CIP / ISBN Ⅰ. Ⅱ. Ⅲ. Ⅳ. D /

CIP / 1999. 3 ISBN 7-81029 - 792-9 Ⅰ. Ⅱ. Ⅲ. Ⅳ. D634. 3. 510632 850 1168 1 /32 7 172 1999 3 1 1999 3 1 1 1000 15. 00

3000 80% 90%

2 1998 8 5

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2700 1 500 2

6 3 19 4 1980 1984 100 45 80% 90% 5

7

8 6 1988 11 7

9 8

10 60 60 9

11 10 瑏瑡

12 80 1 1989 3 11 3 2 1987 73 3 1965 70 80 90% 35 1984 7 10 12 30 80 4 Community and Nation 1981 253 256 4 1882 1885

13 19 1901 1881 5 1987 10 31 6 Asia Week 1983 6 3 28 37 7 1988 11 12 61 8 1989 7 5 3 9 1960 1 1 10 1901 29627 29153 474 C. Y. Choi Chinese Migration and Settlement in Australia 1975 42 瑏瑡 1966 23281 15406 7875 10 66 4 1989 11

1 2 3

15 50 18 1860 19

16 17 18 1740 19 1945 1791 1842 19 1909 1914 12 30 1929 2 5

17 1. 19 1882 10 1940 4 1943 1885 1923 6 30 1931 6 17 1901 1 2

18 3 2. 1907 1910 1930 4 5

19 3. 19 1882 1886 3095 2788 6 1946 7 8 1946 1954 1954 1979 1960 1962 2 /3 9 1980 1975 1957

20 1975 1975 1952 10 5 3 1948 ~ 1966 5 瑏瑡 1948 15 1967 1979 30 1980

21 瑏瑢 1953 4 19 4 22 1 瑏瑣 1956 6 22 12 18 1973 6 9 1974 5 31 1975 5 7 3 瑏瑤 1990 8 8 瑏瑥 60 100 瑏瑦 1947 500 7 5 1956 1 7 7 1923 ~ 1947

22 1959 10 1946 50 1952 10 1972 11 1974 1956 11 1912 1931 30 1

23 1957 70% 1958 1908 1956 1966 50 1949 1963 1950 70

24 12 30 10 瑏瑧 1989 30 ~ 32. 5 瑏瑨 3000 1969 1980 122013 瑏瑩 1954 1960 32 瑐瑠

25 瑐瑡

26 70

27 1 2 1985 6 2 1989 3 1979 768 4 1979 102 5 1981 51 6 1920 History of the White Australia Policy to 1920 1967 71 7 99 5 45 28 21 49 ~ 50 8 60 1967 9 Changing Identities of the Southeast Asian Chinese Since World War Ⅱ 1988 115 10 1986 193 ~ 194 瑏瑡 378 ~ 379 瑏瑢 1980 9 14 2 瑏瑣 1959 47 瑏瑤 1980 3 瑏瑥 1990 8 9 1 瑏瑦 The Chinese in Indonesia

28 1976 214 28 瑏瑧 Community and Nation 1981 253 瑏瑨 Kompas 1989 12 10 16 1990 8 29. 3 1990 8 31 1 瑏瑩 Indonesian Chinese in Crisis 1983 156 1967 300 150 25 125 Masalah WNI dan Masalah Huakiau di Indonesia 1971 17 1954 300 90 210 1954 3 18 1978 39 瑐瑠 67 瑐瑡 1988 11 12 1992 2

100 3000 8 1900 1990 19 700 1 1991 265 2 1945

30 10 3 2. 5 53 1 4 1966 1980 9 1989 1300 1978 5 1990 140 5 1961 24 18 1975 18 10 1990 129 10 6 1966 4 629 272782 7 1969 12 50 5 8 1974 3

31 1966 80 1962 127 300 1975 9 70 212 5 10 1975 1985 250 30 瑏瑡 1909 35 瑏瑢 1977 8 1985 500 瑏瑣 1 1600 15 1987 96 1400 10 瑏瑤 50 瑏瑥 160 30 瑏瑦 1.

32 瑏瑧 瑏瑨 2. 3.

33 200 1978 1990 5 瑏瑩 1. 6 瑐瑠 6000 瑐瑡 180 瑐瑢

34 100 60 瑐瑥

35 80 1992 1989 1989 1990 1989 1988 2000 1000 8 7000 瑐瑦 15 100 瑐瑧

36 1985 1988 800 瑐瑨 1990 200 瑐瑩 90 1 瑏瑩 1990 2 10 2 1991 6 11 3 1986 3 24 4 1990 12 5 5 1990 6 30 6 1990 11 15

37 7 1983 66 8 1978 321 9 1989 1 44 10 1991 12 21 瑏瑡 瑏瑠 1985 12 13 瑏瑢 1990 9 11 瑏瑣 1985 10 10 瑏瑤 5 1989 12 30 瑏瑥 1987 7 14 瑏瑦 1988 11 1 瑏瑧 1989 5 3 瑏瑨 1974 186 瑏瑩 10 1990 7 17 瑐瑠 10 1989 6 23 瑐瑡 10 1992 2 25 瑐瑢 1992 2 18 瑐瑣 1988 10 12 瑐瑤 1991 2 1991 12 28 瑐瑥 10 1991 9 9 瑐瑦 10 1991 6 20 瑐瑧 1988 6 10 瑐瑨 20 1988 9 40 瑐瑩 1991 50 1992 1992 4

3000 1990 2000 700 260 185 1 2 1966 1976 80 1981 1996 200

39 2 /3 80 80 90 1. 3

40 2. 1989 3. 80 4 4. 80 100 5 6 5. 6. 1840 1949 7 1990 126 8 100

41 90 1. 80 100 20 2. 3. 1989 130 9 10 29 310

42 4. 瑏瑡 5. 1994 6. 1. 2.

43 3. 1.. S. 瑏瑢 2. 3.

