1 1 a. 0.5V 5V 1Hz 1MHz b. 0.1% 2 : a. 0.5V 5V 1Hz 1MHz b. 0.1% (3) a. 0.5V 5V 100 s b. 1% 4 1 10 5 1MHz 6 1
2 1 0.1Hz 10MHz 0.5V 5V 0.01% 10s 2 0.5V 5V 1Hz 1kHz 10% 90% 1% 3 1Hz 1MHz 1% EPM7128SLC84-15 LM361 LM361 Zlg7289. 1 7-1 7-1 1 2 7-2 2
7-2 2 3 89c52 ALTERA 7128SLC84-15 1 2 3 3. 1 1 T N f = N/T T 2 1 3 3
4 7-3 CNT1 CNT2 CNT1 CLK1 FS CNT2 CLK F Fxe x 7-3 D Q N S N x F / N = F / N x x S S F =( F / N )* N x S S x 4
δ = ± 2 / N + F / F x S S N T S N S = T S * F 1 MHz δ 1/ N S S S TS 0.1 N S =0.1 100 000 =10 000 δ 1 10 4 2 3 T = N / F WX 4 X S T T 5 WX 1 = [ T WX 1 /T ] 100% 89C52 12M ALE 2M 2 5
D 7-4 7-4 1 PLD 16 T0 T1 8 24 7-5 7-5 2. 6
3 7-6 7-6 4 5 LM361 7-7 7-7 7
LM361. 1 (1) FX Fxe FS T N N s P x F T X P FX N x FS N s s 1 F / N = F / N x x S S F / N = F / N xe x S S + s F =( F / N )* N x S S x F =( F / N xe S S + s )* N x δ = F F xe xe = F xe F F xe x Fxe = F N s 1 xe s s 8
N s s 1 N s δ = Fxe 1 F N xe s N = T F s p s T P FS 2 F s / Fs 2 T F we s T N w x N T = w x F s N ± 1 x T w T w (1/ Fs ) = N x / F s =1/ N x N x = T w * F s Fs T T w =100us F s =1MHz N x =100 w = 1 /100 = 1% T w 16 9
T0 T1 16 32 7-8 / 0~20MHz 10
11
1 1 a. 0 500V b. 0 50A c. 0 25kW d. 0 25kvar e. / 0 1 0 500V 0 50A 0 5V 2 a. 0.000 4.999 b. ± 0.8 5 300V ± 0.8 300V 0.5V ± 2.9V c. ± 1.5 8 d. ± 0.01 3 2 (1) (2) 0.5V 0.01V (3) (4) 1 2 AT89C52 12
PGA103 CD4046 \ 1 / AD637 AD534 7-9 7-9 1 A / D 7-10 2 2 89C52 13
A/D 7-10 1 2 2. 1 1 3 A/D D/A A/D 50 D/A 5 0.5 A/D N A/D 7-11 V V =1+ R 2 R3 N= OUT IN PGA103 1 10 10 1 1 2 7-11 3 3 2 12 A/D AD574 14
LF398 / A/D 7-12 7-12 / 1 2 2 3 U I S=UI 1 P = ( ) uidt T Q = S T 2 0 P cos = P/S 4 2 u(t) = n=0 [ b cosnω 1 t + n an sinnω 1 t] n=0 1 2 3 a n b n b0 15
a1 b 1 T a 1 = ( 2 T ) u( t) sinnω 1 t d t T 0 b 1 = ( 2 T ) u( t) cosnω 1 t d t 0 u(t) u 1 = a 1 sinω 1 t + b 1 cosω1 t a 1 = 2U cosα1 b 1 = 2U sinα1 2 U 1 = 2 1 2 a + 1 b / 2 tg α 1 = b 1 / a 1 U1 a t=0 1 a1 b 1 N 1 a = ( 2 N )[ [ u sin ( 2π / N ) ] 1 k = 1 k N 1 b = ( 2 N )[ [ u cos ( 2π / N ) ] 1 k = 1 k N u K k U = U 2 U 2 1 U U1 U TLC04 7-13 TLC04 50 1 64 TLC04 64Hz Σ 16
