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11 (1 ) (4 ) (8 ) (12) (16) 11 (19) 11 (22) 12 (24) (28) (32) (35) (38) (42) 12 (45) 12 (47) 13 (50) (53) (57) (60) (64) 13 (67) 13 (69) 14 (71) (74) (78) (82) 1

(85) (88) 14 (92) 14 (95) (98) 15 (101) (104) (107) (110) (112) 15 (116) 15 (118) 16 (122) (124) (128) (131) (133) 16 (136) 16 (139) 17 (141) (144) (147) (150) (153) 17 (156) 17 (159) (162) (1~28) 2

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2 A B C D 8 A B ( 45 50) C D ( 113) 9 1 05nm A400nm B200nm C04nm D02nm 2 10 10-10 m -10 3 A B 4 C D 11 A 5 B C 6 D 11 1 2 1219 A B C D 13 11 1 2 A ( 318) B 7 C D (8) 14 A12nm=12 10 9 m B12nm=12 10-8 m C12nm=12 10 9 m D12nm=12 10-9 m 8 11 1 1 A B 11 1 1 (1) (2) C D 9 A B (3) C D 10

15 A B C D ( 45 50) 11 ( 424) 1 (1) ; (2) A B 2 C D 12 A B C D (13 7 14~15 6 11 1 3 19) 13 (1) (2) ( ) ; 11 1 3 A B C D 3(2005 ) 14 A B C D 4(2005 ) A B C D 5 10 m 20km 2688m 7 10-5 m 10-4 m 6772m 38 10-5 m 3

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( 45 50) D 11 A B C ( D 117) 1 12 (1) 50g 20g 3g (2) A90g B93g C87g D73g ( (3) 612) 13 = + 2 (1) ;(2) 3 50g 20g10g 11 2 1 ( ) 6 11 2 1 14 4 250g 1500g a g 5 b ( 321) c 6 A (1) (2) B C D1kg 1kg 750kg A B C D 8 A B C D 9 A B ( 45 50) ( 318) 1 C D 2 10 A B A B C C D 0

3 8 11 2 2 (1) ; (2) ;(3) ( ) 9 11 2 2 4 A B C D 5 11 2 3 1 2 (a) (b) (c) 10 11 2 3 7 ; 6(2004 )11 2 4 0 ( (1) ) ; (2) 11 2 4 (3) ( ) kg (8) 11 2 4 11 ( 624) 1( ) 1 7 1

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(8) D 13 ρ=129kg/m 3 9 ( ) ( ρ <ρ < ρ ) A B C D 10 A B C D 11 A B ( 45 50) C D ( 12 119) 1 A g/cm B 3 = kg/m 3 1 m 3 C t 1dm 3 D kg (13~14 1cm 3 g 115416 816) 2 13 11 3 2 3 8 2 4 kgm 3 9 5 5m/s 2cm 2 2min m 3 kg 6 10g g ( 08 10 3 kg/m 3 11 3 2 10 10 3 kg/m 3 05 10 3 kg/m 3 ) (1) ; 7 (2) 11 3 1 g 14 () cm 3 kg/m 3 ( ) ; 15 11 3 1 ( 315) 8 ( ) A B C

16 ; (2) ( ) 2 10 3 kg/m 3 3cm 11 3 3 ( 45 50) ( 816) 3 m/g V/cm 3 10 ( 612) 1 1 10 10 1 2 1 79 10 ( ) 3 2 20 20 4 2 158 20 5 267 30 2 (1) 1 2 3 4 (2) 1 3 2 4 (3) 1 4 5 (4) 4 ( ) V/cm 3 m/g V/cm 3 m/g 1 10 9 10 5 2 20 18 20 10 3 30 27 30 15 4 40 36 40 20 (1) 11 3 3

(5 6 6 6 7 10 7 11 3 5 22) 5 55 / (1) 51/ 088 10 3 kg/m 3 08 10 3 kg/m 3 0015m 3 (4) ( ) / / 6 6L 10 5L 9L (1)1t ; (2) ( 100 30 ) t; (3) 11 3 4 t (2) (3) 2cm 3 18g 11 3 5 11 11 3 4

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11 4 2 (g) 52 25 (cm 3 ) (kg/m 3 ) ( 424) 6 ( 45 50) 08g/cm 3 100g A50mL 15mL ( 117) B100mL 2mL 1 C250mL 5mL ( ) D400mL 10mL (1) 7 V; A (2) ρ B m= C 2 D ( ) 8 3 (1) A 11 4 3() B ( ) 13 C 11 4 3() D 9 (2) 11 4 3() A mm cm 3 B (3) C kg/m 3 D 10 A B C D 11 A B C D (12) 12 11 4 3 4 (1) (2) m2 (3) m3 (4) m4 (5) m5 m1

(6) m6 (2) m1 ( 515) (3) m2 511 4 4 ρ = A B 2(2005 ) 20025 ( 11 4 5 ) C D 11 4 5 14 11 4 4 6 20 96 (1) (1) m (2) (2) m1 5 (3) m2 (4) (kg/m 3 ) V (5) 27 10 3 79 10 3 A(1) B(2)(4) 88 10 3 C(3) D 89 10 3 7 3(2004 ) A B C D 1 ; (8891018) 2 8 m1; 5 /cm 3 /g 3 m2; 4 m (1) ; (2) ρ = 4(2005 ) ( ) 9 ( ) (1) (2) 11 4 6 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; ( 45 50) 5 ; 11 4 6 ( 416) 1 ( 618) ( ρ ) (1) 5 m0

7 11 4 7 1 ( )2 3 4 5 6 7 ; 8 ( ) 11 4 7 ( 816) 8 6(2004 ) 15 V/cm 3 m/g V/cm 3 m/g 1 10 9 10 5 2 20 18 20 10 3 30 27 30 15 4 40 36 40 20 (1) ( 9 11 4 8) (2) ( ) (3) 11 4 8

16 欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁 m/g V/cm 3 ρ 1 /( g/cm 3 ) 675 25 4 125 08 258 000129 16 113 2 4716 09 ( 26) 5 11 5 1 ρ > ρ > ρ 1 ; 2 ρ= m 11 5 1 V A B C D 6 ρ > ρ > ρ 1A 5 ABC D 7 129kg/m 3 2B 9 A2kg B20kg C200kg D2000kg ( 832) 8 50g 105kg ( ρ =08 10 3 kg/m 3 ) ( 30 50) ( 312) 1 5kg 4kg 21054g/cm 3 10 4500mL g 104kg 3 240dm 115mm 50cm ( ρ =79 10 3 kg/m 3 ρ =27 10 3 kg/m 3 ) 220kg kg/m 3 9 1 2 3 kg kg/m 3 4

11 7 11 5 3 2500 40cm ( ρ =25 ( ρ >ρ ) 10 3 kg/m 3 ) 8(2003 ) 55/ 51/ 088 10 3 kg/m 3 08 10 3 kg/m 3 0015 m 3 ( ) / ( 45 50) / ( ( 824) 210) 1 9 100g 6cm 3 ( A B ) ( ρ =193 10 3 kg/m 3 ) C D 2 10 ( ) A B C D 3 025kg 02kg A02 10 3 kg/m 3 B08kg/m 3 C08g/cm 3 D045 10 3 kg/m 3 11 11 10 3 kg/m 3 4 4 3 5 2 05dm 3 06kg 17 A10 3 B15 8 C5 6 D3 10 5 35kg A35g B35g C35 10-1 g D35 10-2 g ( 216) 6(2003 ) 6L 10 5L 9L (1)1t ; ( 45 50) (2) ( 100 30 ) ( 210) t; 1(2005 ) (3) 11 5 2 5L 092 10 3 kg/m 3 t kg 2(2005 ) 08 10 3 dm 3 kg 11 5 2 11 5 3 m 3 ( ρ =08 10 3 kg/m 3 ρ =09 10 3 kg/m 3 ) 3(2005 ) 1g 168 m 65 900

4(2005 ) 10(2005 ) 11 5 4 L ( S) ρ ρ = m ( ) V V= 11 5 4 5(2005 ) 11 5 5 06g/cm 3 g 11(2005 ) 4 92% 91% (kg/m 3 )13 10 3 25 10 3 80 10 3 45 10 3 18 11 5 5 ( 412) (1) 4 10-6 m 3 ; 6(2005 ) (2) 2 10-2 kg 2 5 2 A08 B125 C02 D5 7(2005 ) 10dm 3 25kg/m 3 5g A1kg/m 3 B2kg/m 3 C22kg/m 3 D25kg/m 3 8(2005 ) A4m 3 B4 10-1 m 3 C4 10-2 m 3 D4 10-3 m 3 (9610 11 822) 9(2005 ) 20g 120g 105g ( 08 10 3 kg/m 3 )

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20 A B 19 2L 3L C D 5L 131m 3 A B C D 14 A B C 20 1 D 15 A B 1 C D 16 A2g B20g C200g D2000g 17 A B C D ( 832) 216 1 18 ( ) (cm 3 ) (g) / (g/cm 3 ) 1 5 9 180 2( ) 2 10 18 180 3 15 27 180 4 5 4 080 5 10 8 080 6 15 12 080 (1) 12(23 13)4 5(56 46) ; (2) ; (3)

