ر ن وزرت ر د و در و ر د ()* &' % و $ر + +!"# 6 7 و 345 د /012 &' % و $ر د, 8 ;<=>9: د 1
? @A BC D EF BC G? HI!"# $% &'( " "/ 0' ) *+# '4512 *"3 ") 6"78" 9") :!"# 7/ # $ $/ 7 / 1392 A +2 / >"?@2 1 2 3! &'("#$% )*+ *, $ &'( '#/% '#,( 0 1 2 3 % '( * ' $ EF $ G3 HI3 9' $3 J$1) "I 2
5 G?$ 1 8 F/ 2 9 6/ P"I#2 '82 F/ L$?* M N$OO 3 12 10 6$ G"+) 22 10G"Q? J$1) 122 11 F F/ 222 11 *# G? 32 112"? F/ 132 12G? RS 232 12 E1 ' 42 12 F/ 142 13 " F/ 242 13?$( F/ 342 13 F/ F 52 1482 F/ 152 14U ' F/ 252 14? 9"@2 F/ 352 15'U(G 3 15'U(G %# " V+8 3?W $ 3 13 15 3$2 P) $X 9 23 17 'U(G 12 6 33 21 'U(G &?O W 6'* F 8M 43 21 '/ 6A*' 4 22'/ *'/ 14 23GEM Z* 24 26 GEM '/ %[? Z* 34 28&]( 44 28 Z 64 2 18G"3+ 3?W 144 296% F 8M 244 30 /$ 5 31 M Q N$OO 15 32 /$ 6 3
37 6 (*+$) E74^ *)!"# 'F 7 38* %2 %# 17 39 * 1%^ "AF* 27 39V 37 40 6F 47 41?"8' 8 41 18 42 Q 9 42 19 43P Q 119 44 Q 219 44 *0" Q 329 44 *% 0'L 429 45 E74^ / 39 45 H 10 49G3a QI+7 11 49 b* 111 49G3a QI+7 6 211 51 *3 G 12 53 *3 13 54 'Uc 14 55 ' 114 556/ *2 G" 9"F 214 56E74^ G"[ 314 57E1 F "( F ' 414 57 + RS 514 58 % ) "?3 614 59 %"X( E* 714 60F$/ " 814 61$1) 914 61 Q% / 15 65& & 16 66 6 116 67 0I7 G"3d 17 4
e :* "2 >IS $X G"3d &8 1 ( 9:( ;$5 67 8 9'+ 2 %# A$# G $ G?$ A 9' % * *32 X" G"?3 e' 6 g8 G7 * * '1 6/ %2 2 $X 6/!"# * + 6/ X( E74^ f ' P) G $X ' h( 4" 2003 Z 9"S e G?$ A* P"+Q2 h'*2 " Z ^ $ * d7 $X 133 3?W %"2 G?$ : 4" 2014 e i $# 3 " 2M *'/ ' *"j"("!' : k 'F & Z *35 * * G $ $X 189 &S A *35 G?$ e " F E82 E"? G ( :G"Q? G%l :J 4 " $ E*" :F$8 U E1 G ( :6U ' F G'+) :%7 U 6$O $ P+X g *35 *$ P P'n Z* o ' [?m 'F 9' F e' * 6$' 1 ١ Ease of Doing Business Index ٢ World Bank ٣ Complexity and cost of regulatory processes ٤ Strength of legal institutions 5
9D ('F) 25 25 25 25 33/3 33/3 33/3 33/3 33/3 33/3 33/3 33/3 33/3 33/3 33/3 33/3 16/6 16/6 16/6 16/6 16/6 16/6 $= C B ( 9:( ;$5 67 8 + "?;@ + 67 8 A B 1 <'= "?;@ (*'+ ^ G"?3 k 9'/ 2 G gfq I) *32) P) *32 (F f"1 *'/ g8 gfq 6F!$) 6F (G"?3 Fr/ F" $ ' P*) ' G% : */ *a ) ( */ *a ) P) *32 (F) 6F ( */ *a ) P) *32 (F)6F ( */ *a ) P) *32 (F)6F ( */ *a ) "? ' P*) ' ' ' (Z *32) G ( (Z G7) 6F ( $ *a ) E"? P s (*a ) " t$7 E"? (*a ) E"? ' ( *32) E a (F) E a gfq 6F (" F q ) E a ' ( *32) E (F) E gfq 6F (" F q ) E ' ' 67 8 ( 9:( 18 (* M * *'* G"?3 k p$ &?O) H I7 J K8 G"?3 Fr/ G gfq F$8 >IS P)) (* LB "B 55 ( F ( Q'Q? L p$ &?O ) #); MN ( A G"Q? J$1) G%l p$ &?O ) #; 7O? Z e'!$ AF* G F ( '*'/ ) (* M * *' E"? G ( F E82 ( F ( $X ' 82 G"?3 g8 G?$ 6" ) B 2M *'/ ' *"j"( $ E* 6
9D ('F) 62/5 37/5 33/3 33/3 33/3 33/3 33/3 33/3 100 Source: DOING BUSINESS 2014 "?;@ (010) $ J$1) E* (06) %7 E74^ H+7 (6q *a )? 2 &$( (6q *a ) a$ (010) X 3$2 (010) '* G"?$v 3$2 &$( 6* G$ "132 G?$ 6* F G'+) E* (F) 6F ($7 *a ) ( *32) ' (Z) 6F (' F *a ) ' ' (q G) F s (' $ 3 0 Q2 Q2 3 1) 67 8 $1) %7 Eq % Uu :G%l G"3d ) %7 U ( E4"2 $ 6U ' F G'+) G G"I 6* J$1) F 6$ G'+) 6" ) ( F ( g7 (G $1) 7 F g ' 6" ") 6$' G ( B 7
