AICAR生物程序處理工業廢水案例研究

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1 AICAR (bulking) 10,000 mg/l MLSS COD COD (AICAR) activated sludge bacteria protozoa rotifer fungi substrate mass transfer secondary clarifier bioflocculation

excess sludge 1 inflow outflow recycle 1.

2 excess sludge 1 inflow outflow recycle (Sezgin, Jenkins and Parker,1978) (microbial ecology) (extra-celluar polymer, ECP) (Liao et. al.,2001) (Kim and Pipes, 1999) (filamentous microorganisms) (non-filamentous microorganisms) 2 (Sezgin et. al., 1978)

3 MLSS : (1) (2) (3) NocardiaMicrothrix parcicella type021n type1701 (1) ph (2) (F/M) (sludge retention time, SRT) 3 SRT (Microthrix parvicella Thiothrix spp.) SRT(Sphaerotilus natuns type 0092) Table1. Comparisn of dominant filamentous organisms in bulking and foaming acivated sludge form several geographical areas (ranking in order of prevalence) Filamentous Organism USA Netherlands Germany South Africa Colorado USA Nocardia spp Type _ 1 Type021N _ 10 Type Thiothrix spp _ 5 Sphaerotilus natans Microthrix parvicella Type Haliscomenobacter hydrossis Type _ Type _ Nostocoida limicola Type Type _ Type _ Beggiatoa spp Fungi _ Type _

4 Table 2. Causes of filamentous bacteria filaments Sphaerotilus natans, Type 1701, Haliscomenibacter hydrossis. Favored operational parameter Low levels of dissolved oxygen. Low F / M, Longer sludge ages or higher mean cell residence times. Microthrix parvicella, Nocardia spp. High F / M, Short sludge age ( <5 days ) Haliscomenibacter hydrossis, Type 021N, OO41/ 0675, 0092, 0581, 0961, 0803, Type 1863 Thiothrix spp. Sphaerotilus natans, Type 021N, Haliscomenibacter hydrossis, Type OO41/ Sphaerotilus natans, Thiothrix spp. Type 1851, Nitrogen or phosphorus deficiency in mixed liquors. Readily biodegradable soluble substrates. Slowly biodegradable or particulate substrates. Low ph ( < 6 ) Presence of H2S and septic wastewater provides energy source for mixotrophic growth 3 Jenkins et. al., 1993) Eikelboom ( 3) :

5 Table 3 Characteristic for identification of filamentous microorganisms Test No Remarks Branching 1 No Branching(-), false branching(fb), real branching(rb) Motility 2 Non-motile(-), motile(+) Filament Shape 3 Curved, strait, bent, coiled etc. Filament Length 4 Expressed in m Morphological Characteristics Attached Growth Other bacterial cells attached to filaments surface(+) no 5 attached growth(-) (Eikelboom and van Sheath 6 Visible reaction(+), invisible(-) Buijsen, 1981 and Crosswalls Visibility 7 Visible reaction(+), invisible(-) Kohno, 1987) Cell Diameter 8 Expressed in m Cell Length 9 Expressed in m Cell Shape 10 Coccus, square, discus-shaped, rectangular, rod-shaped Constrictions 11 Visible reaction(+), invisible(-) Staining(Eikelboom Gram Staining 12 Positive reaction(+), negative reaction(-) and van Buijsen, 1981) Neisser Staining 13 Positive reaction(+), negative reaction(-) Physiological Characteristics (Kohno, 1987) Sulfur Test 14 Sulfur deposits formed(+), no sulfur deposits(-) MLSS DO 4 (selector) NaOCl H 2 O 2 4 AICAR AICAR AICAR

6 :(1). ( / )(2). (3). (4). (5). 2.AICAR AICAR :(1). (2). (3). DO COD MLSS (4). (5). (6). (7). AICAR 5 6 (5) ( 6) 5 AICAR 3. (1).