44 4. 1997 8 20 1978

45 1 1992 1 1 2 1905 1910 1917 1928 1929 1935 1939 3 4 1989 5 1984 4 59 6 1984 4 7 1988 1989 8 1991 3 1 9 1992 1 5 10 9 1993 3 瑏瑡 1994 1996 瑏瑢 Comtemporary Southeast Asia 14 1 1992 6 75 ~ 76 1997 4

1 70 80% 90% 100

47 2 1998 6 13 3 1971 4 5 1800

48 6 1978 1983 9 7 1988 2195 154 226 275 1950 1726 14. 76% 132 1. 26% 129 0. 52% 226 2. 05% 8 1991 40 1993 96 1866 9 1979 127 1985 304 10

49 1 /3 1969 5. 13 1996 1290 60 瑏瑡 1997 5000 瑏瑢 25 瑏瑣 2 瑏瑤 1997 瑏瑥 1.

50 7 2 瑏瑦 1949 1000 1 /5 2. 1966 1967 BAKOM - PKB 瑏瑧 1980

51 瑏瑨 1994 瑏瑩 1994 8 26 瑐瑠 1995 1 25 瑐瑡 1998 5 21

52 瑐瑢 瑐瑣

53 1983

54 1997 2 10 14 1989 1985

55 瑐瑤 瑐瑥 瑐瑦

56

57 瑐瑧 21 1 2Rose Hum Lee The Chinese in the United States of America Hong Kong University Press 1960 P. 407. 3 1998 6 13 1998 6 16 4 1992 170 5 4 171 6 1997 1 8 7 1983 6 1 8 1993 4 39 9Elsa Gibbons Chinese Studies in Australian Schools 1995

58 10 1992 431 瑏瑡 1996 11 15 瑏瑢 1997 8 10 瑏瑣 1994 1 1 瑏瑤 1995 4 4 瑏瑥 1997 3 8 瑏瑦 1994 10 11 瑏瑧 Kompas Jakarta 1991. 4. 12. 瑏瑨 1997 2 3 ~ 2 16 55 瑏瑩 Jakarta Post 1994. 8. 4. 瑐瑠 1994 9 9 瑐瑡 Angkatan Bersenjata Jakarta 1995. 12. 6. 瑐瑢 6 1997 3 4 瑐瑣 瑐瑢 6 瑐瑤 1996 11 15 瑐瑥 1997 6 27 瑐瑦 2 1988 4 瑐瑧 1997 11 1 1998 11 1998 4

600 3% 1986 20. 1 1 1. 3% 1945 1965 1901 19 1965 1966 1945 1954

60 1954 1967 1969 1960 1955 1979 115 2 1980 30 32. 5 3 95% 1957 15 5 1966 5 4 1973 3 1966 1967

61 5 6 20 50 1988 7 300 9 7

62 1945 1949 1949 1953 32 1954 9 1955 3 1958 1967 1901 500 1901 50 3

63 8 1881 38533 1947 9144 1966 21712 9 1958 1966 1973 1979 1979 1989 1. 2. 50 50 3. 4. 11. 5 12 10 1987 47450 1100 瑏瑡 20 1966 2 1986 17

64 20 15 7000 1966 4 629 瑏瑢 27 1969 50 5 瑏瑣 1974 瑏瑤 13 8 1966 4

65 瑏瑥 1959 29 瑏瑦 80 78 瑏瑧 9 10 50

66 1918 10 1945 1949 50 瑏瑨 1959 瑏瑩 50 60 瑐瑠 1958

67 1959 10 1966 瑐瑡 瑐瑢 1966 60 瑐瑣 瑐瑤

68 瑐瑥 1977 10 BA-KOM - PKB Kristoforus Sindhunatha 瑐瑦 1978 瑐瑧 瑐瑨 瑐瑩 1959

69 瑑瑠 瑑瑡 瑑瑢 64% 69% 瑑瑣 1978 瑑瑤

70 1 1986 1989 1 3 1 2 1984 7 10 3 Kompas 1989 12 10 16 4 1966 3 1968 3 3000 H I Non - white Immigration and the White Australia Policy 1970 51 5 1978 162 61984 1 100 44 7 1988 8 23 28 8 1902 33 618 1904 1 115 1907 61 1966 5 17 9 Chinese Migration and Settlement in Australia 1975 22 42 67 10 15 1987 8 61 瑏瑡 1988 4 26 3 瑏瑢 Indonesian Chinese in Crisis 1983 66 瑏瑣 1978 321

71 瑏瑤 1965 9 10 1 瑏瑥 瑑瑡 1989 1 瑏瑦 1960 92 瑏瑧 瑏瑥 169 ~ 174 瑏瑨 1956 3 27 1 瑏瑩 1959 11 28 1959 23 瑐瑠 1987 111 130 瑐瑡 1989 2 5 24 瑐瑢 Indonesian Foreign Policy and the Dilemma of Dependence 1976 120 ~ 121 瑐瑣 Political Thinking of the Indonesian Chinese 1900 1977 1977 227 瑐瑤 1990 3 12 1 瑐瑥 Warga Baru 1985 139 ~ 143 147 ~ 150 159 瑐瑦 1983 6 3 30 瑐瑧 瑏瑢 169 瑐瑨 1986 11 11 Muslim Tionghoa 1986 12 瑐瑩 4 8 瑑瑠 1985 81 瑑瑢 15 59 61 瑑瑣 The Assimilation of the Chinese in Australia 1970 11 瑑瑤 1983 6 1 11 1990 3

1279 19 50

73 18 70 1738 1795 2 1 1930 1930 123 20 2 17% 121734 60. 6% 3 1950 30% 4 180 600 1930 125548 75188 5 21% 13% 19 30 6 1930 38213 7 66700 57% 1955 20 8 10 1849 4178 278 754 1899

