪犮狋狅犫犪犮犻犾狌狊 ) ( 犔犪犮狋狅犮狅犮犮狌狊 ) ( 犔犲狌犮狅狀狅狊狋狅犮 ) W ( 犘犲犱犻狅犮狅犮犮狌狊 ) ( 犈狀狋犲狉狅犮狅犮犮狌狊 )K ( 犛狋狉犲狆狋狅犮狅犮犮狌狊 )6 [9-10], 8 K N 8 : - G F,7 8 :, 8 LMN 1 + 1.1 > E B -?7, _` E BMN E 0 % : 9 [11] E B : ;, ; G,F,!,3-8I : $ [4,12] E B : Z, T E K E, L B :, A%?7! [13],[\ B : = 10 1 ~10 6 cfu g -1 FM, G10 1 ~10 7 cfu g -1 FM, F 10 1 ~10 6 cfu g -1 FM, [\,! [14 20] Cai [21] VWM: ( 犣犲犪犿犪狔狊 ) [( 犛狅狉犵犺狌犿犫犻犮狅犾 狅狉 ) PQ( 犕犲犱犻犮犪犵狅狊犪狋犻狏犪 )K'7 Y\( 犔狅犾犻 狌犿犿狌犾狋犻 狅狉狌犿 ) B!,I 4 [\ B : 7 10 6 cfu g -1 FM, F K G = 10 4 ~10 5 cfu g -1 FM, V,W =10 3 cfu g -1 FM;L [, Y \ B : W! - 10 0.2 cfu g -1 FM,P Q B : V! - 10 0.2 cfu g -1 FM; B : [, PQ:2, Y\:20,LMUG 1" 1-1 > A / 犾狅犵 10 犮犳狌 犵犉犕 Table1 Epiphyticmicroorganismspeciesandnumbersonforages/log10cfu g -1 FM [\ Forages Lacticacidbacteria GKF V W Aerobicbacteria Yeastand Mold 犔犪犮狋狅犫犪犮犻犾狌狊犔犲狌犮狅狀狅狊狋狅犮犈狀狋犲狉狅犮狅犮犮狌狊犘犲犱犻狅犮狅犮犮狌狊 Corn 5.0 5.8 5.3 3.8 6.7 5.8 [ Sorghum 4.1 4.6 5.6 0.2 6.6 6 Y\ Ryegrass 3.5 4.2 4.3 0.2 6.1 4.4 PQ Alfalfa 0.2 5.6 4.1 3.4 7 4.7 [\ B :!, Cai [18,21] PQ [ Y\ B A :!I,PQ B : V $(<10 1 cfu g -1 FM),3 (10 5 cfu g -1 FM); [ B : W $, 3 V, (10 4 ~10 5 cfu g -1 FM) [\ B :?7! -!,C E A0 : X M \ E [13] HuiliPang [22] 8?: A\ [KPQX 0. H 110, MU : B ; : / ] ( 犠犲犻狊犲犾犪犮犻犫犪狉犻犪 ), ( 犠犲犻狊犲犾犪 犮狅狀犳狌狊犪 ); [, A \ B ; E V ( 犾犪犮狋狅犫犪犮犻犾狌狊狆犾犪狀狋犪狉狌犿 );3 P Q B ; E V E V ( 犾犪犮狋狅犫犪犮犻犾狌狊狆犪狉犪狆犾犪狀 狋犪狉狌犿 )K ^ ( 犔犲狌犮狅狀狅狊狋狅犮狆狊犲狌犱狅犿犲狊 犲狀狋犲狉狅犻犱犲狊 ) 4 I, [\ B :, %-?7:!, [\ L B :! 33[\ ( :,! G, Moran [23] Y \ (!,MUG 1", B 0K_
462 25 1 > Fig.1 Epiphyticlacticacidbacteriaonplant partswithinryegrass : (,log10cfu g -1 (±SD) Note:unit,log10cfu g -1 (±SD) 1.2 8I +: + ] ],L 8 + [24]?!, I P:T 9 [\ " :! `,PI ` 8,, 8 9 : 7 ] M ` ph, G F K, I, `ph % M,9a : V $ ; I [25 26] A b [27] T c E ^_,PQ :!,MU 8?, I, V C = W X ; 8 I Ei 犽犿 eyer [28] T!:MU?,J 8 :c, #$= V, L I ] I,- 8- K [29] 8 : +,O + I => : ; [30 32] +? 