( 1428) 23 22 25mm 2 200m 100m 100m ( ) 200 m 21

( 100 100) 22 ( 119) 1 2 ; 14 5dm 3 2kg ; 79 10 3 kg/m 3 A 04 10 3 kg/m 3 3 B C 4 D 60 10 24 kg t 15 80 10-5 kg g A 5 B 6 C D 16 1 ; ( ) 2 ; 7 129kg/m 3 3 ; 8m 7m 35m kg 4 8 ( A1234 B3124 ) C4312 D1324 ( 327) 17 9 ()15cm 3 290g;()54cm 3 48g A B C D 10 (g/cm 3 ) 27 105 89 193 A A B B C D C ( 1030) D 18 11 250mL A250g B250g C250g D250g 12 A50cm 3 B500cm 3 C5000cm 3 D50000cm 3 (1) (2) A B C D 13

19 ( ) (1); (2) ; (3) ρ= 10L 108kg 25 10 3 kg/m 3 20 ( 1cm) ( ρ ) 1 2 5 m1 3 m2 4 5 5 m3 6 (1) (2) 5 1 22 ( ) ( 1224) 21 23

24 A B 欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁 3 1 2 4 ; ( 428) ; 5 A B 9 B C D C 8 6 B 10 11 A B 1 C D 2 7 A B C D 1 8 A 12C 6 9 2 B 8 A B 15 C D 9 ( 30 50) C D ( 110) 10 1 A B 2 C D 11

A 512 1 2 (a)(b) B C D (12) 12 1935 36 12 1 2 ( 324) 15km 6 A B C D 36 7 A B C D 8 12 1 3 A B C 25 D ( 45 50) ( 110) 1 2 B 12 1 3 A B 9 12 1 4 B 3 12 1 1 A B C D 12 1 1 12 1 4 4 10 ( ) A

B C D 15 12 1 6 11 A B C D 12 12 1 6 A B C D 13 12 1 5 A B C D ( 45 50) 26 12 1 5 ( 324) 1 12 1 7 76 ( 816) 14 12 1 7 2 ; ; 3 ; ; 4 A B C D 520031015 A B

C D 10 F1 6 A B C D 7 ; A B CD 8 12 1 8 A C 11 12 1 8 A B C 27 D (9~11 6 12 8 12 26) (1) ;(2) 9 12 1 9 ;(3) 12 1 9

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Av2>v1=v3 Bv1>v3>v2 2 100km/h Cv2>v1>v3 Dv1=v2=v3 500km/h 300km 14 108km/h; h 1s 40m; h 5km 3 12 2 4 A B C D h m/s 15 12 2 1 12 2 4 4 12 2 5 12 2 1 A B 001s C D 002s (8) 16(2004 ) 12 2 2 m/s A 1015 m/s( B 1045 1 10) (1) A B (2) A B ; (3) B 12 2 5 29 5 5s 25m m/s km/h ( 424) 6 72km/h 18m/s 12 2 2 A B C D 7 v=s/t A B C ( 45 50) D 8 ( 111) 10m 10m ( 1 ) 48km 12 2 3 A B h C D 9 s=vt 12 2 6 s t Av>v Bv<v 12 2 3 Cv=v D 12 2 6

10 10min 11 2 3 5 A5m B50m 4 6 C500m D5000m 11 A B C D (8) 12 7 ; (1) (2) (3) 12 2 7 (1) (4) (2) /m 10 20 50 80 120 160 200 240 300 400 30 /s 28 51 86 1151883004525858251225 /m 10 20 50 80 120 160 200 240 300 400 /s 50 75 100150260342420500620820 1400 m ( 45 50) ( 420) 2 1 (1) 100km/h (2) 3 10 8 m/s (3) 11m/s 3 (6) 20km/h 2 (4) 30m/s (5) 7900m/s (7) 9m/s 12 2 8 4 (7) 13 12 2 8 ; ; 3 12 2 7 10s

12 2 9 12 2 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7(2005 ) (1) 12 2 11 18km 40km/h 30min (2) (s) 0 10 20 30 50 180km 60km/h 120km/h 1000 (mm) 0 120 222 487 (1) ; (2) 20s mm/s50s mm/s 4 12 2 10 12 2 11 ( 714) 8 12 2 10 A 40km/h B 31 8min 40km/h C Dt1~t2 1h 40km 5 1h 2min 1s 111m h/m 2 4 6 8 40km 111m t/s 063 090 110 126 t 2 /s 2 04 081 121 159 (1) (2) 10m s ( 816) 6 ; ; (1) (2) (3) 9 (1) (2) TAXI E V-8888 02-05-28 1000 1005 200 60km 1600

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B20cm C1m D10cm 01mm 10 A B C D A B C D 3 11 4 A B 50m C D 10s 12 1cm m/s 52002 200265 A12cm B120cm C1200cm D200mm 25km 13 12 3 1 A 12 3 1 h min B C D 14 A2μm B2cm 12 3 1 C2mm D2dm ( 318) (8) 6 15 (12 3 2) 33 6 18cm~ 22cm (1) 12 3 2 7 (2) 1228cm 1228m A B C D 8 A ( 45 50) B ( 216) C D 1 32 9 A B 175 C D 2 10

(2) ; A (3) B 3 C D A 11 B C 1cm D A 4 B A 9 C B 60 D ( 816) C 168 D 18 5(2005 ) T 12 3 4 12 (ab) (cd) ( ); 1 6000000 1 25000000 ; (1) ( ); (2) 34 13 12 3 4 ( 618) 6 7 ( 45 50) ( 420) 8 1 12 3 3 cm cm 12 3 3 2 12 (1) ;

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36 D 6 A B C D 7 A B C D 8 (1) A (2) B C (3) D 9 A B C D 10(2004 ) A B C D ( 45 50) 11 ( 112) A 1 B C D 2 ( 48) 12 30 150N 12 4 1 3 4 12 4 2 12 4 1 13 2N 12 4 2 5 (10) 14 1 2

3 ( 420) 6 A ( 45 50) B C ( 416) D 112 4 3 (a) (b) (c) 7 1N AB CD 8 A B C D 9 12 4 3 A 2 12 4 4 B C D 10 1 ;2 ;3 ;4 A12 B23 C34 D24 ( 918) 12 4 4 37 11 ( ) 3 ( ) ( ) 4 1 ;2 ; 3 ;4 ( ) ; ( 824) 5 (1) (2) (3) (4) 12

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3 ( 12 5 1) A B C D (7) 12 18 12 5 1 4 ( 428) 5 A B C (1) (2) D 6 39 A B C D 7 ( 45 50) AB ( 214) CD 1 8 F A B C ( D ) ( ) 2 9 ( ) 3 5 N A B C D 04m/s 10(2004 ) 4 12 5 2 A B C 12 5 2 D 11(2004 ) 5

40 1 (2) ;2 ;3 ;4 ( ) ( 424) 6 F ( 45 50) (1~21 3~7 3 21) A 1 B ( ) C ; D 7 2 A B ; C ; D 8 4 (1) ; (2) ; (3) ; A B C D (4) 9 3 12 5 3 A B C D 10 A B 12 5 3 C 1 2 3 D 4 11 A12 B13 C23 D24 A 4 B C A D B C ( 612) D 12 5 ( ) (1) AB (2) CD 6 A B C D 13 7 ; (1) ;

1 2 (9) 3 10 A12 B12 C13 D123 ( 1020) 8 ; ( 12 5 5 ) 12 5 5 (km/h) (m) (m) 9 60 11 20 80 15 34 12 5 4 100 19 54 (1) 41 (2) 12 5 4 40 7 8 50 9 13 s (3) (4)

42 欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁 D 7 1 700N100N A100N B700N 2 C800N D600N ; 8 ; A B C D 9 G (1) F T T (2) AF G BF T CT T DT G 10 1 A (1) ;(2) ;(3) ;(4) B C 2 D 11(2005 ) 12 6 1 ( 30 50) ( 115) 12 6 1 1 A B 2 C D 3 ( 12(2004 ) 12 6 2 ) 4 5 G F N ( 535) 12 6 2 6 A A B B C C D

D 10(2004 ) A B ( 45 50) C ( D 210) 1 11 12 6 4 2 2000N 1900N( ) N N( ) 12 6 4 3 A 4 2 m/s B F1; 4 m/s C F2 D F1 F2( > < = ) ( 327) 12 5 A A B B CC DD 43 6 13 1m/s A 4000N 16m/s B C D A 4000N C 4000N B 4000N D 7 (14615713) 14 12 6 5 A A 100gB 50g B C D 8 A B 12 6 5 C 15 5N 15N D 9(2004 ) 12 6 3 12 6 3 A B C

7 12 6 9 A A ( 45 50) ( 535) 1 12 6 9 (869915) A 8 B C D 2 12 6 6 (1) 12 6 10 m1 44 12 6 6 A 12 6 10 B (2) C m2 D 3 (3) A F1 F2 B F1 F2 C D 1 (1) (2) 4 A 2 B C D 5m/s 512 6 7 9 1kg 49N 12 6 7 6 12 6 8 12 6 8