P 67 8 2 0I7 *( :G"+ g / G$X ' 3$2 'F 0 Z$a F Q' F/ 8 :G? I*) $i) a$ G"Q? J$1) F Gw[) : F/ F $ *13 0 F$ :G"+ Q[2 9' * *$ $X ' 3$2 G' * 3$2 N$# 3$2 G+ : 6 2 F/ G+ G) G 0) 6 1 *'+ $X $ G"?3 1973 Z F F/ "AF* g* " %3 Em q 2 * h"' " : "F 9' %3 1 Em F Q' $+7 UG" lm &1 :6/ P"I#2 E74^ /V+ A Fr/ : 1W G" :I G"?$1 :h"' " G"?3 AF$) 6$ 0 G $X q " 9' 'X 9'3 X q E$a 6$2 1995 Z F * E3?W II+?9" 6F G$X F/ ' $X P / V F h"' " f / A E74^ 3 E74^ *) :Q'/ $ EF : Z$( II+?9" J*a "M II+?9" Em A* A [ X( 8M F [" "x $ G A*/ G 5 $ $X 185 F/ : 4" 4 2013 Z F/ G :?$( F/ :G? RS :2"? F/ : F F/ :G"Q? J$1) 'F 10 G A* '1? 9"@2 F/ U 6 1 zw & ' ' F/ :82 F/ : F/ G%y "l@2 F/ U ^ 9' f ١ Index of Economic Freedom ٢ The Heritage Foundation ٣ IMF: International Monetary Fund ٤ EIU: Economist Intelligence Unit ٥ ٢٠١٣ Index of Economic Freedom 8
9"j+ G A $ $X go e' F/ {%'12 $X 1 6" ( F$/ P"% F 3$2 2q o$w F F/ 2q o$w $X * $ 2V * G% *$ P T#,S% "H% P 67 80;' Q R R 12 G H) : 6" F/ >'32 h"' " b :*"?$2 : F/ 3 e' *' G? :V *Q G F/ 9' F GM# G'+) :G? &1 * EM * F/ {4 U 8' F/ 9' ' *# A G) F/ q ' : " * ' V'F$2 :*"?$2? % X g*7 g$[ F/ :h"' " L$?* ' ' F % Gw[) $M 2 G? $i) "$2 * E* q b 9' F g* *'+ A [ A A*9""32 A* F" 9"" :A*/ G $ AF G 6* F/ F F/ "AF* $U " M *a 2 [a 9" F" : ' F" f $ *$ $X e' F/ ' F" G A* 0"12 P'n Z* o 1%^ h( $X G"3d P 67 8 # V 5 B +2( #D 'B "JMU 2 <'= "JMU + 2( '% # #D 5 80100 F/ 30 7079/9 F/ {%'12 50 6069/9!$ F/ 59 5059/9 {%'12 41 50 F + Source: 2013 Index of Economic Freedom : *# G? :6$ G"+) 9 O F/ A* P"QX2 "x * F F E1 ' 9
1 #*( W22 Z f * F F/ G"Q? J$1) P+X 6$ G"+) $ * 6$ G"+) 9" +"1 W :h"' " 4" *"?$2 *a 2013 4/4 *!$ F :* $% 9 9' " Z 5 ^ '$X I? *"?$2 q * 9"" Q"?) :*A $ $ * *a 3 F + :* 2 I? A*' 6$ G"+) '$X 3#); LJW 122 6$ 2 a$ G"Q? V"+82 '$2 :F u# Ia P$7 F * &' 3 82 G"?3 6"+^ 'd $ $3 G"Q? $ * *$ 9' F * *$ 9+' :G"Q? I A F*}( */ P"% F I$7 }Q3? *'+ F*}( $ */ F XS E* *I 0"M2 $ 8 g F G? G"Q? I 'F Z+) ' E"? q s :G' g q s 6'/ U ' P'+2 & n$[ F 'i 0" F/ P"% F ' [?m :"x 9' F" 9""32 :h"' " b^ F G"Q? I :AX G"+Q) H'*2 :A* >'32 ~F gm :G? F $ G'+) E*32 'i E+"+2 ns2 "@2 : "i A$ :G? " M * a$ &S G"Q? ١ Rule of Law ٢ GDP per capita 3 Property Rights 0
1 : P 222 F/ G $1) :" :7+ : >IS P$7 F? P+X 9' * *#! "+^ 8' P"? f4 :n : 0 PrX 6'/ &'$ g$ N :A$ 6$O $ $ *1 G"?3 G? G? 6" 9" +"1 W A$+ * 2M G"[ ' F :* Fb[ o4 9'2Ia * 100 2 0 9" 9' F" G V' 6 6$7 6$2 2 'S ;32 A* P'n o * G? RS 2"? F/ P+X 9 9' :G 3 % #; P 132 6/ F $ RS 9"@2 G? G E"? +2 E"? k$d$ 9' (&) &' ' F *$ l@ 6/ F G G"?3 * A [ G *$ A+ 3 F/ zw (&') & {2d :G? RS A E"? s y*) : */ E"? s y*) F 2"? F/ 9""32 F" $ A [ (GDPI? *"?$2 F *a ) $M 0/03 α 9' %# E"? H'^ F G? */ 6" G 100 2 0 9" *7 [?m 9' F e' $ 1 Freedom from Corruption ٢ Limited Government 3 Fiscal freedom 1