74 14440 1391 1655 9 1930 24824 26% 10 1983 91236 瑏瑡 2 1930 20375 瑏瑢 71% 1990 31. 4 瑏瑣 4. 5 1. 6 瑏瑤 90% 700

75 18 1772 1777 1812 31 瑏瑥 1848 130 瑏瑦 1850

76 瑏瑧 1888 60% 37% 瑏瑨 1814 1930 47% 40% 1920 2. 4 2. 1 1840 1 6 瑏瑩 19 1930 1854 9 25 瑐瑠 80 1987 14431 7992 瑐瑡

77 1954 25090 1986 12900 瑐瑢 1830 1910 587 1. 2 3346 瑐瑣 1933 8234 2 1919 7 1 瑐瑤 1. 80 30 80% 1985 2. 3 2 3 4 18310 5 8 100 1. 1 3. 6 瑐瑥 1920 990 1924 1800 1 瑐瑦

78 1851 1911 1861 1921 瑐瑧 1895 1841 1916 18 1890 1891

79 40 1958 31 550 瑐瑨 1993 瑐瑩 350 1740 19 1871 1876 1934 1945 10 1946 4 1947 1948 20 瑑瑠 1928 11 10 1930

80 瑑瑡 1900 1942 3 542 1897 1978 1895 1980 1896 1985 1915 1992 1917 1944 1943 9 20 11 7 1 50 1919 1944 1919 1944 1915 1944 4 瑑瑢 1946 9 20 1953

81 0 1865 1958 1952 1958 2 /3 1905 1880 1940 1883 1928 1870 1911 1882 1947

82 1909 52 1907 100 1906 5 1911 1921 3 2 1910 5 1912 8 1912

83 1911 3 10 1877 1911 1907 1911 5 1911 11 17 1882 1911 1885 1911 1884 1914 1912 1914 3 1882 1911 1911 3 1867 1911 1911 8 13 11 7 1881 1974 2 /3 1912

84 1919 瑑瑣 8 1925 6 1926 7 1903 1931 15 1924 1925 1927 1928 1931 5 1905 1962 20 1926 1910 1986 1929 1936 1937 1938 8 1931

85 1937 1938 3 31 4 10 13218. 59 12537 34 1939 1941 160 1 瑑瑥 98611 10 20 瑑瑦 1899 300 2 /3 42 1904 9 1906 10 1906 11 16

86 1939 6 1894 300 700 1907 瑑瑧 20 40 1949 1897 1971 1898 1981 1955 1955

87 1956 瑑瑨 1913 10 1927 5 1939 1906 1986 18 50 20 1955 30 1938 1948

88 1937 1950 1986 1 1961 141 23Volkstelling 1930 7 1935 294 4 1981 76 5 2 292 6 1965 730 7 1985 184 8 1955 98 9Mary F. Somers Heidhues Bangka Tin and Mentok Pepper 1992 43 85 95 10 瑏瑢 2 291 瑏瑡 9 218

89 瑏瑣 1991 40 瑏瑤 1996 1 11 1989 17 瑏瑥 1978 48 瑏瑦 瑏瑧 W. J. Cator The Economic Position of the Chinese in the Netherlands Indies 1936 150 157 瑏瑨 1932 C. 79 瑏瑩 瑏瑦 182 204 瑐瑠 1955 228 瑐瑡 瑐瑢 9 212 210 瑐瑣 瑏瑦 200 瑐瑤 瑐瑥 9 148 ~ 149 214 瑐瑦 1927 45 瑐瑧 1936 131 瑐瑨 1995 88 瑐瑩 Survey 1993 12 7 瑑瑠 1899 1986 1905 1962 1906 1975 1901 1977 1896 1985 1903 1990 瑑瑡 1859 1930 1854 1926 瑑瑢 0 1993 30 ~ 31 瑑瑣 1996 1 12 瑑瑤 1938 5 16 22 ~ 23 瑑瑥 1946 344 瑑瑦 瑏瑣 69

90 瑑瑧 瑐瑨 395 瑑瑨 1996 11 1996 4

1 1957 1958 1966 1949 1901 1912 65 5451 2

92 1940 650 2500 76000 3 1945 1950 1949 816 23 4 1952 1958 1957 11 1861 301401 97000 5 1958 158 1959 1959 1 510 1957 1 /4 12. 5 6 1963 1965 629 272782 7 1966 20

93 1946 7 8 1951 2 13 1953 4 1955 4 30 9

94 1952 12 1954 7 1 4 127 1956 12 20 24 91 10 1950 瑏瑡 1952 瑏瑢 1952

95 瑏瑣 1952 瑏瑤 瑏瑥 1953 7 15 12 15 1 15 5 1 瑏瑦 5 4

96 50 1952 1956 6 瑏瑧

97 1948 6 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 瑏瑨 1952 12

98 瑏瑩 瑐瑠 1901 1948 1927 1954 B A B C B 1956 53 瑐瑡

99 1955 瑐瑢 瑐瑣 1956 11 瑐瑤 1957

100 瑐瑥 1958 7 11 1 /4 瑐瑦 瑐瑧 1958 7 11

101 1958 瑐瑨 A B A B 1957 8 1961 1965 瑐瑩 1960 A B A

102 1949 50 1954 瑑瑠 2 /3 60 13 瑑瑡

103 1950 1955 1 瑑瑢 1958

104 1 2 1928 376 3 1963 1 54 4 15 1 1959 7 10 5 1957 11 21 6 1959 1 5 7Charles A. Coppel Indonesian Chinese in Crisis Kuala Lumpur 1983 P. 66. 8 1993 530 9 1955 5 3 10 1961 109 ~ 111 瑏瑡 1 2 1950 8 5 8 瑏瑢 7 7 1952 4 12 19 瑏瑣 2 7 1953 1 1 27 瑏瑤 7 10 1952 5 4 6 ~ 7 瑏瑥 50 瑏瑦 1953 1 3 瑏瑧 60% 33 1955 5 1 20 1956 25 1956 3 15 瑏瑨 4 15 2 1959 12 23 ~ 24