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46 A B C D 8 4 A 17 5 F1 F2 B C D 9 A60mm B60cm 5 C60dm D60m 10 186 F1 F2 A B C D 11 A B 6 C (2012 211022) D 19 12 5s 50 m 1km 100m 20m/s 54km/h A B C D 13 (1) 108 7 27 28 113 73058 (2) 730 3 109 3 7 31 40 7 112 (3) 7 3 A2800s B057h C175h D125h 14 A 7 B C D 20 8 S 15 A B C D ( 412) 16 4 20N 8

( 1122) 22 21 ( 9 ) (1) TAXI ET-0808 03-09-15 1000 1005 5/3km 12/km ( 3km) 60km!!! 9 (2) ( 100 100) 47 ( 116) m/s 1 1 7 272cm ; 271cm262cm273cm274cm cm 8 161 ; 245 ; 714 380 1 ( 330) 9 2 15N 05m/s A B N C 3 D 10 4 A B C D 5 11 A 6 25m/s B 05s( C ) 45s 60m D 12

48 A B C D 13 50 50; (2) 100 100; ; A B 21 C D 14 AB C D 15 A B C D ( 816) 16 22 A ( B 3) 3 C D 17 A B C D 18 ( 2) A 3 B C D 1 ; 2 2 ( 618) 19 ; (2)100N 20 (1) 3 (1) 23 ; ; (1) ;

(2) ; 25 (3) ; (4) (24 10 25~26 5 20) 24 2539 K51 T13 T35 1711 2220 2000 1330 26 (km) 653 1152 1000 1800 0 1711 2220 2000 1330 376 22 32 49 479 0 28 42 231 36 402 12 653 609 653 21 1463 031 39 1152 10 00 1800 49

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C 6 13 1 4 D 05m 1cm 1N 8 A B 13 1 4 A400N B200N C300N D100N C 7 13 1 5 D 9 50N A A 50N B 50N B C 50N D 50N C D 10 13 1 2 A 0~5N 02N B 0~5N 01N C 0~5N 05N D 0~05kg 002kg 13 1 5 813 1 6 5 N 3N A 6N 51 13 1 2 13 1 3 B 11 13 1 3 C 2N A405N B410N D 3N C420N D450N ( 45 50) 13 1 6 ( 216) 9 1 A B 2 C 3 D ( 714) 10 4 (1) ( ) ( 420) (2) (3) 5 A B C D

11 (2) F/N 8 9 10 11 12 L/cm 530 570 610 660 730 ΔL/cm 320 360 400 450 520 52 ( 45 50) ( 515) 1 13 1 7 (1) (2) A 1 (3) 13 1 9(b) B 2 C 3 13 1 7 D 2 13 1 8 A ; B A B C D 3 13 1 8 L=210cm ( 1N) ΔL F/N 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 L/cm 250 290 330 370 410 450 490 ΔL/cm 040 080 120 160 200 240 280 N N ( 1020) 4 13 1 9(a) (g) 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 400 (cm) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 13 1 9 5 13 1 10 (1) F ΔL 13 1 10

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54 ; ; 14(2004 ) 13 2 2 5 6 ( 424) 7 G=mg 13 2 2 A 10g 10 Bg Cg D G g 8 A B C D ( 45 50) 9 ( 112) 1 A B C 210kg D N kg 10 (g 10N/kg) 3 A ; B C D 11 A100g=980N B100g=01kg 98N/kg=098N CG=mg=100g 98N/kg=980N DG=mg=01kg 98N/kg=098N 12200310 A B C 13 2 1 4 100g 5 6 120 N 25kg ( 424) 7 F1 F2 AF1>F2 BF1<F2 CF1=F2 D F1 F2 D 8 ( 510) m G 13(2005 ) 13 2 1 3N m G Am =m G =G Bm >m G >G Cm <m G <G Dm =m G <G 9 30N A B C D 10 1m/s 2000N 2m/s

A 2000N C 2000N B 2000N 2 D 11 A B C D ( 45 50) 12200310 ( 416) 1 A ( ) B C 2 D ( 714) 13 ( 2 3) O 313 2 5 10m 50m ( ) ( ) 55 13 2 5 13 2 3 A B C D 4 14 A B 13 2 4 C D ( 816) 5 L 13 2 6 AB BC L 13 2 4 (1) ; (2) 1 ; 13 2 6

56 6 8 50g 2 4 6 8 (N) 1 2 4 G=mg (1) (2) ; ( 918) ; 7 ; (1) (2) 22 2010

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58 C D A 10 B C D 6 A B B C C D D 7 (8) A 11 B 13 3 1 C D 8 (1) ;(2) ;(3) A B 13 3 1 C D 9 A B ( 45 50) C ( D 111) (10811715) 1 10 (1) (2) A ; 2 B ; C ; 3(2005 ) 13 3 2 ( 1 ) 13 3 2 ( 424) 4 ( 13 3 3); 2 ( 13 3 3) 2 1 ; 3 ( ) ( 13 3 3) 3 1 A B C D 13 3 3 5 (1)

C D 3 13 3 6 (2) 2 (A B C) (3) C 4 13 3 6 (4) 2 05N A B C A 05N D B 05N 4 C 05N D 11 ( 1224) 5 ( ) ( ) ( 45 50) 59 13 3 7 ( 416) 1 13 3 4 (1) (2) (1) (2) 2 13 3 4 213 3 5 (13 3 5 ) (13 3 5) 13 3 7 13 3 5 A B

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2 313 4 5 ABC A B C A B C ABC 13 4 1 8 200 N 300 N 50N A B C D ( 48) 13 4 5 9 13 4 2 F1 4 13 4 6 l1 F2 l2 A ; ( ) 13 4 2 10 13 4 3 O F1 F2 13 4 6 ( 416) 5 13 4 7 61 13 4 3 ( 45 50) ( 220) 1 13 4 4 ; ( ) 13 4 4 13 4 7 6 13 4 8 AO BOA B G1 G2 G1 G2 O A B A C B D 13 4 8 7 13 4 9 ABC OBD OED A B CABC OBD OED DABC OBD OED

2 13 4 12 13 4 9 8 13 4 12 F F A A B C D B ( 714) 9 (1) CA B ( DB A ) (2) 6 3 13 4 13 O G 2 A 3 A F 13 4 10 ( ) (3) 62 AAB B AC C AD D 13 4 10 4 10 13 4 14 (1) (2) (3) 3 F1(N) l1(cm) F2(N) l2(cm) 1 2 20 1 40 2 2 40 2 40 3 2 80 4 40 13 4 13 13 4 14 ( 618) 5 13 4 15 AOB F2 l1 ( 45 50) ( 416) 13 4 15 1 13 4 11 13 4 11

6 13 4 16 G O ( 816) A 8 100 N F ( 60 N ) 13 4 16 9(2004 ) 13 4 18 7 ( 50gg 10N/kg) F1/N l1/cm F2/N l2/cm 1 05 8 1 4 13 4 18 63 2 6 15 8 13 4 17 ; ; 13 4 17

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( 45 50) 7 13 5 7 600 N A 200N C 200N B 200N D 300N ( 1020) 8 ( 13 5 8 218) 1 400N 2 m N m; N m( ) 2 3 ( ) 13 5 8 AB C DE A B 4 B C D 9 13 5 9 13 5 9 (1) 13 5 4 ; ( 412) (2) 5 13 5 5 ; (3) 65 A B C D 13 5 9 13 5 5 6 13 5 6 F G AF=G CF= 1 4 G BF= 1 3 G DF= 1 5 G ( 45 50) ( 420) 1 13 5 10 OA=OB A B G1 G2 G1 G2 13 5 6 13 5 7 13 5 10 213 5 11

13 5 11 13 5 14 3 13 5 12 800 N 500N 600N( ) N ( ) 7 ( ) 13 5 15 13 5 15 ( ) 66 13 5 12 13 5 15 4 13 5 13 (10) 8 ( 13 5 16 ) 13 5 13 5 ( 1020) 13 5 16 6 (13 5 14)

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68 N D 16 A B 4 C 6 D ( 510) 17(2005 ) 5 F O ( 330) 7(2005 ) A B 5 C D 8(2005 ) A B 18(2004 ) C 6 D 9 A B C D 10 A 6 B C D 11 A B C D 12 500N (8) 19(1) A B C D 13 12N A 1 B C D 14 2 A B C D 15 (2) A B C

21 ( 1030) 2020031015 9 16623 22(2005 ) 5 N 15 N ( ) ( 100 100) ( 116) 11 1 800 N N A 500N 2 B ldm C 15min 3 D 2kg 69 12 A B 4 C D 13 5 A B 72kg C D kg N 14 (g 10N/kg) 6 4 ( ) 20 N A B N 7 C D 8 15 15N 20 N ( ) A ( 330) 9 B C D A B 16 C D 10 A B C D A 17 B C D A C B D

18 (22623814) A 23 B C D ( 520) 24 19 1 2000N ; 5N 10 30 50 60 80 1 /N 2 27 34 4 48 (1) 20 2 (2) 500g(5 N) (3) N 70 ( 1020) 25 2 ( 5 ) 5 21 3 F O (1) ( ); (2) 0 30 60 90 ; (3) 3 26(2005 ) 6 22 4 (1) ( ) ( (2) 1N 1cm 6 ) ( ) 4 6 F1/N l1/cm F2/N l2/cm 2 2 (3)

