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块聆暨
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1 不料料例 : ( 料 ) 串度 8 年數串度 4 串度數數 9- ( ) 利數 struct { ; ; 數 struct 數 ; 9-2

2 數利數 C struct 數 ; C++ 數 ; struct 省略 9-3 例 ( 料例 ) struct people{ char name[]; int age; char address[4]; char phone[]; int sex; ; 數 struct people John, student[]; // C struct 不省略 people John, student[]; // C

3 欄欄. 數. 欄例 : John.age=2; printf( %s,john.name); student[].sex=; 9-5 數 struct { 數 ; ( ) 數不令 ; 9-6 3

4 例 ( 料例 ) 數 struct people{ char name[]; int age; char phone[]; John, student[]; 9-7 例 #include <stdio.h> // struct people{ char name[]; int age; char phone[2]; ; void main(){ // 利數 struct people student[]; int i; for (i=;i<5; i++){ printf(" %d ",i+); scanf( %s,student[i].name); // 欄 9-8 4

5 printf(" %d 年 ",i+); scanf("%d",&(student[i].age)); // 欄 printf(" %d ",i+); scanf("%s",student[i].phone); // 欄 printf("%s %4s %2s\n"," "," 年 "," "); for (i=;i<5;i++) printf("%s%4d%2s\n",student[i].name,student[i].age, student[i].phone); // 欄 9-9 料料列料例 : struct people John={ John,5, ; struct people a[2]={{ John,5, 93574, { Mary,4, ; 9-5

6 料料欄數欄例 : struct people John; strcpy(john.name, John ); John.age=5; 數例 : struct people John,a; a=john; 9- 欄數欄句. 數欄 -> ( ) 念說 struct people *p, a; p.age=5; // 不 p a.age=5; // a 數 *p.age=5; // 不. * p.age *p.age *(p.age) (*p).age=5; // 9-2 6

7 #include <stdio.h> // struct people{ char name[]; // bytes int age; // 4 bytes char phone[2]; // 2 bytes ; // +4+2=26 bytes void main(){ // 利數 struct people student[]; struct people *p; 9-3 student[].age=; p=&student[]; (*p).age=5; p->age=5; 9-4 7

8 -> -> ( ) 例 : struct people *p; (*p).age=5; p->age=5; -> - > 不 9-5 int 4( sizeof(int)) float 4( sizeof(float)) double 8( sizeof(double)) char ( sizeof(char)) byte 數 9-6 8

9 數料數 sizeof 數 byte 數欄 byte 數行度欄料數例 (struct member alignment=) struct people{ char name[]; // bytes int age; // 4 bytes char phone[2]; // 2 bytes ; // +4+2=26 bytes 9-7 例 #include <stdio.h> struct people{ char name[]; // bytes int age; // 4 bytes char phone[2]; // 2 bytes ; void main(){ struct people student[]; struct people *p; int i; printf(" byte 數 =%d\n",sizeof(struct people)); p=&(student[]); 9-8 9

10 printf("befor add, =%p\n",p); printf("\taddress of age=%p\n",&(p->age)); p++; printf("after add, =%p\n",p); 9-9 數參數 (call by value) 不數料 (call by address) 9-2

11 #include <stdio.h> struct people{ char name[]; // bytes int age; // 4 bytes char phone[2]; // 2 bytes ; 例 void input(struct people a){ // printf(" ="); scanf("%s",a.name); printf(" 年 ="); scanf("%d",&(a.age)); printf(" ="); scanf("%s",a.phone); 9-2 void input(struct people *a){ // printf(" ="); scanf("%s",a->name); printf(" 年 ="); scanf("%d",&(a->age)); printf(" ="); scanf("%s",a->phone); void main(){ struct people stu={"john",2,"9"; input(stu); // 數 printf("age=%d\n",stu.age); input(&stu); // 數 printf("age=%d\n",stu.age); 9-22

12 例 ( 數 ) #include <stdio.h> struct complex{ float real; float imag; ; struct complex add(struct complex a, struct complex b){ struct complex c; c.real=a.real+b.real; c.imag=a.imag+b.imag; return c; 9-23 例 ( 數 ) void main(){ struct complex x={,2; struct complex y={-3,5; struct complex z; z=add(x,y); printf("z=%5.2f+j%5.2f\n",z.real,z.imag);

