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1 ر ن وزرت ر د و در و ر د ()* &' % و $ر + +!"# 6 7 و 345 د /012 &' % و $ر د, 8 ;<=>9: د 1

2 BC D EF BC G? HI!"# $% &'( " "/ 0' ) *+# '4512 *"3 ") 6"78" 9") :!"# 7/ # $ $/ 7 / 1392 A +2 / >"?@ ! &'("#$% )*+ *, $ &'( '#/% '#,( % '( * ' $ EF $ G3 HI3 9' $3 J$1) "I 2

3 5 G?$ 1 8 F/ 2 9 6/ P"I#2 '82 F/ L$?* M N$OO $ G"+) 22 10G"Q? J$1) F F/ *# G? "? F/ G? RS E1 ' F/ " F/ ?$( F/ F/ F F/ U ' F/ ? 9"@2 F/ 'U(G 3 15'U(G %# " V+8 3?W $ $2 P) $X 'U(G 'U(G &?O W 6'* F 8M '/ 6A*' 4 22'/ *'/ 14 23GEM Z* GEM '/ %[? Z* 34 28&]( Z G"3+ 3?W % F 8M /$ 5 31 M Q N$OO /$ 6 3

4 37 6 (*+$) E74^ *)!"# 'F 7 38* %2 %# * 1%^ "AF* 27 39V F 47 41?"8' Q P Q Q *0" Q *% 0'L E74^ / H 10 49G3a QI b* G3a QI *3 G * 'Uc ' / *2 G" 9"F E74^ G"[ E1 F "( F ' RS % ) "? %"X( E* F$/ " $1) Q% / 15 65& & I7 G"3d 17 4

5 e :* "2 >IS $X G"3d &8 1 ( 9:( ;$ '+ 2 %# A$# G $ G?$ A 9' % * *32 X" G"?3 e' 6 g8 G7 * * '1 6/ %2 2 $X 6/!"# * + 6/ X( E74^ f ' P) G $X ' h( 4" 2003 Z 9"S e G?$ A* P"+Q2 h'*2 " Z ^ $ * d7 $X 133 3?W %"2 G?$ : 4" 2014 e i $# 3 " 2M *'/ ' *"j"("!' : k 'F & Z *35 * * G $ $X 189 &S A *35 G?$ e " F E82 E"? G ( :G"Q? G%l :J 4 " $ E*" :F$8 U E1 G ( :6U ' F G'+) :%7 U 6$O $ P+X g *35 *$ P P'n Z* o ' [?m 'F 9' F e' * 6$' 1 ١ Ease of Doing Business Index ٢ World Bank ٣ Complexity and cost of regulatory processes ٤ Strength of legal institutions 5

6 9D ('F) /3 33/3 33/3 33/3 33/3 33/3 33/3 33/3 33/3 33/3 33/3 33/3 16/6 16/6 16/6 16/6 16/6 16/6 $= C B ( 9:( ;$ "?;@ A B 1 <'= "?;@ (*'+ ^ G"?3 k 9'/ 2 G gfq I) *32) P) *32 (F f"1 *'/ g8 gfq 6F!$) 6F (G"?3 Fr/ F" $ ' P*) ' G% : */ *a ) ( */ *a ) P) *32 (F) 6F ( */ *a ) P) *32 (F)6F ( */ *a ) P) *32 (F)6F ( */ *a ) "? ' P*) ' ' ' (Z *32) G ( (Z G7) 6F ( $ *a ) E"? P s (*a ) " t$7 E"? (*a ) E"? ' ( *32) E a (F) E a gfq 6F (" F q ) E a ' ( *32) E (F) E gfq 6F (" F q ) E ' ' 67 8 ( 9:( 18 (* M * *'* G"?3 k p$ &?O) H I7 J K8 G"?3 Fr/ G gfq F$8 >IS P)) (* LB "B 55 ( F ( Q'Q? L p$ &?O ) #); MN ( A G"Q? J$1) G%l p$ &?O ) #; 7O? Z e'!$ AF* G F ( '*'/ ) (* M * *' E"? G ( F E82 ( F ( $X ' 82 G"?3 g8 G?$ 6" ) B 2M *'/ ' *"j"( $ E* 6