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) 6 ( 428) 7 A B C ( 45 50) D ( 222) 8 14 1 2 1 14 1 3 72 14 1 2 A 14 1 3 B (1) C ; D (2) 9 p=f/s ; A (3) (1) (2) B C 2 D ; 10 A 34N 1cm B 2 Pa; 2 10 C 4 Pa m D 2 11 4 A B 5 C 1 D 12 2 3 4 A 5 B 6 C D 13 ( 416) 6F1 A p1 B F2 p2f2 F1 p2 p1 C AF1=F2p1=p2 D BF1=F2p1<p2 (10) 14(2005 ) CF1>F2p1>p2 DF1<F2p1<p2 (1) 15t 7 (g 10N/kg) A (2) 10 B 004m 2 10t C

D 8 5 10 p p Ap=p Bp=2p Cp=4p Dp=1/2p 9 ( 45 50) ( 816) A B 1 14 1 4 C D (12) 10 ( ρ =89 10 3 kg/m 3 ) (cm) (cm 2 ) 1 20 10 2 20 20 3 20 30 ( ρ =78 10 3 kg/m 3 ) (cm) (cm 2 ) 4 20 10 5 20 20 6 20 30 ( ρ =89 10 3 kg/m 3 ) (cm) (cm 2 ) 7 10 10 (1) (2) 14 1 4 73 2 8 10 20 9 10 30 ( 612) 3 (1) 123(456789) ( ; ) (2) ; (3) 17(2839)4 (4) (a) (5 6 6 7 10 22) (b) 5

7 2004 5 1 70% (1) 6 ( 1cm 2 ) (2) 74 欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁 1 3 ( ) 4 2 1 ; ; 14 2 1 ; 5 14 2 2 2 (1) (2) 1C 2 5 B 2 2 B 11 C 6 ( 30 50) ( 226) 1 ; 2 14 2 2

(3) ;(B) ; ;(C) ;(D) (4) 3 1 10 4 Pa ( 424) ( 424) 6 4 14 2 5 A B A B C D 7 14 2 3 A B C D 14 2 5 8 14 2 3 A B A B C CD 9 D 5 14 2 6 A B C D 10 14 2 4 ( 14 2 6 75 ) A B C D 6 A B C 14 2 4 A B C D D 7 A B C 11 D A 8 14 2 7 B C D p1 p2 p3 ( 45 50) 14 2 7 Ap1<p2<p3 ( 212) Bp1>p2>p3 1 Cp2>p1>p3 Dp1=p2=p3 2 (A) 9 ( ρ <ρ )

A B C D (10611814) 10 (m) 3 5 9 12 15 20 14 2 9 14 2 9 A (1)(2) B (3)(4) (m) 3 5 9 12 15 20 C (1)(3)(4) D(1)(2)(3)(4) (Pa) 131 220033 SARS 150 189 221 249 301 SARS 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 U (g=10 N/kg) ( 14 2 10 ) (Pa) 03 05 09 12 15 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 (1) ρ=ρ gh (h ) 14 2 10 (2) 76 3 U-571 11 1 m A B () ( ) 14 2 8 A B B A B ( ) 14 2 8 4 40m ( 45 50) ( 520) 1

( 618) 9(2004 ) 5 14 2 11 4min 20m 2 4 min 14 2 12 8min ( ρ =103 10 3 kg/m 3 g=10n/kg ) (1) (2) 14 2 11 ; 6 ( 10cm 2 20cm 2 ) (1); (2); (3) 7(2004 ) 1 ; 2 ; 3 1 2 14 2 12 77 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 (cm) 5 5 5 10 10 10 15 15 15 43 43 43 92 92 92 138138138 (cm) (1) 1 ; 2 (2) 3 ( 612) 8

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2 (km) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 (kpa) 101 80 62 47 36 26 19 3 14 3 1 (1) ( ) (2) 70 10 4 Pa 14 3 1 4 14 5 5500 m 6 1000 m ( ) 100 ( ) 7 (1) ; ; 79 (2) ( 412) 100 8 1500m 95 14 3 2 2200m 925 ; 3645m 884 ; 80 20035 1 14 3 2 A B C D 9 027 m 2 A27 10 2 N B27 10 3 N C27 10 4 N D27 10 5 N 10 ( 45 50) ( 112) A 1 B C D

(1112121426) 2 11 14 3 3 3s~5s 14 3 3 (1) (2) (10) 3 ( ) 12(2005 ) ( 14 3 4) (14 3 5) ; (14 3 5 ) 80 14 3 4 (1) ; ; (2) ( 45 50) ( 816) 1 14 3 5 (1) A ; B ;C ;D ;E ;F ;G ( ) (2) (3)

( 824) 6(2004 ) 20cm 3 4 100 (1) 1 (2) ( 2 14 3 7 ) ( 14 3 6) F 18N 3 L 10cm 14 3 7 14 3 6 5 2003 5 2 ( ) SARS (1) (2) ( ) 81

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(2) ( 45 50) ( 218) 1 14 4 1 14 4 4 AB CD 7 14 4 5 A A B 14 4 5 B A B C D 8 14 4 1 2 A B C 83 3 ( ) D (1) 9 ; (2) 4 14 4 2 A B A ; B B A ( ) C D (10511712) 10 14 4 6 14 4 2 ( 420) 5 14 4 3 ( ) F1 F2 14 4 3 14 4 6 AF1>F2 BF1<F2 CF1=F2 D 6 14 4 4

11 ( 816) 3 84 ( 45 50) ( 4 14 4 9 816) 1 F1 14 4 9 14 4 10 (1) 14 4 7 14 4 7 (2) 14 4 10 (5861018) 5 14 4 11 2 1 m 14 4 8 14 4 11 6 14 4 12 3m~4 m 14 4 8 14 4 12

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2 5N 5 10-4 m 3 A N(g 10 N/kg) B C ) ( D 3 206 10 N 13 14 5 2 N; m 3 F ( 103 10 3 kg/m 3 g 10N/kg) F F 4 14 5 4 10cm 30cm Pa N 14 5 2 AF=F>F BF<F<F 86 CF=F<F (11) 14 DF>F>F 14 5 4 ( 420) 5 A B C D 6 A B C D 7 A B C D 8 14 5 5 14 5 5 ( 45 50) A B ( 220) C 1 A B C D 14 5 3 9 14 5 6 0 0 0 14 5 3 14 5 6

A B C (1) ; D (2) ( 510) 10 (1) 4 14 5 8 ( ) (2) h F 11(2005 ) 15 10 3 kg/m 3 20cm 3 100cm 3 g 10N/kg (1) ; (2) 14 5 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ( 45 50) ( 48) ; 1 14 5 7 A B C D (3) 6 7 AA BB CC DD h(cm) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 F(N) 675 625 575 525 475 425 425 (1) N 4 N; (2) 1 5 87 ; (4)14 5 9 F h 14 5 9 5 14 5 7 2 ( ) ( 1030) 3 A B C D

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D 6 10 m 20 m ( ) A B 0 020 040 060 080 100 C (N) D 7 100 120 A (N) 140 160 180 200 B C D 0 002 8 h(m) 004 006 008 010 A 0 016 B (N) 032 048 064 080 C D 008 096 9 (N) A 112 128 144 160 (1) B C D (2) ( 10 ) (3) 89 A B (a) () C ; D (b) 11 m1kg m2kg ρkg/m 3 A (m1-m2)g N B (m1-m2)g N m2 C ρ m3 0 002 004 006 008 010 h(m) ( 45 50) D (m1-m2)kg ( 230) (13) 1 2000N 12(2004 ) ( 1900 N ; 01m ( ) 14 6 N ( 1 ) 2 2 3 1 3 3 ; ; 14 6 1 4

90 ; (2) ; ( 210) (3) 5 1/3 1/3 A B 1/3 (g) (cm 3 ) C D 1/3 6 A 448 392 40 33 A B C D B 561 488 50 41 7 C 773 679 69 57 A B C D 8 2 ( ); A B C ( 45 50) ( D 618) 1 9 A B C D 2 A B C D A B (10) C 10(2004 ) D 14 6 2 3 20 14 6 2 1 ; ( 816) 2 4 ; 3 ; 1 2 3 (1) A B C ;

5 ( ) 7 14 6 3 () /(g/cm 3 ) 08 10 12 14 (1) ; (2) ; /N 16 18 20 22 (3) (1) (6671016) 14 6 3 6 G1 G2 ρ ρ (1) (2) 13 6 3 (2) 23N kg/m 3 (3) 14 6 3 91

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6(2005 ) 14(2005 A ( ) C D 11(2005 ) 4 B V V1V1 V= ( ρ = C 09 10 3 kg/m 3 ρ =103 10 3 kg/m 3 ) D 7(2004 ) 15(2005 5 ( ) (A ) ( ) 8 A B C D 5 16(2005 ) 9 A B ( 330) C 10(2005 ) D A 17(2005 ) 6 B A B C D 18(2004) 7 A 4 B AP Q 7 C BP Q D CP Q 19(2005 ) DP Q 獉獉 12(2005 ) A B G1 F1; G2 F2 C D AF1<F2G1=G2 BF1>F2G1=G2 CF1=F2G1>G2 DF1>G1F2>G2 ( 1030) 20(2005 ) 8 13(2005 ) ρ a a (1) 2 (2) ( ) 8 Aρag B2ρag C4ρag D ρ ag 2 6 93