W "x e' 6$7 E3?W F " 1 ; Y Z 232 (GDP F *a ) G? RS 6" I */ G% G? RS 6 $ 'F $ A [ G? AF* &8 "3 X * QO$ 9' O G G? AF* 6 $ 2 $ $M 0/03 α 9' %# A* 6X (G/GDP) G X" F/ 2 J (42 o *?$( F/ " F/ : F/ P 9 9' :G A* P'n 3 (9:( P 142 $2 a$ &S!$2 Z4# :Fr/ '$2 F/ P7 A F PQX * 6X? E1 9"$ F A* 8' G' *# 6" e' k e"2$ P) *32 :F *2%7 G $X e' A$#!%2 e' k ' : $ ba G"?3 e' k F *32 : G"?3 F *32 : G"?3 k F$8 e' G' *'/ *32 : G"?3 F :F$8 G' ' :F$8 G' e"2$ P) *32 : ' GXF s G"?3 Z4# ' : F" F$8 G' $ ba G"?3 Z4# G"?3 e' Z4# g ١ Government Expenditure ٢ Regulatory Efficiency ٣ Business Freedom 2
Ia V% 1 ( # P 242 * $2 $ $X F $ N$OO >IS $ 9' *+ %# e G?$ : 9' %# A * F/ A F 9"" + P*) G% 6$j+ '"x F 9' %# G ( A$ d R S 6" : E7 6 $ 6" : $ A [ G* F Z[ 2 ;O P 342 F" %# * G?!$2 +" Z G+" E%l F "3 9' +" Z }c A* p#? $X " Z g$2 F 9"" * 9' $ * 20 2 0 9" 3 P B52 *? 9"@2 F/ U ' F/ :82 F/ P 9 9' :G A* P'n o 1Labor Freedom 2 Monetary Freedom ٣ Open Markets 3
E a E 32"r 1 H% P 152 32 V$ $ g*7 F %"2 82 F/ M * 32"r 32 G' *# 6" 9' %# G E* q G 9' A* 6X [a $ F" 20 2 0 A *# 32 "r V$ " G' *# 6" 9'2q X 20 *7 * $ II+?9" E82 ' *# " G 2 I" 5 P 252 * $2 $ $X ' 6' W G? G" 9' * 'U(6Q e"2$ $ G' *# P*) 6/ U F" *$2 * 'U(6Q / G' *# 6* II+?9" a7 ' $X ' R * ƒ $ 9' % 3 ; \#/% P 352 G"Q? G *Q Q $? Z F F/ G" F "3 9' F %7 9"@2 A$# 9""32? Em F/ 6" +" *Q &S? Z * 9' F" 9""32 lm P$7 1 Trade Freedom 2 Investment Freedom ٣ Financial Freedom 4
IOB 67 8 3 6 $X : $ "2 1 V+8!$2 'U(G q ) 'U(G &?O 'U(G : 3$2 P) 9 M W1 F 1979 Z F 9' %# *" $ 6'* F 8M! " E$a 82 M E1"1#2 9'/ f 0M $^ 4" (6' J2) 6' FX 6 3 :V'a F J2 :6' 'U(G %# * IOB 67 8 "M5 S #: $= ]*H "; ^ B 13 "B "( 5, +5 #5 A + $ "*H IOB A $= ]*H _% V 5 B G A zw F 7$+8 : $ $ :A zw O 2( C &$B `^5 \##% GXF s 6$7 A zw 9"j+ G' G 6/!$2 6$2 >'32 */ F 'q zw 6*" $X e' '$2 " U ' A $= ]*H "a 5 * '$( ' P 'U(G g$[ 9' IOB 67 8 " 12 ( A"5% TW \ 'bb "5 +2( IOB "; ^ IOB +d; R \%c$ 5B Q "B ( 9:( ' H5Q # "5% TW +2( \ 23 3"%^ V E a G% */ F 3$2 P) $X * 1%^ 2000 $ A [ $X E a P 30008999 &!'!"# $% ١ g 1987 Z A $"European Management Symposium" V+8 9' "? g : the World Economic Forum * &$( " II+?9" EX :3a 1W P A47 *$ V+8 2 ""x2 I3 5
17000,!' 56 78 9: 3 2'/01 '!"# $% ; <= 20002999 &!' <= 900017000 &!' 22 2'/01 ' ; & 17000,!'! " #$% & 900017000 #$% 30008999 3! " #$% 20002999 Source: The Global Competitiveness Index 20132014, P 10 2000 () > GDP 3; < 5 &!C! 1' 56 78 9: AB 8# 3 3 IHE E > F G5 E 70,!' ' 20 356 &J 3 2'/01!"# $%!KO 2'/01!F K '!L' MN ' 3' F!01 9'2 Q"2P# 8# 3 N' & ' > KP3 ' &!2U L! K B ' MN ST= :! 7',BK ' R> # ' ; 7% ',' $!" ' 9'2 ' 20 56 V ' W 3 2'/01 Y= 96 56 # 2#X!CU 1 ' <= &!% F!01 3 2' Y= 23' 6
E? Ia 6 f 9' 2 'F 3 1 $ %# :* :'* F$/ G* :64 ' :q F ' : IOB 67 8 " 12 ( 33 A F 6 f 'U(G!"# P /$ 6 * F AF* + $^ 9' E* :* 2e' 7 5 /$ P$7 :G'F :6F 4 3 ' &' P$7 : :F *2%7 E? )?7 F$/ 6$O $ P+X ' &' P$7 6 / :? F 3$2 : " F G /$ 82 A E *"j"( SX 6/ F 9"" %# H'^ F $X %2 *7 O $^ : $ %# 7 2 1 g A *# G X" $X 'U(G ١ ١٢ Pillars ٢ Sub Index ٣ Basic Requirements ٤ Efficiency Enhancers ٥ Innovation and Sophistication Factors 7
