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1 48 4 Vol.48, No OCEANOLOGIA E LIMNOLOGIA SINICA Jul., 2017 * ( ; ) ADCP 3 (AD3AD5 AD6),, 3 : (1), AD3AD5 AD6 ;, ; (2), AD3 ;, AD3 ; (3), AD5 AD6 ; (4) m/s; m/s; (5) : (1),, ; (2), ; (3), ; ; ; ; ; P731 doi: /hhz ,,, Pritchard(1952) (the James River estuar), (gravitational circulation) (Pritchard, 1952, 1954, 1956) (estuarine circulation) (Hansen et al, 1965; MacCread et al, 2010; Geer et al, 2014),, (Simpson et al, 1990; Ja et al, 1994),,,, :, Kalkwijk (1986),, Geer(1993), Chant (1997),, Nunes (1985), Becherer (2015) (vorticit approach), *, GKZD010068, GKZD010071,, @qq.com :,, zshi@mail.sjtu.edu.cn : , :

2 4 : 683 Lac (2003):, Lerczak (2004), Becherer (2015), :, ()(), ( 1) 1 ( Becherer, 2014, 3.3) Fig.1 Schematic of the lateral redistribution of along-channel momentum (Becherer, 2014, Fig. 3.3) :, ; Becherer (2015),,,, : (1986), (2001) (1988)(2012)(2013)Pu (2015) (2016),, : (1997) (2004)(2014)(2015)Pu (2016), : (, 2000)(, 2009)(, 2015),, ADCP, (2003),, ; (2013), Navier-Stokes u v (Chant et al, 1997; Nidzieko et al, 2009),,, (Collignon et al, 2012; Li et al, 2014; Becherer et al, 2015)Becherer (2015),, ( 1),, (a, b), (, ) (, ) 3 (AD3AD5AD6), ADCP,, ADCP, 2b, CSW N CSW M CSW S ADCP 2014 ADCP,, ADCP v v 水面 1c 1, (1) v 1c ADCP, 1, , 1.0 ADCP v水底 vcl 2, (2)

3 684 48, x,, z, ( 2b), (), x u v 2 2 (a)(b) Fig.2 Bathmetr of the Changjiang (Yangtze) River estuar (a) and the North Passage (b) : ; AD3AD5 AD6 3 ADCP ; P3P5 P6 ; 3 ; 3 CSW N CSW M CSW S vcl ADCP, 2,, , ADCP 300kHz, 100cm, 2.5m/s, 25, 134 GB : H 0.2H, 0.4H, 0.6H, 0.8H 1.3 x,, 2.1 homson(1868), Becherer (2015), x z : w v, u w, v u, (3) x z z x z x uv w x z, :, x z Becherer (2015, 7) ; Becherer (2015, 6) (Becherer et al, 2015, A11): 2 x z v v v. (4) SL BL D [ ]; D=H+, H,,, D=H, (Becherer et al, 2015, A12): 2 z u u u. (5) SL BL D ()(Becherer et al, 2015, 8): (6), ()(Becherer et al, 2015, 9): (7),, (); (

4 4 : 685 ) : f 2sin, (8) = rad/s;, AD , , f= /s AD5 (2016) CSWs 0.5km,, AD5 (2016) R=15km (Becherer et al, 2015): mix 8 i i x v 2 t x, D (9) mix 8 i i v. 2 t D (10) v i t : i 1/2 t * (1 / ) z(1/2) D (1 10 ( ) z(1/2) D) v ku z z H Ri z, (11) k 0.4 ; u* ; Ri (Bowden, 1967, 4): g u v Ri. (12) z z z (1 ks ), f =1000kg/m 3 ; k = (Burchard et al, 2011); S mixb mixb : u b1 x mix 4 b 2 x u 2 * sin( u ), b1 D (13) mix 4 b 2 u 2 * cos( u ). b1 D (14) x 2.3 u v (Eulerian average), (McDowell et al, 1977) ADCP, u v, f (Cheng et al, 2013), : 1 usl ud, t (15) 0 1 vsl vd. t (16) 0,,, 3 AD3() AD5() AD6()3,, 3,,,,,, m/s,, ( 3 5) (Chant, 2010), (Becherer et al, 2015) 3, AD3 ( 3a, b), ;,, ;, ;,, ;,,,, ( 3c, d) ( 4a, b), AD5 ;, ;, ;,

5 AD3 (a, c)(b, d) Fig.3 Lateral secondar flow of the cross-channel section AD3 at the first (a, c) and second (b, d) flood/ebb tidal ccle on a neap/spring tide in dr season : ; P3 AD3 ( 2b); 0 ; ( 4c, d), ;, ;,, ( 5a, b),, AD6,,,,, :,,,, ( 5c, d),,, 3 AD3, AD5 AD6 ( 6), AD3AD5 AD6 ( 6a);, ( 6b), AD3, AD5 AD6 ( 6c, d) m/s; m/s

