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1 :. /..... 医疗的知情同意与个人自由和责任从肖志军拒签事件切入 * 苏力从肖志军拒签事件切入, 在社会科学的背景下, 本文具体分析了医疗法律中的知情同意紧急情况强制救治亲属签字等某些微观制度的安排, 力求在患者权利的法律保护以及相关社会和制度背景下展示这些制度的实践意义和可能后果 ; 分析了患者无法回避的责任 ; 并针对中国相关法律制度, 提出了一些完善相关法律的建议医疗法侵权法知情同意紧急救治个人自由可怜之人, 必有可恨之处俗语, (?), ( ) ( ),, ;,,,,, ;, ;, ;,, 1!, ; ; 2, 3, 4,, * ( zd ),, :,,,, ;,. % ; (. ). % (,, );. % (, ), ;,, A,,

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3 ,, 1,,,,,, ( ),,,, ; ;,,,,,,,,, 12,,, ;, 13,,,, 14, 15 :,, ;,, ;, ;,,, :, ( ),,,, 16.,,,,, 17,, ; , JulieA.DaviesandPaulT.Hayden, GlobalIsuesinTortLaw, Thomson/West,, p. f., EmergencyMedicalTreatmentandActiveLaborAct,.U.S.C. dd.((b)( ),,, A?,,, BaryR.Furowetal., HealthLaw:Cases, MaterialsandProblems, thed., Thomson/West, (material),, (Marsingilv.O'Maley, P. d ; Alas), (esential), (Sheterv.Rochele, P. d?; Ariz.App.),,, :,,,, (batery/asault),, Schmeltzv.Tracy, Conn.,, A. ( );Loganv.GrenwichHospital Asn., Conn., -, A. d ( ). NewYorkTimesCo.v.Sulivan, U.S. ( ),,,,,,,, 8, ; :,, A

4 , ;,,, 18,,,,,, 19,,, 20,,,, 21,,,,, ;,,,, ;,,,, ; 2 (, ),, ; 23,,,,, 24, ;, 25,,,,, 26 27, (, ), , ( ) ;,,, ;,,, ;,,, :?, htp://springlaw.blog..com/blog/static/ /, :,,, ; 17, :,, A ;,,,, A, ( ) [ ] ;,, 10 :, ; (, :, ( ),, ),,,,,, Parkerv.Parker, So. d (Fla. );Martinv.Pierce, Ark. ( );B.E.B., v.r.l.b., P. d (Ala, ),,, BrieS.Rogers, ThePresumptionofPaternityinChildSuportCases:ATriumphofLawoverBiology, UniversityCincinnatiLawReview, vol.,, p. f,,?,, A

5 ,?, ;,,, ` ', 28 ( ),,, ;, ;,,,,, 29,, ;,,, (ejusdem generis),, ; 30 ;,,,,,, ;, 31,,,, ;,.?,,,,,,, 32,,,?,?, ; 3 ( emergency; urgence; Notstand);,, ;, :,, A,, RichardA.Posner, EconomicAnalysisofLaw, thed., Litle, Brown, andcompany,, pp. - ;, Restatement(Second)ofTorts, D, (a), (b),,,,,,??,,,? 17, ; 8,,,,,,,, ( ),,, :,,, ; : ( ),,

6 34,,, ;, ;,,, ;,,,,,,,,,, ;,,?,,??,,, ;,,,,,, :., ( ) ;. (, ),, ;., ( ) ;., /,, 35 36,, ;,,,?,,?,,,,,,,? ;,, ,,,

7 37,,, ;, ; ;, ; ;,?,, 38 39, ; 40,, :,, ; :,,, 41,????,,,?,?,,, 42,,,,.,, ;,,,,???,,,? 43 ( ),, ;,,,,,,, , ;,, RichardA.Posner, FrontiersofLegalTheory, HarvardUniversityPres,, ch. ;, CasR.Sunstein, ed., BehavioralLawandEconomy, CambridgeUniversityPres,, ch.. %, 2,, (legalpositivism) (doctrinalanalysis);, (normativeanalysis), 8, 7 [ ] :,,, ;[ ] :,,, :, RichardA.Epstein, SimpleRulesforaComplexWorld, HarvardUniversityPres,.

