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1 2 Windows Windows Windows Windows Windows Windows Windows Windows Windows Windows DOS Windows Windows Windows 1.0 Microsoft

2 2 Windows Windows 1.0 DOS Windows Microsoft Windows 2.0 Windows Windows 2.0 IBM PM Windows 2.0 OS/2 Windows 2.0 DOS DOS 1990 Windows 3.0 Mac OS Mac PC DOS PC Mac Apple 5 Windows 3.0 Windows 2.0 Microsoft Windows 3.1 Windows 4.0 Microsoft Windows 3.1 Windows 3.1 Windows 3.11 Windows 3.1 DOS DOS DOS Windows Windows Windows 95 PC Windows NT 3.0 NT 41

3 Windows 95 Windows Windows Windows 95 Windows 95 Windows 3.1 Windows 95 Intel PC DOS DOS 1996 Microsoft Game SDK DirectX Windows 95 DOS DOOM Duke Nukem DOS32 DirectX PC 3.0 DirectX DOS DirectX DirectX COMDirectX Win32/DirectX PC 1998 Windows 98 Windows 95 Windows DirectX 3D Internet Windows 98 Windows 95 Windows98 Windows 95 42

4 2 Windows Windows NT Windows 5.0 Windows 9X NT Windows 9X NT Windows 9X Windows NT 5.0 Win32/DirectX Windows 9X Windows NT 5.0 PC DirectX Win32 Windows NT 5.0 NT DirectX DEC Alphas Windows CE DirectX Win32 DOS Windows Windows Windows NT Windows Win9X/NT Windows Windows 2.1 CPU Win9X/NT CPU OS 43

5 Windows Windows 30~50 Windows Intel CPU n Windows Windows Ctrl+Alt+Delete 44

6 X 第 2 章 Windows 编程模型 X 许多共享软件和商用软件工具都能做到这一点但是 Windows 内嵌了这几个工具在安装 Windows 的目录一般是 Windows\ 下可以发现一个名字为 SYSMON.EXE Windows 95/98 或 PREFMON.EXE Windows NT 的可执行程序图 2.3 描述了在我的 Windows 98 机器上运行的 SYSMON.EXE 程序图中除了正在运行的线程外还有大量的信息如内存使用和处理器装载等实际上在进行程序开发时我喜欢使 SYSMON.EXE 运行由此可以了解正在进行什么以及系统如何加载程序图 2.3 运行的 SYSMON.EXE 你可能想知道能否对线程的创建进行控制答案是能够实际上这是 Windows 游戏编程最令人激动的事情之一就像我们所希望的那样除了游戏主进程外还能够执行其他的任务我们也能够创建像其他任务一样多的线程注意在 Windows 98/NT 环境下实际上还有一种叫 fiber 的新型执行对象它比线程还简单明白吗线程是由 fiber 构成的这和 DOS 游戏程序的编写有很大不同 DOS 是单线程操作系统也就是说一旦你的程序开始运行就只能运行该程序不时出现的中断管理除外因此如果想使用任何一种多任务或多线程就必须自己来模拟参阅 Sams Teach Yourself Game Programming in 21 Days 中关于一个完整的基于 DOS 的多任务核心部分这也正是游戏程序员在这么多年中所作的事的确模拟多任务和多线程远远不能和拥有一个完整的支持多任务和多线程的操作系统相提并论但是对于单个游戏来讲它足可以良好地工作在我们接触到真正的 Windows 编程和那些工作代码之前我想提及一个细节你可能在想 Windows 真是一个神奇的操作系统因为它允许多个任务和程序立即执行请记住实际上并不是这样的如果只有一个处理器的话那么一次也只能执行一个执行流线程程序或你所调用的任何对象 Windows 相互之间的切换太快了以至于看上去就像几个程序 45

7 CPU Pentium II 400MHz Pentium II Windows NT 5.0 fiber Pentium U V Pentium II 5 Windows / DOS Windows Windows 2.4 Windows Windows Windows Windows Windows 3.0/3.1 Windows Windows 46