6 4期李图4 Fig.4 为等: 长江河口北槽弯道环流的涡度研究 687 AD5 断面枯季小大潮第一个(a, c)和第二个(b, d)涨落潮周期内六个潮流时刻的横向次生流 Lateral secondar flow of the cross-channel section AD5 at the first (a, c) and second (b, d) flood/ebb tidal ccle on a neap/spring tide in dr season

second (b, d)flood/ebb tidal ccle on a neap/spring tide in dr season 图 6 也显示了长江河口北槽三个横向垂向面分布, 分析显示: 小潮, 在 AD3 AD5 和 AD6 侧线靠 (AD3 AD5 和

7 688 海图5 Fig.5 洋与湖沼 48 卷 AD6 断面枯季小大潮第一个(a, c)和第二个(b, d)涨落潮周期内六个潮流时刻的横向次生流 Lateral secondar flow of the cross-channel section AD6 at the first (a, c) and second (b, d)flood/ebb tidal ccle on a neap/spring tide in dr season 图 6 也显示了长江河口北槽三个横向垂向面分布, 分析显示: 小潮, 在 AD3 AD5 和 AD6 侧线靠 (AD3 AD5 和 AD6)上的纵向半拉格朗日余流的横向近南导堤处始终呈现整体向海的纵向半拉格朗日余图6 Fig.6 AD3 AD5 和 AD6 断面枯季小大潮的纵向半拉格朗日余流(a, b), 横向半拉格朗日余流(c, d) Longitudinal semi-lagrangian mean velocit(a, b), lateral semi-lagrangian mean velocit(c, d) along the cross-channel sections AD3, AD5, and AD6 on a neap/spring tide in dr season

8 4 : 689, ( 6a), AD5,, ( 6b), AD5 ADCP,, CSWs ( AD5 0.5km) AD5, AD5, AD5 Ri : (1) Becherer (2015), ; (2) Pu (2015), Ri, CSW S AD5 0.5km, Ri, [ x ], [ ], (), ;, (),,, ;,, :, ;, ( 7a, b), (7) 6 [ ],, (Hansen et al, 1965; Burchard et al, 2010) 7 AD5 P5( 2b)2000 m Fig.7 ime series of the bulk vorticit at 2000m from the starting point P5 (Fig.2b) of the cross-channel section AD5 on a neap/spring tide in dr season. : [ x ] (); [ ] (); 4.2 AD5 8 : ( ), (),, [ ],,,, ;, 0,,,,,, (Geer et al, 2014)(Ja et al, 1994),, :,,, ;,, (Simpson et al, 1990),,, 8(a, b) mix b mix i :,

9 ;, (Pu et al, 2015),, ;, ()( 8) 8 AD5 P5( 2b) 2000m 5 Fig.8 ime series of five different phsical mechanisms driving longitudinal circulation at 2000m from the starting point P5 (Fig.2b) of the cross-channel line AD5 on a neap/spring tide in dr season mixi mixb LC curv f : ; ; ; ; ;, :, (Lerczak et al, 2004; Scull et al, 2009) AD5 [ ], [ ],, [ ] = /s mix i mix b LC = /s 2 = /s 2 = /s 2 f = /s 2 curv = /s 2 ;, [ ] = i /s = /s 2 mix b mix = /s 2 LC f = /s 2, curv = /s 2 = /s 2, AD5,, [ ], ; LC, Becherer (2015), LC,, 4.3 AD5, Chen (2009) ( 2), 3,,,, ( 3 5) 6 5 [ x ],, (Nunes et al, 1985; Geer, 1993; Lerczak et al, 2004; MacCread et al, 2010; Becherer et al, 2015),,, P5 500m 1000m3000m 3500m u z /s /s;, /s /s( 9)Becherer (2015) /s, 4 7, AD5,,, ( 9)

10 4 : AD5 Fig.9 ime series of lateral shear of the along-channel depth-averaged velocities on neap/spring tides in dr season along the cross-channel line AD5 : 500m 1000m, 1000m 1500m, 1500m 2000m, 2000m 2500m, 2500m 3000m, 3000m 3500m [ x ],, 10,,, ;, 0,,,,,, (Geer et al, 2014),,,,, 10 AD5 P5( 2b)2000m 4 Fig.10 ime series of the phsical mechanisms driving lateral circulation at 2000m from the starting point P5 (Fig.2b) of the cross-channel line AD5 on a neap/spring tide in dr season mixi curv mixb f : x ; x ; x ; x, Becherer(2014), ( 11),,,,, ( 11a);,,, ( 11c),, ( 11a, c),, (),, ( 11b);,,,, ( 11d),, ;,,,, (Geer,