IOB 67 8 " 12 (1' e# 201314 < 5 IOB " & ( +"?;@ 4 <'= 67 8 67 8 G"Q? J$1) 1 $3 G"Q? F G'+) 2 $+7 $ F b# 3 6*+" $+7 +7 4 A$ $ "r G ( 5 'i Z41 6? E1 E+"+2 G"?$%1 7? RS b 8 6F? E1 9 EX P P) $ N$OO ' 10 " &?O E1 $ N$OO ' 11? E+"+2 G"[ 12 0'2 ' 13 G' g ' 14 ' 6F 0 15 }"I( E* 6"+^ 16 8
67 8 A 4 17 * "+ E* 18 6'* XSl 6" 19 6* V F G'+) 20 (9' 10 :010) 6U ' F G'+) E* 21 I G'F G"[" 1 A G"[" 2 I' G'F G"[" 3 * G'F G"[" 4 '$ P1 P+) G'F G"[" 5 ($I" 6$"I") [ '$ G ^ G"I 6 J G"[" 7 (G"3+ [ 100 ) A+ 9[I2 u 8 (G"3+ [ 100 ) Gl 9[I2 p$w 9 (I? *"?$2 F *a )? $ 6F$2 1 (I? *"?$2 F *a ) I F*}( s 2 ( q E""x2 *a ) g$2 3 (I? *"?$2 F *a )? * 4 (0100 $Q) * Z+) 9'+) $X %7 %2 5 'q El 1 (G"3+ [ *a ) 'q k$" 2 P El 3 (G"3+ [ *a ) P k$" 4 F*' El 5 (9"x? F *a 6$7 ) F*' k$" 6 (A*F *?$2 ) 6 F$ " 7 *F *" 8 '* E4"#2 G"[" 9 (*a ) '* VW1 g G%l s 10 6" VW1 g G%l s 1?7 F$/ g G%l s 2 F$/ 0" G"[" 3 d' g$i7 F$/ G"[" 4 f* G''* G"[" 5 f* G' 6 &]( F$/ E* 7 6'!$2 6 F$/ 6" 8 I# G E* 1 F!I2 6" 2 # *d G" XSl 3 U ' A" E"? l 4 (*a ) E"? P s 5 67 8 G'F 64 i '* F$/ G* " G"2?7 F$/ q F '/ 9
67 8 e' k P) *32 6 e' k F" $ F *32 7 FX G" ' 8 82 V$ $ 9 (*a ) 82 32 10 G"Q? 6" 11 0"1 U ' 9"$ l 12 + G"w 13 I? *"?$2 F *a 6$7 E 14 *X 15 *' E *"j"( 16 "! Q+ 1 + 9""32 bw3 2 R g*s A$" 3 ([) J$1) d ' 4 6 A" E"? l 5 A G ( 6 ) G''* "Q2 7 *3 [) $X G"w 8 *3 NU $X G"w 9 (6 G%) " 6F GX 10? E* 1? E* '$2 2 I# g F H'^ F? 9"@2 3 g G?$ 4 e' ( ' 5 e QI+7 6 J Eq % E1 7 (9'= 10 :010) $ J$1) 8 L$?$Q2 9'/ G"I 1 A!$2 L$?$Q2 NU 6" 2 0"1 U ' L$?$Q2 Z1 3 (*a ) G' 6*A [ 4 ([ 100 ) * ( Gl 6X 5 (A*A [ "l G'$I") G' * ( 6 (G"3+ [ 100 * 9( P'$ u 7 (9'=7 :17) I F AF* 1 (9'=7 :17) F AF* 2 (q "I" *' E* f) I? *"?$2 3 I? *"?$2 F *a 6$7 E a 4 I# 6* d7 G"+ 1 I# 6* d7 G"[" 2 $ 3$2 G"3d 3 67 8 " F '? F 3$2 Q'L$?$Q2 / F AF* E *"j"( 0
67 8 G' G" 4 F A"8F G3 5 II+?9" V'F$2 Z 6 *"?$2 *'/ 6 $ 2 X"( 7 'F G3 8 a$ &S E* ˆ'$[2 G? P'+2 9 /$ G"w 1 +I7 21"1#2 G"[" 2 G 3$2 H"1#2 RS 3 3$2 H"1#2 AX G3a Q+ 4 X"( Q'L$?$Q2 Eq$#? E*2 5 6*+X 6* 6 (G"3+ 6$"I" e' ) E7 7 Source: The Global Competitiveness Index 201314 67 8 /$ IOB +d; R B "^B ( 9:( ' H5Q 43 H'^ F 6'* A*' F &"( A*+7 E4QX 9' $X &"( &?O 9'+ $ &( P ( $= B&' 67 8 4 A*' H%^ G I * '/ &1 'F '/ Ia b* )) 1 *'* 8' 42 $ '/ : '/ 6A*' F ' I" A* G"%y2 ' I3 3$2 ' (?x $ :F *2%7 '/ 6A*' b* * 6" '/ zw ]' 'F * '/ G"?3 "l@2 6" '/ G"?3 A* F ' J$X P$7 9""32 ١ GEM: Global Entrepreneurship monitor 1
'/ 3$2 G *+* lm " '+ :F *2%7!"# 'F "F '/ 6A*' b* 9"j+ (? $X()? V '/ 'F '/ ) G? G" 'F '/ 3$2 G? 'F '+ '* VW1 '/ F$/ 'F * Z) G Em 6/ Z1 3$2 H"1#2 G"?3 h' 'F *'* A* 82 E* 'F (F F/ i) E* q F 'F Q'" G'F 'F '/ J$X 7+ 8 'F F*A Ga 'F10 F*A G"I & 'F 11 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 6'/ 7+ '$212 G"Q? J$1) 13 6F '/ F G'+) 14 q * $215 /$ &' 16 P ('P 14 }c ($w$ '/) A* k F*A I) F '/ *'/ G"%y2 *3 I) $ J4^ ($ '/ G"?3 9' k$+8 * *'* '/ $ M " '/ P"( &' P) 9' F * G 2
