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38 1 2014 1 Vol. 38No. 1 January 2014 51 Population Research 2010 2010 2010 65 100028 Changing Lineal Families with Three Generations An Analysis of the 2010 Census Data Wang Yuesheng Abstract In contemporary China lineal families with three generations have been a typical family formation since the early 1980s. However this trend differs between urban and rural areas. When children growing up in urban one-child familiesespecially after their marriage and childbearingmost of them would not change their preference for a small family. In rural areas the number of families with only one son has increased since the early 1980s. When growing upmost of those sons work outside the villages. Once getting married and bearing child they need help from their parents for housework and childcare. Since such family arrangement is beneficial to young peopleits proportion has increased. The majority of the householders of lineal families with three generations were in the middle and early old age in 2010 and their family function of supporting elderly has been weakened. More than half of the lineal families with three generations have no members aged 65 and above in 2010. At the same timethe infant proportion of the lineal families with three generations has gradually increased since the early 1980s. The function of taking care of children has been enhanced in this kind of family. Keywords Lineal Family with Three GenerationsFamily FunctionCensus Data Author Wang Yuesheng is Research Fellow Institute of Population and Labor EconomicsChinese Academy of Social Sciences. Beijing100028 Email wangysh12@ 163. com

52 38 1982 1% 1982 1990 2000 1 1. 1 2008 1 2 3

1 53 1. 2 1. 2. 1 2000 1982 1990 2006 1. 2. 2 2011 2011 2013 1. 2. 3 2010 1% 1982 1990 2000 2

54 38 2. 1 1 1982 ~ 2010 30 1 1982 Table 1 Proportion of Lineal Families with Three Generations and Total Lineal Families in the Four Census Years % 1982 1990 2000 2010 16. 43 16. 48 16. 62 16. 54 21. 75 21. 32 21. 72 22. 99 75. 54 77. 30 76. 52 71. 94 1 2010 1% 1982 1990 2000 1982 1% 1990 1% 2000 1% 70% 2010 2000 5. 99% 2. 2 2 1982 Table 2 Comparison of Proportion of Urban and Rural Lineal Families with Three Generations in the Four Census Years % 1982 1990 2000 2010 13. 21 17. 5 13. 43 17. 51 12. 51 18. 98 11. 27 20. 27 18. 85 22. 82 18. 54 22. 47 16. 26 24. 84 15. 28 28. 52 70. 08 76. 69 72. 44 77. 93 76. 94 76. 41 73. 76 71. 07 2 1990 2010 1990 16. 08% 15. 76% 1982 1990 2000 77% 2010 71% 2000 1990 1990

1 55 3 3. 1 1 1982 30 25 ~ 59 69. 81% 60 18. 79% 65 10. 91% 24 2. 04% 50 40 ~ 59 46. 64% 41. 6% 60 33. 51% 65 21. 98% 24 0. 51% 25 ~ 39 19. 33% 37. 55% 1982 25 ~ 59 24 0. 52% 2. 04% 1 /3 80 1 1982 2 2000 Figure 1 Age Distribution of Householders of Lineal Families Figure 2 Age Distribution of Householders of Lineal with Three Generations in 1982 Families with Three Generations in 2000 2000 50 60 14. 15% 30 15. 05% 25 ~ 59 58. 17% 81. 09% 40 ~ 59 36. 74% 43. 66% 1982 46. 64% 41. 6% 60 41. 33% 17. 64% 2000 2 3 2010 1982 2000 40. 05% 53. 27%

56 38 9. 01% 22. 01% 60 7. 40% 60. 32% 2010 39 20% 3 2010 4 Figure 3 Age Distribution of Householders of Lineal Figure 4 Age Distribution of Members of Lineal Families Families with Three Generations in 2010 with Three Generations in the Four Census Years 1982 3. 2 3. 2. 1 4 1982 1990 65 70 75 80 50% 2010 35 60 70 70 2010 1982 32. 71% 2000 22. 73% 75 36. 68% 28. 52% 80 35. 70% 22. 33% 5 6 5 1982 1990 25 0 50 70 40% 1982 1990 2000 2010 60 1982 1990 65 2000 75 39. 21% 1982 23. 24% 2010 32. 19% 1982 36. 98% 2000 17. 90%