11 Fig.11 Conceptual models of lateral circulations induced b the different phsical mechanisms during a flood/ebb tidal ccle within the Curved Channel of the North Passage : a c, b d, ; ; 1993; Chant et al, 1997; Huijts et al, 2009; Becherer et al, 2015), ( 3 5),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Stokes, 5 (1) ADCP, 3,,,, (2),, (),,, (3),,,,,,,,,, ;, ;, ;,,, ADCP :, 80 84, , 25(4): 54 60,,, , 28(3): ,,, IV.., 46(3): ,,, , (9): 79 88, (1979~1999)., 25(6): 54 56,,, , 17(1): 26 35,, (), (4): 83 88,,, , (11): ,,, , 34(3): 80 98

12 4 : 693,, , 37(3): 1 14,, , (2): 29 33,,, , 46(11): ,, I.., 31(2): ,,, , 32(4): Becherer J, Estuarine circulation in well-mixed tidal inlets. Rostock: Doctor Dissertation of Universitaet Rostock, 123 Becherer J, Stace M, Umlauf L et al, Lateral circulation generates flood tide stratification and estuarine exchange flow in a curved tidal inlet. Journal of Phsical Oceanograph, 45(3): Bowden K F, Stabilit effects on turbulent mixing in tidal currents. Phsics of Fluids, 10(9): S278 S280 Burchard H, Hetland R D, Quantifing the contributions of tidal straining and gravitational circulation to residual circulation in periodicall stratified tidal estuaries. Journal of Phsical Oceanograph, 40(6): Burchard H, Hetland R D, Schulz E et al, Drivers of residual estuarine circulation in tidall energetic estuaries: straight and irrotational channels with parabolic cross section. Journal of Phsical Oceanograph, 41(3): Chant R J, Estuarine secondar circulation. In: Valle- Levinson A ed. Contemporar Issues in Estuarine Phsics. Cambridge: Cambridge Universit Press, Chant R J, Wilson R E, Secondar circulation in a highl stratified estuar. Journal of Geophsical Research, 102(C10): Chen S N, Sanford L P, Lateral circulation driven b boundar mixing and the associated transport of sediments in idealized partiall mixed estuaries. Continental Shelf Research, 29(1): Cheng P, de Swart H E, Valle-Levinson A, Role of asmmetric tidal mixing in the subtidal dnamics of narrow estuaries. Journal of Geophsical Research, 118(5): Collignon A G, Stace M, Intratidal dnamics of fronts and lateral circulation at the shoal channel interface in a partiall stratified estuar. Journal of Phsical Oceanograph, 42(5): Geer W R, hree-dimensional tidal flow around headlands. Journal of Geophsical Research, 98(C1): Geer W R, MacCread P, he estuarine circulation. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 46(1): Hansen D V, Rattra M, Gravitational circulation in straits and estuaries. Journal of Marine Research, 23(2): Huijts K M H, Schuttelaars H M, de Swart H E et al, Analtical stud of the transverse distribution of along-channel and transverse residual flows in tidal estuaries. Continental Shelf Research, 29(1): Ja D A, Musiak D, Particle trapping in estuarine tidal flows. Journal of Geophsical Research, 99(C10): Kalkwijk J P, Booij R, Adaptation of secondar flow in nearl-horizontal flow. Journal of Hdraulic Research, 24(1): Lac J R, Stace M, Burau J R et al, Interaction of lateral baroclinic forcing and turbulence in an estuar. Journal of Geophsical Research, 108(C3, 3089): 1 15 Lerczak J A, Geer W R, Modeling the lateral circulation in straight, stratified estuaries. Journal of Phsical Oceanograph, 34(6): Li M, Cheng P, Chant R et al, Analsis of vortex dnamics of lateral circulation in a straight tidal estuar. Journal of Phsical Oceanograph, 44(10): MacCread P, Geer W R, Advances in estuarine phsics. Annual Review of Marine Science, 2(1): McDowell D M, O Connor B A, Hdraulic Behavior of Estuaries. London: he Macmillan Press, Ltd, 292 Nidzieko N J, Hench J L, Monismith S G, Lateral circulation in well-mixed and stratified estuarine flows with curvature. Journal of Phsical Oceanograph, 39(4): Nunes R A, Simpson J H, Axial convergence in a well-mixed estuar. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 20(5): Pritchard D W, Estuarine hdrograph. In: Landsberg H E ed. Advances in Geophsics. New York: Academic Press, 1: Pritchard D W, A stud of the salt balance in a coastal plain estuar. Journal of Marine Research, 13: Pritchard D W, he dnamic structure of a coastal plain estuar. Journal of Marine Research, 15: Pu X, Shi J Z, Hu G D et al, Circulation and mixing along the North Passage in the Changjiang River estuar, China. Journal of Marine Sstems, 148: Pu X, Shi J Z, Hu G D, Analses of intermittent mixing and stratification within the North Passage of the Changjiang (Yangtze) River estuar, China: A threedimensional model stud. Journal of Marine Sstems, 158: Scull M E, Geer W R, Lerczak J A, he influence of lateral advection on the residual estuarine circulation: A numerical modeling stud of the Hudson River estuar. Journal of Phsical Oceanograph, 39(1): Simpson J H, Brown J, Matthews J et al, idal straining, densit currents, and stirring in the control of estuarine stratification. Estuaries, 13(2): homson W, VI. on vortex motion. Earth and Environmental Science ransactions of the Roal Societ of Edinburgh, 25(1):

