2011 7 ( ) JournalofEastChinaNormalUniversity(NaturalScience) No4 Jul2011 :1000-5641(2011)04-0083-11 ( 200062) : ENVI IDLGIS ARW-WRF : 24 ; ; :WRF ; ; ; ; :P4 :A DOI:103969/jissn1000-5641201104010 NumericalsimulationsofeffectsonurbanPBLcharacters withlandusecategeoriesmodification ZHANG Chi SHUJiong (Key Laboratoryof GeographicInformation Science Ministryof EducationEastChina Normal UniversityShanghai 200062China) Abstract: ENVIIDLGISandaerialphotographswereusedtomodifylandusedatainARW- WRFwithinShanghaiareaFirstlygridsweregainedwithGISintothesameresolution with theinputdatain WRFwhichistoooldforpresentlandusesituationinShanghaiSecondlyir- rigatedcroplandandpasturegrasslandshrublandloamysandandsiltwerepartlychangedinto urbanandbuilt-uplandgridbygridsoastobemoreclosertorealsituationandthedistribu- tionofbuildingswasgainedhelpingtoreachmoreaccurateroughnessvalueinucmaccording tothe24landusecategoriesdefinedin WRF modellastlybothmodifiedandoriginaldatawere :2010-12 : (40671176); (08JC1408500072512021); : E-mail:missfragrancy@hotmailcom
84 ( ) 2011 inputinto WRFincasesimulationsThewindfieldtemperatureandothercharactersofPBLin springofshanghaiweregainedinthesimulationresultsitshowsthatbecauseoflandusetypes modificationhorizontal wind velocity decreases obviouslydisplaying the urban dragging efectsmeanwhiletheverticalwindvelocityincreasesbeinggreatlyafectedbysurfacewar- mingefectsthehighertemperaturecentersappearinthedownwinddirectionbytheefectsof surfacewindfieldssurfacetemperatureandpblheightarebothclosertoobservationvalues Theresultsleadustodiscusstheimportanceoflandusecategoriesinputin modelsandsome otherpossiblereasonscausingthediferencewerementioned Keywords: WRF model; landusecategory; urbanbuildingsdistribution; PBL; numeri- calsimulation 0 [1] WRF USGS [2] 20 90 20 70 ChenandDudhia [3] Nielsen-Gvammon [4] Lam [5] ; [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] ; WRF 022 245% [12] ; ENVI IDL 1 WRF WRF(the WeatherResearch & Forecasting Model) NCAR NCEP f90 WRF WRF-Var WRF-Chem ARW NMM ARW Arakawa-C ; ; Runge-Kuta
: 85 ARW-WRF 2 21 3113 N 12123 E; 3045~3125 N 12111~121 52 E 74 74 136 112 169 196 1km3km 9km; k=31 ; P=100hPa; 54s; NCEP1 1 6h ( )4 5 2008 5 4 18:00~6 00:00 500hPa 500hPa 45 2008 5 4 18:00UST 30h 1h 22 5km [13] Noah Urban Canopy Model UCM 1 Tab1 Physicalschemesandparameterizations / WSM3 NoCumulus RRTM Dudhia Noahlandsurfacemodel Monin-Obukhov(Janjic) Melor-Yamada-JanjicTKE 23 UCM UCM [14] 1 UCM T R T W T G T S z T +d H R H W H G : R ni = H i +le i +G i (i= RW G) (1)
86 ( ) 2011 (1) R ni H i le i G i i ; β ; ; β= Wi (2) W maxi (4) D=W maxi-w i W i t = Pi -Ei -Ri (3) R i = (P 3 i +D 3 i) 1/3 -D i (4) 1 UCM Fig1 ConceptualmodelofUCM 1978 135 30 2008 16109 847 [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] 255m UCM 3 NCEP 30S 30SUSGS 1993 (USGS) 30 24 (Urbanandbuilt-upland) (Irrigatedcrop-
: 87 landandpasture) (Grassland) (Shrubland) (Loamy sand) (Silt) 2 2 WRF Tab2 Physicalparametersofseveralmainlandusetypesin WRF /cm /% /% Urbanandbuilt-upland 80 15 88 Irrigatedcroplandandpasture 10 18 985 Grassland 12 19 96 Shrubland 5 22 93 Waterbodies 001 8 98 ENVI 2a : 2006 Landsat ETM+ googleearth ARCGIS fishnet 30~40 N120~130 E WRF ENVI IDL GIS 1km 1km UCM 28% 3 3 Tab3 Clarificationofthreeurbancategories 30%~80% 20%~70% 80%~100% < 20% / ( ) 4 WRF 41 2008 5 5 13 5 6 01 ( 7h12h 24h) (1) 3113 N 12123 E 2008 5 5 13 ( ) 286m/s5 6 1 822m/s; 3113 N 12123 E 2008 5 5 13 ( ) 237m/s5 6 1 710m/s [21] [22]
88 ( ) 2011 :2a 2b ARCGIS 2c 2b 2d 2 WRF Fig2 LandusecategoriesinShanghaiareainoriginalandmodifieddataandthebuildingsdistribution (2) 42 [23] (3) (Zanela) [24] 10 3 [22] (UCM) [22] 42 3a3b 4a4b 12h 24h (3113 N 12123 E) 12123 E 3 4
: 89 3 2008-05-05T13:002008-05-06T01:00 Fig3 Verticalwindspeedsectionalonglongitudewithoriginaldataat2008-05-05T13:002008-05-06T01:00(BST) 4 2008-05-05T13:002008-05-06T01:00 Fig4 Verticalwindspeedsectionalonglongitudewithmodifieddataat2008-05-05T13:002008-05-06T01:00(BST) 3a(2008 5 5 13 ) 309 N 1000m 370 007m/s 308 N 311 N 150m 1000m 002~003m/s 3b(2008 5 6 01 ) 312 N 001m/s 3105 N 313 N 0015m/s 0025m/s 4 3 4a(2008 5 5 13 ) 309 N 500m 012 m/s 3a 007 m/s 1200 m ; 4b(2008 5 6 01 ) 312 N 002m/s 3105 N 313 N 002m/s 004m/s 3b
90 ( ) 2011 [25] 3 4 ( 43) 41 ( 13 ) 4 3 43 5 (3119 N 12134 E) 5 8 14 12 13 14 15 16 17 19 1 093 1~2 5 (BST) Fig5 Simulationandobservationvalueofsurfacetemperaturewithbothmodifiedandoriginaldata(BST) 44 6 2008 5 5 8 20 Vaisala 8 14 0985 8 11 16
: ;16 6 (BST) Fig6 SimulationandobservationvalueofPBLH withbothmodifiedandoriginaldata(bst) 5 WRF USGS (1)WRF (1km) WRF USGS (2) (3) (4) (5) 91
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