Measurement of the branching fraction of ψ e + e η c Limin Gu 1, Xinxin Ma 2, Shihai Zhu 3, Shuangshi Fang 2, Haibo Li 2, Shenjian Chen 1 1 NanJing Un
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1 Measurement of the branching fraction of ψ e + e η c Limin Gu 1, Xinxin Ma 2, Shihai Zhu 3, Shuangshi Fang 2, Haibo Li 2, Shenjian Chen 1 1 NanJing University 2 Institute of High Energy Physics 3 University of Science and Technology LiaoNing June18, 2019 Limin Gu Charmonium Group Meeting June18, / 25
2 Outline 1 Motivation 2 Data Sample 3 Analysis Method 4 Event Selection 5 Systematic Uncertainties 6 Summary Limin Gu Charmonium Group Meeting June18, / 25
3 Motivation I The electromagnetic(em) Dalitz decay, ψ e + e η c, provides an ideal opportunity to probe the structure of ψ and to investigate the interactions between ψ and virtual photon. L. G. Landsberg, Sov. Phys. Usp. 28, 435 (1985) L. G. Landsberg, Phys. Rept. 128, 301 (1985) The M1 transition, ψ γη c, is a significant process to understand the spin interactions between charmonium states. In experiment, the ratio R = Γ ( ψ e + e η c ) Γ (ψ γη c) (1) can be used to test theoretical models, where many uncertainties can be cancelled. Limin Gu Charmonium Group Meeting June18, / 25
4 Motivation II In experiment, the EM Dalitz decays of light unflavored vector mesons (ρ 0, ω, φ) have been widely observed. M. Tanabashi et al. [Particle Data Group], Phys. Rev. D 98, no. 3, (2018) Recently, several decays of charmonium vector mesons (J/ψ, ψ ) to light pseudo-scalar mesons are studied in theory and observed by BESIII experiment. J.Fu, H.B.Li, X.Qin and M.Z.Yang, Mod.Phys.Lett.A27,125022(2012) M. Ablikim et al. [BESIII Collaboration], Phys. Rev. D 89, no. 9, (2014) M. Ablikim et al. [BESIII Collaboration], Phys. Lett. B 783, 452 (2018) This is the first time to measurement the branching fraction of B(ψ e + e η c) at BESIII. Limin Gu Charmonium Group Meeting June18, / 25
5 Data Sample Data: - (448.1 ± 2.9) 10 6 ψ events taken at s = GeV in 2009 ((107.0 ± 0.8) 10 6 ) and 2012 ((341.1 ± 2.1)10 6 ) pb 1 QED continuum data taken at s = GeV in 2009 Monte Carlo: - Official 506 Million inclusive Monte Carlo sample - Exclusive Monte Carlo Sample: Decay chain Generated Description ψ e + e η c, η c X Signal Monte Carlo - In simulation, ψ e + e η c is generated with the DalitzJPLL generator. arxiv: [hep-ph] BOSS version : p03 dγ ( ψ P l + l ) 1 + cos 2 θ (2) d cos θ Limin Gu Charmonium Group Meeting June18, / 25
6 Analysis Method In this EM Dalitz decay, ψ e + e η c, we have the following formula: N obs sig = N ψ B sig ε sig, (3) where N obs sig is the observed signal events, N ψ is the total number of ψ event, B sig is the branching fraction the measured signal mode, and ε sig is the reconstruction efficiency of the signal mode. To observe more signal events and improve the statistical significance, we just reconstruct the lepton pair instead of reconstructing the η c to improve the efficiency ε sig. After reconstructing the lepton pair, we look at the recoiling mass of the lepton pair, RM(e + e ), to obtain the signal yields. RM ( e + e ) = (E ψ E e + E e ) 2 (p ψ p e + p e ) 2 (4) Limin Gu Charmonium Group Meeting June18, / 25
7 Event Selection Good Charged Tracks Selection - distance of the track from interaction position on x-y plane: R xy < 1 cm - distance of the track from interaction position in z direction: R z < 10 cm - the polar angle of the track: cosθ < 0.93 Electron/Positron PID - de/dx + TOF + EMC prob(e) - > 0.8 prob(e)+prob(π)+prob(k) N e + >= 1 and N e >= 1 - p e + < 0.8 GeV - Loop all e + and e pairs Limin Gu Charmonium Group Meeting June18, / 25