21 ( ) 24 9 11 ( ) 9 (1) (2) 2210 10 (1) ; (2) ; (3) 11 94 25(2005 ) (1)12 S1 S2F1 10 ( 824) F1 23 S1 F2 (2) ( ) 12

( 100 100) ( 116) 1 3 (1) ; (2) ; 2 50kg N ( ) 3 3 ( 330) 7 4 41 95 1 4 A B 5 C D 2 8 5 ( ρ >ρ > ρ ) A B C 2 D 9 A 6 5

96 B Aρ < ρ B ρ = ρ Cρ > ρ D C 16(2004 ) 8 D 10 A B C D 11 8 A A B B C C D D ( 1030) 12 17 U A ( B ) C D U U 13 A (cm) B (cm) (cm) (cm) C 1 D 10 6 4 10 7 14(2005 ) 6 ( 狊 ǔ 狀 ) 2 20 11 5 20 13 3 30 15 6 30 18 (1) l 23(4 56) ; (2) 18 6 A B C D 15 7 1cm ρ ρ 9 (1) ; (2) (9) 7

/ 20 30 40 50 (2) /Pa 10 10 5 103 10 5 107 10 5 11 10 5 21 (1) ( 12 ) (2) (3) 1 (4) 12 19(2005 ) ( ) 10(a) (b) 10(a) (b) 10(c) 10(a) (c) 97 222005 3 10 13 (1) ( ) 1600N 16 10-2 m 2 (2) (1) ( ) (3) (b) pb(c) (g 10N/kg) pcpb pc( > (2) < = ) (4) (b) (c) (3) ( 824) 13 20 1 10 5 Pa 11 ( 11 ) 5N 5cm 2 (1)

( 90 100) 98 ( 116) 1 2 B C D 3 11 A B 4 C ; D 12 5 A B C D 61 13 D 14 A B 1 ( 330) C D 7 15 3O G F A B C D 8 A6 10 3 kg B60kg C6kg D6 10-3 t 9 250 ml 3 A250g B250g C250g D250g A B 102 2 A A B C C D 16 A B C D

(17 18 3 19 20 6 18) ( 618) 17 4 G O 21 A F ( ) 4 22 18 5 5 99 23 100N 60 N 19 ( ) 20

( 618) 26 24 K50 1432km 244km K50 1658 1745 1925 2040 2123 2310 16 00 1700 1748 1940 2045 2126 2316 K50 00 45 0255 0504 0549 0625 0742 0906 1048 00 56 0303 0510 0552 0628 0750 0909 (1) (1)K50 (2) (2) (3) (3) 100 25

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(15 1 1) 6 A 15 1 1 (424) B C D 7 15 1 3 102 13(2005 ) 19 10-2 m 3 15 1 3 A12 B23 100m 1 m C123 D13 ( ) 8 10 m (1) (2) A500 W B500J C5000 W D5000J 9 A B C ( 45 50) D 10 ( A 216) 1 12 10 4 N B 3m C 5m D J 2100N 20 N 11 10m 5 m J; J A 02J B2J C10J D20J 3 50 N 5 N (10) 25m 12(2004 ) 500N J 4 m/s 4 2 m 800 N J 5 15 1 2 200N 1 10-2 m 2 15 1 2 (1) J; J (2) 30N 061m 12 10 5 Pa (1) (2) 10min

(3) ( 45 50) ( 420) 1 J (15) 60kg 7 3 10 3 N15 1 5 2200N 10s 60m 3 2 10 3 N 10 m 10m J 4 10000N 5 m J 02m/s 15 1 5 5s (1) ; J 5 15 1 4 ; (2) ; 103 (3) 15 1 4 (1) (2) (15) 6 (1) (2) 1 2 3

104 欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁 A70% B120% C60% D80% 7 A (1) B C ;(2) D ;(3) 8 1 A A 1 B C D 2 A 1 9 1 A B 3 C D 4 (12) 1 10 1 (1) B 4 2 C 3 4 (2) ( 30 50) ( 218) 1 2 1 3 800N 4 m 500NJJ 4 ( 45 50) ( ) ( 16) ( 420) 1 1h 60 m 3 6 m 5 150J 200J J W A200J B50J (g=10n/kg) C150J D350J 2 400N 2 m 6 4 80% J J

3 15 2 1 A ; 05m/s A 20N 4 02 F 25N 2s J ( ) (1) 15 2 1 ( 424) 4 A B C D 5 A B C A B (N) C D 7 A (3) B C 11 D 15 2 3 8500N 4m 1500 N 1 m A15% B25% C75% D85% 9 A B C D ( 1020) 10 15 22 1 ; 2 ; 3 15 2 2 (2) (N) (N) 10 42 794% 10 42 794% D 6 (N) 10 42 794% 15 60 15 2 3 105

( 45 50) ( 1020) 1 4 (1) 1 (2) 2 3 4 (1) 2(2005 ) 15 2 4 t=20s m=100kg L=3m h=15m η= 80%(g 10N/kg) (2) (2) 106 (10) 15 2 4 5(2005 ) (1) 05h (2) 9km 32V 4A (1) (2) 1000N (3) 8 10-3 m 2 ( ) ; (3) ( 1020) 3 15 2 5 (1) (4) 20 N 15 2 5

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B ; C ; ( 420) 7 D ; 15 3 3 E (3) 108 15 3 3 15 2t 05 m/s A 2000m 15 10 6 J B C D 8 002 ( 45 50) ( 321) 10 1 70kg 180 m 20min 25 min 15 230m 330m 04s A5 6 B6 5 W(g 10N/kg) C15 8 D8 15 2 11 50kg1min 180 05m/s 10m 1m/s 5cm 2 5 A B W(g 10N/kg) C 3 8 10-5 m 3 D ( ) 15 10 4 Pa (9) 70 12 W 4 15 3 2 (1) ; A 10kW B 1kW C 01kW D 001kW 9 600 N 20s 100m 005 A150 W B300 W C1500 W D3000 W (2) ( ) 15 3 2 5 5m 1min 6t kw(g 10N/kg) 6 vv=2 1

( 45 50) ( 420) 1 G/N h/m t/s 2 15 2 4 10 4 5 05 5 (1) (2) ( ) 2(2005 ) 15 3 7 15 3 4 ( 1530) C D 5 15 3 6 (P) (t) 15 3 6 6 15 3 8 W =FsP= W t 109 15 3 4 l/m 06 G/N 500 15 3 8 5 W/J t/s 12 7(2005 ) 135 m P/W 10 4 m 3 3 15 3 5 (1) ( ρ= 10 10 3 kg/m 3 ) (2) (g 10N/kg) (3)20% 15 3 5 4 A B

110 欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁 ( 424) 7 (1) A ;(2) B ;(3) C D 8 1 A B C 2 D 9 A B 1 C B 12 D 2 10 35J 17J ( 30 50) A18J B52J C0 D 11 A B ( 120) C 1 ; D ; 12 2 AB C D (6) 13 3 ; 4 (1) (2) 80 70 (3) 70 60 5 60 50 6 ; (1) ; ; ; (2)

(3) C D (14) 12 15 4 2 ( 45 50) ( 218) 1 ( ) 2 15 4 2 ; (1) ( ) (2) 3 (3) (4) 4 m (kg) v(m s -1 ) Ek(J) 600 05 75 52003320 50 6 900 ( ) ( 318) 6 A 111 B C D ( 45 50) 7 ( 816) 1 A B C D (1) ; 8 (2) 2 185 m 284m A B C D 9 A B (14) C D 3 10 [ ] A B C D ; 11(2005 ) 15 4 1 [ ] A B 15 4 1 [ ] (1)

[ ] ( 1020) (2) 4 15 4 3 (3) 1 15 4 3 [ ] 2 (4) 1 [ ] 2 [ ] 5 15 4 4 (1) (2) 15 4 4 112 欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁 1 ( 30 50) (1) ( 114) 1 35J ;(2) 17J; 2 ( 15 5 1 ) ( ) ( ) 1 2 3 1 A 2 2 C 9 15 5 1 15 5 2 3 15 5 2 A C (1)A B ;

(2) A B ( 324) (2) 4 A B C D 5 A B C D ( 45 50) 6 ( 122) A 1 B C D 2 7 A 3 B C D 4 8 5 A B C 6 D 113 9 20J 6J 7 A15J B14J C13J D12J 10 8 15 5 3 A B C D 11 A B C 15 5 3 D ( 318) (12) 9 ( 15 5 4 12 ) (1) 15 5 4

A B C D 10 A B C D 11 500J A 500J B C 500J D 500J 12 15 5 5 ( 45 50) ( ) ( 420) 1 15 5 7 114 15 5 5 15 5 7 A ; B C 2 D 15 5 8 13 15 5 6 ( ) 15 5 8 3 15 5 9 15 5 6 A B C D 15 5 9 14 A B 4 C A a D B b (10) C c 15 D 5