/V+ 6Q 9' G A "AF* *) '/ 6A*' 8/ F G 0 ]' ' J" :A" A E74^ zw '/ G"3d : A V"+82 : " E$a $X " $+ *'+ I GEM & ' P ( + 2* GEM<'24 :G +I7 Z* ' N$OO F $ +I7 &]( ]' F Q' 8/ F $ Q'$v2 "F F " g8 A]' $[ Z* e'? GEM X]( Z* G * '/ 6" W u % Z* 9' G $ Z* 9' $ *U l '/ G"?3 h( P$7 GEM :G Ia t G"?3 X' :$X ' G% $X I lm V' * '/ " PQ E%l {% S'2 7+ :" i e' G"?3 g+2 :* P+7 I * Ia P$7 6$7 P+Q SX F (7 )!$ eo$ : (Ia ) 3
G *F" G? G" 6/ 12 G " 7$d$ '/ 9"j+ E*32 OcQ' 9' :G A t&"( 9' $ Z* F XS GEM Iv *' $X '/ ''$( P"2 '/ 12 M)4 P 0"1 l '/ 12 G? * $+7 A 12 G? 9' *' * &Sl 6/ H'$X2 '/ 12 G? G"?$1 Q' $ "$I 0)2 P*2 F 2 A $ + A F R A GX *' $X '/ G"?3 &' F*A F h' 9'2V' 9' U *' &' Z 44 2 25 GEM $i7 $X Ir G X Pa) '/ *'/ 6F GX 6F '/ &' ' * *32 *'( E**I o$w k$ I+7 F$/ '/ G"?3 " G F" AX F$/ *' '/ '$2 E 3$2 $ ZU% Ga "SX2 '$2 12 * $ M)4 P $2 *' *"@2 '/ ]' *' 2q */ " '/ 12 * A*7 $X '/ 12 A]' &1 GI 6% 6%10 &1 p$ :Ia F 9"? GEM $[ Z* 'q &S : $ 8" 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 3 $+ HW 9' t * II+?9" A*7 {7$ G A* G"%y2 G 3$2 $ $X 64 E%l G'F * $+7!' G 4
*"( &' * PQ 3 Ia G II+?9" G 6$2 :*' zw E* q M)4 P d12 G 9' 3$2 * * *'/ $ I 'M % : $ GEM Z*!"# p$ &S V 7+ F a k$ y 6M)a y 'M 9' G * 6 ""x2 gfq P"( * '/ : * # 6$7 Ia F 9" +2 6$ ' $ F :G "c$ Ia Q[2 " &S 9' G *'* * 8' 6/ &1 G * $2$ '/ * G $ F I+Q G" 6/ *"@2 GEMZ* F 9'2&" &' % El : Z1 H'^ F G V p%2 I * 0 *'* G"?3 'Ga Ir :E* q d12 3$2 V'2 ' & H'^ F *$2 9'/ G :' $ F G a7 $ Ia 6'X 6$7 G G' 8' * e+ g$" 9' $i7 $X :2$( 'M f Q' g8 *$ 0"12 $# /$ $# ' :( ) $#V% 5
GEM $? R R 3* 1 GEM P ( M?; <'34 '/ G"?3 P G '/ ( '+) s0" a7 ) GEM Z* F XS '/ %[? Z* " GEM I Z* F &S 9' * 6/ *3 P% A*" " &' * A$1? 6'/ : $ A*X P'n $+ $W+ G Iv 9' '/ G"I Ga u * * '/ G% %y ١ GEM ABC Model 6
Z* '/ * "PQ 8 * J$ '/ G+ % &' '/ %[? Z* 1 g &' I) 9' '/ %[? P3 '/ 6+ '/ *$ '/ G"?3 6+ 3' '/ $ G"%y2 2* F }( A $ ($ '/ * * A*" '/ G *$ a h' :G'U( E$a '/ Q' F }( '/ 3$2 J" 6$7 G#2 * A*'/ a7 ) $ 9W h' 6$7 7+ F 8' II+?9" a7 $i) &' :* :/$ *$ *$ * 3 kd $% % *' F '/ G"?3 &' * h' :&' [?m '/ %[? Z* k$+8 A*"8 '/ G% E) A 4 A X X!$2 GX"( 6" " h' E$a A*X!$2 " '/ h' 2 "F&"( F '/ " A* Z* 9' GEM P ( M?; <' 4* $ *$ A*"8 * 6/ ١ Attitudes 7
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1 M7 H5Q 244 F*A!"#!' A X" '/ 6% * %) N$OO A G A $ S 82 6%)a ' 6'/ *a : / 0 'F '/ N$OO 9 36 25 *' $+ 9' $2 $X? %"X( G? G" G? F$/ E4"#2 3$2 H"1#2 Z1 82 G'F I F 6 $ F Q'" G'F 7+ 8 P*) P &S 9' / *A* NS A% [ 4 6$O ' A$ 9"j+ * $i) X 9"S *a $ " $+ '/ 50 $+ g " 82 zw? a$ &S :G" :'"x V'F$2 *" $2 1 NES (national expert survey) 9
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+"?;@ XF 0" E"? l 6" W"# G'F QI+7 ' G" 6Q( 02 Source: wwwinseadedu ( *'( *F A$" ( [) $= '5 B =7 67 8 12 <'= +"?;@ ( ( W$ E4"#2 " ) 0Ic' 9"Q2 6$ Zx g*s P E S A " " A A + p%2 " A?7 E4"#2 " 6'* * E1 :6U6$?7 ' E 6S & 6X]( /$ '/ G"?3 *'* Z$# *3 "l@2 Source: wwwinseadedu $= '5 67 8 13 NUŒ : 3Œ$2 GŒ ŒQ PŒ Œ"r 0 7$d$ $X *3 " $%+ Œ 3Œ$2 *Œ 6*" + " &1 G 7$d$ " F$/ 2007 Z 9"? G"$$ I8 E74^ *) : "F 9' * [' *Œ32 Œd) ZŒ) GŒ ( 6Œ $ŒX 30 *3 "AF* G ' &' $X 60 *) $ $X : "AF* [" + E74^ F 6%S *3 E""x2 4 :" : 0"1 U ' :F$/ * : b* * A [ :G U"l@2 *3 G"?3 i 8' $X '$2 F 3
