845 3 A B
u = f ( ) 3345 ( du) = ( δq) = c d V c V0 duc V0 d3 u u c V d 3a c V 0 V 0 V
huvu R g hf 3 5 dh) (δq) c d c 0 dhc 0 d3 h h c d 3a c 0 0 Ku 0 0 Ku 0 0 J/kgh 0 u 0 0 v 0 u 0 R g 0 0 J/kg 0
q c V ( δ ) V d q c ( δ ) d 4" u u δq dudv[ ( ) V d ( ) dv]dv v u u δq ( ) V d [ ( ) ]dv v dv0 u (δq) V ( ) V d u cv ( ) V 33 K 33 h δq dhvd[ ( ) h δq ( ) h d ( ) h d[ ( ) d0 v]d d]vd
h (δq) ( ) d h c ( ) 34 K 34 u du ( ) V d h dh ( ) d 33 u du c V0 ( ) V 35 d h dh c 0 ( ) 36 d K dh d c 0 (uv d d vr g du d c 0 (Rg c V0 R g d d
c 0 c V0 R g 37 c 0 m,0 /Mc V0 m,v0 /M m,0 m,v0 R37a R8.34 50 J/mol K γ 37 c γ c 0 V 0 R γ c V0 R g 38 γ γ c 0 R g 39 γ g c V 0 30 3536 c 0 a 0 a a a 3 3 c V0 a 0 a a a 3 3 a 0 a a a 3 37a 0 a 0 R g 3 a3a
c t, m 0 c, c, 0 t V m 0 t m 0 c, t m 0 / O N O O H O SO 0 0.95.039.040 0.85.859 0.607.004 00 0.93.040.04 0.866.873 0.636.006 00 0.935.043.046 0.90.894 0.66.0 300 0.950.049.054 0.949.99 0.687.09 400 0.965.057.063 0.983.948 0.708.08 500 0.979.066.075.03.978 0.74.039 600 0.993.076.086.040.009 0.737.050 700.005.087.098.064.04 0.754.06 800.06.097.09.085.075 0.76.07 900.06.08.0.04.0 0.775.08 000.035.8.30..44 0.783.09 00.043.7.40.38.77 0.79.00 00.05.36.49.53. 0.795.08 300.058.45.58.66.43.7 400.065.53.66.78.74.4 500.07.60.73.89.305.3 600.077.67.80.00.335.38 700.083.74.87.09.363.44 800.089.80.9.8.39.50 900.094.86.98.6.47.56 000.099.9.03.33.44.6 00.04.97.08.4.466.66 00.09.0.3.47.489.7 300.4.06.8.53.5.76 400.8.0..59.533.80 500.3.4.6.64.554.84 600.7.574 700.3.594 800.6 900.630 3 000 t c, 0 t V m 0 t
t t c, m 0 c t 0 0d t cv, m 0 t t cv, m 0 c V t 0 0d
c d c d c d d ) 0 cv t t 0 t 0 0 t c 0 0 t t c 0d c, m 0 c, m 0 3 t t 0d c V, m 0 c V, m 0 3a 33 5 40 80 kw W & q m h h ) s ( h dh ( ) dc d h h c dc ( ) c 4.87 kj/(kg K) W& s W& s q m h h c ( ) 80 kw 0.478 kg/s 70 kg/h 4.87 kj/(kg K) 40 K 7 37 kg 34
d0 q (h h ) q h h c d 0.004 kj/(kg K) kg q h h c 0 ( ).004 kj/(kg K)(600300) K30. kj/kg { m, 0} J (mol K) 8.5.9670 3 4.800 6 {} K {} K v d.9660 9 3 {} K J/(mol K) q h h M m, 0 d 8.97 g/mol [8.5(600300.9670 3 (600 300 ) (600 3 3 300 ) 4.800 6 3.9660 9 (600 4 4 300 ) ] J/(mol K) 4 309 J/g309 kj/kg 3 3 c 7 m 0 3 q h h.004 5 kj/(kg K) c c d c 0 37 m 0 37 m 0 37.0 kj/(kg K) 7 c m 0 c 7 m 0 7.0 kj/(kg K)37 K.004 5 kj/(kg K)7 K 306.8 kj/kg 4 3 300 Kh 300.9 kj/kg 600 Kh 607.0
kj/kg q h h 607.0 kj/kg300.9 kj/kg306.83 kj/kg 0. % δq ds ( ) 3 ds δq ( ) rev rev 3a δq dudv δq dhvd
d u + dv ds dh vd ds du dh dv v d duc V0 d dhc 0 d vr g d dv d v d dv dsc V0 Rg 33 v d d dsc 0 Rg 34 dsc V0 d dv c0 v 35 v s s c V0 l Rg l 33a v s s c 0 l s s c V0 l Rg l c0 l v v 34a 35a
