44 2 Vol.44.2 ( ) JournalofAnhuiNormalUniversity(Hum.&Soc.Sci.) 2016 3 Mar.2016 DOI:10.14182/j.cnki.j.anu.2016.02.005 X * 顾 辉 ( 230051) : 社会流动 ; 阶层固化 ; 二代 现象 : 随着我国社会阶层结构调整进入了新阶段 各阶层之间流动 尤其是向上流动的机会是否公平合理 成为带有普遍性的敏感话题当前舆论热议的 富二代 官二代 穷二代 拼爹 等现象反映了这个问题 但是大规模的社会调查显示 改革开放以来中国社会阶层结构日益开放 社会阶层呈现高流动特征优势阶 层的代际继承率低 农业劳动者阶层和失业 半失业人员阶层子女中的青年人向上流动机会较多 知识分子 阶层则保持着较为稳定的阶层继承率科学判断当前 X 二代 的代际继承程度 对于媒体和学界正确引导舆 论理性认识 二代 现象具有重要意义 :C913.6 :A :1001-2435(2016)02-0173-08 2010 30 [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] ; * :2015-07-29; :2015-01-10 : (14ZDA059); (SK2014A169); : (1979-) :
174 ( ) 2016 44 1 1990 2000 2010 (PPS) 1990 23740 52.5% 47.5%; 50.8% 49.2% 2000 19449 54.4% 45.6% 53.6% 46.4% 2010 : 26 160 51.6% 48.4% 53.5% 46.5% ; ; ; ; 1 1990 31.5 9.6 21.9 68.5 17.9 13.6 2000 31.8 12.7 19.1 68.2 17.7 14.0 2010 55.6 30.1 25.5 44.4 30.7 25.0 1990 2000 2010 2000 ( 1) 1990 31.5% 2000 1990 0.3 2010 55.6% 2000 23.6 2000 1990 1 ( :10@ZH020)
2 : X 175 20 1998 1990 1990 2001 WTO 2010 69.5% 2000 2000 60%2010 45.9% ( 100%) 2 (35) ( 1) 1990 2000 17.9% 17.7%; 2000 1990 2.8 2010 2000 6.4 13.6% 14% 1990 30.5 8.1 22.4 69.5 15.9 14.6 2000 34.1 14.4 19.7 65.9 18.8 15.3 20 90 2010 59.4 31.6 27.8 40.6 34.1 25.4 ( 2) 35 1990 56.8%2000 55.7% 2000 2010 1990 30.5% 2010 13 59.4% 1 2000 11 2000 2010 ; 2010 2010 34.1% 55.2% 1990 2000 57.4% 1990 9.6% 2000 2010 12.7% 2010 30.1% 10 46.8% 1 ( 1) 20
176 ( ) 2016 44 X 4) 1990 8.7%2000 13.7%2010 8.8% X 2010 6 ( 一 ) 国家管理者的代际继承与 官二代 2010 0 1/3 2010 1/4 1/5 1/3; 3/5 1/4 1/ 1/2 2 1/4 3 1990 6.5 * 18.9 14.8 7.3 32.5 11.9 2.2 2000 8.2 1.8 25.3 18.8 5.9 20.0 11.8 8.2 2010 4.2 2.1 18.4 22.1 6.5 22.8 10.9 13.0 ( * : 1990 ( 6) 6 4 1990 8.7 9.7 6.5 5.1 23.6 41.2 4.3 2000 13.7 2.9 13.7 6.9 1.8 8.8 51.0 2.0 2010 8.8 3.4 14.7 6.4 1.5 13.7 50.0 1.5 ( 二 ) 企业负责人的代际继承与 富二代 3 5 2000 1990 6.5%2000 2%2010 8.3%; 2000 8.2%2010 4.2% 2.3%2010 8.9% 35 2010 5 2000 2.0 2.0 17.0 6.1 7.5 36.7 8.8 19.7 2010 1.9 8.3 17.1 14.7 14.1 30.1 1.6 12.3 2010 11.1%