7 9D ('F) 62/5 37/5 33/3 33/3 33/3 33/3 33/3 33/3 100 Source: DOING BUSINESS 2014 (010) $ J$1) E* (06) %7 E74^ H+7 (6q *a )? 2 &$( (6q *a ) a$ (010) X 3$2 (010) '* G"?$v 3$2 &$( 6* G$ "132 G?$ 6* F G'+) E* (F) 6F ($7 *a ) ( *32) ' (Z) 6F (' F *a ) ' ' (q G) F s (' $ 3 0 Q2 Q2 3 1) 67 8 $1) %7 Eq % Uu :G%l G"3d ) %7 U ( E4"2 $ 6U ' F G'+) G G"I 6* J$1) F 6$ G'+) 6" ) ( F ( g7 (G $1) 7 F g ' 6" ") 6$' G ( B 7

8 P I7 *( :G"+ g / G$X ' 3$2 'F 0 Z$a F Q' F/ 8 :G? I*) $i) a$ G"Q? J$1) F Gw[) : F/ F $ *13 0 F$ :G"+ Q[2 9' * *$ $X ' 3$2 G' * 3$2 N$# 3$2 G+ : 6 2 F/ G+ G) G 0) 6 1 *'+ $X $ G"? Z F F/ "AF* g* " %3 Em q 2 * h"' " : "F 9' %3 1 Em F Q' $+7 UG" lm &1 :6/ P"I#2 E74^ /V+ A Fr/ : 1W G" :I G"?$1 :h"' " G"?3 AF$) 6$ 0 G $X q " 9' 'X 9'3 X q E$a 6$ Z F * E3?W II+?9" 6F G$X F/ ' $X P / V F h"' " f / A E74^ 3 E74^ *) :Q'/ $ EF : Z$( II+?9" J*a "M II+?9" Em A* A [ X( 8M F [" "x $ G A*/ G 5 $ $X 185 F/ : 4" Z F/ G :?$( F/ :G? RS :2"? F/ : F F/ :G"Q? J$1) 'F 10 G A* '1? 9"@2 F/ U 6 1 zw & ' ' F/ :82 F/ : F/ G%y "l@2 F/ U ^ 9' f ١ Index of Economic Freedom ٢ The Heritage Foundation ٣ IMF: International Monetary Fund ٤ EIU: Economist Intelligence Unit ٥ ٢٠١٣ Index of Economic Freedom 8

9 9"j+ G A $ $X go e' F/ {%'12 $X 1 6" ( F$/ P"% F 3$2 2q o$w F F/ 2q o$w $X * $ 2V * G% *$ P T#,S% "H% P 67 80;' Q R R 12 G H) : 6" F/ >'32 h"' " b :*"?$2 : F/ 3 e' *' G? :V *Q G F/ 9' F GM# G'+) :G? &1 * EM * F/ {4 U 8' F/ 9' ' *# A G) F/ q ' : " * ' V'F$2 :*"?$2? % X g*7 g$[ F/ :h"' " L$?* ' ' F % Gw[) $M 2 G? $i) "$2 * E* q b 9' F g* *'+ A [ A A*9""32 A* F" 9"" :A*/ G $ AF G 6* F/ F F/ "AF* $U " M *a 2 [a 9" F" : ' F" f $ *$ $X e' F/ ' F" G A* 0"12 P'n Z* o 1%^ h( $X G"3d P 67 8 # V 5 B +2( #D 'B "JMU 2 <'= "JMU + 2( '% # #D F/ /9 F/ {%' /9!$ F/ /9 {%' F + Source: 2013 Index of Economic Freedom : *# G? :6$ G"+) 9 O F/ A* P"QX2 "x * F F E1 ' 9