7 a. b. SRT (2). a. b. c. (, 7) 6 AICAR 7 AICAR

8 1. ( AICAR) : a. : b. : 4000 m 3 /day c. : UASB+AICAR d.aicar : mg/l e. : two plug flow reactors (6000 m 3 ) SVI ml/g-mlss SVI ml/g-mlss SS mg/l SS 30 mg/lcod 25% COD mg/l mg/l ( 8) AICAR mg/lsvi ml/g-mlss 6500~7500 mg MLSS/L 0.07 kg COD/kg-MLSS-dayAICAR COD Influent COD Effluent COD 0 0-Jan-00 5-Jan Jan Jan-00 Time 8 PTA AICAR COD

9 4. (CASR) AICAR Item CASR AICAR Parameter HRT days 2 2 MLSS mg/l 1,800~2,200 4,000~5,000 VLR Kg COD/m 3 -d 0.89~ ~0.72 F/M Kg COD/kg 0.48~ ~0.20 VSS-d SVI ml/g-mlss 200~250 50~80 Performance COD efficiency % TA efficiency % p-tol efficiency % HRT: Hydraulic Retention time VLR: Volumetric Loading Rate 2. ( AICAR) PU : a.: PU b.: 1000 m3/day c.: d.aicar : mg/l e.aicar : mg/l f.: reactors m 3 )( g.svi=320 ml/g-mlss AICAR 9 AICAR COD MLSS COD 150 mg/l MLSS 8,000 mg/l 0.15 kg COD/kg-MLSS-day 9 PU AICAR COD

10 PC/PLC V-SCADA 10 ph 600 DO 0 mg/lph ( ph 8.1) 600 DO 6.0 mg/l ph 11 ORP 10 AICAR DO ph 11 AICAR ORP

11 3. (AICAR) AICAR : a.: b.: 4000 c.: m3/day UASB+AICAR d.aicar : mg/l e.aicar : COD=50 mg/l f.: two plug flow 800m reactors( 3 ) g.svi= 100 ml/g-mlss AICAR COD MLSS (1). AICAR 1kg COD/m 3 -day BOD (F/M) kg BOD/kg MLVSS-day (2).pH ph ph ph ph (3).(Dissolved oxygen) DO COD DO DO DO 6mg/L DO COD (4). MLSS(Mixed Liquor Suspended Solid) MLSS SBR MLSS 2000~8000mg/L 8000mg/L MLSS (5).(Sludge Volume Index, SVI) SVI SBR SVI ml/g

12 MLSS SVI 50 SVI 150 SVI (7). SBR AICAR AICAR COD 1. Jenkins, D., Richard M. G. and Daigger T. D. (1993) Manual on the causes

13 and control of sludge bulking and foaming, 2 nd Chelsea. ed. Lewis Publisher, 2. Kim, Y. and Pipes, W. O. (1999) Factors influencing suspended solids concentrations in activated sludge settling tanks, J. Hazardous Materials, B67, pp Liao, B. Q., Allen, D.G., Droppo, I. G., Leppard, G. G. and Liss, S. N. (2001) Surface properties of sludge and their role in bioflocculation and settleability, Wat. Res., Vol. 35, No. 2, pp Sezgin, M., Jenkins, D. and Parker, D. S. (1978) A unified theory of filamentous activated sludge bulking, JWPCF, 50, 2, pp , Mino, T. (1995) Survey on filamentous microorganisms in activated sludge processes in Bangkok, Thailand. Wat. Sci. Tech. 31 (9), pp Madoni, P., Davoli, D. and Gibin, G. (2000) Survey of filamentous microorganisms from bulking and forming activated-sludge plants in Italy. Wat. Res. 34(6), pp Eikelboom, D. H., van Buijsen, H.J.J. (1981) Microscopic Sludge Investigation Manual. TNO Research Institute for Environmental Hygiene. 9. Eikelboom, D.H., (2000) Process Control of Activated Sludge Plants by Microscopic Investigation, 1 st ed, IWA publishing, UK, pp Wanner, J., (1994) Activated Sludge Bulking and Foaming Control, 1 st ed, Technomic Publishing Co., Inc, Lancaster, USA, pp Seviour, R.J. and L.L. Blackall, (1999) The Microbiology of Activated Sludge, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp

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<4D6963726F736F667420576F7264202D2031C0B3A5CEA5FAC4B2B443A7F7AEC6B262A4C6B944B8F4AAC5AEF0A4A7ACE3A8732E646F63> 工業污染防治第 97 期 (Jan. 2006) 69 廢水處理廢水生物處理程序常見問題實務探討張聖雄 * 陳見財 ** 陳良棟 *** 摘要由於廢水生物處理變化性大, 於大型工廠因經費及人力充足, 操作維護上較無問題 ; 然於中小型工廠則限於經費