8 2 Windows Windows 9X/NT Windows Windows Microsoft Microsoft Microsoft Charles Simonyi Microsoft Microsoft API Microsoft 2.1 c by n i 2.1 x, y x y 47

9 cx, cy b w l dw fn s sz, str lp h msg x y c UINT WORD LONG DWORD 0 32 Windows 2.1 char *szfilename; int *lpidate; BOOL bsemaphore; WORD dwmaxcount; // a nulla terminated string // a 32-bit pointer to an int // a boolean value // a 32-bit unsigned WORD int g_ixpos; // a global x-position int g_itimer; // a global y-position char *g_szstring; // a global NULL terminated string g_ g 48 int PlotPixel(int ix, int iy, int ic); void *MemScan(char *szstring);

10 2 Windows int Get_Pixel(int ix, int iy); const LONG NUM_SECTORS = 100 // a C++ style constant #define MAX_CELLS 64; // a C style constant #define POWERUNIT 100; // a C style constant typedef unsigned char UCHAR; // a user defined type Microsoft C++ C++ const #define Const #define C++ C class CVector public CVector (); ix=iy=iz=imagnitude = 0;} CVector(int x, int y, int z) ix=x; iy=y; iz=z;}.. private: int ix, iy, iz; // the position of the vector int imagnitude; // the magnitude of the vector } 49

11 UCHAR GetPixel(int x, int y); UCHAR GetPixel(int ix, int iy); UCHAR GetPixel(int, int); 20 Win32 API Windows Windows Windows Windows 2.1 DOS 2.1 DOS // DEMO2_1.CPP - standard version #include <stdio.h> // main entry point for all standard DOS/console programs void main(void) printf( \nthere CAN BE ONLY ONE!!!\n ); } // end main Windows 50

12 2 Windows DEMO2_1.CPP VC++ Borland DOS 32 Windows WinMain() DOS Main() WinMain() Win32 API Win32 API MessageBox() 2.2 Windows 2.2 Windows // DEMO2_2.CPP - a simple message box #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN #include <windows.h> #include <windowsx.h> // the main windows headers // a lot of cool macros // main entry point for all windows programs int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hinstance, HINSTANCE hprevinstance, LPSTR lpcmdline, int ncmdshow) // call message box api with NULL for parent window handle MessageBox(NULL, THERE CAN BE ONLY ONE!!!, MY FIRST WINDOWS PROGRAM, MB_OK MB_ICONEXCLAMATION); // exit program return(0); } // end WinMain 1 Win32.EXE CD-ROM T3DCHAP02\ DEMO2_2.CPP 2 51

13 3 CD-ROM DEMO2_2.EXE Windows DEMO2_2.EXE Windows #define Win32_LEAN_AND_MEAN Windows Microsoft Microsoft Foundation Classes,MFC Software Development Kit,SDKMFC C++ 10 SDK C SDK Win32_LEAN_AND_MEAN MFC #include windows.h #include windowsx.h windows.h Windows Windows windowsx.h Windows Windows WinMain() int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hinstance, HINSTANCE hprevinstance, LPSTR lpcmdline, int ncmdshow); 52

14 2 Windows WINAPI PASCAL CDECL PASCAL WINAPI WinMain() WINAPI hinstance Windows hinstance hprevinstance Windows Microsoft lpcmdline C/C++ main( int argc, char **argv) argc TEST.EXE Windows TEST.EXE one lpcmdline lpcmdline = one two three.exe ncmdshow ShowWindow() 2.2 ncmdshow 2.2 ncmdshow Windows SW_SHOWNORMAL SW_SHOW SW_HIDE Windows 53

