QUATERNARY SC IENCES Vol. 26, No. 3 May, (2006) (, ),, ( ), 11548, 90%,, m, 217

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1 QUATERNARY SC IENCES Vol. 26, No. 3 May, (2006) (, ),, ( 16854), 11548, 90%,, m, km;,,,,,,: 1) ( 50179% )( 24163% ) ; 2) ; 3) P , P968 A 1 111,, km 2, km 2, 18000km, 32000km [ 1 ], ( 1), NE - SW, ;,, ( 16854), % ( 4% ), 11548, 3517%, 5934, 3514% ; 5614, 36% : 1773, 1696, 1679 [ 2 ] ; 40, %, 1115, 1814% ; 6150 [ 3 ] 90%, 113,,,, ,, ( 2) : 24 E2mail: gw709@ sina. com ,

2 486 第四纪研究 2006 年图 1 中国自然地理概况图 4 南海海底地形图 Fig. 1 Physical geography of China Fig. 4 Submarine bottom topography of South China Sea 图年中国各省国民生产总值专题图 Fig. 3 Thematic map of Provincial GDP of China 图 5 西沙群岛及中沙海槽海底地形模拟 [ 6 ] Fig. 5 DEM of submarine bottom of Xisha Island and Zhongsha Island

3 3 : Fig. 2 D istribution map of three major harbour group s in China (Malacca Strait) ( Sunda Strait) (,, 1440nm ile, 1850 nm ile),,,,, 212 [ 4 ] 31 [ 2 ], GIS [ 5 ] ( 3) 2, 211, km 2,1212m, NE - NS, NE - SW,, NW - SE E - W,,, [ 6 ] ( 4) : ( 5),, 6 [ 7 ] Fig. 6 Regional map ofmalacca Strait and its peripheral areas

4 ,,,, 2km [ 7, 8 ],,, (,,6), ( 6),1000km, 25, 1790km, 435km, 113m,,20,( Sunda Trench) (Men tawai,, 1000km, km 2,240km, Mountains),, [ 7 9 ] , km, 1 [ 12 ] (m) Table 1 D imensions of container ship, km 2, Island ) ( Barisan 1000TEU > 2000TEU > 3000TEU 2800TEU 4500TEU HDW Sansung (1995) 4800TEU (1998) 5500TEU Odense (1997) 7000TEU L B D d [ ] ( 10 4 TEU) Table 2 Statistic data of annual cargo volumes of the world largest ten container harbours during

5 3 : , ,9112 ( 35% ),, 4628 ( 50179% ), 2245 ( 24163% ), 1391 ( 18152% ), 93194% [ 10 ] :, 30%, 80%,, 90%, , 1773, [ 11 ] : ,,, ( 1) ( 65000DW T ),, :,, 8, 60% 31213,,, ( 2),,,,, (R e fe rence s) 1.. :, W ang Ying. Marine Geography of China. Beijing: Science Press, www. stats. gov. cn W ebsite ofnationalbureau of Statistics of China. www. stats. gov. cn 3. www. moc. gov. cn W ebsite of M inistry of Communications of the Peop leπs Republic of China. www. moc. gov. cn 4.., 2004, 24 (3) : W u Songdi. Trade ports and their hinterland and the space course of Chinaπs modernization. Hebei Academ ic Journal, 2004, 24 ( 3 ) : www. nfgis. nsdi. gov. cn W ebsite of National Fundamental Geographic Information System of China. www. nfgis. nsdi. gov. cn 6,.., 2003, 39 (6) : W ang Ying, Ma Jingsong. Characteristics of submarine geomorphology, natural resources distribution and border interm ittent lines of the South China Sea. Journal of N anjing University (Natural Sciences), 2003, 39 (6) : Plummer C C, McGeary D. Physical Geology with Interactive Plate Tectonics. Dubuque in United States: Wm. C. B rown Publishers, Chua T E, Ingrid R L, Adrian R et al. Pollution B ulletin, 2000, 41 (1 6) : TheMalacca Straits. M arine 9, , 2005, 12 (1) : Ma Zongjin, Ye Hong. The Dec Sumatra - Andaman earthquake: Tectonic setting and the Tsunam i disaster. Earth Science F rontiers, 2005, 12 (1) : , 2004, 26 (7) : 4 7