U = U 2 U 2 1 7-13 2 / / 64*50=3200Hz / / PD (LPF) (VCO) 7-14 fo=n*fi N 7-14 2 N / 17
2 3 1 6 2 TRULY M12864 7-15 7-15 18
1 PGA103 1 2 P3.4 P3.5 PGA103 P3.4 P3.5 LF398 8 P1.4 2 3 A/D A/D A/D 4 89C52 / 7-16 19
7-16 1 2 100k 16 /div 10 /div 12div 4div 3 0.2s/div 0.2ms/div 10us/div DC 10kHz 8% 4 0.1V/div 1V/div 8% 5 6 AT89C52 A/D RAM CY7C007 EEPROM RAM EPM7128 89C52 7128 7-17 RAM 20
7-17 1 A/D TLC5510 0~2V A/D X9241 7-18 21
OP07 100K 7-18 OP07 CPU X9241 ± 1V 7-19 ± 1V 7-20 +1V A/D 0~2V 7-21 7-19 7-20 7-21 22
23 7-22 ) )( / ( 1 2 1 4 3 O O U U R R U = ) 5 )( (1 9 8 9 10 10 6 3 6 10 6 7 5 4 R R R R R R U R R R R R U + + + =
7-22 Multisim 2 A/D RAM CPU A/D TLC5510 20M a CPU 24
b SRAM 74245 RAM CY7C007 7-23 CPU CPU CLEAR A/D ADD13 A/D RAM ADD13 ADD13 INTEND CPU CPU CLEAR RAM RAM EPM7128 D CLEAR INTEND CLK CPU ADD13 A/D RAM(CY7C007) 7-23 7-24 D CLK CLK RAM A/D CLK 25
CPU 13 RAM 7-25 7-24 EPLD 7-25 EPLD MAXPLUS2 3 GAL16V8 26
GAL16V8 7-26 CPU 573 GAL16V8 RAM EEROM 7-26 4 / ZLG7289 SPI CPU CPU I/O ZLG7289 MSG12864 7-27 7-28 27
7-27 7-28 5 RAM EEPROM CRC CRC 7-29 RAM CPU EEP ROM 7-29 6 5.6KHZ 7-30 28
7-30 AUTO_SET. 5.34K 8 1 super loop backgroud (foregroud) 7-31 29
7-31 30
7-32 X y 7-32 a : Y ( n) = a X ( n) + (1 a) Y ( n 1) a F( 1) = 2πt a t b a [ Y ( n) + Y ( n 1)] Y ( insert) = 2 31
I/O 1% 0.5% 3 1 PLD 6M 2 x9241 x9241. 3 32
4 +/- 5V, +/- 12V4 5V -5V, +/- 12V, 4.5V 5.5V -8V 15V 5 ALTERA-7128S 5V 20mA : 4.2 4.6V 4.2V 260mA 4.6V 440mA; (IN4007) (5V) IN4007 0.7V 300mA ALTERA-7128S 6M 25mA 5V 125mW 1.5W 8 7-33 1 1 8 TTL 100Hz 7-34 2 a 8 b 8 c 8 50k 0.25~4V 16 33
d 20bit 7-33 80ms 10ms Q 0 Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 Q 4 Q 5 Q 6 Q 7 clock 7-34 00000101 2 1 LED 8 2 3 3 3 8 11 01 00 34
3 4 AT89C52 7289 P1 8 10Hz 100Hz 1kHz 10kHz 100Hz D/A 32K RAM D/A 8 8 8 1 7-35 1 1 7-35 y0 y7 8 74LS151 1 DAC0832 35
74LS161 K 10M V0 Y K 1 10M 74LS161 Qa Qb Qc y 8 8 VO 8 y0 y7 DAC0832 D0 8 K 2 8 2 7-36 1 8 1 74LS161 74LS151 74LS138 8 1 74LS161 8 74LS151 8 1 ABC 74LS161 Qa Qb Qc 8 74LS138 3 8 74LS154 D/A 3 8 8 7-36 2 36