13 typedef 料料例 : typedef ; typedef unsigned char BYTE; typedef struct people People; People a,b,c; 9-25 typedef 例 ( 數 ) #include <stdio.h> struct complex{ float real; float imag; ; typedef struct complex Complex; Complex add(complex a, Complex b){ Complex c; c.real=a.real+b.real; c.imag=a.imag+b.imag; return c;

14 void main(){ Complex x={,2; Complex y={-3,5; Complex z; z=add(x,y); printf("z=%5.2f+j%5.2f\n",z.real,z.imag); 9-27 typedef 例 : ( typedef ) struct people{ char name[]; // bytes int age; // 4 bytes char phone[2]; // 2 bytes ; typedef struct people People;

15 ( typedef ) typedef struct people{ char name[]; // bytes int age; // 4 bytes char phone[2]; // 2 bytes People; typedef struct people 不 typedef struct { char name[]; // bytes int age; // 4 bytes char phone[2]; // 2 bytes People; 9-29 例 : typedef struct { // typedef, char name[]; int age; John; // John 例 : struct { // typedef, char name[]; int age; John; // John 數 9-3 5

16 union union (structure) 料欄 union 欄例 struct data{ ; int x; float y; x y struct 欄 x 欄 y 不 x,y union 欄 x 欄 y 9-3 union union 類留 struct union union 利 union 數 union union { ; union 數 union 數 ;

17 union 例 #include <stdio.h> union number{ int x; double y; ; void main(){ union number value; value.x=; printf( x=%d, y=%f\n,value.x,value.y); value.y=.; printf( x=%d, y=%f\n,value.x,value.y); 9-33 And (&) Or ( ) Exclusive or (^) Not ~ >> <<

18 >> << A>>n 數 A n A<<n 數 A n A>>=n 數 A n A A<<=n 數 A n A 9-35 數 2 數 2 數 (zero extension) 數 (sign extension)

19 例 #include <stdio.h> void main(){ short int x=x7; // 6 short int y=x8; unsigned short int z=x8; printf("x=%hd,y=%hd,z=%hu\n",x,y,z); printf("x>>=%hx,%hd\n",x>>,x>>); //6 printf("y>>=%hx,%hd\n",y>>,y>>); printf("z>>=%hx,%hd\n",z>>,z>>); 9-38 例 short int A=x7; short int B=x8; unsigned short C=x8; B>> C A>> C>> B A

20 (and) and & 邏 and && 例 : A=x, B=xff A&B 邏 A&&B 不 (A True B True) 邏不 True A B A& B 9-39 #include <stdio.h> void main(){ int A=x,B=xFF; and 邏 and printf( A&B=%X\n,A&B); // and printf( A&&B=%X\n,A&&B); // 邏 and 9-4 2

21 (or) or 邏 or 例 : A=x, B=xff A B xff A B 不 (A True B True), A B A B 9-4 #include <stdio.h> void main(){ int A=x,B=xFF; or 邏 or printf( A B=%X\n,A B); // or printf( A B=%X\n,A B); // 邏 or

22 And or and, and 不 a &= a&=a or 不, or a =a a = xor 不, xor 更 a^=a a^=a inverse 9-43 例 #include <stdio.h> void main(){ short int num,i; unsigned short mask=x8; mask 8 printf("num="); num b mask&n scanf("%d",&num); um for (i=;i<6;i++){ putchar(num&mask?'':''); b 5 num<<=; b

23 not not 料 not ~ 例 : int x=,y; y=~x; // y not 邏 not not ~ 邏 not! 例 int x,y; x=; y=~x; // y 55 y=!x; // y // x 不 y

24 欄欄欄 int unsigned 例 : struct data{ unsigned a:3; unsigned b:5; unsigned c:7; ; 欄 a 3 欄 b 5 欄 c 欄欄不欄例 : struct data{ unsigned a:3; unsigned :5; unsigned c:7; ;

25 欄度欄度欄例 struct data{ unsigned a:3; unsigned :; unsigned c:7; ; a c 9-49 列來留列 (enumerate) 列留數行列利列數 enum enum { ; enum 數 union 數 ;

26 列數列數數列列數數數列 9-5 列例 #include <stdio.h> enum months{ JAN=, FEB, MAR, APR, MAY, JUN, JUL, AUG, SEP, OCT, NOV, DEC; void main(){ enum months; const char *monthname[]={, January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December ; for (month=jan; month<=dec; month++) printf( %2d%s\n, month, monthname[month]);

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