1 57 5 6 Figure 5 Age Distribution of Members of Lineal Figure 5 Age Distribution of Members of Lineal Families with Three Generations in Urban Areas in the Four Census Years Families with Three Generations in Rural Area in the Four Census Years 61982 1990 25 20 60 75 51. 95% 52. 88% 2000 2010 25 34. 72% 41. 05% 2010 34. 94% 70 1 /3 2010 3. 2. 2 50 55 60 1982 50 ~ 64 11. 48% 12. 8% 15. 89% 18. 48% 2010 1982 60. 97% 2000 16. 30% 11. 2% 12% 15. 30% 17. 66% 2010 1982 57. 68% 2000 15. 42% 7 Figure 7 7 Age Distribution of Members within Lineal Families with Three Generations in the Four Census Years

58 38 2010 0 ~ 14 25 30 35 55 2000 1990 1982 1982 1990 2000 2010 14 34. 05% 27. 19% 24. 63% 21. 95% 2010 14 20% 50 ~ 60 2000 15. 20% 17. 66% 65 2000 12. 68% 11. 87% 4 4. 1 4. 1. 1 65 65 3 1982 1990 2000 65 1990 2010 50% 1982 12. 96% 16. 77% 2000 10. 63% 11. 21% 3 1982 65 Table 3 Changing Numbers of the Elderly Aged 65 and above in Lineal Families with Three Generations since 1982 % 1982 1990 2000 2010 0 43. 66 43. 95 48. 93 43. 07 45. 20 47. 46 50. 85 53. 27 1 49. 28 48. 78 42. 26 47. 79 42. 33 41. 82 34. 56 34. 36 2 6. 97 7. 18 8. 72 9. 07 12. 47 10. 63 14. 48 12. 29 3 + 0. 09 0. 09 0. 08 0. 08 0. 07 0. 09 56. 34 56. 05 51. 06 56. 94 54. 87 52. 54 49. 04 46. 65 2010 2 2 2010 50% 65

1 59 4. 1. 2 75 4 4 Table 4 Function of Elderly Support in Different Types of Families in the Three Census Years % 1982 2000 2010 75 ~ 79 14. 80 11. 66 48. 10 2. 65 3. 21 8. 50 12. 91 24. 80 39. 21 4. 60 1. 81 6. 22 15. 68 35. 33 27. 72 6. 05 0. 99 3. 65 80 ~ 84 15. 03 6. 96 50. 59 3. 01 6. 12 9. 36 14. 61 15. 80 38. 07 8. 35 4. 45 7. 38 17. 27 25. 87 27. 93 10. 36 2. 94 4. 44 85 + 13. 49 3. 76 46. 72 4. 48 8. 86 11. 66 13. 49 7. 05 35. 48 14. 22 12. 52 8. 38 21. 08 13. 93 27. 07 15. 38 7. 81 5. 21 75 ~ 79 15. 59 11. 54 51. 80 1. 89 4. 59 4. 17 10. 56 17. 10 47. 72 6. 53 4. 53 4. 43 15. 14 24. 54 34. 65 7. 90 3. 56 5. 31 80 ~ 84 17. 66 7. 62 48. 95 2. 32 8. 49 5. 74 11. 86 10. 60 41. 67 11. 70 9. 43 5. 30 16. 74 17. 52 33. 17 11. 85 6. 60 5. 05 85 + 18. 73 4. 29 42. 54 4. 24 13. 01 8. 05 11. 80 5. 92 33. 29 16. 73 14. 86 7. 11 16. 94 9. 22 27. 12 18. 16 12. 98 6. 08 4 1982 75 75 80 2000 2010 2010 1982 42. 37% 44. 79% 42. 06% 2000 29. 30% 27. 35% 23. 40% 75 2010 2000 27. 39% 20. 40% 18. 53% 2010 75 85 2010 85 1982 243. 30% 328. 30% 2000 8. 16% 8. 55% 75 2010 2000 40% 20% 65 75 65 1 /3 85 4. 2