3 D/A 8 7-37 P0 8 8 7-37 3 D/A D/A Y 3 8 DAC0800 1 2 3 3 2 1 X-Y X 1 2 x y x y 1 2 8 2 1 y 8 10 8 80 40ms 20ms 8 37
20 ms = 256 us 20 8 4KHz 20 20 20 10 8 ms = 25. 6 us 1 7-38 7-39 (1) 7289 8 0 7-38 1 P0 TTL TTL P0 2 0.25 4V 38
7289 DAC0800 8 RAM62256 32K 7-39 2 1 8 100Hz 8 P1 7289 8 74ALS245 TTL 2 50KΩ J-FET LF356 LF356 20MHz 100Hz 7-40 0.25 4V 16 LM311 DAC0832 7-41 DAC0832 DAC0832 39
LM311 200ns 3 8 7-40 7-41 8 8 8 Y 40
7-42 8 8 8 P1.3 LM311 V ± 15 DAC0800 100ns 8 7-42 4 8 80 bit 32k byte RAM 62256 P1 8 P1.3 P1.4 5 7289 7-43 zlg7289 8 LED 4 4 /CS CLK DIO /KEY 8MHz 7289 41
7-43 7-44 0 1 10Hz 100Hz 1KHz 10KHz 42
7-46 7-47 43
0 1 10Hz 100Hz 1KHz 10KHz + 3 7-44 7-45 7-46 7-47 C C 8 44
RAM (1) COS 5021CH 8 0 20MHz 5mV/div 0.02us/div (2) Tektronix TDS 210 60MHz 1GS/s 2500 (3) FLUKE 45 ( 8 ) 0.01 300.0M 1 10Hz 100Hz 1KHz 10KHz 2 8 8 8 0.25 4V 0.25V 16 80bit +, LED 80 bit 8 4 4 45
A B A B 7-48 7-49 U1 + C Uo1 A R R P + B C Uo2 Uo3 GND 7-50 1 1 7-48 a 20Hz 20kHz b 100k Ω c - 1V 5V d 2 e 46
f 0 o ~359.9 o 0.1 2 7-50 a 100Hz 1kHz 10kHz b 45 45 c AB - 0.3V 5V 2 1 7-50 a 20Hz 20kHz 20Hz b A B - 0.3V 5V c 0 359 1 d 2-0.3V 5V 3 4 LM311 D DDS CPLD. 1. Tc Mx fx Mx/Tc Tc Mx 47
Tx Mo fx Mo/Tx 7-51 Tc Td Mo Mx To fx fomx/mo fx fo 7-51 2. RC A/D 48
( 1. 74HC4046 EPROM / D/A 7-52 ICL8038 7-53 7-52 74HC4046 7-53 ICL8038 DDS EPROM / D/A 49
7-54 7-54 DDS DDS DDS CPLD 2. DDS RAM RAM RAM, RAM RAM DDS 50
CPLD EPM7128SLC84 15. 1. Ui Uo t T ϕ = ( t T ) 360 1 1 t T t T 7-55 100ms Γ Γ T M Γ TM 1 Γ M 2 Γ 100MHz n 3 Γ 100MHz 50 m 7-55 T= 50m f 0 51
Mt n f0 n = 360 = 360 = 360 MT 50m f 50m ϕ 2 0 20kHz 0.1 o 0.1 1 Tw = o 6 360 100 10 13.9ns 3 0.1 a f 20Hz 20kHz f 0 f f 0 a 360 4 7-56 CPLD 52
f 0 60MHz 0.1 16.67kHz f 0 100MHz 0.1 27.78kHz 20Hz~20kHz 0.1 100MHz CPLD 7-56 CLK 100MHz CLK 50 X Q test CLK50 2MHz 50 74LS393 CPLD 100MHz CPLD EPM7128SLC84 7 1 7-57 PHASE0 PHASEI LM311 PHASE0<0 (PHASEI<0) U1-7 (U2-7) PHASE0 (PHASEI) U1-7 (U2-7) PHASE0 (PHASEI) LM311 U1-7 (U2-7) PHASE0(PHASEI) U1-7 (U2-7) 7 57 53