6 Œ 0Œ Œ *3 (!"# P"( "AF* : 9' &8 F G 2 $X F $? 6Q 6ŒX 'F Z* :G A* 9""%2 "x 30 7 9' &8 [?m G A* A $= '5 67 8 ( B 13 <'= +"?;@ Z 59 2 20 9" G"3+ "? * s 59 2 20 9" 9" G"3+ F$/ $ :(GDP *a ) F$/ $ :% F$/ 6F E* s :P"#2 M $ Z : W$ VW1 g G%l s :(GDP *a ) F$/& VW1 0I3 F$/& s :'* VW1 0I3 F$/& s :6q $ W$ AX %2 :$Q$' F$/ II+?9" * * 1%^ f g G%l? s ) (GDP *a ) X F$/ P $ :6 2 AX 3$2 H"1#2 9"Q2 :([ 6$"I" ) 500 9" 3$2 H"1#2 9"11# *32 $ 6'* : " E : " 6F E : " G"[" :([ 6$"I" G'+) : + J$1) 6$ : 9"$ G' *# :GDP q %S :S Z$ F G'+) :$3 G"Q? F 3$2 H"1#2 G% :I? *"?$2 0"1 U ' A"n!$ : g*s *3 NU P'+2 :E82 i 6 $ F Zx * :b2 P S */ Source: The Global Talent Index Report: The Outlook to 2015 ('F) 11/1 11/1 22/2 22/2 11/1 11/1 11/1 "5 "3+ % F$/ X F$/ " G"[" *3!"# 6 $ F NU P'+2 *3 1 5 IOB 67 8 14 G"+) * 'F "AF* 0 e' 6$7 'U(G :F *Œ2%7 Œ 9Œ' Œ [?m " A [ $ g' $X 6 63 Œ Œ' :EŒ74^ G"[ :*2 G" 9"F : ' Œ Œ" F$Œ/ :Œ Œ %"ŒX( E* :+ RS : ) G"?3 :F $1) ١ PCI: The Provincial Competitiveness Index 4
"+114 9Œ' GŒ 6 *'* A ' E[2 'F 'F 9' b* :* P'n o ' [?m P+X 'F F g G%l 6F E* F *8 g G%l 6F E* E"I+7 k gfq F$8 *32 1 9"F F A [ $1) $ U G M 6F E* Z$Œ^ A e' F X" 6 G"?3 k P"+Q2 P) Z$Œ^ Œ A F X" 6 G"?3 k P"+Q2 P) *ŒA* $ 24QX g8 gfq F$8 U G (G A* bu) 'A *a *8 'A *a *8 'A *a [?m 9' *3 4" 2009 Z F) P'% # \# "B 55214 "2 *2 G" 9"F P A &"( E4QX F *3 8 :G 'F [?m P+X * * 9"F F A [ $1) $ 'A *a 6 $1) + $ 9"F P ((0 ") 5 2 ( 'F ")1) G"Q? I e' M F G * %2 ({$+7 ' X"+ %) * G' [ Gr A : $ A 9"F (G1$ %) G F G+" E""x2 A* }Q3? 9"F G+" E""x2 ١ LURC: Land Use Rights Certificate 5
*X 9"F E4QX V IQX " :A?+) E4QX 6 G"? F }( ((9"'( ") 5 2 (q ") 1) '"? ""x2 M F G * %2 *ŒŒ *# 6 3$2 9"F * $2 'A *a (A* bu)) N$Œ "Œ Œ' N$ / 9"F P'*%2 G" p$ * %2 'A *a (A* bu)) G $Œ Œ/ G[?S F q 7 * e' '/ : $ 8' 2""x2 '"? (A* bu)) ({$+7 ' X"+ %) FŒ" $ $1) u* ' eu "B 55 #?8314 A '/ * 6X G "1 9' ' :G f q 7 E$a / u* '/ :* F*A 9"Œj+ $ "&"( P E$a A* 4 A *'* 9"$ G" * 6X 6 ' #[a G"$IW ' G"[ $1) E+"+2 gq) G"[ (6 $ 0 I" ' 0 %) G 0 " ' 0 6 u* p%2 {4 ' H$ %) G g8 &S e' 2"? E1 EU ( (H$ X"+ ' {$+7 %) 6 zw 9"$ 6 $ "&"( P ' #[a F" 6 $ F %) * G" I1 AX + &1 9+8 '/ (0 " ' 0 6
(A* bu)) ( X"+ ' {$+7 %) * # + 6$ E""x2 $ 6 %) Œ ŒI EŒ1 AŒX : *'+!$2 A* E* (A* bu) 2009 F) (N$ " ' N$ (A* bu)) (6 $ 0 I" ' 0 %) * G"+ G? AU 6 J #O +"+414 ŒA 9"j+ :* >I2 P) F E* O A * 6X "1 ŒI# ŒF Œ6FŒ!$2 F $ G"?3 *' E* O G *O $Œ E1 $ ba / 6F *a ( I %) G * >$ 10 F X" 'A *a (*'+ g+2) F *32!$ ( 2"? F E7!$ I %) *A* 2n$[? E1 ' & i 9 $M [ ( I %) G ( I %) G ' & (A* bu)) (%) G ' U Z ' & FUr ' F (A* bu)) G ' & U Z $ A* ba F *5Y Z514 VŒ eœ' F *Œ1 O :* G ( + RS *1 O A * 6X "1 Œ/ d RS G ( A$ : $ ba 6 G"?3 / d RS 7