60 38 5 5 Table 5 Function of Raising Children in Different Types of Families in the Three Census Years % 1982 0 46. 15 11. 52 31. 82 1. 68 0. 80 7. 00 50. 68 6. 68 34. 97 2. 42 0. 75 3. 62 1 52. 67 12. 86 25. 92 1. 03 1. 03 5. 46 56. 26 7. 12 30. 36 1. 70 0. 77 2. 94 2 56. 85 14. 25 22. 31 0. 78 0. 94 3. 92 59. 29 8. 42 27. 24 1. 25 0. 75 2. 21 3 58. 37 15. 13 20. 86 0. 56 1. 10 3. 00 60. 73 9. 34 25. 42 0. 96 0. 73 1. 82 4 58. 70 16. 31 19. 87 0. 47 1. 13 2. 48 60. 88 10. 27 24. 59 0. 82 0. 70 1. 57 5 58. 58 17. 17 19. 15 0. 45 1. 16 2. 11 60. 86 11. 21 23. 83 0. 72 0. 69 1. 25 0 ~ 5 54. 81 14. 41 23. 71 0. 87 1. 01 4. 13 58. 07 8. 85 27. 76 1. 32 0. 73 2. 24 2000 0 48. 10 6. 96 36. 96 1. 86 1. 38 3. 79 38. 19 3. 87 47. 15 4. 01 2. 50 3. 55 1 49. 98 7. 44 34. 85 1. 73 1. 64 3. 72 42. 18 4. 97 41. 67 3. 46 4. 01 2. 88 2 56. 52 5. 96 29. 92 1. 16 2. 32 3. 48 45. 20 6. 00 37. 95 2. 61 4. 62 2. 45 3 57. 38 5. 56 30. 60 1. 09 2. 10 2. 74 48. 65 5. 85 34. 31 2. 29 5. 26 2. 15 4 60. 68 5. 98 25. 85 1. 13 2. 48 2. 93 50. 77 6. 61 32. 23 1. 69 5. 00 1. 81 5 62. 37 6. 73 23. 69 0. 76 2. 20 3. 46 52. 20 7. 25 30. 51 1. 43 5. 14 1. 74 0 ~ 5 56. 06 6. 43 30. 10 1. 27 2. 03 3. 35 52. 20 7. 25 30. 51 1. 43 5. 14 1. 74 2010 0 44. 33 6. 31 40. 33 1. 70 1. 85 2. 38 23. 04 4. 95 52. 73 4. 82 5. 92 4. 02 1 46. 22 7. 20 37. 43 1. 46 3. 02 2. 27 25. 92 5. 58 48. 62 3. 96 7. 79 3. 51 2 51. 35 7. 31 33. 68 1. 02 2. 79 2. 08 28. 81 6. 03 45. 00 3. 09 8. 95 3. 39 3 50. 36 7. 30 34. 64 1. 10 2. 69 2. 00 30. 77 6. 59 42. 72 2. 92 9. 19 3. 15 4 56. 49 6. 96 29. 47 0. 72 2. 93 1. 83 34. 33 6. 99 40. 45 1. 87 8. 92 2. 86 5 56. 03 7. 23 29. 47 0. 82 3. 11 1. 81 37. 28 7. 37 38. 02 1. 89 8. 47 2. 20 0 ~ 5 50. 93 7. 08 34. 03 1. 13 2. 76 2. 05 30. 07 6. 26 44. 51 3. 07 8. 25 3. 19 5 1982 2000 0 2010 0 ~ 5 0 1982 1 /3 1982 30

1 61 2000 2010 2010 1982 5 1982 2010 18. 94% 1982 1990 1990 2010 1990 26. 92% 2000 1982 2010 65 85 2010

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