(2) 8 (1) 15 5 12 15 5 12 (1) ; (2) ( 824) 6 15 5 10 ( ) (2) 15 5 13 15 5 13 115 15 5 10 (1) ; (2) ; 15 5 14 (3) ; 7 15 5 11 ( A B C ) (A B 15 5 11 C B A T ) (1) ( ) (6) 9 15 5 14 W A B C ;A C

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B C D 17(2005 ) ( 5 ) 10(2005 ) A B C D 5 11 (1) A (2) B C A ; D B ; 12 C ; A D ; B E C (3) D 13 100 N 4 N 20m 18 A 200J (1) B 80J C (2) D 14 117 (3) A B C D 15 A B ( 824) C 19 D 90% 6 7 ( 1030) 16 4 (1) 4 (2) (3) (1) ; (2) 6

21(2005 ) 9 7 20(2005 )8 TY160 120kW 125m 2 1 ; 17 10 4 kg 2 ; 9 8 (1) (2) 54km/h 15m (g 10N/kg) 118 ( 100 100) ( 114) 5 1 6 ( ) 2 7 75% ; 625kW 3 1 ( 330) 8 40N 200 m 10m A0 B400J C2000J D2400J 9 2 F m 1 4 m 10 N m ; 2m/s F P

D C 16 1 A B 2 C A F 20N D B F 5N 17 C P 20 W D P 10 W A 10 B 10s C A B D CD ( 1030) 11 18 A02J B2J C10J D20J 5 12 (1) 3 3 A B C D 13 A B C D 14(2005 ) 4 (2) (3) 5 (4) 119 19(2005 ) ( 6) G/N W /J W /J h/m F/N s/m η 1 50 01 16 05 05 08 63% 4 A B C D 2 3 50 50 015 025 22 31 05 05 075 11 68% 15 A B 6

120 (1) J (1) J (2) (3) (2) (4) 20 7(a) t 1 m ; 22 2 l ; 3 s ; 8B13 127m 270m 3 /H 5m m/g s/ l/ t/s 1 20 3 12 21 2 40 3 12 21 3 60 3 12 21 4 60 2 12 21 5 60 1 12 21 6 60 3 9 19 7 60 3 6 15 113kW 1540r/min 17kW 83% 111kg 17kW 17kW ;17kW (1) 7 (1) b (2) t tl (3) t ( ); (4) (21 22 8231026) 21 8 3kg 4s 05m (g 10N/kg) 8

(2) 3 m (2) 1500t 23(2005 ) 9 A D F 1min 045t 12m F 72 10 4 J( g 10N/kg) 121 9 (1)

122 欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁 A (a)(b) B (b)(c) C (a)(c) D(a) (b) (c) 1 6 A ; B C 2 (1) D ;(2) 7 A 1 B C D 2 8 A B C 1 A D 4 5 B 1 3 6 9 2 B 8 A B C D 10 ( 30 50) ( 111) 1 ; A B CD 11 2 A 3 B ; C D (11) 4 12 ( ) ( 428) 5 (a) ;(b) ;(c) 16 1 1

16 1 1 B C D 10 A B C D 11 A B C D (10) ( 45 50) ( 222) 12 1 2 3 5 1 mm 123 4 ( ) 5 ( 45 50) ( 420) 1 ( 318) 6 A 2 B C D 3(2005 ) 7 A B C D 8 A B C D 9 A 16 1 2

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欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁 A ( ) B ( ) C D 2 9 A B C D ; 10 A B 1 C (1) D 11(2005 ) (2) A B C0 (3) D 12 A B 2 C A 8 11 D (6) 13 125 ( 30 50) ( 120) 20 1 2500 2 3 4 ; 5 6 (1) ; (2) ; ( 424) 7(2005 ) (3) ; (4) A B C D 8

126 A (1) B (2) C D 9 ( 45 50) ( C 416) 1 D ( ) (12613713) (1) (2) 12 (3) (4) ( ) (5) (6) (7) 2 ; 3 13 4200321 ( 321) 5 A (1) B C D 6 A B (2) C D 7 A B C D 10 A B C D 11 A B A B C D 8

( 45 50) ( 420) 1 A B C D 2 16 2 3 16 2 1 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 (min) 7 16 2 1 A B 127 C D 3 (1) ; (2) ; (3) ; (4) 416 2 2 ( ) ( 1020) 6 16 2 3 3 min 23 ( ) 24 25 25 26 27 27 28 29 29 30 23 ( ) 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 32 34 (10) 8 16 2 2 (1) (2) (3) 5

(1) (3) (2) 128 欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁 ( 424) 5 16 3 1 (1) ;(2) ;(3) 1 16 3 1 1 2 J/(kg ) A 3 B 42 10 3 J/(kg ) 1kg C D 1 42 10 3 J 4 Q=cm(t-t0)Q=cm(t0-t) 6 A1kg 1 4200J 1 B1kg 1 4200J C1kg 1 4200J D1kg 1 4200J 2C 4 72100J 1kg 1 A B 3B 13 C D 8 A B ( 30 50) C ( 220) D 1 9 A B 2 C 3 D 10 A B 4 1kg 390J C D 1

(6) 11 ( 321) 5 A B C 60 10 D 45 6 A B C (1) D (2) 7 A B C D 8 c= Q m(t-t0) ) A ( 45 50) B C ( 112) 1 D 129 2 9 A 3 B C D 10 100 20 AB C D 4 16 3 2() 11 () ( II) ABCD A 15kg (127131017) 12 A B C D (1) (2) 16 3 2

13(2005 ) 26 27 1kg 15 ( ) 528 16 3 3 [c= 42 19 14 10 3 J/(kg )] 25 28 529 21 11 16 3 3 (1) 06kg/m 3 (2) (2) (3) 750 W ( 45 50) (16) 4 100 W 130 ( 618) 1 / 2 2 /min 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 310 316 321 325 328 330 331 310 325 338 348 358 360 363 (1) (2) 16 3 4 2 3 16 3 4 (3) (4) 527 25 26 20 12

(16) ; 5(2005 ) 2/5 60 10 (1) (2) 1 ; 2 (3) 欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁 2 3 10 7 J/kg 2kg J 1 3 4 2 (1) ;(2) ( 420) 5 131 A B 1 C D 6 A B 2 1kg C D 3 7 A B C D 1 8 A 4 AJ kg BJ/kg 5 CJ kg/ DJ /kg 2C 8 9 C A 89 B C D ( 30 50) ( 230) ( 45 50) 1 ( 218) 1 kg 15 10 7 J

132 ( 30 10 7 J/kg) 2 ; ( 114 10 8 J/kg3 10 7 J/kg) ( 45 50) 3 ( 318) ; 1 16 4 1 A B 4 5 45% 100J 45J ( 420) 6 16 4 1 A 2 B C D 7 16 4 2 35% A 30% 10% B C D 8 A B C D 9 A B C 16 4 2 D 10 3 AB CD (12) 11 4 ( ) (1) (2) A (3) B C (4) D 5 200kg 80kg 30kg 60kg AB C D 6 A B

C 9 D 42 10 3 J/(kg ) (8) 7 ( ) 30kg 20 (1) (2) 3 10 7 J/kg (3) 4 05kg 2kg ( 1224) 15% 8 20 15kg 100 105 (4) 042 c=42 10 3 J/(kg ) (1) 34 10 7 J/kg 20% 034 (2) 欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁 (2) ; 133 (3) ; (4) ; 2 ( 424) 3 2004 3 11 1 2 A B C D 4 A C 2 B C D 5 A ( 30 50) B C ( 220) 1 D (1) ;

134 6 2(2004 ) 16 5 3 2003 10 15 A 9 F B C D 10 16654 7 A B C D 8 A B C D (6) 16 5 3 9(2005 ) 200g (1) ; 16 5 1 (2) 3 ( 16 5 4) (1) ; (2) ; 16 5 1 (3) 16 5 4 DE ( 40% 420) 42001110 ( 45 50) A ( 18) B 1(2005 ) C D 16 5 2 6 A ; B ; C D 7 16 5 2 A B C D 5 ; A B C D 8

A B C D (910101222) 9 (3941019) 3 4 ; 10 3700 ~4500 273 (13) 5(2004 ) 70 05t 50 q=3 10 7 J/kg (1) (2) (30 ) 135 800~2100 21 00~ 800 / [/(kw h)] 052 055 030 ( 45 50) ( 918) 1 ; 4kg 20 1 42 10 3 J/(kg ) (1) (2) 1 (30 ) 2

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( 330) ( 1030) 11(2005 ) 21 A B C D0 (1) ; 12(2005 ) A B C (2) ; D 13(2005 ) (3) A B C D 14(2005 ) A B 22 C D (1) 15(2005 ) A B C (2) D 1 16 A B C0 D 2 17 A0 B C D 3 18 A B C D 19 A B C D 20 A B C D 137 4

23(2004 ) 25 A B (1) (2) (3) 138 26(2005 ) ; 1403m 50 (24 25 726923) 24 (50~100) (1) 50 50kg50kg 10 50 [ 42 10 3 J/(kg )] (2) 1500 W (1) (3) 50% (1) ( 39 10 7 J/m 3 )