F Œ G1W F E1 A$ :* «E*» 8" A$ ' M $ *"( 8" * A [ A RS I# E1 tœ3 Œ/ Œ Œ! Z3 G * $2 'A *a ƒœ Œd ŒGŒ ( Œ $Œ *Œ/ *a * $ E1 F A$ G$ 10 F &" 'A *a * Œ' HŒ$ {4Œ %) *Œ RS A I# E1 EM F A [ G? ( (H$ X"+ ' {$+7 %) * A / M $ h' + RS ( I) * G ( 6$""+? A '/ G g8 A V e' d RS **13 'A *a (A* bu)) 5 M+ " W +#; 614 $ EQ )^ : G" 6 *+$ G"4 p$ "1 e+ 0% I $ N$OO $ G?) 6 a$ &S 3$2 G I# +" G "[2 'ŒGŒa 9Œ' $ŒM I3 I 6$ $ E74^ E1 (H$ {4 ' H$ %) * A E4QX V $$ 6$ &S A p$ E4QX P) I 6$ 6 "F E1 (H$ {4 ' H$ %) * P+7 *+$ J4 a$ (G%y ' G%y " %) a$ &S G% G"+) A* u 8
* y / G? : " E@X G"+) F N$ EQ g+2 (A* bu)) (H$ {4 ' H$ %) E@X G? F 0 " g+2 * $ zw (A* bu)) (H$ {4 ' H$ %) % Q " " ( 9:( M#2O '7714 E*Œ Œ p$ "1 :* «a$ &S 3$2 E*» g 9' :Œ82 e'œ NUŒ :A 2M E74^ :a$ &S E82 3$2 A Q'L$?$Q2 E* 3a A ' 3a H^ G A* g G%l Z A* 6 U Z 'AX'+ 6 a$ &S p$ $+7 E* 6* *32 (%) G A A [ E74^ $8 E* F A A [Œ Œ Œ EŒ74^ X"( $8 $M a$ A* F A (%) G A $8Œ E*Œ Œ ŒX"( E*Œ A*Œ Œ eœ' F { *8 M A (%) * A [ E74^ (%) G A E$X 2M E74^ $ A (%) G E$X a$ A* 2M E74^ $ A 2ŒM EŒ74^ $Œ E$ŒX X"( E* A* F M A (%) * A [ (%) G A A [ 82 e' NU E* F A (%) G A A [ a$ A* F 82 e' NU E* A 9
A [ 82 e' NU E* X"( E* A* F M A (%) * (%) G A A [ E82 3$2 E* F A (%) G A A [ E82 3$2 E* a$ A* F A *Œ A [Œ E82 3$2 E* X"( E* A* F M A (%) G A A [!%2 (%) E* F A (%) G A A [!%2 Q'L$?$Q2 E* a$ A* F A!%2Œ Q'L$Œ?$Q2 E* E* X"( E* A* F M A (%) * A [ (N$ ' N$ " %) F E74^ : *'+!$2 A* E* (A* bu)) (N$ ' N$ " %) 82 e' NU : *'+!$2 A* E* (A* bu)) (N$Œ Œ' N$Œ "Œ %) E Œa 3$2 : *'+!$2 A* E* (A* bu)) %)!%2Œ Q'L$Œ?$Q2 E* L$?$Q2 : *'+!$2 A* E* (A* bu)) (N$ ' N$ " P ( # 814 Œ ŒEŒ 3Œ$2 Œ ) F$/ $% 6q$v 42 G "1 * 6X " 6 $ $M I# V'a 0
JW + $ 914 Œ A A$ G $ a$ &S 6"+^ p$ G "1 6$7 / Q' ' * A b4 P) lm e' 6$7 $1) ** * + ŒX"+ %) G A * M *'*82 "Q $ 0" ({$+7 ' %) *ŒŒ GŒ'+) G"Q? J$1) F $1) 0" * 6"+^ A (H$ {4 ' H$ A *a 6 A? "r 6F!$2 A* G%l $ (%) * A [ E4 *8 P) $ ' ' A F A A*( P) F" $ F!$ A*( F *a 6$7 + "r + '!$ (A* bu)) b4 P) "? G?) 6$7 $ F A [ 2002 Z F "? E$a INSEAD m 1 ")M8 P 67 8 15 V+8 Q+ 9' 3$2 A *'* /$ "l@2 >X :AL( 9' A*' 9"? $ X 4" N$OŒO 3$2 Z) ' 3$2 $X Q% / "AF* G A $ 6"0"+2 zw E^%2 E74^ l 'F * $ $[ $ $X 144 : 4" 2013 Z A* X 9'/ / $ * :G $ P'n Pa 5 f Q% / %# N$OO ١ WEF: World Economic Forum 1
GŒ 2Œ") "Œ EŒ^%2 E74^ 7+ El "AF* 1 A*Œ P'*Œ%2 0Œ " G3a e' E^%2 E74^ G3a $X Œ A4Œ7 Œ G A ƒ $ Zx A F F "+XO 0 Œ7 Œ8" Œ' Œ&ŒS F "Œ Q' P32 E^%2 E74^ 6*Œ EŒ^%2 EŒ74^ A Ul /$ &' 2$ŒŠŒ( Œ7 A Œ 7+ " )% 2*'( 2Z3 GX " G? 6* "Œ Œ Œ' F *ŒAŒ 3 G"w &' 7 *3!"# 2 E74^ " A$# $X e' G"1$ $ E^%2 E74^ /$Œ '$Q 8" 7+ N$IW V " E^%2 *3Œ!'Œ Œ21 N$OO :F!' I+ F!"# I G"3d '/ /$ Œ pœ&"œ( IŒa u# :6/ F A [ E^%2 E74^ / 3 G l $ Z$) Œ ŒF *Œ PQ2 P32 E^%2 E74^ 0"$ e' P$7 + 4 G Ul " ' AF$) $% AF$) e' $% : $ Fr/ O 9' Œa$Œ? Q+ Ga " "G *' N$OO 5 * SX 9"Œ F" "x G A* P"QX2 "x 54 9 10 :'F 4 F 9' "x $X G"3d :* 2e' 7 *7 "x F" O $ M 7 2 1 A* P"QX2 'F O EF" A 9"" F ' F" G $ G 6/ t $ Pa) 6/ w 6 A 9"" F " 'F F" 6/ * Q% / Q' 0 a7 + 2