PHASE0 PHASEI D PHASE0 PHASEI PHASE0 U3A U3A-Q U3B PHASEI U3B U3B-/Q U3A PHASE0 U3A-Q / 7-58 7-58 f f CP M 0 φ = 360 f M f CP 2 I/O D D D D 100MHz M CPLD 54
2. (1) DDS 7-59 DDS A/D 7-59 DDS DDS EPROM 1 0 359 360 (2) 89C52 2 62256 CPLD(EPM7128SLC84-15) CPLD 7-60 74LS373 8 8fadd 24 74374 24 9 RAM RAM DAC n DDS 2 n TTL 8fadd 8 8 na 2 =256 2 55
(a ) =360 (256 512) 3 8fadd 9 RAM 1 360 9 512 9 360 N C C N C C=152 15 9 360 2 1 RAM DDS RAM D/A f K out f 2 N out = Kf C C f N 24M 6 15 f out = (24 10 K) (2 512) = 1. 4305K Hz N K=1 f f 2 = 1.4305 Hz out f K : out C f out = Kf C N f C N 24M 6 15 f out = (24 10 K) (2 360) = 2. 0345K Hz N K=1 f f 2 = 2.0345 Hz out C 56
K 10Hz K (3) D/A 7-61 D/A DAC0832 DA0800 DA0800 RAM DDS DAC0832 DAC0800 7-60 CPLD 7-61 D/A 57
(4) D/A 7-62 7-62 3. 7-63 NE5532 7-63 58
U U IN U R R k1 k OUT 2 5 5 0 k 1 0 k 1 2 πfcr = 1 U 3 jωcr(1 k) + k = 1+ jωcr U IN OUT1 45 45 Multisim2001 3 1 R 5 3 1 Ri1 /k Ci1 /nf Ri2 /k Ci2 /nf / khz 10(i=1) 22 1 10 1 1(i=2) 22 10 10 10 0.1(i=3) 22 100 10 100 4. 7289 7-64 59
7-64 zlg7289 8 LED 16 8MHz 7289 5. 7 65 7-65. 1. 7-66 100ms 2. 7-67 60
A B. MAX+plus CPLD 7 1 7 2 61
7 3 1. 7 1 AFG310 TDS210 FLUKE 0.01Hz~16MHz 0.050V~10.00V 60MHz 1GS/s 5 HY1711-3S 0 30V 0 3A TDS3032B 300M 2.5GS/s 2. / khz / V 0.3 1 3 5 / khz / V 7 2 0.01 0.1 1 5 10 / 39.34 15.80 31.58 137.5 7.232 / 39.3 15.7 31.5 136.9 7.3 / 107.1 43.10 86.82 182.9 39.01 / 107.4 43.3 86.4 182.5 39.2 / 277.0 93.29 126.7 273.2 99.74 / 277.3 93.0 126.5 273.3 100.1 / -1.451 126.5 154.8 330.8 123.2 / -0.9 125.4 154.6 329.5 123.3 10 15 20 40 50.3 1 3 5 / 157.8 29.50 222.8 4.957 87.79 / 157.1 30.8 223.6 5.1 88.3 / 221.0 126.6 269.4 85.34 183.2 / 220.5 126.4 269.8 86.0 183.6 / 278.4 225.9 327.9 184.3 271.0 / 277.8 225.8 328.4 184.3 271.8 / 331.9 326.5 18.10 334.8 12.03 / 331.5 326.4 18.9 334.6 12.1 62
7 3 20Hz~20kHz 0.3 5.0V 10Hz~50kHz 100 kω 0.2~5V 2 0.1 AFG310 7 4 7 4 KHz 0.1 45 55 57 0.3V 5V 0.2V 6V 1 45 55 57 0.3V 5V 0.2V 6V 100 45 53 58 0.3V 5V 0.2V 6V 7 5 63
