33 202 67 ~ 79 The Chinese Journal for the History of Science and Technology Vol. 33 No. 202 896 ~ 949 404 00083 896 ~ 907-908 ~ 98-99 ~ 949 - - N092 TF-092 A 673-44 202 0-0067-3 R. F. Tylecote R. I. McCallum 2 895 896 3 908 W. Herrenschmidt - 94-99 200-08-3 20-2- 977 972 893 895
68 33 896 ~ 907 908 ~ 98-99 ~ 949-897 98 4 5 6 ~ 8 897 ~ 98 99 ~ 949 896 ~ 907 896 70% 907. 4 52 0% ~ 20% 50% ~ 60%. 2 2 3 0 4 4 3. 6. 3
896 ~ 949 69 4 50 5 20 30 0. 3 Sb 40% ~ 60% 546 ~ 556 Sb 2 S 3 2 896 899 908
70 33 2 908 ~ 98-907 2 2. 5 6 6 3 7 Sb 2 O 3 Sb 2 O 4 Sb 2 O 3 Sb 2 O 3 Sb 2 O 4 3 2. 2 2 3-907 908 4
896 ~ 949 7 2 3 2 25 Sb 2 O 4 907 7 7 2 23 a a b c i 2 22 ~ 24 Sb 2 O 3 Sb 2 O 3 Sb 2 O 3 Sb 2 O 3 2. 3 8 2 24 C Na 2 CO 3 Sb 2 O 3 3 99 ~ 949 -
72 33 8 2 24 - - - 3. 6 3. 66 2. 44 2. 5 V 25 40 2 0. 60 0. 90 C3 C3 Bl B2 B3 C C2 C3 0. 60-0. 90 6 00 9 0 7 987 98. 5 4 6 5% 20% 20% 5% 000 B B2
896 ~ 949 73 60% B2 B3 65% B3 80% 70% 8%. 2 0. 07 4 53
74 33 2. 3 60 3. 2 987 98 00 70% 30% 0 2 3 600 70 80 2 8 0. 67 4 54 0. 0. 2% 3. 5% 3. 5% 400 40% 50% 50 20 0. 8 24 0. 3. 5 300 50% 4 54 2 4 55
896 ~ 949 75 2 7 3. 3 600 200 2 73 3 200 8 35 0. 5 0 20 60% ~ 90% 2 74 000 Na 2 O 4% ~ 8% 30% ~ 35% SiO 2 Na 2 O 900 ~ 000
76 33 3 7 4 6 7 8 908 908 ~ 92
896 ~ 949 77 8 4 2 908 4-3 4 7 2 3 4 50% 20% ~ 30% 3
78 33 2 30 Tylecote R F. Scottish Antimony M. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 983. 4. 2 McCallum R Ian. Antimony in Medical History An Account of the Medical Uses of Antimony and Its Compounds since Early 2 9 20 22. 45% 7. 53% 29. 98% 7% ~ 8% 4 99. 8% ~ 99. 64% 99. 76% 0. 00% ~ 0. 290% 0. 07% ~ 0. 090% 25 2. 5 930 2 34 62. 76 33 60
896 ~ 949 79 Times to the Present M. Bishop Auckland and Edinburgh Pentland Press 999. 3. M.. 962. 725 ~ 726. 4. 897 98 R. 983. 5. M. 987. 6. 897 98 J. 998 4 7 ~ 75. 7. 99 949 J. 2000 4 ~ 44. 8. J. 2000 38 ~ 42. 9. R. 934. 0. J. 937 2 67 ~ 76.. R. 928. 23 ~ 24. 2. R. 929. 3. J. 20 6 ~ 24. 4. J. 933 2 5 ~ 2. 5. M.. 97. 3. 6. J. 948 3 3 ~ 8. 7. R. 936. 8. A. Z. 2005. 9. J. 938 3 ~ 9. 20 Chang Yu Wang. The Practice of Antimony Smelting in China J. Engineers Transactions of the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical 99 LX. 2. M. 934.. Changes in Antimony Smelting Technology in Modern China from 896 ~ 949 FU Jianqiu 2 QIAN Wei. School of Economics Hunan Institute of Engineering Xiangtan 404 China 2. Research Center for S&T and Civilization Beijing University of Science & Technology Beijing 00083 China Abstract There are three phases in the changes in antimony smelting in modern China from crude antimony smelting 896 ~ 907 to the Western method of antimony-oxide to metallic antimony 908 ~ 98 to the indigenization of the process of antimony-oxide to metallic antimony 99 ~ 949. The smelting technology for crude antimony involves crucible liquation. The modern method of antimony-oxide to metallic antimony involves first the production of antimony-oxide and then metallic antimony. The indigenized method is in essence the imitation and localization of the modern method. These changes indicate that the direct factor in promoting its development is the interaction between the applicability of the technology and the capability of the users of the technology. However the indigenization of technology at the cost of technological degeneration will always damage the technology and development of an industry. Antimony metallurgy modern history of technology antimony furnace indigenization Key words