333435 s 0 s 0 c 0 0 d 0 s 0 s s d c Rg l 0 0 0 c 0 d Rg l c 0 d s 0 0 0 s s s s R g l 36 s 0 0.5 m 3 t 50 0.3 MPa 0.08 MPa0
S S m(s s )m[ c 0 m V R g d Rg l ] R g 0.87 kj/(kg K) 6 3 0.3 0 Pa 0.5 m m.35 kg 87.7 J/(kg K) (73 + 50) K s s c 0 l Rg l c 0.004 kj/(kg K) 93 K s s.004 kj/(kg K)l 43 K 6 0.08 0 Pa 0.87 kj/(kg K) l 6 0.3 0 Pa 0.00 8 kj/(kg K) m(kg) S S ms s.35 kg0.00 8 kj/(kg K) 0.03 3 kj/k3.3 J/K 0 0 s s s s R g l 0 0 3 93 K.678 3 kj/(kg K) 43 K s.048 6 kj/(kg K) s s.678 3 kj/(kg K).048 6 kj/(kg K) 6 0.08 0 Pa 0.87 kj/(kg K) l 6 0.3 0 Pa 0.009 8 kj/(kg K)9.8 J/(kg K) m S S m(s s ).35 kg9.8 J/(kg K).34 J/K s
VR mm m m i m i i i R i i V i i= i i= V R V R 37
V i i R V i i V i i= R i= i R V V V V38 i i V i R V i i R i V V i 39 w i y i ϕ i w i m m i
y i i ϕ i V V i w w w y y y ϕ ϕ ϕ V ϕ i i i R i V R ϕ i y i 30 m w i i i M i m M M w i y i i 3 M m w i i V i ρ i m V ρ ρ w i i ϕ i 3 ρ M ρ m m ρ + m + L+ mi ρ V + ρv + L+ ρ Vi i V V V ρ ρ ϕ ρ ϕ ρ ϕ 33 m m m ρ m m m ( + + L+ ) V V + V + L+ V ρ ρ ρ
w w ρ ( + + L+ ) 34 ρ ρ ρ m m m M m m m ( + + L+ ) + + L+ M M M w w w M ( + + L+ ) 35 M M M m m M + m + L+ m M + M + L+ M My M y M y M 36 R g M R 3635 R g R ( ym + ym + L+ y M ) 37 w w w R g R ( + + L+ ) 38 R R R g g w g y y y R g ( + + L+ ) 39 M M M R g w R g w R g w R g 330 UU U U 33 mum u m u m u
uw u w u w u 33a HUV (U U U )(V V V ) HH H H 33 mhm h m h m h hw h w h w h 33a 35 du d c V0 w u w u w u d d c V0 w c V0 w c V0 w c V0 333 36 dh d c 0 w h w h w h d d c 0 w c 0 w c 0 w c 0 334 6'334 m, 0 m, 0 m, 0 m, 0 w w w M M M M 3w i y i ( M i M )
m,0 y,m0 y m,0 y m,0 335 333 m,v0 y V,m0 y m,v0 y m,v0 336 A0.3 kg0 B 0. kg00 U A U B U A U B U A U A m A U B U B m B A B c V 0Ad c V 0Bd m A c V0A ( A m B c V0B ( B m A c V0A ( A )m B c V0B ( B ) macv 0AA + mbcv 0BB m c + m c A V 0A B V 0B c V0 0.657 kj/(kg K) c V0 0.745 kj/(kg K) 0.3 kg 0.657 kj/(kg K) 93 K + 0. kg 0.745 kj/(kg K) 73 K 0.3 kg 0.657 kj/(kg K) + 0. kg 0.745 kj/(kg K) 37.4 K54.4
du/d) V dh/d) q/d) V q/d) kg00 500 mol800 K 000 K 0 MPa0 0 cm 3 0.0 m 3.5 MPa 37 MPa3. 0. MPa7 0. MPa9.7 0.5 MPa30 0. MPa 0 mol300 K50 K mol0 300 K800 K 5 37 5 37 c 37 m 5 0. kg0. MPa7 0.5 MPa
mol300k600 K0. MPa 0.5 MPa 0.6 MPa7 0.6 MPa 33 4 000 kj/kg7 37 34 0.6 MPa7 0. MPa 35 0.6 MPa7 50 kg 0.4 w 0.06 wo O w H O wn wo w N 0.05 0.7575 kg 0.3 0.7683 w g 0.0640.095 MPa3
0.3 0.77 wo w N 5 w 0. 0.03 0.07 w N O wh O w O 0.78 AB V A.5 m 3 A 6.86 bar A 80 V B m 3 B 9.8 bar B 30 4 900 J ABAB A B V A V B A B A B AB A A B V B A V A B B + + V + V V + V A B A B A B A B