8 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, /, /, ;, 45,, 46,,,,,,,, /,,, ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ), ; ( ),,, ( );,, 47,, ( ),,,,,, ;,,?,,,,,,,,,,, , :,, Cobbev.Grant Cal. d ( ). Berkeyv.Anderson, Cal.App. d ( )(, );Bangv.CharlesT.MilerHospital, Minn. ( )(, );andcornv.french, Nev. ( )(, ),, :,, ;, :,, A, ;,

9 ,,,,?, ;,,,,,,,, /,,,,,, /,?,??,,?,,,, ( );,,, 48. : v. ( ),,, ;,,, 49,, ;,,,,,, :,,? 50,, (stateinterest),,,??,, ;,,,, /, ; ;,,,,!,?,, :,, 26, ; 47, ; 47, ;, : :?,, A,,,, ;,,,

10 ,,, ;,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,, 51,,, 52,?,, ;, ;,,,,,, ;,,,, /,, /,, ;,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,?,?,,,,, ( ),,,, , DaviesandHayden, p. RobertB.Leflar, InformedConsentandPatients' RightsinJapan, HoustonLawReview, vol.,, p..

11 56,,,,,,,., ;,,,,,,,, 53,,,,,,,,,, :, ;, ;, 54,, ;, ;,,, 5 ( ),,,,, ; ; 57,,,, ;, ;, 58,, 59,, ,,,, ;,,, ;,?,, 1, p , Barfieldv.SouthHighlandInfirmary, Ala. ( ),, (incapacitated),,,, 53 : :,,,, 53

12 60,,, :,, ; 61,,, 62,,,,, ` ' ; 63 ( ),, 64, 65,, 6-67 :,,,,, 68 69,,,, 70,?,,,,?,,,, 71,,,, , Milerv.RhodeIslandHosp., A. d (R.I. ), ;,, Cardwelv.Bechtol, S.W. d? (Tenn. ) 53 1, p.. BasilS.MarkersinisandHannesUnberath, TheGermanLawofTorts, AComparativeTreatise, thed., HartPublishing,, p.. JeroenKortmann, AltruisminPrivateLaw:LiabilityforNonfeasanceandNegotiorumGestio, OxfordUniversityPres,, 1 1 FrenchPenalCode, Art. -, p. ; OrdinanceNo. -.,, EdwardA.Tomlinson, TheFrench ExperiencewithDutytoRescue:ADubiousCaseforCriminalEnforcement, NewYorkLawSchoolofJournalInternationalandComparative Law, vol.,, p.. 64, p. ; 1,, (Tomlinson, 6), ( 1, p. ), ( 7) :,,,,??,??,?? 6, Tomlinson, p.

13 , 72,,, 73,,,,, ; 74.,,,,,,, ;,,,,, (TeriShiavo),,,,,, ; 75,, ;,,,,,,, (Teri'sLaw),,,,,,,,,,, ;, 76 7,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,, FederalPatientSelfDeterminationAct, U.S.C. c(a). ( 7),,,,, 12,,, ;,, :,, StamfordHospitalv.Vega, A. d (Con., ).

14 , ;,,,, ;,, 78,,,,,,,, ;,,,,, ( ),,,, 79, ( ), ;, 80 ;, ; 81 82,,, ,, BlodTransfusion:CourtUpholdsJehovah' switnes' srighttorefuse, LegalEagleEyeNewsleterfortheNursingProfesion, July, Page.,, McConnelv.BeverlyEnterprises-Connecticut, Inc., Conn. (Conn. )(,,,,, ;,, ), InreQuackenbush, N.J.super., A. d ( )(,,,,, ;,, ); Shinev.Vega, Mas. ( ).(, ;,,, ),, Ericksonv.Dilard, Misc. d ; N.Y.S. d ( )(,,,,,, );St.Mary'sHospitalv.Ramsey, So. d, (Fla.App. )(, );InreBrown So. d (Mis. )(,,,, ;, );PublicHealthTrustv.Wons, So. d (Fla. )(,,, );InreDubreuil, So. d (Fla. )(,,, ),, KurtM.HartmanandBryanA.Liang, ExceptionstoInformedConsentinEmergencyMedicine, HospitalPhysician, ( ), pp. -., ZenonM.Bodnaruk, ColinJ.Wong, andmervynj.thomas, MeetingtheClinicalChalengeofCareforJehovah' switneses, TransfusionMedicineReview, vol. ( ), pp. - ;PaulA.RemmersandAliceJ.Sper, ofjehovah' switneses, TheAmericanJournalofMedicine, vol. ( ), pp. -. ClinicalStrategiesintheMedicalCare Cf.OsamuMuramoto, RecentDevelopmentsinMedicalCareofJehovah'sWitneses, WestJournalofMedicine, vol. ( ), pp..