6 Q in Xiao. Energy transport in the strategy of China energy supp ly safety. China Energy, 2004, 26 (7) : www. shipp ingchina. com W ebsite of International Shipping L ine. www. shipp ingchina. com 12.. :, Yan Kai. Coastal Engineering. Beijing: China Ocean Press, www. cscl. com. cn W ebsite of China Shipping Container L ines Co., L td. www. cscl. com. cn 14. www. yict. com. cn W ebsite of Yantian International Container Terminals. www. yict. com. cn 15. www. hutchison2whampoa. com W ebsite of Hutchison2W hampoa L im ited. www. hutchison2whampoa. com NAV IGAT IO N RO UTE O F M ALACCA STRA IT SO UTH CH INA SEA AND MOD ERN ECO NOM IC D EVELO PM ENT O F CH INA Guo W ei W ang Ying ( The Key Laboratory of Coastal and Island D evelopm ent, M inistry of Education, N anjing University, N anjing ) Abstract The East China coast is composed of a series of A rc Islands formed by the Pacific Plate subducting to the A sian Continental Plate. Several channels between these A rc Islands, such as the Tsugaru Strait, Korea Strait, O sum i Strait, B ashi Channel, Sunda Strait and M alacca Strait are the gateways of marine transportation route which connects China with the rest of the world. By the year of 2004, according to statistic data the GrossDomestic Product ( GDP) of China was trillion RMB ( about 1168 trillion US dollars), with the annual increase rate of 9. 5% compared with the year of The sum of foreign trade in GDP was trillion USD in 2004, w ith the net increasing rate of 35. 7% compared w ith It should be m entioned that 90% of Chinese foreign trade is through m arine transportation, and the M alacca Strait South China Sea navigate route carries out most of the cargos. Malacca Strait is on the Sunda Plate with shallow water, and the international marine route is only km in width and m in dep th. The South China Sea is the biggestmarginal sea between ContinentalA sia and the Pacific Ocean, w ith the main subm arine geomorphology including a rhom b shaped oceanic central basin, block - stepp ing shaped continental slopes on both sides of the central basin, and continental shelves that mainly distribute on the north, west and south side of the South China Sea. The International Ship L ine in South China Sea is through the Zhongsha Trough between Xisha Island ( Paracel Island) and Zhongsha Island (M acclesfield B ank), then passes by the m iddle of XiweiBank and L izhun Bank in the west side of Nansha Island ( Sp ratly Island) to the M alacca Strait. Nowadays, Malacca Strait South China Sea navigation route is critical to China Econom ic development not only in petroleum transportation but also in China overseas trade route. For examp le, petroleum imports of China from M iddle East ( % of total) and Africa ( % of total) are both through this route. In addition, the China E. U. trade and China U. S. ( East Coast) trade are both largely through this route, and it is also the major, if not the only link between China and other East A sia harbours, especially for large sized container ship (65000DW T). The Malacca Strait South China Sea navigation route, as the throat of marine transportation to modern China econom ic developm ent, thus need to be paid more attention on its safety and smooth function. Key words Malacca Strait, South China Sea, submarine geology and geomorphology, navigation route

3 : 3 285, ( 1) 2 1 Fig11 CD cover of the Electronic Version of the National Physical A tlas of China 211 ( 2), ;, ;, ; 2 Fig12 System structure of th

3 : 3 285, ( 1) 2 1 Fig11 CD cover of the Electronic Version of the National Physical A tlas of China 211 ( 2), ;, ;, ; 2 Fig12 System structure of th 10 3 2008 6 GEO2INFORMATION SC IENCE Vol110, No13 Jun1, 2008 3 : :,, (, 100101) (1) ( ),,, ; (2) :, ( ) ; (3) :,,,,, : ; ; ; ; 1 [ 1, 2 ] 50,,,, 70% [ 3 ] : 20,,...,, 2001 21, [ 4 ] ( ) [ 5 ],,,, 540 315