")M8 P 67 8 7 5 7 * 9Œ' Œ"x F (Œ"x 29) *Œa 54 GŒ Œ[" + A F %"2 9' 1 eœ : ŒII+?9"Œ EŒ^%2 ' #2 I+ F II+?9" 6F * + A : 2 Œ9Œ' Œ' *Œ Œ[" G" ' "x 1 *A /V+ 6/ PI 6F Œ 6'* F 8M H'^ F E74^ P"% 9' G A $% f 6/ E74^ 9' $X F$/ G"[" G? F*0XO p$ A G A* /V+ *" ١ ITU: International Telecommunication Union ٢ UN: Union Nations 3
")M8 P 67 8 +#k +67 8 14 <'= #k U6$ * XSl ICT p$ 9"$ 'i Z41 EX V $ ' 9"$ 6*"X &?O $1) 0" ' $3 G"Q? F G'+) g F F8"r c s F" $ P) *32 F" $ F *32 L$?$Q2 9'/ "/A^S ' P E"? s F*A F" $ 6F F*A F" $ P) *32 I# G E* X E4"#2 gg%l s G''* A *QX G"[" X"(? u*2 A+ 9[I2 J *"?$2 Q% &$( s (kb/s per user) II+?9" G' * ( 9+' G'?"8' Eq$# G"I A+ 9[I2 32 Gl * ( G' 32 9[I2 G' &S G F$/ 0" G"[" g$i7 d' F$/ G"[" W$ F$/ gg%l? s 6q $ s A+ 9[I2 u G' S *a S 2$"c A $ G' A $ G7( G' u P'$ q * ( u \( 21 "!"# /$!"# G'F Z"8' Eq$#? G7W E 67 8!"# / 4
#k F8 7+ Q% F A [ A zw L$?$Q2 NU 6" /$ G"w E7 G%l Q+ 6+"( p%2 G' F A [ 6" X p%2 G' F A [ 6" ICT G? F*0XO 6* F$/ 6" G? G'$? ICT G"+ G? Q"Q? E* *'* E* Eq$# ICT l ICT k G%l G$ *'* F Z* ICT l $#& PrX '( E* ICT l f* ' G? XSl ICT A [ Q"Q? GX Source: The Global Information Technology Report \(? El 7+ El 67 8 l d d 67 8 16 Œ 'Œ6FŒ AFŒ GŒ" A*"Œ$( } " d) 7 E74^ & l &1 H" G *$ * U *'( E%l I) :# 0^42( I) F $ *$ ŒS A Œ 'Œ &Sl '0 Q $ >3d E$ p1 6$"(!"# * :F ( :& Z$) 8' G'F :& F 20? * *+$ 6Œ" :9[I2 G' :2$"c Q% P"% F ^%2 G'F 8' G 6/ u EŒ1 9"$Œ Œ :* +I7 Eq1 E7 :/$ :$X F$/ zw!'œ &Œ Œ Œ $X / 6" 0 P$7 F :*/ lm? :Œ6/ $Œ% PŒ$7 Œ"x 9' G"3d F / * 7+ " : >IS G *$ $X * 'F " "l@2 5
G) "F $ >3d E$ p1 F $X k4^ 8 b* e X 4" 2000 1995 Z & : "& G+ ŒM $ * %# $X 146 4" 2012 Z 9' A+ 9'/ Œ!"Œ# EŒ74^ /9Œ :/$Œ :F$Œ/ g* U ' G 6/ F ) *Œ'( Œ * 8" E*"?$2 & HI &' 8 : $ 67 8 ( 116 9Œ' Œ A4Œ7 GŒ Œ * u# & 6/ G & NŒ :HŒI : Œ 3Œ$2 b* & 6/ $ [ & $ X F Œa Œa7 A*Œ" Œ GŒ H$ & 6* P'*%2 )^ $Œ 'Œ FŒ Eq Œ% *7!"# :F$/ E**I U ' I+ Œ eœ Œ *'/ G 'F 'F O A 9"" F & * :G A 3 & Ia 6 6$7 6/ 1 0'L A" 2 /9 f% /$ 3 " ' F$/ 4 E^%2 E74^ /9 G'F 1 2 3 4 ١ EIR: Economic Incentive and Institutional Regime ٢ Innovation and Technological Adoption ٣ Education and Training ٤ Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) Infrastructure 6
d d 67 8 7 5 8 * V 9' c, #D 17 J4^ N A A'( F 7$ +I7 E7 * 9"3 2 * 6Q 9' G A* X g4 6" E7 G A* k I% E* F e"* *3 E* F e"* :F *2%7 *$ 3 & : 1 SCImago Z2(!$2 A* g47 A* X E* P *32 $ " [ Eq1 Eq1 P $ 9' :k P E* *32 M $ F AF A* X E* E7 g+2 :E7 *32 2 AF $X 6+!$2 A* X E* E7 g+2 : $ E7 *32 M $ F 1 2 3 4 ١ SCImago Journal & Country Rank ٢ Self Citations 7
1 F AF A* X * F E7 9"" : * F E7 M $ G A* k$ 6/ H P*) $X e' Eq1 *32 : 2 H H1# ' *+X A* X "l@2 A 6+ E$a 2 42 H % 27 *32 *+X A* k X" Eq1 F 7$+8 9' * 6X A F *$2 9"j+ 9' *A G' A* X ' 6/ G * A [ +I7 ZL ' $X ' AX ' 6+2( e' * 6*+X 6X](?1 h 5 6 'U( "l@2 h *1 $X/X]( e' * $ "22 9' *A* V k$ $ 3 h P*) Eq1 ' g* G A* X * 6X A* X * F E7 *32 0 EX *32 0 9' ١ Citations per Document ٢ H Index 8