( 100 100) ( 116) 1 ; D 11 2 A B 3200321 C D 4 42 10 3 J/(kg ) 5kg 20 5kg 20 ( ) 5 C 12 A J B C D 13 ; 6 A B 139 C 72003 D 40km 14 2 8000 8 1 B K A C K 1 ( 330) 9 A B C D 10 A B 2 15 3 A3 B1/3 C1 D9 16(2005 )

140 A 21(2005 ) B C D 17(2005 ) (1) A (2) ( 824) 22 B 3 C 084 m 2 756 10 4 J/(min m 2 ) 50% D 20 70 [c=42 10 3 J/(kg )] 18(2005 ) A B C D ( 1030) 19 ( ) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 23 100 989 98 97 96 971 979 99 1001 101 1022 (ml) ( ) (1) 3 4 η (2) 20(2005 ) 24(2005 ) ( ) 100g 85 15 322 10 3 J (1) (2)

欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁 1) 4(2005 ) 1 (1) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ; ; ( ) (2) 1 ( ) / q/(j/m 3 ) (/m 3 ) /m 3 / 4 10 7 15 6 0 2 8 10 7 23 3 70 ( A B ) 141 A B ( 424) 5 1 A B B12 C D 2 6 C 9 A ( 30 50) B C D 7 A ( 115) 1 B ; C D 2 8 A B 3(2005) 2006 1 1 C D 9 A (1) B C (2) ( D

142 10(2004 ) B C A D (1261339) B 12 2001 9 11 8 50 9 C D 757 767 (11) 150t 51t 757 11 104t 35t 300m 750km/h (1) ; (1) (2) (2) 51t ( 46 10 7 J/kg) J 750 ( 45 50) ( 220) 1 13 ; 2 3 ; ; ; 4 ( 45 50) ( 424) ( 321) 1 (1) (2) (3) (4) 5 (5) (6) (7)(8) A B ; C D 6 2 A B CO2 A C B D C 7 D A B 3 C D A 8 A B B C D C 9 A B D C D 4 10 A A B B C D C 11 D A 5

3000 A B C D 6 (1) ; (2) 30 6000 烄 { 烅烄烆烅 (1) 烄烄烆烅 (2) 烅烆烆 ( { ) (12) 7 (869814) 8 143 (1) ( ) (2) 1 ; 2 ; (3) 9 ( 65 100kg) 6 100kg 15 65 10km (1) 80 10 7 J/kg 400 6 [ 70% c=42 10 3 J/(kg )] (2) 440 ( ) 490 275 003g/L 138 40 ; 2000

144 欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁 2000812 (1) (2) 1 ( 318) 9 2 A B C D 10 A 1 A 11C 6 B 8 2 C 9 C 3 D C 6 11 A B ( 30 50) ( 119) 1 2 3 17 2 1 4 5 17 2 1 6 14 17 2 2 7 8 17 2 2 1986 A B C D 12 A B C D 13(2005 )

C D A (15516813) 15(2005 )17 2 3 B C D 6 A B C D 17 2 3 7 A B C D 8 A 16(2005 ) B 17 2 4 C 17 2 4 D (16) 9 17 2 5 145 17 2 4 ( 45 50) ( 218) 1 2 3 17 2 5 (1) (2) (3) 4 (4) ( 416) 5

146 ( 45 50) ( 315) 1 (1) (2) (3) 1 ; 2 (4) (5) 2 ( 1020) 3 2007 8 2 TNT 836 10 13 J He 3 ( C-13 6 7 293 10 J/kg) He-3 A 3 B 2 1 C 1 2 D 3 4 A 9 B C D 20% 5 100 A 300~400 B 30t~40t C D 21 (677815) 6 2010 3000 ~5000 1500 ~ 2500 1989 434 32000 17% α β γ 7 17 2 6 50% 17 2 6

300m~1500m (1) (2) 140 1996 ( 30 50) 欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁 6000 K 15 10 8 km 1 6 ; ( 420) 7 A 1 B 2 C 3 (1) 147 D ;(2) 8 A B 1 (1) ;(2) ;(3) C D ;(4) A 6 9 7 9 A 2 B C B 12 C 2 D 3 4 10 A B C D 11 A ( 115) B 1 C D 2 (15) 12(2005 ) 3 100 2005 (17 3 1) 4 (1) 5

148 (2) ( ) ( 424) 6 A B C D 7 A B C D 8 17 3 1 A B C D 9 A B C D 10 A B ( 45 50) C D ( 115) 11 A B 1 C D (11) 12 2 20021230 (1) ( ( ) (2) ( ) 3 17 3 2 ( 45 50) ( 1224) 117 3 3 17 3 2 4 ; ; ; ; 5 17 3 3

(1) 4 (2) 1! 1s (3) 10 10 3 J (4) 2 17 3 5 17 3 4 17 3 5 (1) 100kg 25 45 17 3 4 (2) 80% (1) ; (2) (3 4 95826) 149 3 125 m 2 5 50% EWH 80B 1500 W 220V (1) (2) 80L 842 463 415 (1) 6 1 m 2 1h 32 10 6 J 8h 80kg 20 (2) ( ) (3)

150 欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁 (2) ; (3) ; (4) ( 416) 6 1 A B C D 7 2 A B 3 C D 8 () A B C D 1 9 () B 12 13C A B 1 C D 2 ( 714) C 7 10 ( ) ( 30 50) ( 110) 1(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 5 2 17 4 1 17 4 1 3 11 4 (1) ; (2) (10) 5 12(2004 ) (1) ;

2000 D 11 99% 20% A B C D (12 6 13 7 14 8 ; 21) 12 (1) ( ) (1) ; (2) 13 17 4 2 (3) (4) ( 45 50) ( 113) 1 17 4 2 2 151 3 14 4 5 m/kg t0/ t1/ t2/ t3/ 6 10 150 223 278 315 10 ( ) 150 165 178 190 7 (1) ; (2) ( 416) ; 8 (3) 100kg A B 20m 2 1m 2 C D 20 10 6 J 9 A B C D 10 ( ) A B C

152 ( 45 50) ( 212) 1 ;2 1 ;3 17 4 4 2 (1) (2) ; 3(2004 (2) ) (1) 6(2004 ) ; (3) ( 816) 4 5 ; 17 4 4 ( ) (3) (6167622) (1) (2)220 V 2 A 36 min 99g (3) 143 10 6 J/kg 99g (4) (5) 17 4 3 (1) 17 4 3 7 (2) (3) (1) ; (2) ; (3)

欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁 8 A B C D (9 10 6 11 11 23 1 ) 9 2 3 4 15 1 5 70 6 6 33316 7 ( ) (1) ; (2) 10 (1)( 153 ) ( 30 50) (2) ( 111) 121 2 3 11 4 ( 416) 5 (1) A (2) B C (3)2000 600 D ( 6 ) (4) A B C D 7 A B C D

(2) ( 45 50) 154 ( 115) 13 1 2 3 4 ( ) ( 321) 5 A B C D ( 45 50) 6 ( 420) A1 B C (1); D (2) ; 7 (3); A (4) B 2 C ; D ; ; 8 A 3 B A C B D C D 9 4 A B A B C D C D 10 5 A B C D 11 AB C D ( 714) 12 (1) ( )

( 714) 6 (1) (2) 1 ; 2 (3) 25 10 8 kw h kg ( 30 10 7 J/kg) (4) 17 5 2 7 (1) ; (2) 17 5 2 (W) 200 (3) (V) 36 (m/s) 3 (m/s) 6 038 155 ( 816) 8 9(2005 ) 17 5 1

欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁 ( 100 100) 156 欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁 1 1 烄烄 { 2 烄烅 3 烅 { 4 烆烆 { 5 烄 { 6 { 烅 7 烄烅烆烆烄 { ( 115) 1 烄烅烅烅烆烆 2 ; 烄烄烅烅烆 3 烆 4 21 烄 5 烄烅烅烆 6(2005 ) 烄 ; 烅烆烆烆 2 7(2005 ) ( 330) 8 2004 3 11 6% 3 A B C D 9

A B (2) C D 10 A B C D 11 A B C D 12 A B C D 13 A B C D 14 (1) ( 3 A ) (2) B C 157 (3) D 15(2005 ) 511 2005 140 A B C D 16(2005 ) 2 A B C D 17(2005 ) A B C D ( 1030) 18 12 1 (1) 1 19 1769 (2)

20(2004 ) U=120V I=10A ( 3 (1) ) (2) 75% 150N; 158 3 (1) () (2) 1 2 (3) (21 22 823924) 1500 15 23(2004 ) ; 60 21 2004430 800 8 (1) ; (2)15 4 (3) 10 10 4 W 180V 15A 4 22 21 S=8 m 2 P=1kW

( 100 100) ( 117) (1) ; 1 (2) ; 1 (3) 8 1 2 1 ;2 2001 ;3 ;4 15 10 8 t 1t 15 10 10 J ;5 2001 J A1234 B1245 kg ( C1235 D1345 30 10 7 J/kg) 3 10 159 4 A B 5 C D 6 11 A B C D 756 10 4 kj/s 52 10 3 kj/s91 10 13 kj/s37 10 11 kj/s 4 10 10 kj/s 12 5 1 ;3 ;4 ;5 (1) A21435 B14235 (2) kj C23145 D24135 ( 365 ) 13 7 2 ( A B 3) 2 ( ) ( 330) 9 ;2 C D 14 ; A