15 SW_MAXIMIZE SW_MINIMIZE SW_RESTORE SW_SHOWMAXIMIZED SW_SHOWMINIMIZED SW_SHOWMINNOACTIVE SW_SHOWNA SW_SHOWNOACTIVATE Windows 2.2 ncmdshow ncmdshow ShowWindow() Windows VCR Windows 99% SW_SHOW SW_SHOWNORMAL SW_HIDE 1% WinMain() MessageBox() MessageBox() Win32 API Windows MessageBox() MessageBox() int MessageBox( HWND hwnd, // handle of owner window LPCTSTR lptext, // address of text in message box LPCTSTR lpcaption, // address of title of message box UINT utype); // style of message box 54 hwnd DEMO2_2.CPP NULL Windows

16 2 Windows lptext lpcaption utype 2.3 MessageBox() 2.3 MessageBox() MB_OK MB_OKCANCEL MB_RETRYCANCEL MB_YESNO MB_YESNOCANCEL MB_ABORTRETRYIGNORE OK OK Cancel Retry Cancel Yes No Yes No Cancel Yes No Cancel MB_ICONEXCLAMATION MB_ICONINFORMATION MB_ICONQUESTION MB_ICONSTOP I MB_DEFBUTTONn n 1~4 OS Win32 SDK 2.3 Win32 API MessageBox() yes/no MessageBox() 55

17 IDABORT IDCANCEL IDIGNORE IDNO IDOK IDRETRY IDYES Abort Cancel Ignore No OK Retry Yes Windows MessageBeep() Win32 SDK MessageBox() BOOL MessageBeep(UINT utype); // MessageBeep() MB_ICONASTERISK MB_ICONEXCLAMATION MB_ICONHAND MB_ICONQUESTION MB_OK 0xFFFFFFFF 56 MS-Plus Win32 API I/O GUI Windows Windows / Windows Windows WinMain() WinMain() DOS Main() Windows

18 2 Windows Windows Windows 3D Windows Windows Windows 32 DOS Windows Windows 1. Windows 2. WinProc 3. Windows Windows 4. Windows 5. Windows Windows Windows Windows C++ Windows Windows Windows Windows Windows Windows Windows Windows Windows Windows WNDCLASS WNDCLASSEX WNDCLASS WNDCLASSEX Win32 WNDCLASS Windows WNDCLASSEX typedef struct _WNDCLASSEX UINT cbsize; // size of this structure UINT style; // style flags 57

19 WNDPROC lpfnwndproc; // function pointer to handler int cbclsextra; // extra class info int cbwndextra; // extra instance info HANDLE hinstance; // the instance of the application HICON hicon; // the main icon HCURSOR hcursor; // the cursor for the window HBRUSH hbrbackground; // the background brush to paint the window LPCTSTR lpszmenuname; // the name of the menu to attach LPCTSTR lpszclassname; // the name of the class itself HICON hiconsm; // the handle of the small icon } WNDCLASSEX WNDCLASSEX winclass; // a blank windows class cbsize Petzold Programing Windows 95 WNDCLASSEX winclass.cbsize = sizeof(wndclassex); Windows CS_HREDRAW CS_VREDRAW CS_OWNDC CS_DBLCLKS CS_PARENTDC CS_SAVEBITS CS_NOCLOSE

20 2 Windows Windows Windows CS_OMNDC Windows winclass.style = CS_VERDRAW CS_HREDRAW CS_OWNDC CS_DBLCLICKS; WNDCLASSEX lpfnwndproc Windows Windows Windows Windows Windows 2.6 winclass.lpfnwndproc = WinProc; // 2.6 Windows C++ int Add(int op1,int op2) return(op1+op2);} int Sub(int op1,int op2) return(op1-op2);} 59