7! b 2 [33] :! I, :B7 = 10 9.50 ~10 10.38 cfu g -1 FM, I 15 20 3 8M P % 10 6 ~10 8 cfu g -1 FM 1.3 [\ B: ; I, $ [34], W / 8 ". : /(10 5 cfu g -1 FM),?! : ; 8 /K 8-3, [\ ],3 [\ 8 LMN- : Par vin, Nishino :! [35],: E V H\( 犔犲狔犿狌狊犮犺犻狀犲狀狊犻狊 ) " : G ( 犈狀狋犲狉狅犫犪犮狋犲狉犻犪 ),: V ( 犾犪犮狋狅 犫犪犮犻犾狌狊犫狌犮犺狀犲狉犻 ) \ B :,3 830d,90dP X -" ; 3 '7 Y \ \ K \ ( 犆犺犾狅狉犻狊犵犪狔犪狀犪 ):! [36], 8? : ' 7 Y\ B - ( 犘狊犲狌犱狅犿狅狀犪 狊狆狆 ) ( 犅狌狉犽犺狅犾犱犲狉犻犪狊狆狆.) ( 犛犲狉狉犪狋犻犪狊狆狆.) E V K W ( 犘犲犱犻狅 犮狅犮犮狌狊犱犲狓狋狉犻狀犻犮狌狊 ), HE V P - : <T! DGGE =, H% V ( 犔犪犮狋狅犫犪犮犻犾狌狊犫狉犲狏犻狊 )P DGGE MU H% V 3L = ; 8? -E V IW ( 犘犲犱犻狅 犮狅犮犮狌狊狆犲狀狋狅狊犪犮犲狌狊 ) ( 犔犪犮狋狅犮狅犮犮狌狊犾犪犮 狋犻狊 ), HE V K% V P, 2 - : 9 [37]! H 9 I V ( 犾犪犮狋狅犫犪犮犻犾狌狊狉犺犪犿狀狅狊狌狊 ), V Y \, 8 L:,MU : 9I V Y\ 8 :, L 7 : V,3: ] 8 :, : % 7, P [\ " :, L 8I : K, U[\ " : K 8=>- 33 8I P : [\ :-L JK ], K / -L :,+ 8 -, $ / 2 [38 39] 2 F 8 : K ] 8I / [\ " :! : % 8 /: 9 2.1 F6 8I,[\ : GK
3 X< : 8 KL 8 I / :! J 463 F T `?: 8 [\ /,M : 8 / 3 7, ] : S M ph 3,- 8 / 3, [\ : + I : /,", + 8I -? :! : M ph $ / 2 M1 8-8 / [40 42] -!, 8 / - P M 8 / [43 45],=9 ;S : 4 9 JK 3; 8 [46] Parvin [36] Y I ] : S," : U I 8]!SIL L Y G A b [27] P Q, 8!T :M B : O I, 8 /, #$:, [\ " : 8 /?7 3 8 LK#$. :!! c,. H19 ^ :I 2.2 F P 8-8P, 8 32 : GKF `, : ph, Y, 9 T K /, T 8 /NM, 3.W/ K ], 8-8 /YG: Y,>?! = 4] I,- 8-,6 9 : / [47] - - :-. ; V : ],, 1,2- [48 49] -!, 8 - :; L ] :L /( 2) 4, 8 I ] : S 8 - : / X 3 : - Kry stynad [17]! E V P - :], V :- 9? [\ A *I ; <T,9. [50] Y I : : 7 1.0 10 6 cfu g -1 FM 9, - 8 :- 3 [51] :!, 8 8:14,56 9,: 9I V :-!, 890 : : 9I V, V 2 - ;Kleinschmit [52]!H: V, IW 8- :,M U : ] 8- " [\ " : 8- B- 4 :<T, =H /K - >: ;,!. H1 " 7 K V - < ; 2 A Table2 Microorganismspeciesandtheirmetabolites forimprovingtheaerobicstabilityofsilage Strains 犔犪犮狋狅犫犪犮犻犾狌狊犫狌犮犺狀犲狉犻 (40788) 犔犪犮狋狅犫犪犮犻犾狌狊狆犪狉犪犳犪狉狉犪犵犻狀犻狊 ZH1 犔犪犮狋狅犫犪犮犻犾狌狊狆犾犪狀狋犪狉狌犿 KCC 10 犔犪犮狋狅犫犪犮犻犾狌狊狆犾犪狀狋犪狉狌犿 MiLAB14and MiLAB393 3 - / Aerobicstability Reference relatedsubstance ;1,2- Acetic,Propylene [48 49] glycol Decanoicacid [53] Phenols [54] 3 ; 3 [55] 3 hydroxydecanoicacid, 3 phenylacticacid [\?, [\ K [\,L B :, %?7!,3 8 1#$ +, 8 / =9-8 /K-, 9 :!H 8:, 8 ` " : X JK,R,C 8I, [\ " :< T 4 H1[\ B. : ;: 2.!9 8 K 8 ^ : 8,= IW/: 8
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