* DOI:10.14111/j.cnki.zgfx.2015.06.001 50 55 60 5 10 50 60 1 1 * 2018 http / /politics. people. com. cn /n /2014 / 1226 /c70731-26278790. html 2015 3 21 5

2015 6 73. 3 80 5-6 18 60 42 60 50 60 1951 60 25 5 50 20 5 55 45 1978 1 60 55 50 10 2 55 45 10 3 50 45 10 4 6

2 1983 141 1987 2 70 65 2005 88 1 30 2 5 20 3 2010 65 60 2015 3 60 20 50 1 3 4. 41 5 10 2 50 55 60 5-10 3 61. 08 59. 48 2 3 1981 1982 1984 1988 172 66 38. 37% 21 26 8 11 2011 5 7

2015 6 4 2013 77 74 4 14 22 27 5 5 50 60 50 19. 4% 60 18. 8% 50 24. 1% 6 2005 10 55 7 33 2 48 1 2007 44 4 5 6 7 See WORLD HEALTH ORGANIAZATION WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2014 at 62 at http / /apps. who. int /iris / bitstream /10665 /112738 /1 /9789240692671_eng. pdf ua = 1 Last visited on March 25 2015. -0. 065 14. 475 13. 42 12. 94 See SOCIAL SECURITY PROGRAMS THROUGHOUT THE WORLD at http / /www. ssa. gov /policy /docs /progdesc /ssptw / 2012-2013 /americas /index. html Last visited on March 25 2015. 2014 159 http / /news. 1488. com /news /legality / 2006 /2-8 /13-28-10-1. shtml 2015 3 20 8

15 15 15 2008 8 9 瑏瑠 21 8 9 瑏瑠 2005 3 9

2015 6 7 瑏瑡 瑏瑢 瑏瑣 瑏瑤 44 瑏瑡 瑏瑢 瑏瑣 瑏瑤 2013 4 2006 12 2011 2 2013 7 10

44 44 1978 20 50 1978 瑏瑥 瑏瑦 20 30 瑏瑧 瑏瑨 瑏瑥 瑏瑦 瑏瑧 瑏瑨 1997 4 David Hackett Fischer Growing Old in America at 143 Oxford University Press Inc 1978. Laurence M. Friedman Your tie Will Come The Law of Age Discrimination and Mandatory Retirement at 75 Russell Sage Foundation 1984. Id. 76. 11

2015 6 1967 Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 瑏瑩 4 瑐瑠 40 65 1984 70 瑐瑡 1985 Western Air Lines Inc. Criswell 瑐瑢 Justice Stevens 瑐瑣 1986 70 瑐瑤 65 瑐瑥 federal law enforcement officer 57 55 瑐瑦 70 2000 11 27 2000 /78 /EC 2006 65 瑐瑧 1989 Altersteilzeitgesetz- 瑏瑩 瑐瑠 瑐瑡 瑐瑢 瑐瑣 瑐瑤 瑐瑥 瑐瑦 瑐瑧 See Title 29 of the United States Code 621 a Congressional statement of findings and purposes. Id. 623. See ARTHUR GUTMAN EEO LAW AND PERSONNEL PRACTICES 2nd Edition at 197 Sage Publications Inc. 2000. See 472 U. S. 400 411 n. 15 37 FEP Cases 1829 1834 n. 15 1985. See Criswell 472 U. S. 400 at 411 31 FEP Cases at 1834. 瑐瑣 See PRESS RELEASE FAA STATEMENT ON PILOT RETIREMENT AGE at http / /www. faa. gov /news /press_releases /news_story. cfm newsid = 10072 Last visited on March 25 2015. See SPECIAL RETIREMENT PROVISIONS FOR LAW ENFORCEMENTOFFICERS FIREFIGHTERS AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS AND MILITARY RESERVE TECHNICIANS at http / /www. opm. gov /retirement-services /publicationsforms /csrsfers-handbook /c046. pdf Last visited on March 25 2015. 2013 9 12

AtG 1996 瑐瑨 20 90 2007 2004 65 2006 4 1 65 瑐瑩 瑑瑠 42 3 瑑瑡 瑑瑢 16 21 瑐瑨 瑐瑩 瑑瑠 瑑瑡 瑑瑢 70% 90% 2012 130 2009 2 2014 3 3 15 13

2015 6 21 1976 Craig v. Boren 瑑瑣 瑑瑤 44 瑑瑣 瑑瑤 2008 65 2009 4 14

3 1966 6 1 瑑瑥 5-10 瑑瑥 2013 3 15

2015 6 50 瑑瑦 10 50 55 瑑瑧 50 20 70 60 6 9 瑑瑦 瑑瑧 2 60 2002 6 16

1. 5% 20% 瑑瑨 瑑瑩 2. 90 2012 2013 18. 3 2050 9. 9% 瑒瑠 瑑瑨 瑑瑩 瑒瑠 1998 4 2002 180 http / /magazine. caijing. com. cn /2012-06-11 /111886697. html 2015 3 30 17

