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1 波浪以增大交换面积的方式影响海 - 气通量王金良, 李慧凤 (, 6650) 摘要 : 为体现波浪起伏增大交换面积进而增强通量这一事实, 本文在已有海 - 气通量模型基础上提出了一种新的波面增长因子计算公式就线性波叠加方法产生的波面而言, 在风速为 10 m/s 时充分成长的波浪至少可使热通量增加 7.9%, 这比用单个正弦波得到的最大增加量 3.7% 的倍还多当风速增大到 0 m/s 时由新公式给出的增加量则能达到 30% 研究还表明, 借用经验波谱进行海面模拟难以体现毛细波, 真实海面的面积增加量不止模拟的那么少, 波浪对海 - 气通量的影响还应更强关键词 : 海气通量 ; 海浪 ; 波面增长因子 ; 波陡 ; 波数谱中图分类号 : P73; P731 文献标识码 : A 文章编号 : (015) doi: /hykx ,,, ;,,, (),,,, [1],,, 1 海 - 气通量研究现状从大气一侧对海 - 气通量的研究 ()() [-4],, [5-6] [7-8], [9],, Csanady [10] Moon [11] C D C H [1] [13] [14] [15] Garbe [16],,, 1. 从海洋一侧对海气通量的研究, D Asaro [17], : ; : : (No.ZR01DM004); (No ); (No ) : (1973-),,,, : ESMD, wangjinliang10@sina.com.cn Marine Sciences / Vol. 39, No. 1 /

2 ,, Gemmrich [18-19],, [5,0],, Soloviev [1], Veron [], Banerjee [3], Witting [4], 1~ mm,, Q Q 0 : Q rc Tz rq0 (1) r ( 7. ): s 1 r 1 d 0 x x (), C,, Tz (z) ( x, t) asin( kxt),, s z ( x, t), x (x ), ak,,, t : 1 r 1 (3) 4 ak, /4 Veron [5] : 1 r 1x 1 d 0 x x (4) r 1 /, Witting [4], Veron Witting ( (3)) w 1, 波浪对海 - 气通量的影响.1 波面增长因子, Witting () -,, (),, t D [0, X] [0, Y], z ( x, y, t) : St () 1 rt () 1x ydd xy (5) D D D, S(t) t, x y,, ( x, yt, ) asin( kxt), (3),, /4,,. 波面数值模拟,,,, [6], ( [7] ),,, Pierson-Moscowitz - S ( k, ) [8] : (, ) 0( ) g Sk S k D( ) exp cos 4 k k U π 19.5 (6), S0 ( k ), D ( ), , 0.74, U m ( 10 m U 10 ), g, U 10 =10 m/s; 50, π /50; π / π / 30 ;, D=[0, 300 m][0, 300 m], m 1 x y 80 / 015 / 39 / 1

Pierson-Moscowitz,,,, k 1 0.0,.9 Fig. 1 1 Wave surface simulated with the linear-wave superposition method, (5), 1,, (7): 1x ydxdy dx dy dp dy dq dx (7) dpdq dxdy, 10, (5) 1.07 1.090, 1.

3 Pierson-Moscowitz,,,, k 1 0.0,.9 Fig. 1 1 Wave surface simulated with the linear-wave superposition method, (5), 1,, (7): 1x ydxdy dx dy dp dy dq dx (7) dpdq dxdy, 10, (5) , 1.079, ( 4 ), U 10 =10 m/s 7.9% Witting, 3.7%( r=1.037), 0 m/s (5) 30%,,,.3 波陡的影响 Witting, (.9) Pierson-Moscowitz,, : k g ak S0 ( k) kk exp (8) k ku19.5, k, k π /50, ( ), x y Fig. The distribution of wave slope respect to the wavenumber 3 结论 -,, Witting [4], Veron [5], 10 m/s 7.9%, 0 m/s, 30%,,, 0.0,,, -,, : [1],,,. [J]., 004, 14(1): [] Fairall C W, Bradley E, Rogers D P, et al. Bulk parameterization of air-sea fluxes for tropical oceanglobal atmosphere coupled-ocean atmosphere response experiment [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1996, Marine Sciences / Vol. 39, No. 1 /