8 Suppess γ Conversion Events In the process with one or more photons, the photon will subsequently convert into an electron-positron pair in the beam pipe or inner of MDC. R xy is the distance from the reconstructed vertex point of electron-positron pair to point (0, 0, 0) in x y plane. We require R xy < 2 cm to suppress γ conversion events, 0.1 signal MC inclusive MC data R xy (cm) Limin Gu Charmonium Group Meeting June18, / 25
9 Requirement on θ(e + e ) To further suppress background, we require θ(e + e ) < 40 Background yields reduce 49.0%, while signal yield reduce 14.8% signal MC inclusive MC data S+B S/ θ e + e ( ) θ e + e ( ) Limin Gu Charmonium Group Meeting June18, / 25
10 Veto π 0 /η γe + e Events M(γe + e ) is the invariant mass of the electron-positron pair and any selected photon in one event. We veto the event, if M(γe + e ) is in the mass window of π 0 or η ( i.e. (0.115, 0.150) GeV or (0.505, 0.570) GeV ). 0.1 signal MC inclusive MC data M(γe + e )(GeV/c Limin Gu Charmonium Group Meeting June18, / 25 2 )
11 Veto ψ π + π J/ψ Events We loop all good positive-charge-track and negative-charge-track pairs (including the electron-positron pair) and suppos they are π + -π pair. We veto the event, if RM(π + π ) in the mass window of J/ψ ( i.e. (3.090, 3.104) GeV/c 2 ) signal MC inclusive MC data RM(π + π )(GeV/c Limin Gu Charmonium Group Meeting June18, / 25 2 )
12 Background Distribution I An unbinned maximum likelihood fit to RM(e + e ) is performed to obtain signal yield The distribution of RM(e + e ) for inclusive MC indicates that background from ψ is a flat distribution, and it can be described by the third order Chebyshev polynomial. ) 2 events/(10mev/c inclusive MC Limin Gu Charmonium Group Meeting RM(e e )(GeV/c June18, ) / 25
13 Background Distribution II A possible peaking background comes from continuum two photon process e + e e + e η c. We fit data taken at s = 3.65 GeV. The signal shape is described by the shape derived from signal MC convoluted with a Gaussian function. The background shape is described by the third order Chebychev polynomial function. ) 2 events/(10mev/c Nsig = 27 +/ 21 Nbkg = / 73 s=3.65gev RM(e e )(GeV/c 2 ) Limin Gu Charmonium Group Meeting June18, / 25
14 Background Distribution III Then we use the following formula N com N com 3.65 L3.686 L 3.65 m m (5) and obtain N com (378 ± 293) Actually, σ(e + e e + e η c) nb D. M. Asner et al., Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 24, S1 (2009) Using the formula σ 1 σ 2 1/s 1 1/s 2, we can derive that σ(e + e e + e η c) nb. With integrated luminosity L ( about 695 pb 1 ), we can estimate that N(e + e e + e η c) With the ɛ 20%, we can estimate that N(e + e e + e η c) observe , which is consistent with the number above. The two photon process is described by the shape determined from data taken at s = 3.65 GeV with the number of events fixed at scaled value N com = 378. Limin Gu Charmonium Group Meeting June18, / 25
15 Input and Output Check Input : B(ψ e + e η c) = M signal Monte Carlo + 400M official inclusive Monte Carlo. Efficiency ɛ = 18.04% Output : B(ψ e + e η c) = (1.99 ± 0.04) IO result keeps consistent within statistical uncertainty. ) 2 events/(10mev/c Nsig = / 255 Nbkg = / 321 Input&Output RM(e e )(GeV/c 2 ) Limin Gu Charmonium Group Meeting June18, / 25