21 C++ // define a function pointer that takes two int and returns an int int (Math*)(int, int); Math = Add; int result = Math(1,2);// this reslly calls Add(1,2) // result will be 3 Math = Sub; Int result = Math(1,2);// this really calls Sub(1,2) // result will be 1 cbclsextra cbwndextra Windows Windows 0 winclass.cbclsextra = 0; // extra class info space winclass.cbwndextra = 0; // extra window info space hinstance WinMain() WinMain() winclass.hinstance = hinstance; // assign the application instance Windows Windows Windows Microsoft Microsoft [ ] h LoadIcon() winclass.hicon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); IoadIcon() 2.7 HICON LoadIcon(HINSTANCE hinstance, // handle of application instance LPCTSTR lpiconname); // icon-name string or icon resource identifier 60

22 2 Windows hinstance NULL LpIconName NULL hinstance NULL lpiconname LoadIcon() IDI_APPLICATION IDI_ASTERISK IDI_EXCLAMATION IDI_HAND IDI_QUESTION IDI_WINLOGO Windows hcursor hicon hcursor LoadCursor() Windows winclass.hcursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW); LoadCursor() 2.8 HCURSOR lpcursor( HINSTANCE hinstance, // handle of application instance LPCTSTR lpcursorname); // icon_name string or icon resource identifier hinstance.exe.exe NULL lpcursorname LoadCursor() IDC_ARROW IDC_APPSTARTING IDC_CROSS IDC_IBEAM IDC_NO I 61

23 IDC_SIZEALL IDC_SIZENESW IDC_SIZENS IDC_SIZENWSE IDC_SIZEWE IDC_UPARROW IDC_WAIT hbrbackground Windows Windows hbrbackground GDI GetStockObject() winclass.hbrbackground = GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH) GetStockObject() Windows GetStockObject() GetStockObject() BLACK_BRUSH WHITE_BRUSH GRAY_BRUSH LTGRAY_BRUSH DKGRAY_BRUSH HOLLOW_BRUSH NULL_BRUSH BLACK_PEN WHITE_PEN NULL_PEN NULL NULL WNDCLASS lpszmenuname ASCII 62

24 2 Windows Windows NULL Winclass.lpszmenuName=NULL //the name of the menu to attach Windows Windows lpszclassname WINCLASS1 WINCLASS2 Winclass.lpszClassName = WINCLASS1 ; // the name of the class itself Windows Windows WNDCLASSEX WNDCLASS Windows LoadIcon() Windows winclass.hiconsm = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION) // WNDCLASSEX winclass; // this will hole the class we create // first fill in the window class structure winclass.cbsize = sizeof(wndclassex); winclass.style = CS_DBLCLKS CS_OWNDC CS_HREDRAW CS_VREDRAW; winclass.lpfnwndproc = WindowProc; winclass.cbclsextra = 0; winclass.cbwndextra = 0; winclass.hinstance = hinstance; winclass.hicon = LoadIcon(NULL,IDI_APPLICATION); winclass.hcursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW); winclass.hbrbacground = GetStockObject(BLACK_BRUSH); winclass.lpszmenuname = NULL; winclass.lpszclassname = WINCLASS ; winclass.hiconsm = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); WNDCLASSEX winclass = winclass.cbsize = sizeof(wndclassex), CS_DBLCLKS CS_OWNDC CS_HREDRAW CS_VREDRAW, WindowProc, 0, 63

25 0, hinstance, LoadIcon(NULL,IDI_APPLICATION), LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW), GetStockObject(BLACK_BRUSH), NULL, WINCLASS1, LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION)}; Windows Windows winclass Windows RegisterClassEx() RegisterClassEx( &winclass ); WINCLASS1 RegisterClassEx() RegisterClassEx() Windows RegisterClass() WNDCLASS Windows 64 CreateWindow() CreateWindowEx() Windows Windows WINCLASS1 Windows CreateWindowEx() HWND CreateWindowEx( DWORD dwexstyle, // extended window style LPCTSTR lpclassname, // pointer to registered class name