2015 6 60 65 50% 3. 40% 50% 28% 20% 瑒瑡 瑒瑢 1. 瑒瑣 1951 49 2012 74 77 瑒瑤 2. 70 2000 2000 10 2005 2016 瑒瑥 瑒瑡 瑒瑢 瑒瑣 瑒瑤 瑒瑥 2015 3 1 3% 2% 2015 http / /news. xinhuanet. com / politics /2015lh /2015-03 /10 /c_1114590578. htm 2015 4 10 2004 4 2011 5 World Health Organization supra note 6 62. 2014 12 18

2014 60 2. 02 14. 9% 瑒瑦 2020 2. 48 17. 2% 2013 21. 58% 2050 46% 2 3. 20 70 瑒瑧 1935 full retirement age 65 瑒瑨 1983 瑒瑩 22 67 67 early retirement age 62 瑓瑠 瑒瑦 瑒瑧 瑒瑨 瑒瑩 瑓瑠 2014 2014 28 60 10% 65 7% 2005 60 2000 10. 0% 2025 15. 1% 2050 21. 7% 65 6. 9% 10. 5% 16. 1% 26. 8 32. 8 37. 8 2014 http / /www. chinabgao. com /stat /stats /39319. html 2015 4 16 See Social Security Act of 1935. John A. Svahn & Mary Ross. Social Security Amendments of 1983 Legislative History and Summary of Provisions Vol. 46 No. 7 Social Security Bulletin July 1983. See Title 42 of the United States Code 402. 19

2015 6 62 66 68 瑓瑡 Gallup 2014 62 1991 1991 57 2002 59 瑓瑢 瑓瑣 瑓瑤 1957 65 1972 1992 2007 2012 2029 67 2 24 12 12 2012 1 1 2024 66 12 6 2024 1 1 2029 67 2023 67 瑓瑥 2030 65 2200 25% 1991 4 1 2030 2 1 50 8 18 1960 10 18. 2 瑓瑦 65 60 2006 10 瑓瑡 瑓瑢 瑓瑣 瑓瑤 瑓瑥 瑓瑦 Dawn Nuschler Social Security Primer R42035 Congressional Research Service January 13 2014. See REBECCA RIFFKIN AVERAGE U. S. RETIREMENT AGE RISES TO 62YOUNGER AMERICANS ARE MORE LIKELY TO EXPECT TO RETIRE BEFORE AGE 55 at http / /www. gallup. com /poll /168707 /average-retirement-agerises. aspx Last visited on March 25 2015. 401K 2009 14 2012 44% See Monique Morrissey The State of U. S. Retirement Security Can the Middle Class Afford to Retire The Testimony before the U. S. Senate Committee on Banking Housing and Urban Affairs Subcommittee on Economic Policy March 12 2014. 2012 13 瑓瑧 20

65 2011 1 65 瑓瑧 1995 2010 5 6 2020 4 6 65 瑓瑨 90 1993 37. 5 40 1995 1993 2003 GDP 3. 1% 37. 5 40 2007 2010 60 62 2020 41. 5 65 67 2013 2020 2035 43 瑓瑩 1944 55 1954 60 1970 1971 45 55 60 1976 55 60% 1986 60 1998 60 1990 65 2000 65 2004 2006 4 62 2007 4 63 2010 4 64 2013 4 65 瑔瑠 2003 60 55 7 瑓瑧 瑓瑨 瑓瑩 瑔瑠 2012 43 2009 95 2014 4 2014 1 21

2015 6 瑔瑡 65 60 60 55 1991 7 25 180 15 瑔瑢 20 63 65 16-18 60 40 瑔瑡 瑔瑢 http / /www. china. com. cn /international /txt /2012-07 /30 /content_26066353. htm 2015 3 20 See Social Society Country Profiles-Brazil at https / /www. issa. int /zh /country-details countryid = BR&regionId = AME&filtered = false Last visited on March 20 2015. 22

60 3 5 3 5 3 5 50 55 10 15 35 23

2015 6 Abstract The confirmation of retirement age has relationship with the realization of laborers labor right and the right of social security. At present the stipulation of our country s retirement age exists the issues such as the large gap between male and female retirement age the status difference in retirement age retirement age that is below the world average level long time annuity delivery and so on which lead to the confusion of legal application. The retirement should be a right but not an obligation of labors and there should be no repulsion relation between retirement and labor right the labor right of labors should not be limited or deprived because of retirement and different retirement age of the male and female will lead to the depletion of the female s social security right and their limitation of development right. The confirmation of retirement age should takes political element economic element and social element into account. Chinese legislation in the future should apply the progressive method to delay the retirement age distinguish the retirement age institution of different crowds gradually lessen the difference of the male and the female s retirement age implement retirement system to supplement the legal retirement age and implement more open retirement system and transit the compulsory retirement into flexible retirement. 24