13 CIRCULAION WIHIN CURVED CHANNEL OF HE NORH PASSAGE IN HE CHANGJIANG RIVER ESUARY: A VORICIY APPROACH LI Wei 1, John Z. SHI 1, PU Xiang 1, HU Guo-Dong 2 (1. State Ke Laborator of Ocean Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Ship and Deep-Sea Exploration, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao ong Universit, Shanghai , China; 2. Surve Bureau of Hdrolog and Water Resources of the Changjiang River Estuar, Changjiang Water Resources Commission, Shanghai , China) Abstract Vessel mounted ADCP measurements were made of tidal currents along the cross-channel sections AD3, AD5, and AD6 within the Curved Channel of the North Passage in the Changjiang (Yangtze) River estuar on Feb , 2014 (dr season, neap tide) and Feb. 28 to Mar. 1, 2014 (dr season, spring tide). hese data were analzed b using a vorticit approach to examine the temporal and spatial variabilit of circulation and mixing in the vertical-lateral plane, their phsical mechanisms, as well as the relative importance of each mechanism. Lateral secondar flows, which have two-laered structure separated b irregular interfaces, are present along the three sections. Calculated semi-lagrangian residual flows show that: (1) along the three sections during neap tide, longitudinal circulating semi-lagrangian residual flows at the surface are seaward, and landward at the bottom ; during spring tide, longitudinal semi-lagrangian residual flows at both the surface and bottom are seaward. (2) Along the section AD3 during neap tide, lateral circulating semi-lagrangian residual flows at the surface are towards the Northern Dikes and at the bottom towards the Southern Dikes, while in the middle part of the section AD3 towards the Northern Dikes at the surface and towards the Southern Dikes at the bottom; at the two ends of the section AD3 during spring tide, towards the Southern Dikes at the surface and towards the Northern Dikes at the bottom. (3) Along sections AD5 and AD6, lateral circulating semi-lagrangian residual flows are towards the Northern Dikes at the surface laer and towards the Southern Dikes at the bottom during both neap and spring tides. (4) he magnitudes of longitudinal semi-lagrangian residual flows range from 0.2 to 0.7m/s and those of lateral semi-lagrangian residual flows from 0.15 to 0.2m/s. (5) Apparent lateral variabilit of longitudinal semi-lagrangian residual flow is present. Further analses of circulations within the Curved Channel show that: (1) Longitudinal baroclinic pressure gradient, longitudinal internal friction induced mixing, and longitudinal bottom friction induced mixing seem to be the primar phsical mechanisms driving longitudinal circulation, while the lateral redistribution of along-channel momentum the secondar one, and the centrifugal force and the Coriolis force can be neglected. (2) Lateral baroclinic pressure gradient and the internal friction induced mixing are the primar phsical mechanisms driving lateral secondar flows, while the centrifugal force, the Coriolis force, and the bottom friction induced mixing the secondar ones. (3) he lateral circulation ma weaken longitudinal momentum and then circulation via lateral redistribution of along-channel momentum. Ke words Changjiang River estuar; the Curved Channel of the North Passage; lateral circulation; longitudinal circulation; vorticit approach; semi-lagrangian residual flow

Microsoft Word - 34 罗晓凡.doc

Microsoft Word - 34 罗晓凡.doc 43 3 Vol.43, No.3 2012 5 OCEANOLOGIA ET LIMNOLOGIA SINICA May, 2012 * ( 300457) 6, 3 4 5 1 9 30 : (1), POM ; (2) POM,,, / ; /,, ; (3) 9,,, /,,, P731,, (, 2000),, (, 1989;, 2004;, 2006) ( 筰, 1992) (2001),,