B C D 15(2005 ) A B C D 16(2005 ) 5 A ; ; B C D (1) 17(2005 ) (2) 3 160 20 6 3 3 18 4 4 A B 6 C D 0 ( (min) 1030) 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 19(2005 ) 5 23 24 25 25 ( ) 26 27 27 28 29 29 30 23 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 ( )

(1) (2) (2) (3) (3) (4) 23 20 50% 21 7 /L 150 /m 2 25 45~90 / 40~60 220V2000 W (1) [c=42 10 3 J/(kg )] (2) 161 (3) 7 (1) (2) (3) 24(2005 ) 2003 660 ; 15 4% (22 23 824723) 22 20% 30% 40 (1) 20031 216 10 5 t 627 10 6 J/kg 1t 240kW h (1) (2)

( 90 100) ( 333) 1 Fa Fb Fc( > < = ) 50g 2 3 1 2 min 1 ( 436) N 12 300N A600N B300N C0 D 150N 13 3 A 162 1 4 30N 100N N; N 5 54kg 20dm 3 3 A3cm B445cm 6 09 10 3 kg/m 3 5000cm 3 C555cm D115cm 50cm 2 1 m 2 14 A B C D (g 10N/kg) 7 15 A 8 B C ; D 16 35kg 9 A35g 10 B35g C35 10-1 g 11 2 a b c D35 10-2 g

17 22 ( ) A B () C D 18 4 10cm 78N 18N 4 A 9600Pa B 1800Pa C 78N D 90N 19 5 75 N G 5 A 75N B 75N C 75N D 20 15N 1/2 9N A 15N B 12N C 9N D 12N (21 622 713) 21 6 163 6

(23 824 1018) 23 7 AB=15 mbc=10 m 24 10-2 m 3 250 N (1) (2) BD=60m A B C 3 10-2 m 3 6m/s D ( )(3) D (g=10n/kg) 7 164

11 C 1(1) (2) A 2A 3C 4A 1 5 2 6 3 7 4nm 5 8 6C 7A 8B 9C 10D 11B 12D 13C 14(1)(2) (3) B 1 2 14 15 9(1) 3 4 (2) 5 6 B 7B 8A 9A 10D 11C 12A A 13(1) ;(2) 1 m ; 2 50 60 t 3DCBA 4300 3 10 8 5g kg 6D 7B 8B 9B 10D 11B 12A 13A 14 (1) ; 10 50 kg; (1) ;(2) 1

B 310 10 3 kg/m 3 10 10 3 kg 10g 10g 1(1) (2) 4 (3) ρ = m V 527 79 79 27 2(1) (2) 6C 7C 8C 9BD 10B 11B 12D 3828 13 41250 9m 6m 3m 5 6C 7B 8B 9B 10D 11C B 12C 13(1) 1 10 10 10 3 ;(2) 2 1 1 1 3 460 60 10-2 14(1) 5012 120 68 727 10 27 10 3 ; 8D 9C 10B 11AC 12D (2) 13(1) 4 (2)8 2 C 14 15 1 2CDBA 3(1) ;(3) ;(2) 4A 5(a)(b)(c) 6328 7 200g; 2(1) 8; ( ) ; 9 ; ; 2 10(1)(2) ( ) (2) ( ) ; ( ); ; (3) ( ); 11 A 12 2 16 200 m 2 6m 3 12t C 1 ; 3(1) (2) (3) (4) 4(1) (2)

(3) (2)mρ /(m+m2-m1) 44 (4) 5 (1) 550 417 m1; (2) 6(1)200 (2)120 (3)3320046 a b m2 7(1)27g/cm 3 ;(2) S=m1ab/m2 3;(3) 2cm 6(1) (2)1 ; 54g 18g;(4) 2 (3) 18g 07cm 3 2cm 3 7(1);(2) m; (3) V1; (4) ;(5) A 1 V2;(6) ρ= m V = m V2-V1 2 ρ = m V 8 3 460 5 (g) 30 083 10 3 9 m1 m2 6C 7A 8A 9C 10B 11ABC V 12 (m2-m1)/v B A 1(1) (2) ρ V 2 3(1)624 (2)200 8 15 10-3 m 3 08 10 3 kg/m 3 24743 3159 10 3 110 159 10 3 (3) ρ = m 427 10 2000 1808 524 V 78 103 5C 6C 7C 4(1) (2) (4) (6) 8m=50g=005kgm+ =105kgm= 5C 6B 7B m+ -m=105-005kg=1kg 8 ; (1) V=V= m 1kg = =10-3 m 3 ρ V1 (2) 10 10 3 kg/m 3 V=V=10-3 m 3 V2 (3) m=ρ V3 (4) (2) V =V2 V=08 103 kg/m 3 10-3 m 3 = -V1 08kg 08kg (5) (2) (6) 9 3 2 1 9 ρ ρ ρ = V m V m V= m 1 1 1 2 1 3 = 6 3 2 10 V=V m+104kg = m C ρ ρ m+104kg m = 1(m1-m0) ρ /(m2-m0) 79 10 3 kg/m 3 27 10 3 kg/m 3 2(1)756 (2) m=54kg 3(1)14321342 11 3

m=ρ V= ρ Sh S = m 100g V= m = 100g 25 10 10 kg ρ 193g/cm 3 ρ h= 25 10 3 kg/m 3 04m 52cm 3 <V =25 10 7 m 2 B 1B 2B 3C 4B 6cm 3 m=ρ V=193g /cm 3 6cm 3 =1158g>m 5D 35kg=35 10 4 g1m 3 =10 6 cm 3 10(1) 35 10 4 g =35 10-2 g a b S=ab 10 6 (2) m 6(1)200 (2)120 (3)3320 (3) (1)1 V1 = m1 5L=5dm 3 =5 10-3 m 3 m1=ρ V1=10 10 3 kg/m 3 5 10-3 m 3 =5kg 1t 1 n= m = 1t kg m1 5kg =103 5kg =200 (2)1 m2=ρ (V0-11 05kg V1)=10 10 3 kg/m 3 (9-5) 10-3 m 3 =4kg mv 10 500g m3=10m2=40kg 10 m4 =100m3 = C 100 40kg=4 10 3 kg=4t 10 m =30m4=30 4t=120t (3) m=ρv=10 10 3 kg/m 3 3320 m 3 =332 10 5 kg= 3320t 548 7 6B 850 417 7B 8C 9ρ =085 103 kg/m 3 m=ρ V=088 10 3 kg/m 3 0015m 3 =132kg 55 132kg 417 /kg (4) S1= m1 m ab 146 2064 10 3 0089 V=3320m 3 3kg 49 4 4 9 10 L= m Sρ 11(1)10g (2)1125g 11 m=ρ V=08 10 3 kg/m 3 0015m 3 =12kg 51 12kg =425 /kg 1 2 3 417/kg 12kg 50 9 4 ρ m V 5 6 7BFEADC 8A 9D 10B 11B 12C 13ABC 14B 15B 16C 17D ρ= m = V 18(1) 100g (2)14 (25 36) (3) 167g/cm 3 6cm <ρ 3 4

19 12 20 m kg h m ρ A S=m/( ρ h) 1 21 2 3 22 4 5C 6D 7D 11ABC 8A 9D 10B 12 23 (1) m1 V1 ; B (2) M; 1 (3) 2A (1) 3 ( ); 4 (2) = (3) 513 1 2 3 460 10 21 80 10-2 5 6 72528 8 9B 10C 11C 12D 13D 14B 6D 7B 8C 9B 10A 11A 12C 13D 14 15 ; 15A 16B 17A 18(1) m V1 1 C V 2 (2) 3 19(1) (2) 4D 5D 6A 7C 8AD m1; m2; 9 V (3) ρ =(m2-m1)/v 20(1) ρ = m1 ρ 10 m3-m2 (2) 11 21 50 12 22 ; ; 5

( ) 2 A 1 211 3 10 8 7900 3 43000 5 m/s km/h 618000m 735min 885 9A 10D 11C 12C 13B 14C 15B 16(1)05h;(2)100km/h;(3)07h B 106 206 24 302 11 4 5 75 505 18 6A 7C 8C 9A 10C 11A 12(1) (2) 13 ; (3) (4) 13(1) ;(2) C C 101 270 1(2)(5)(4)(1)(7)(6)(3) 2(1) 2 200m (2) 15s 25s (3) 12 3(1) (2)111 122 (4) 1 2 3 4 5 6 (s) 0 10 20 30 40 50 (mm) 0 120 222 343 487 611 332 320 3200 3200000 00032 41cm 1mm 1cm 507m 10cm 1cm 6 7DACB 8D 9C 10D 11A 12B 13D 14B 15(1) 1 2 3 (2) 1m cm 2DBAC 3 B 45 54 50 6C 7B 8B 9A 10AD 11B 12(1)1 6000000 (2) 3AB 4D 5 ( ) 6 4A 7 5(1)h=5t 2 (2)1414 8 6(1) ;(2) ;(3) 736km/h 27 1130~1300 8 9 3 m 9(1)5min (2)20m/s 75s 04m/s; 10(1) A (2) 60cm~90cm 1dm cm m mm μm mm (3) 6