4 101(): [3],. [J]., 009, 33(11): 1-5. [4] Li H F, Wang J L, Li Z J. Application of ESMD Method to Air-Sea Flux Investigation [J]. International Journal of Geosciences, 013, 4: [5]. : [R]. :, 008. [6],. - [J]., 011, 35(1): [7] Fairall, C W, Larsen S E. Inertial-dissipation methods and turbulent fluxes at the air-ocean interface [J]. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 1986, 34: [8] Donelan M A, Madsen N, Kahma K K, et al. Apparatus for atmospheric surface layer measurements over waves [J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 1999, 16(9): [9] Fairall C W, Bradley E F, Hare J E, et al. Bulk parameterization of air-sea fluxes: updates and verification for the COARE algorithm [J]. Journal of Climate, 003, 16: [10] Csanady G T. Air-sea interaction, Laws and mechanisms [M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 001. [11] Moon I J, Hara T, Ginis I. Effect of surface waves on air-sea momentum exchange, part I: effect of mature and growing seas [J]. Journal of the atmospheric sciences, 004, 61(19): [1],. [J]., 001, 16(1): [13],,. [M]. :, 008. [14]. [M].,. :, [15]. [M],,. :, 198. [16] Garbe C S, Handler R A, Jähne B. Transport at the Air-Sea Interface: Measurements, Models and Parametrizations [M], Berlin: Springer Press, 007. [17] D Asaro E A. Air-sea heat flux measurements from nearly neutrally buoyant floats [J], Journal of atmospheric and oceanic technology, 004, 1: [18] Gemmrich J R, Farmer D M. Near-surface turbulence and thermal structure in a wind-driven sea [J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1999, 9: [19] Gemmrich J R, Farmer D M. Near-surface turbulence in the presence of breaking waves [J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 004, 34: [0] Wang J L, Song J B. Modeling the vertical heat transport in the wave affected surface layer of the ocean [J]. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 009, 7(): [1] Soloviev A, Lukas R. The Near-Surface Layer of the Ocean, Structure, Dynamics and Applications[M]. Netherlands: Springer Press, 006. [] Veron F, Melville W K, Lenain L. Measurements of Ocean Surface Turbulence and Wave Turbulence Interactions [J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 009, 39: [3] Banerjee S. Modeling of the interphase turbulent transport processes [J], Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 007, 46(10): [4] Witting J. Effects of plane progressive irrotational waves on thermal boundary layers [J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 1971, 50: [5] Veron F, Melville W K, Lenain L. Wave-coherent air-sea heat flux [J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 008, 38: [6],. [M]. :, 1984: [7]. [J].. 007, 4(10): [8] Tsang L, Kong J A, Ding K H. Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves: Theories and Applications. New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc, / 015 / 39 / 1

5 Effect of wave on air-sea flux via magnifying the exchange area WANG Jin-liang, LI Hui-feng (College of science, Qingdao Technological University, Qingdao 6650, China) Received: Dec., 30, 013 Key words: air-sea flux; ocean wave; growth factor for wave-surface area; wave slope; wave-number spectrum Abstract: Based on the existing air-sea flux models, a new growth-factor formula for wave-surface area is proposed. to reflect the fact that the wave-fluctuation magnifies the exchange area with an increasing flux, For the wave surface simulated with linear-wave superposition method, it indicates that, when the wind speed is 10 m/s, the full-growth wave may increase the heat flux at least by 7.9%, which is more than twice that of the single sinusoid wave which induces an increment of 3.7%. When the wind speed is 0 m/s, this increment may reach 30%. This research also indicates that, the sea-surface simulation with empirical wave spectrum can hardly reflect the capillary wave. The area of the real surface is not merely as much as that of the simulated one.the wave effect to the air-sea flux should be stronger. ( 本文编辑 : 李晓燕 ) Marine Sciences / Vol. 39, No. 1 /

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~ a 3 h NCEP ~ 24 3 ~ ~ 8 9 ~ km m ~ 500 m 500 ~ 800 m 800 ~ m a 200 31 1 2013 3 Journal of Arid Meteorology Vol. 31 No. 1 March 2013. J. 2013 31 1 62-69. doi 10. 11755 /j. issn. 1006-7639 2013-01 - 0062 211101 2000 ~ 2010 3 h 2. 5 2. 5 NCEP 2 5 ~ 7 02 11 05 ~ 08 2 ~ 8