26 2 Windows LPCTSTR lpwindowname, // pointer to window name DWORD dwstyle, // window style int x, // horizontal position of window int y, // vertical position of window int nwidth, // window width int nheight, // window height HWND hwndparent, // handle to parent or owner window HMENU hmenu, // handle to menu,or child window identifier HINSTANCE hinstance, // handle to application instance LPVOID lpparam); // pointer to window-creation data NULL dwexstyle NULL Win32 SDK WS_EX_TOPMOST lpclassname WINCLASS1 lpwindowname dwstyle 2.10 x y CW_USEDEFAULT Windows nwidth nheight CW_USEDEFAULT Windows hwndparent hmenu NULL hinstance WinMain() lpparam NULL dwstyle WS_POPUP WS_OVERLAPPED WS_TILED 65

27 WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW WS_VISIBLE WS_SYSMENU WS_BORDER WS_CAPTION WS_ICONIC WS_MAXIMIZE WS_MAXIMIZEBOX WS_MINIMIZE WS_MINIMIZEBO X WS_POPUPWINDOW WS_SIZEBOX WS_HSCROLL WS_VSCROLL WS_OVERLAPPED WS_CAPTION WS_SYSMENU WS_THICKFRAME WS_MAXIMIZEBOX WS_MINIMIZEBOX WS_BORDER WS_MINIMIZE WS_EX_ CONGTEXTHELP WS_SYSMENU WS_ICONIC WS_EX_ CONGTEXTHELP WS_SYSMENU WS_BORDER WS_POPUP WS_SYSMENU WS_THICKFRAME 0,0 400X400 HWND hwnd; // window handle // create the window,bail if problem if (!(hwnd = CreateWindowEx(NULL, // extended style WINCLASS ; // class Your Basic Window, // title WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW WS_VISIBLE; 0,0 // initial x,y 400,400 // initial width,height NULL // handle to parent NULL // handle to menu hinstance, // instance of this application NULL))) // extra creation parms return( 0 ); 66

28 2 Windows WS_VISIBLE // this shows the window ShowWindow(hwnd, ncmdshow); WinMain() ncmdshow WS_VISIBLE ncmdshow ShowWindow() Windows WM_PAINT UpdateWindow() // this sends a WM_PAINT message to window and makes // sure the contents are refreshed UpdateWindow(); Windows Windows 2.6 Windows Windows Windows Procedure WinProc Windows WinProc Windows / WinProc Windows WinProc WinProc WinProc WinProc WinProc WinProc 67

29 LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc( HWND hwnd, // window handle of sender UINT msg, // the message id WPARAM wparam, // further defines message LPARAM lparam); // further defines message winclass.lpfnwndproc winclass.lpfnwndproc = WindowProc; hwnd Windows Windows hwnd msg WinProc Winclass1 WinProc() Windows Wparam lparam msg LRESULT CALLBAK switch() msg msg wparam / lparam WinProc WinProc

30 2 Windows WM_ACTIVATE WM_CLOSE WM_CREATE WM_DESTROY WM_MOVE WM_MOUSEMOVE WM_KEYUP WM_KEYDOWN WM_TIMER WM_USER WM_PAINT WM_QUIT WM_SIZE Windows 2.11 WinProc msg wparam lparam Win32 SDK WM_CREATE WM_PAINT WM_DESTROY WM_QUIT Windows OK WinProc LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wparam, LPARAM lparam); // this is the main message handler of the system PAINTSTRUCT ps; // Used in WM_PAINT HDC hdc; // handle to a device context 69

31 // what is the message switch(msg) case WM_CREATE; // do initialization stuff here // return success return ( 0 ) } break; case WM_PAINT; // simply validate the window hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps); // you woudle do all your painting here EndPaint(hwnd, &ps); // return success return ( 0 ) } break; case WM_DESTROY; // Kill the application,this sends a WM_QUIT message PostQuitMessage ( 0 ); // return success return ( 0 ) } break; default:break; } // end switch // process any message that we didn't take care of return (DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam)); } // end WinProc 70 WM_CREATE return(0) Windows WM_CREATE WM_PAINT DirectX / Windows