2 : X 177 6 6 (35) 2000 4.0 8.0 20.0 8.0 0 20.0 36.0 4.0 1/5~1/4 2010 2.2 11.1 5.6 5.6 15.6 21.1 38.9 0 ( 三 ) 专业技术人员的代际继承与 知二代 ( 四 ) 农业劳动者的代际继承和 农二代 ( 9) ( 1990 2000 8 7) 23% 1990 2010 2010 35 2010 ( 10) 1990 1/4 10.7%2000 9.8% 2010 1/3~1/2 3.1% 4% 22.9% 32.3% 12.5% 20.8% 7 1990 3.6 23.3 8.6 5.4 19.6 30.5 4.2 9 2000 1.7 1.8 23.4 8.3 5.6 20.7 25.1 13.3 2010 1.6 1.1 22.0 16.0 9.5 24.8 12.8 12.1 8 1990 0.7 2.9 1.7 1.4 8.0 80.6 3.4 2000 0.4 0.2 2.4 1.6 2.0 9.7 79.4 4.3 2010 0.6 0.6 4.2 4.4 5.8 19.3 52.0 13.1 1990 7.1 18.0 6.7 3.6 13.5 46.1 2.0 2000 5.0 2.9 22.7 6.8 3.4 16.6 39.7 3.0 2010 4.3 3.5 21.9 9.1 5.2 18.4 36.6 1.0 1/5 ( 8) 10 (35 ) 1990 2.6 17.0 17.8 7.8 37.0 10.7 2.6 2000 4.9 1.2 25.6 28.0 4.9 17.1 9.8 8.5 2010 0.0 2.1 22.9 32.3 12.5 20.8 3.1 6.2
178 ( ) 2016 44 11 1990 0.3 1.7 1.0 0.9 2.4 80.6 1.7 6 2000 0.2 0.1 1.8 0.6 0.3 2.0 79.4 1.4 2010 0.5 0.1 2.6 1.0 0.5 2.3 92.1 0.9 10% ( 11) 9 12 1990 3.1 5.2 3.4 2.1 14.0 60.3 10.6 8 2000 0.4 1.3 5.8 4.9 6.4 24.8 38.1 18.4 4-5 2010 0.8 1.1 7.6 7.6 7.8 24.3 37.3 13.6 : 13 ; 1990 1.0 4.0 1.9 4.2 15.9 67.8 5.2 2000 1.1 2.3 8.7 5.0 4.3 24.8 47.4 6.4 ( 五 ) 无业 失业 半失业人员的代际继承 2010 1.7 1.4 6.7 4.5 3.8 17.0 63.8 1.1 和 穷二代 2010 9 ( 13) 2010 1.1% 1990 10.6%2000 18.4%2010 13.6% 1 ( 12)
2 : X 179 10 7000 ; ; ; ;
180 ( ) 2016 44 : [1]. [N]. 2010-09-16. [2]. [N]. 2010-05-17. [3]. [N]. ; 2010-11-03. ; [4]. [J]. ; 2011(6). [5]. [J]. 2011(11). ; IntergenerationalInheritanceofCurrent XSecondGeneration from ViewofSocialMobility GU Hui (Instituteof SociologyAnhuiProvincial Academyof SocialSciencesHefei230051China) Keywords:socialmobility;stratumsolidification; second-generation phenomenon Abstract:Withtheadjustmentofthesocialstratum structureenteringa new stagewhethertheopportunitiesof mobilityespecialyupwardmobilityisfairandreasonablehasbecomeauniversalsensitivetopic.thecurrenthottopic of richsecondgeneration oficialsecondgeneration poorsecondgeneration and daddy-is-the-key andotherphe- nomenareflecttheproblem.butlargescalesocialsurveysshowthatchina'ssocialstratumstructurehasbecomemore andmoreopensincethereformandopeningupandthesocialstratumpresentshighflowcharacteristics.theinheritance rateofthesuperiorstratumislowtheyoungpeopleintheagriculturallaborerstratumandtheunemployedorsemi-un- employedpeoplestratum hasmoreand moreopportunitiesto moveupwardtheintelectualstratum maintainsastable levelofinheritance.scientificjudgmentofthecurrentinheritancedegreeof Xsecondgeneration hasagreatsignificance forthemediaandtheacademiccommunitytoguidethecorrectunderstandingofthe secondgeneration phenomenon. :