15 ;,,, ;,, ; ;,, ;, ;, ;, ;, ( ),,?,,,,,,, ( ) 83,,,,,,,,,,, ;, ;,,, ( ),, ( ) :,,, ; 84 :,, 85, ;,,,,,,,, ; 86,! ; ; OliverWendelHolmes, Jr., ThePathoftheLaw, HarvardLawReview ( ). ( ),, -,,,, ; ;,,, ;, ;,,

16 ,,,,,?.!,?,,,, ; ;, ;,,,,, ( ),,,,,,, 87,,,,,, :,,, ( );,,,,,,,,, ;, ; 8,, ;,!,,, ;,?! ;,,,,, ;,,, ;,, ;,, 89,,?,,, /,,,, ;,, ,, (batery),, 45 46,,,,, 4

17 , 90,,,,.,,, 91,,,,,,,, ( ) ;, ( ) ;( ) ;( ) 92,,,,,,, ( ),,, ;,?,,,,,,,?,,,, (counterfactual),,?, ( ), 93,,,,,,,,,,,,,.,, ;,, ;,, 94,, , -,,, ` ', ` '?,, [ ] :,,,

18 ,,,,,,, ; 95,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ; :,,,,,,,,, / / / /,,,,,,, 96, ( ),,,,,,,,,?,?, (?),, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,, ;,,,,,,, ;,,, ,,, 42, OwenFis, TheRightDegreeofIndependence, TheLawasItCouldBe, New YorkUniversityPres,, p. f.,,, :,,

19 ;,,,,, ;,,,?,,,?,,,,?!,,,,, ;?,,,,, ;,, ;,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) 98,,,.,,, ( ),,,,, ( )?,, ;,,, 9 : 98,, RonaldCoase, TheProblem ofsocialcosts, JournalofLawandEconomics, vol. ( ), pp. - ; GuidoCalabresi, SomeThoughtsonRiskDistributionandtheLawofTorts, YaleLawJournalvol. ( ), p. -.JohnP. Brown, TowardanEconomicTheoryofLiability, JournalofLegalStudies, vol. ( ), pp. - ;, StevenShavel, StrictLiabilityversusNegligence, JournalofLegalStudies, vol. ( ), p :,,,,,,, ;,??

20 ?, ;, ;, ( ),,,, ; ; ; 101,?,,! ; (, );,,,,, ;,,,,!,,,,, ;,,, ;, ;?,,,, ; /,?,, ; ;,,,?,, / :,,,,,, : ; ;,,,,, A 4,, ; ,,, /, /,,,,, 10

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23 .,,,,,,,, /,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,, ;, ;,,,,,,,, ;,, ;,, ;,,?, ;,,,,,,,,,,,?,? :,,,,,, ErichFromm, Escapefrom Freedom, HenryHoltandCompany,. :,,,

24 ,,,,,,, ;,,,, ;,, ;, ( - %, ),,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,, :, ;,, ; ;,,,,,,, ;, ; ;,,, ; ;, ; ;,,,,,,,,, :,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, A,?,, ; 26, 17, ;, : :,,, ;, :, ( ), -

25 ,,,,,,,,,,,, N,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,, ;,,?,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,, :, ;,, / ;,, ;,,,,,,, Abstract:Thispaperanalyzestheinstitutionalandsocialimportanceofinformedconsent, emergency medicaltreatment, signatureofcloserelativesinrelationtotheprotectionofpatients' right, andtheunavoidableriskandresponsibilityofthepatientinmedicalcases.italsosuggestssomeimprovementofcurent Chinesemedicallaws. ( : ), :, ( ), - ;, 49,, ( ),,

33 丘京南国家统计局统计教育培训中心副主任 34 白涛云南昆明十中高级教师 35 白先春南京财经大学统计学系教授 36 吕珩河南信息统计职业学院科研处处长 / 讲师 37 吕小

33 丘京南国家统计局统计教育培训中心副主任 34 白涛云南昆明十中高级教师 35 白先春南京财经大学统计学系教授 36 吕珩河南信息统计职业学院科研处处长 / 讲师 37 吕小中国统计教育学会第六届理事名单 ( 按姓氏笔画排序 ) 2014 年 8 月序号姓名单位职称 / 职务 1 丁洁丽武汉大学讲师 2 于声涛烟台职业学院会统系系主任 / 教授 3 万国京江西省信息科技学校副校长 4 万崇华广东医学院教授 5 马骏天