32 2 Windows WM_PAINT Windows WM_PAINT BeginPaint() EndPaint() Windows hbrbackground // begin painting hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps); // you would do all your painting here EndPaint(hwnd, &ps); hwnd BeginPaint EndPaint PAINTSTRUCT PAINTSTRUCT typedef struct tagpaintstruct HDC hdc; BOOL ferase; RECT rcpaint; BOOL frestore; BOOL fincupdate; BYTE rgbreserved[32]; } PAINTSTRUCT; rcpaint 2.8 Windows Windows typedef struct tagrect LONG left; // left x-edge of rect LONG top; // top y-edge of rect LONG right; // right x-edge of rect LONG bottom; // bottom y-edge of rect } RECT; BeginPaint(), hdc HDC hdc; // handle to graphics context Hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps) 71

33 WM_PAINT 2.8 WM_PAINT WM_DESTROY WM_DESTROY WM_QUIT PostQuitMessage() Wm_DESTROY PostQuitMessage(0) Windows WM_QUIT WinProc return(0) WinProc Windows DefaultWindowProc() Windows // process any messages that we didn t take care of return (DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam)); Windows DOS32 72

34 Windows 2 Windows // enter main event loop while(getmessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) // translate any accelerator keys TranslateMessage(&msg); // send the message to the window proc DispatchMessage(&msg); } // end while OK GetMessage() while() GetMessage() GetMessage() NULL 0 BOOL GetMessage( LPMSG lpmsg, // address of structure with message HWND hwnd, // handle of window UINT wmsgfiltermin, // first message UINT wmsgfiltermax); // last message msg Windows WinProc() msg msg WinProc MSG typedef struct tagmsg HWND hwnd; UINT message; WPARAM wparam; LPARAM lparam; DWORD time; POINT pt; } MSG; // window where message occurred // message id itself // sub qualifies message // sub qualifies message // time if message event // position of mouse WinProc() GetMessage() 73

35 TranslateMessage() TranslateMessage() DispatchMessage() GetMessage() TranslateMessage() DispatchMessage() WinProc DispatchMessage() WinProc MSG Windows 90% 2.3 Windows 2.3 Windows 74 // DEMO2_3.CPP - A complete windows program // INCLUDES /////////////////////////////////////////////// #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN // just say no to MFC #include <windows.h> // include all the windows headers #include <windowsx.h> // include useful macros #include <stdio.h> #include <math.h> // DEFINES //////////////////////////////////////////////// // defines for windows

36 2 Windows #define WINDOW_CLASS_NAME WINCLASS1 // GLOBALS //////////////////////////////////////////////// // FUNCTIONS ////////////////////////////////////////////// LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wparam, LPARAM lparam) // this is the main message handler of the system PAINTSTRUCT ps; // used in WM_PAINT HDC hdc; // handle to a device context // what is the message switch(msg) case WM_CREATE: // do initialization stuff here // return success return(0); } break; case WM_PAINT: // simply validate the window hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd,&ps); // you would do all your painting here EndPaint(hwnd,&ps); // return success return(0); } break; case WM_DESTROY: // kill the application, this sends a WM_QUIT message PostQuitMessage(0); // return success return(0); } break; default:break; } // end switch 75

37 // process any messages that we didn t take care of return (DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam)); } // end WinProc // WINMAIN //////////////////////////////////////////////// int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hinstance, HINSTANCE hprevinstance, LPSTR lpcmdline, int ncmdshow) WNDCLASSEX winclass; // this will hold the class we create HWND hwnd; // generic window handle MSG msg; // generic message // first fill in the window class structure winclass.cbsize = sizeof(wndclassex); winclass.style = CS_DBLCLKS CS_OWNDC CS_HREDRAW CS_VREDRAW; winclass.lpfnwndproc = WindowProc; winclass.cbclsextra = 0; winclass.cbwndextra = 0; winclass.hinstance = hinstance; winclass.hicon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); winclass.hcursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW); winclass.hbrbackground = GetStockObject(BLACK_BRUSH); winclass.lpszmenuname = NULL; winclass.lpszclassname = WINDOW_CLASS_NAME; winclass.hiconsm = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); // register the window class if (!RegisterClassEx(&winclass)) return(0); // create the window if (!(hwnd = CreateWindowEx(NULL, // extended style WINDOW_CLASS_NAME, // class Your Basic Window, // title WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW WS_VISIBLE, 0,0, // initial x,y 400,400, // initial width, height NULL, // handle to parent NULL, // handle to menu hinstance,// instance of this application NULL))) // extra creation parms return(0); 76