105 瑏瑩 瑐瑠 1952 12 23 瑐瑡 1956 11 26 瑐瑢 瑐瑣 1993 42 ~ 43 瑐瑤 1956 11 26 瑐瑥 1957 2 24 瑐瑦 1958 8 27 瑐瑧 1958 10 6 瑐瑨 1964 5 ~ 6 瑐瑩 1996 4 ~ 6 瑑瑠 1954 3 13 瑑瑡 Asia Week Hong Kong 3 June 1983 P. 36. 瑑瑢 1955 1 31 1997 12

1995 1995 1 1287 592184 26377 1 60 1970 15890 1975 25047 1982 44600 2 1995 1 58948 2596 3

107 3 6 6 45 ~ 53 7 4 1995 1 3679 5 400 10 6 1995 3. 5 2. 5 6 1995 4 7 1995 5 8

108 1975 34. 9% 1985 32. 8% 9 500 1819 10 瑏瑡 3

109 瑏瑢 1920 1980 M 1987 1995 50 10 瑏瑣

110 1955 瑏瑤 1985 1975 2. 1% 瑏瑥 1957 1967

111 1957 1961 1961 21 2 瑏瑦 瑏瑧 1995 12 1961 21 2 瑏瑨 瑏瑩 瑐瑠 1983 800 57. 13% 瑐瑡 1995 SPM 592 STPM 771 瑐瑢

112 1993 4000 500 瑐瑣 1994 12 瑐瑤 40 2020 瑐瑥

113 13 1995 1995 12 199 208 2 1991 262 4 1992 1 6 ~ 7 5 1 210 6 1995 6 5 7 6 1995 4 4 8 1995 5 16 9 8 1988 2 10 10 1 3 瑏瑡 1995 8 瑏瑢 8 1993 2 8 瑏瑣 1994 20 ~ 23 1989 4 瑏瑤 2 102 瑏瑥 1992 12 瑏瑦 4 1957 4 1994 11 18 瑏瑧 1970 48. 8% 1975 35. 8% 1980 26. 2% 2 118 134 瑏瑨 瑏瑩 1995 12 22 瑏瑩 瑐瑠 瑏瑨 1995 12 8 瑐瑡 2 192 瑐瑢 1995 6 8 瑐瑣 1993 10 18 1995 8 12

114 瑐瑤 瑐瑣 1995 12 29 瑐瑥 1996 3 1994 12 18 7 1993 9 1988 2 10 1996 1

100 19 1 19 19 1901

116 1947 4 5 7 1956 10 2 1947 1956 7 1956 7 1957 12 117 3 1958 15

117 1. 2. 5 15 3. 1958 1960 512 4 1959 5 6 1966 3 9 1. 5

118 2. 1973 1958 5 3 1974 1979 80 1979 60 7 1978 1983

119 8 8 20 1881 38533 1901 29627 1947 9144 1954 12878 1966 23281 9 1976 70 80 8 10 10 1986 21. 3 瑏瑡 1. 3% 20 60 瑏瑢 1947 67% 1901 1954

120 瑏瑣 1966 1947 258 : 100 1966 196 : 100 瑏瑤 1986 瑏瑥 1986 20 1911 32% 1966 82. 98% 97% 瑏瑦 1911 33. 98% 1966 89. 13% 1911 38. 3%

121 1966 90. 1% 1911 45. 64% 1966 95. 53% 1911 5. 32% 1966 49. 7% 瑏瑧 1966 2. 25% 1. 6% 8. 49% 0. 60% 4. 55% 5. 78% 6. 30% 1. 80% 2. 98% 瑏瑨 1966 51. 37% 25. 13% 瑏瑩 76. 5% 20 1911 35% 17% 9% 13% 7% 瑐瑠 1966 18% 17% 11%

122 7% 15% 瑐瑡 20 80 1983 1000 300 瑐瑢 70 1000 瑐瑣 2000 瑐瑤 1988 2500 2 300 9 瑐瑥 1959 29 瑐瑦 1976 51 瑐瑧 1989 78 瑐瑨

123 瑐瑩 1986 11 33 100 瑑瑠 1990 12 72 瑑瑡 3 1977 500 500 1972 120 250 瑑瑢 300 20 80

124 60 64% 69% 瑑瑥 瑑瑤

125 1984 1987 1987 1988 瑑瑥 Ching vale 11891 87. 2% 1. 59% 1979 4 1987 215 217

126 2 1958 106 3 1967 84 456 瑏瑣 1962 35 125 99 101 153 7H I 1970 29 8 1983 6 1 11 9 瑏瑤 瑏瑥 瑏瑦 瑏瑧 瑏瑨 1975 22 42 66 28 67 52 67 10 瑏瑡 1988 7 19 1 瑏瑢 瑏瑩 瑐瑠 瑐瑡 1975 186 188 瑐瑢 瑐瑧 瑑瑤 1986 165 214 219 223 234 241 1 瑐瑣 瑐瑤 1978 470 493 1984 4000 700 1984 5 15 瑐瑥 1988 8 23 28 瑐瑦 1960 92 瑐瑨 1989 167 ~ 174 瑐瑩 1989 6 瑑瑠 1987 12 瑑瑡 1990 12 18 3 瑑瑢 1988 6 瑑瑣 1969 11 瑑瑥 1988 4 18 1 1993

60

128 1 C. Y. Choi 11 1 /3 2 1 /3 1966 400 2% 1 /4 3 4 19

129 19 1881 3. 8 5 1901 1901 29627 0. 78% 1921 17157 0. 31% 1947 9144 0. 12% 6 1901 1947 46 10483 250 1911 24: 1 1933 6: 1 1947 2. 5: 1 7