7 5 20Hz~20kHz 20Hz 20Hz~50kHz 2Hz 0.3 5.0V 0 359 1 0.3 5.0V 0 359. 1. (1) T fx fs M N fx E fx M/N fs 5 E M/M+N/N+fs/fs 6 6 T 1 emax 1/N= 1(T fs) (2) Tx fs Tw Nx Tx = Nx fs N 1 x 64
Tw = (1/ fs) =1/ Nx Tw Nx / fs Nx Tx fs 100MHz CPLD 2. CPLD 24MHz N 2 (N ), C h 1 N 2 360 h 2 1 7-68 7-68 65
1. 1 / 2 h 2 7-68 20~150( / ) ± 10% ± 1 3 3 4 h 1 2~3cm 2. 16 16 ( ) 1 a b c d 2 a b c 3 4 1 2 250 3 1.25 4 20 66
1ml 0.1ml 5 1.8m 6 7 2 c 2 2 3cm 16 RS485 Windows. 89C52 1 1 2 3 67
2 1 2 3 1 16 2 RS232 RS232 3 RS485 RS485 16 RS232 20m RS232 RS485 128 RS485 RS422 RS485 RS485 68
4 1 2 PID PID 1 89C52 7-69 7-68 h 2 7-69 2 69
1 7-70 2 a. AD623 7-70 b. 70
20 / 150 / 4 c. LM311 7-71 3 7289 3 LED 7-6 7-6 0 9 0 9 71
0 2 3 4 5 7 7-7 8 LED 7289 4 30 40mV 7-72 7-72 5 h 2 57BYGH203 0.9/1.8 DEG 500V DC 100M 500V AC 1 MINUTE 72
65K 10 55 C B SH2024A PWM 0.5 2A 15 36V 1.5A 7-73. ( ) 1 7-747-75 7-74 7-75 7-74 AD623 73
AD623 A d R G ( R G ) uod 100k Ad = = 1+ 3 1 uid RG 10k 11 1000 4 2 7-75 Multisim AD623 11 R G 10k 56Hz R G 2 3V 2V 3.5V 3 2 3 5 2.25V 7-76 4 74
LM311 ± 5V ± 12V 5 1 2 3 4 75
7-76 6 220V PID PID - s(k) e(k) u(k) y(k) 7-77 PID PID 1 Pout = Kp ek ( ) + Ki ek ( ) + Kd [ ek ( ) ek ( 1)] 3 2 e k 2 P= Pout( k) Pout( k 1) = Kp [ ek ( ) ek ( 1)] + Ki ek ( ) + Kd [ ek ( ) 2 ek ( 1) + ek ( 2)] 3 3 :e(t) e(t)= e(t) + e(t-1) + e(t-2)+ +e(1), 76
e(t) e(t-1) Ti Ti Ti PI PID 0 PID,PD, PD PID PID Kp Ki Kd Kp 5 Ki 5 Kd 2 1 RS485 77
2. 7-78 7-79 7-80. ( ) 1. 0 255 / 30 2. 1 2 3 3. 78
4. ( ) HY1711-3S 2 TDS210 1 1 ( ) 7-8 / 30 / 5 65 63 65 65 65 64 65 32 32 31 31 32 33 31 78 76 79 78 79 78 78 95 93 93 94 96 95 96 110 108 110 109 110 112 110 123 123 125 123 124 124 125 7-9 / / / 70 50 49 108 84 40 39 114 56 90 90 112 7-10 / ± 10 ± 1 35 130 112 130 35 127 20 150 / 35 130 79
. 1 30 6 v1+ v2+ v3+ v4+ v5+ v6 v = 5 1 6 v v0 100 5 2 v0 5 2 1.2% 2 5 2 v v 0 v0 100 1.5% 130 180 3 3. ( ) 1 5 2 80
h 2 35 130 / ± 10% ± 1 1.5% 3 130 180 3 4 h 1 2 3cm ( ) 16 16 128 1 1 2 3 4 2 1 2 3 a b c d 3 RS485 4 1 2 128 3 Windows ( ) 81
128 Windows 82