38 2 Windows // enter main event loop while(getmessage(&msg,null,0,0)) // translate any accelerator keys TranslateMessage(&msg); // send the message to the window proc DispatchMessage(&msg); } // end while // return to Windows like this return(msg.wparam); } // end WinMain /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// DEMO2_3.CPP Win32.EXE DEMO2_3.CPP CD-ROM DEMO2_3.EXE DEMO2_3.EXE GetMessage() Windows 77

39 PeekMessage() GetMessage() 78 BOOL PeekMessage( LPMSG lpmsg, // pointer to structure for message HWND hwnd, // handle to window UINT wmsgfiltermin, // first message UINT wmsgfiltermax, // last message UINT wremovemsg) // removal flags wremovemsg PM_NOREMOVE PeekMessage() PM_REMOVE PeekMessage() PeekMessage() PM_NOREMOVE GetMessage() PM_REMOVE PeekMessage() while(true) // test if there is a message in queue,if so get it if (PeekMessage(&msg, NULL,0,0,PM_REMOVE) // test if this a quit if (msg.message = = WM_QUIT) break; // translate any accelerator keys TranslateMessage( &msg ); // send the message to the window proc DispatchMessage( &msg ); } // end if // main game processing goes here Game_Main(); } // end while if (msg.message = = WM_QUIT) break; while(true) WinProc WM_DESTROY PostQuitMessage() WM_QUIT WM_QUIT

40 2 Windows Game_Main() Windows DEMO2_4.CPP CD-ROM DEMO2_4.EXE CreateWindowEx() Windows WinProc WinProc WINCLASSEX lpfnwndproc 2.11 Windows 2.11 Windows WinProc Windows WinProc

41 1 2 Windows WinProc() 2.12 Windows // create the first window if (!(hwnd = CreateWindowEx(NULL, // extended style WINDOW_CLASS_NAME, // class Window 1 Based on WINCLASS1, // title WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW WS_VISIBLE, 0,0, // initial x,y 400,400 // initial width,height NULL, // handle to parent NULL, // handle to menu hinstance, // instance of this application NULL // extra creation parms return (0); // create the second window if (!(hwnd = CreateWindowEx(NULL, // extended style WINDOW_CLASS_NAME, // class Window 2 Also Based on WINCLASS1, // title WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW WS_VISIBLE, 100,100, // initial x,y 400,400 // initial width,height NULL, // handle to parent NULL, // handle to menu hinstance, // instance of this application NULL // extra creation parms return (0); hwnd DEMO2_5.CPP CD-ROM DEMO2_5.EXE 80

42 2 Windows 2.13 Windows WM_QUIT 2.13 DEMO2_5.EXE Windows Windows Windows Windows Windows Windows 81

Microsoft PowerPoint - gp2.ppt

Microsoft PowerPoint - gp2.ppt Windows 視窗程式設計 (1) 靜宜大學資訊管理學系蔡奇偉副教授大綱 Windows 視窗系統的特性 Windows API MSDN 線上說明文件匈牙利 (Hungarian) 命名法一個最少行的 Windows 視窗程式 Windows 程式的事件處理模型視窗程式的骨架 1 Windows 視窗系統的特性圖形化的人機介面圖形顯示器視窗滑鼠 + 鍵盤 Multiprocessing