130 1901 3090 9. 3% 1921 3669 17. 6% 1947 2950 24. 4% 8 50 1957 1982 70 1958 15

131 5 1966 5 1974 3 1974 1979 1981 9 0. 6% 9 1986 17. 2 1. 1% 20 1. 3% 10 20 8. 3 4. 7 3. 7 3 1987 130 瑏瑡 1982 1989 49 1 瑏瑢

132 60 64% 瑏瑣 69% 80 6% 12. 5% 19% 18% 16% 瑏瑤 1979 1983 9

133 瑏瑥 1700 1H. I. 1970 29 2 1975 97 ~ 112 3 2 102 ~ 103 4 1920 1967 189 5 A 1974 277 6 2 42 7 1975 187 8 2 50 9 16 2 1985 181 10 1988 13 瑏瑡 1988 320 瑏瑢 1989 6 29

134 瑏瑣 1969 11 瑏瑤 瑏瑢 196 瑏瑥 1983 6 1 1995 1

1901 1973 1 10 60 1788 1

136 1851 1855 27272 1860 38348 2 1860 24732 12988 3 1855 6 10 1 20 10 10 1857 1861 1861 1877 1 1400 1878 1880 1878 1884 10 50 10 50 1886 1887 1888 6 500 1

137 90 1891 2503 1800 1901 30542 3554 4681 1800 4 1896 1897 1897 1898 1899 1901 1 1 5 50 1905 50 1894

138 1 /4 6 1850 50 1888 7 8 9 1861 20 114944 12986 10

139 瑏瑡 1887 5 R J 瑏瑢 1888 3 瑏瑣 瑏瑤

140 瑏瑥 19 420 2. 1 5 6 瑏瑦 瑏瑧 瑏瑨

141 1882 10 1885 10 50 1854 6 7 4 1857 5 7 1860 12 1861 1 1876 1877 1878 1888 4 1880 1881 38533 1891 35821 1901 29627 瑏瑩

142 1902 1909 1902 1903 1904 1905 1907 1908 1909 618 136 115 104 61 107 107 33 13 1 3 0 1 1 A. T. Yarwood Asian Migration to Australia Melb. U. P. 1964. p. 49. 1921 20826 瑐瑠 0. 31% 1947 12094 0. 16% 1891 5. 3% 1947 24. 4% 瑐瑡 1958 1903 1901 1901 1920 1948 1956 15 3 1966 5 1956 1957 202 1958 瑐瑢 500 19 70

143 1909 1938 1955 瑐瑣 70 20 2 瑐瑤 1973 90

144 1949 1958 1966 1956 15 5 3 5 1973 7

145 1974 3 60 60% 25% 瑐瑥 1973 1949 1981 30 39% 4% 50 6. 5% 60 8. 5% 70 1980 1981 14. 1% 瑐瑦

146 1959 瑐瑧 1901 377 1933 660 1947 758 1. 1960 1. 5 瑐瑨 1965

147 2. 瑐瑩 3. 1963 11 26 4. 1943 1944 1945 5. 6. 1962 1958 7 12 1947

148 4 22 5 1956 1978 70 60% 15% 25% 瑑瑠

149 瑑瑡 1992 2 瑑瑢 20 1 1992 444 277. 23Charles A. Price The Great White Walls Are Built ANU. P. 1974 p. 4A. T. Yarwood Asian Migration to Australia Melb. U. P. 1967 p. 163. 59H. I. London Non - White Immigration and the White Australia Policy NYU. P. 1970. p. 12. 6Geoffrey Serle The Golden Age Melb. U. P. 1963 p. 327. 7Myra Willard Histoy of the White Australia Policy to 1920 Frank Cass & CO. LTD. 1967 p. 197. 8Kathryn Cronin Colonial Casualties Melb. U. P. p. 68. 10J. B. Hirst The Strange Birth of Colonial Democracy 1848-1884 Sydney 1988 p 288.

150 瑏瑡 8 50 瑏瑢 J. Jeffers The Chinese and the Seamens Strike lecture Delivered in the Pitt St. Congregational Church on 8 Dec. 1878 Mic. Film p. 11. 瑏瑣 Persia Crawford Campbell Chinese Coolie EmigrationFrank Cass & CO. 1970 P. 68-69. 瑏瑤 2 83 瑏瑥 8 69 LTD 瑏瑦 1989 131 瑏瑧 2 84 ~ 85 瑏瑨 105 161 瑏瑩 2 瑐瑠 C. Y. Choi Chinese Migration and Settlement in Australia Sydney U. P. 1975 p. 42 50 Kenneth Rivett ed Australia and the Non - White Migrant Melb. U. P. 1975 p. 187. p. 87. 瑐瑡 C. Y. Choi p. 50. 瑐瑢 1 421 瑐瑣 Times of India 17 March 1961. 瑐瑤 7 132 瑐瑥 1991 253 瑐瑦 瑐瑥 248 ~ 249 瑐瑧 Kenneth Rivett ed Immigration Contrl or Colour Bar Melb. U. P. 1962 瑐瑨 瑐瑧 38 瑐瑩 5 78 瑑瑠 瑐瑥 254 瑑瑡 1988 6 瑑瑢 1992 2 25 3 1995

1965 1970 44 1980 81 1992 164. 5 1 0. 7% 1965 2 1982 2 1990 1995 1 1979 1978

152 1980 1980 28. 6 1 /4 20 2 1965 1980 21. 4 1982 1985 10. 1 3 1986 2 1986 1992 14 45 1992 24. 4 4 1980 8 2 /3 5 5. 3 1982 1985 2. 1 1986 1992 5 1965 15 1978 1992 60 6 24 30 113 70%

153 1990 11% 28% 6 1979 18 81% 3 /4 7 1989 10 8 1990 22% 9% 9 1989 6 10

154 70 1983 18 4 1969 300 100 瑏瑡 1975 1978 50 1984 1997

155 1 /4 1982 7 1983 4 5203 16 2061 瑏瑢 1970 1971 21355 9210 9040 3105 1980 1981 19460 9660 1983 21960 瑏瑣 60 80 15 97% 瑏瑤 80 1992 1993 45130 瑏瑥 1992