16 Branching Fraction B(ψ e + e η c ) The Branching fraction is B(ψ e + e η c) = (4.20 ± 0.62) The statistical significance of this channel is 29.2 σ. 2 ) events/(10mev/c Nsig = / 500 Nbkg = / 627 data RM(e e )(GeV/c 2 ) Figure: Distribution of RM(e + e ) in ψ data. The signal shape is described by Monte Carlo shape function smeared with a Gaussian function, background shape is described by a third order Chebychev polynomial function added the shape, which is determined from QED continuum data with the number of events fixed at scaled value N com Limin Gu Charmonium Group Meeting June18, / 25
17 Systematic Uncertainties I The tracking efficiency of electron has been studied in process J/ψ e + e (γ F SR) and ψ π + π J/ψ, J/ψ l + l. And the uncertainty is set to be 1.0% per track. BAM-00237, BAM The PID efficiency of electron are by analyzing radiative Bhabha events at s = GeV. To acquire the uncertainties, we weight the PID efficiencies in different cosθ and total momentum p. The total total uncertainties are obtained by the following equation ɛ PID = i,j ( ɛ PID ij ω PID ij ) (6) And the uncertainties is set to be 1.2% per track. Limin Gu Charmonium Group Meeting June18, / 25
18 Systematic Uncertainties II γ conversion cut The systematic uncertainty due to γ conversion cut R xy < 2 is 1.0%, which has been studied with a highly pure sample of J/ψ π + π π 0, π 0 γe + e. M. Ablikim et al. [BESIII Collaboration], Phys. Rev. D 89, no. 9, (2014) θ e + e cut We vary the cut value in the range (35, 45) and use the maximum change of branching fraction as the systematic uncertainty. The uncertainties is set to be 5.7% Limin Gu Charmonium Group Meeting June18, / 25
19 Systematic Uncertainties III veto π 0 γe + e We change the cut value within ±1σ and use the maximum change of branching fraction as the systematic uncertainty. The uncertainties is set to be 3.5% veto η γe + e We change the cut value within ±1σ and use the maximum change of branching fraction as the systematic uncertainty. The uncertainties is set to be 4.0% veto ψ π + π J/ψ We change the cut value within ±1σ and use the maximum change of branching fraction as the systematic uncertainty. The uncertainties is set to be 0.7% Limin Gu Charmonium Group Meeting June18, / 25
20 Systematic Uncertainties IV Table: Summary of systematic uncertainties Source B(ψ e + e η c ) Tracking 2.0% PID 2.4% R xy cut 1.0% θ e + e cut 5.7% veto π 0 γe + e 3.5% veto η γe + e 4.0% veto ψ π + π J/ψ 0.7% Total 8.5% Limin Gu Charmonium Group Meeting June18, / 25
21 Summary We obtain the branching fraction B(ψ e + e η c) = (4.20 ± 0.62 ± 0.36) With the branching fraction of B(ψ γη c) in PDG, we obtain the ratio R = Γ ( ) ψ e + e η c = (1.2 ± 0.27) 10 2 (7) Γ (ψ γη c) Thank You! Limin Gu Charmonium Group Meeting June18, / 25
22 BACK UP Limin Gu Charmonium Group Meeting June18, / 25
23 DalitzJPLL Generator arxiv: T ( ( ψ P l + l ) fv 2 = 16π 2 α 2 P q 2 ) 2 q 4 h T (8) h T = 2m 2 ψ { ( k 1 k 2 q 2 x + qy 2 + 2qz 2 ) + 2q 2 z (k 1x k 2x + k 1y k 2y ) 2q z k 2z (k 1x q x + k 1y q y ) 2q z k 1z (k 2x q x + k 2y q y ) ( + 2k 1z k 2z q 2 x + qy 2 ) + m 2 ( l q 2 x + qy 2 + 2qz 2 ) } (9) Limin Gu Charmonium Group Meeting June18, / 25
24 DalitzJPLL Generator arxiv: cos(θ) Limin Gu Charmonium Group Meeting June18, / 25
25 Distribution of cos θ cos(θ) cos(θ) Limin Gu Charmonium Group Meeting June18, / 25
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