156 10 S1216 1989 6 4 1990 4 11 7 瑏瑦 1970 1974 53. 3% 37. 6% 34. 3% 1975 1980 9. 9% 54. 2% 44. 9% 1. 9% 3. 7% 15. 6% 瑏瑧 40% 4% 瑏瑨 1975 1980 70. 9% 72. 9% 39. 7% 22. 1% 19. 6% 33. 6% 4. 8% 4. 3% 25. 4% 瑏瑩 1978 1982 8% 瑐瑠

157 80 80 瑐瑡 1985 12 11% 瑐瑢 80 56. 1% 37. 4% 34. 7% 18. 5% 26. 2% 39. 2% 瑐瑣 80

158 65% 20 59 瑐瑤 瑐瑥 80 1977 100 Wing Wing 2100 1992 6 1000 31% 瑐瑦 1400 瑐瑧 1979 11818

159 11790 10794 22. 8% 18. 6% 25. 3% 瑐瑨 1 ~ 2 40% 1 5% ~ 10% 瑐瑩 瑑瑠 11 2. 5 4 18% 瑑瑡 15 瑑瑢 1 1980 1950 3 瑑瑣 50% 94% 瑑瑤 72% 75% 瑑瑥 1975 80 500

160 瑑瑦 1989 25 瑑瑧 1992 8 瑑瑨 1990 2 瑑瑩 1993 2 1970 70 60 1979 127 1985 304 瑒瑠 1981 1977 1982

161 1982 80 1972 2000 瑒瑡 1990 2570 1991 2885 1992 9 4109 瑒瑢 1992 1991 3 1993 1992 1. 2 瑒瑣

162 1 1992 3 6 23 瑐瑤 Min Zhou China Town Temple U. P. 1992 p. 128 p. 54 p. 160. 4 1992 12 29 5 4 1992 11 5 6Roger Waldinger Yenfen Tseng Divergent Dinsporas The Chinese Communities of NY and LA Compared in Revue Europeenne des Migrantins Internationales Vol. 8 - No. 3 1992 p. 94. 7Genny ed The Chinese American Experience Papers From the Second National Conference on Chinese American Studies 1980 SF 1984 p. 282. 810 1989 5 1 9 7 94 瑏瑡 瑏瑢 Hsiang Shui Chen China Town No More Taiwan Immigrants in Contemporary NY Cornell U. P. 1992 pp. 64-65 p. 66. p. 170. 瑏瑣 Shih Shan Henry Tsai The Chinese Experience in America Indiana U. P. 1986 瑏瑤 1990 385 瑏瑥 1993 12 21

163 瑏瑦 1992 10 14 瑏瑧 瑏瑩 瑐瑣 Luciano Mangiafico Contemporary American Immigrants Praeger 1988 p. 133 p. 143 p. 138. 瑏瑨 瑐瑠 瑐瑦 John K. Whitmora ed Chinese from SE Asia Refugees in the US Greenwood Press 1985 p. 69. 瑐瑡 1993 91 1993 10 4 瑐瑢 1991 42 瑐瑥 瑑瑢 1993 4 13 瑐瑧 瑑瑧 1 1989 9 1 11 瑐瑨 瑏瑧 139 140 瑐瑩 Bernard P. Wong A Chinese American Community Ethnicity and Survival Strategies Chopmen Enterprises Singapore 1979 p. 41. 瑑瑠 1987 139 瑑瑡 瑑瑥 1984 3 19 瑑瑣 The Boston Globe 1990 8 12 瑑瑤 1991 5 2 瑑瑦 Journal of Refugee Resettlement 1 1 1980 11 P. 50. 瑑瑨 1992 8 21 瑑瑩 1991 1 4 瑒瑠 1992 431 瑒瑡 1994 5 19 瑒瑢 1993 1 25 瑒瑣 1994 5 22 1995 2

1990 70 1 2. 5% 1947 1967 80 1956 1965 22193 66% 14648 2 1627 1967 10 1973 1976 1973 14662 1974 12704 1975 11132 1976 10725 3 1977 1986 4000 7000

165 1987 1987 16170 1988 23281 1989 19908 1990 29291 1991 22340 1992 35797 4 1993 36026 5 150 6 6 1984 1997 1987 6 1986

166 1989 1987 1973 1972 11 30 1974 1978 1979 50 25 3 1984 41% 3555 52% 6% 7 1985 1989 2. 3 5300 23% 31 8 80 1982 14 1985 9

167 1. 66 1986 1986 11 1987 12. 5 1988 13. 5 20 1989 1991 1989 1990 1991 3252 5606 8188 844 2495 2300 8923 12779 3037 5319 6787 6339 1502 1577 2182 122 22 59 19962 29266 22105 1993 8 8 1990 53. 2% 13. 66% 9 1994 30% 2700 7800 10 90% 60% 20% 10% 8 5 46% 瑏瑡 3

168 80 1981 6451 2207 497 400 221 58 瑏瑢 1176 53% 1954 1984 70989 1 /4 瑏瑣 20. 6% 53% 80 1988 5 84 15 60 2 1993 8 1

169 1990 160 234 1 瑏瑤 1986 4. 73 Husky Oil Ltd. 43% 1988 6 0. 48 瑏瑥 Canterra Energy Ltd. 63% 1993 瑏瑦 2. 48 1988 4700 Le Meridien 瑏瑧 70 1993 5 29 1993 10 1982 42% 1987 1992 1993 72% 1993 4 3C 1994 5 瑏瑨 400 80 1. 7 1986 4. 26 1990 13

170 15% 1983 1990 4 3 9 瑏瑩 瑐瑠 3000 600 18% 3% 瑐瑡 1971 1980 83913 瑐瑢 瑐瑣 1988 1989 1. 5 1996 1 /3 瑐瑤 1990 12 60 5000

171 瑐瑥 8 3 9 瑐瑦 1976 1978 1987 25 1. 2 1987 1990 1. 1 瑐瑧 143 4. 8 1987 4 5 瑐瑨 1987 180

172 90 瑐瑩 70% 90 1991 1 9. 7% 132 瑑瑠 瑑瑡 1984 1985 4 瑑瑢 87 33 70 1 30 OK 瑑瑣

173 100 10 14 瑑瑤 98% 1947 18 1967 1988 1989 1945 1952 1959 1974 1982 1984 1980 1969 1994 1982 1987 1992 12 4 瑑瑥

174 1993 55% 47% 18% 瑑瑦 34% 1994 5 40% 瑑瑧 30 55 1. 1997 50 2. 1991 1993 12 1994 瑑瑨 10% 23% 2 /3 15% 2 3. 70

175 4. 1 1991 3 27 23 David Chuenyan Lai Chinatown University of British Columbia Press 1988 Vancouver p. 105. 4 瑐瑠 瑐瑤 Wei - Na Lee David K. Tse Becoming Canadian Understanding How Immigrants Change Their Consumption Pacific Affairs Vol. 67 No. 1 p. 72-75 p. 76 p. 75.

176 5 1994 4 26 6 Richard H. Thompson Torontos Chinatown AMS Press Inc. New York 1989 PP. 160-161 1 233 ~ 234 7 1992 158 8 瑏瑣 瑐瑥 Peter Li Ethnic Enterprise in Transition Chinese Business in Richmond BC 1980-1990 in Canadian Ethnic Studies Vol. 24 No. 1 1992 p. 134 pp. 120-121 p. 132. 9 Alan Smart Josephine Smart Monster Homes Hong Kong Migration to Canada Urban Conflicts and Contested Representations of Place p. 8. 10 1994 6 9 瑏瑡 1995 1 5 瑏瑢 2 107 瑏瑤 瑏瑥 瑏瑨 1995 511 512 513 瑏瑦 瑏瑧 Peter Li Chinese Investment and Business in Canada Ethnic Entrepreneuship Reconsidered Pacific Affairs Vol. 66 No. 2 1993 Summer P. 229. 瑏瑩 瑏瑦 226 瑐瑡 1994 4 9 瑐瑢 2 113 瑐瑣 1989 11 6 瑐瑦 1995 10 30 瑐瑧 瑏瑦 232 235 瑐瑨 2 110 瑐瑩 1991 5 14 瑑瑠 1991 2 17 瑑瑡 Peter Li The Chinese Minority in Canada 1858-1992 A Quest for Equality in Evelyn Huang & Lawrence Jeffery eds Chinese Canadians Voices from a Community Vancouver Douglas & Mc Intyte 1992 p. 273. 瑑瑢 2 112 ~ 113 瑑瑣 1994 12 80 瑑瑤 1992 7 24

177 瑑瑥 1992 12 22 瑑瑦 1993 12 14 瑑瑧 1994 5 7 瑑瑨 1994 4 12 1996 4

19 50 19 50

179 17 1812 82. 19 1851 121. 69 1 80% 20% 1720 2 19 20 1840 1890 3 1841 1859 11 5 3 1 4 1851 1864 10 1864 Melbourn 5

180 19 6 1850 Victoria New South Wales British Columbia 1901 29627 7 80% 8 1893 1913 8533 9567 88% 9 1854 10 40% 24% 20% 10% 3% 2% 1% 瑏瑡 1901 17312 瑏瑢 1884 1885

181 1158 949 615 491 798 302 195 111 437 5056 瑏瑣 1855 10 1 10 1881 1 10 50 1 30 1888 500 1 1901 1905 50 1885 50 1901 1904 100 500 1923 Saskatchewan

182 瑏瑤 1911 6 25 瑏瑥 500 瑏瑦

183 1899 Sydney 249 瑏瑧 瑏瑨 1900 11 1901 5

184 瑏瑩 10 1898 6 29 1902 1899 1902 1904 1903 1899 6 9 Vancouver 1904 12 7000 瑐瑠 瑐瑡 1903 1897 7 瑐瑢 1911 1 1904

185 1904 1907 600 瑐瑣 1906 1908 1908 1911 1911 1902 5 1916 11 1922 5289 瑐瑤 1862 1876 1904 瑐瑥

186 瑐瑦 1907 瑐瑧 1908 1909 1910 20 1911 瑐瑨 1912 10 3000 瑐瑩 5 1916 5000 瑑瑠 8000 50 1911 1911 5 1916 Montreal 1872 1937

187 1887 1892 1895 1895 10 1903 1 瑑瑡 1902 2 5 1903 12 9 1904 4 1908

188 瑑瑢 1906 1908 1901 瑑瑣 1909 1911 Toronto 1917 11 1911 2 10 瑑瑤

189 瑑瑥 1910 280 1911 1300 瑑瑦 4700 瑑瑧 瑑瑨 4758 瑑瑩 1912 6 1913 7 26000 11000 瑒瑠 1911 30000 10000 4000 4000 70000 瑒瑡 瑒瑢

190 11865 12945 24810 15000 瑒瑣 瑒瑤 1902 9 1904 4 9 1911 2

191 1912 1 1 瑒瑥 瑒瑦 瑒瑧 1 1 1912 3 10 4 1 1913 6 1913 11 1914 1 4 5 1 12 1915 5 9 12 1916 1 1915 12 23 瑒瑨

192 瑒瑩 1. 瑓瑠 1914 瑓瑡 Saskatoon 瑓瑢 2. 1914 1915 1914 7 1919 50

193 瑓瑣 1915 7 15 200 Sudbury 瑓瑤 3. 8941. 59 21189. 21 1505. 88 286. 96 瑓瑥 1914 1915 1914 11 23 3000 12 14 3000 1000 瑓瑦 4. 1913 1915 4 Edmouton Lethbridge Calgary 1916 1

194 瑓瑧 瑓瑨 500 200 瑓瑩 1916 4 8 瑔瑠 5 280 瑔瑡 200 5 14 6

195 30 瑔瑢 3 3 5 10 6 6 30 1929 40 11 1922 5 1916 9 30 瑔瑣 12 10 瑔瑤

196 1916 1917 9 5 1920 10 11 4 1916 5 6 3 New Castle 1000 1917 1922 16400 瑔瑥 1917 10 1918 6 12 37125 8500 瑔瑦 1922 2258 瑔瑧 20%

197 30 1 1987 278 2 109 3 5 2 21 13 1 4 22 68 ~ 69 5 7 1989 12 28 6Kathryn Cronin Colonial Casualties Melbourne University Press 1982 P. 18. 7Charles A. University Press. 1974 P. 277. 8 6 17 Price The Great White Walls are Built Canberra Australian National 9C. Y. Choi Chinese Miqration and Setllement in Australia Sydney University Press 1975 P. 79. 10 1987 7 25 瑏瑡 7 220 瑏瑢 David Chuenyan Lai Chinatowns Vancouver University of British Columbia Press 1988 P. 60. 瑏瑣 瑏瑢 p. 19. 瑏瑤 1857 Buckland 1873 Clunes 1861 Lambing Flat 1877 Palmer River 1888 4 80 1887 1907 1 /4

198 1. 50 ~ 1. 75 2 2. 50 1 Anthony B. 60 ~ 61. Chan Gold Mountain Varcouver New Star Books 1983 p. 瑏瑥 1 1981 523 瑏瑦 1988 154 瑏瑧 1900 2 21 瑏瑨 1958 13 瑏瑩 C. F. Yong The New Gold Mountain Richmond Rephael Arts 1977 P. 249 n. 28. 瑐瑠 1967 282 1911 2. 8 7000 35% 110 2 瑐瑡 1981 83 瑐瑢 301 ~ 302 1910 2 1979 瑐瑣 1935 136 瑐瑤 153 瑐瑥 239 ~ 298 瑐瑦 1981 43 瑐瑧 239 298 瑐瑨 1981 84 ~ 85 瑐瑩 306 瑑瑠 169 瑑瑡 14 1993 11 50 瑑瑢 131 ~ 132 瑑瑣 1981 206 瑑瑤 1 1981 510 瑑瑥 1989 185

199 瑑瑦 1912 1 27 瑑瑧 瑐瑣 145 ~ 78 瑑瑨 瑐瑣 145 ~ 78 瑑瑩 1912 8 3 瑒瑠 1913 12 瑒瑡 1964 71 瑒瑢 瑐瑨 284 瑒瑣 46 瑒瑤 11 46 瑒瑥 1893 ~ 1983 1921 1931 瑒瑦 1912 1 13 瑒瑧 1911 1 20 瑒瑨 6 1978 78 瑒瑩 47 1969 200 瑓瑠 1912 3 2 1913 5 3 7 26 瑓瑡 1981 518 瑓瑢 19 1965 4 28 瑓瑣 瑓瑢 26 瑓瑤 45 1969 306 瑓瑥 瑓瑤 74 瑓瑦 瑓瑤 53 ~ 55 瑓瑧 瑓瑤 504 瑓瑨 瑓瑤 505 瑓瑩 瑓瑢 29 瑔瑠 48 1969 52 瑔瑡 310 瑔瑢 瑓瑢 31

200 瑔瑣 3 1984 370 瑔瑤 瑔瑣 399 ~ 400 瑔瑥 瑑瑥 185 瑔瑦 49 303 ~ 320 瑔瑧 159 ~ 160 1997

1958 1894 3 10 3 2 4 7 16 1912 1000 1958

202 1 1915 2 3 1917 11 1918 4 1919 1919

203 1920 1 1920 2 4 1920 5 23 9 19 11 25 4 1921 2 1921

204 1922 Pekalongan 1925 10 11 1926 12 1 5 2 4 7 8 2 8 6 8 9

205 12 3 1928 4 1932 7 1901 30 1939 6 1939 3 3 4 2000 6

206 1942 3 1945 8 1948 7 11 1948 1959 6. 3 1939 370 1957 4600 8 1956 11 9

207 1945 8 10 瑏瑡

208 瑏瑢 50 3 3 6 瑏瑣 1953 瑏瑤

209 瑏瑥 72 瑏瑦 1942 1950 1 4 1950 120

210 1958 10 1960

211 1961 1964 100 1965 1971 6 1971 5 300 1975 50 150 1976 9 9

212 1984 1989 5 1990 2 3000 130

213 瑏瑧 1972 9 28 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 瑏瑨 1976 1983 90 瑏瑩

214 瑐瑠 1982 瑐瑡

215 1982 瑐瑡 1969 15 瑐瑢 85 1983 4 90 10 9 423

216 瑐瑣 1984 1988 4 95 1989 1991 6 20 9 1983 100 1982 4 3

217 1985 1 7 瑐瑤 1983 8 瑐瑥 1995 1983 8 瑐瑦 1990 4000 80 1985 1992 8 28 1992 4 12

218 2600 1992 8 30 1 1995 5 78 2 1 3 1981 7 4 1 136 ~ 137 5 3 6 1991 12 2 7 243 8 C 7 A 4 9 15 1981 2 5 10 瑏瑡 5 1992 4 7 瑏瑢 1994 32 瑏瑣 4 1992 2 20 瑏瑤 C15 瑏瑥 1990 6 瑏瑦 1992 4 11 瑏瑧 1978 1 14

219 瑏瑨 138 ~ 144 172 瑏瑩 138 ~ 144 172 瑐瑠 1993 8 31 瑐瑡 1983 12 瑐瑢 1983 8 23 瑐瑣 1983 9 瑐瑤 149 ~ 150 瑐瑥 1983 9 20 瑐瑦 1983 8 23 62 1997