10 1 #*( W22 Z f * F F/ G"Q? J$1) P+X 6$ G"+) $ * 6$ G"+) 9" +"1 W :h"' " 4" *"?$2 *a /4 *!$ F :* $% 9 9' " Z 5 ^ '$X I? *"?$2 q * 9"" Q"?) :*A $ $ * *a 3 F + :* 2 I? A*' 6$ G"+) '$X 3#); LJW 122 6$ 2 a$ G"Q? V"+82 '$2 :F u# Ia P$7 F * &' 3 82 G"?3 6"+^ 'd $ $3 G"Q? $ * *$ 9' F * *$ 9+' :G"Q? I A F*}( */ P"% F I$7 }Q3? *'+ F*}( $ */ F XS E* *I 0"M2 $ 8 g F G? G"Q? I 'F Z+) ' E"? q s :G' g q s 6'/ U ' P'+2 & n$[ F 'i 0" F/ P"% F ' [?m :"x 9' F" 9""32 :h"' " b^ F G"Q? I :AX G"+Q) H'*2 :A* >'32 ~F gm :G? F $ G'+) E*32 'i E+"+2 ns2 "@2 : "i A$ :G? " M * a$ &S G"Q? ١ Rule of Law ٢ GDP per capita 3 Property Rights 0

11 1 : P 222 F/ G $1) :" :7+ : >IS P$7 F? P+X 9' * *#! "+^ 8' P"? f4 :n : 0 PrX 6'/ &'$ g$ N :A$ 6$O $ $ *1 G"?3 G? G? 6" 9" +"1 W A$+ * 2M G"[ ' F :* Fb[ o4 9'2Ia * " 9' F" G V' 6 6$7 6$2 2 'S ;32 A* P'n o * G? RS 2"? F/ P+X 9 9' :G 3 % #; P 132 6/ F $ RS 9"@2 G? G E"? +2 E"? k$d$ 9' (&) &' ' F *$ l@ 6/ F G G"?3 * A [ G *$ A+ 3 F/ zw (&') & {2d :G? RS A E"? s y*) : */ E"? s y*) F 2"? F/ 9""32 F" $ A [ (GDPI? *"?$2 F *a ) $M 0/03 α 9' %# E"? H'^ F G? */ 6" G " *7 [?m 9' F e' $ 1 Freedom from Corruption ٢ Limited Government 3 Fiscal freedom 1

12 W "x e' 6$7 E3?W F " 1 ; Y Z 232 (GDP F *a ) G? RS 6" I */ G% G? RS 6 $ 'F $ A [ G? AF* &8 "3 X * QO$ 9' O G G? AF* 6 $ 2 $ $M 0/03 α 9' %# A* 6X (G/GDP) G X" F/ 2 J (42 o *?$( F/ " F/ : F/ P 9 9' :G A* P'n 3 (9:( P 142 $2 a$ &S!$2 Z4# :Fr/ '$2 F/ P7 A F PQX * 6X? E1 9"$ F A* 8' G' *# 6" e' k e"2$ P) *32 :F *2%7 G $X e' A$#!%2 e' k ' : $ ba G"?3 e' k F *32 : G"?3 F *32 : G"?3 k F$8 e' G' *'/ *32 : G"?3 F :F$8 G' ' :F$8 G' e"2$ P) *32 : ' GXF s G"?3 Z4# ' : F" F$8 G' $ ba G"?3 Z4# G"?3 e' Z4# g ١ Government Expenditure ٢ Regulatory Efficiency ٣ Business Freedom 2

13 Ia V% 1 ( # P 242 * $2 $ $X F $ N$OO >IS $ 9' *+ %# e G?$ : 9' %# A * F/ A F 9"" + P*) G% 6$j+ '"x F 9' %# G ( A$ d R S 6" : E7 6 $ 6" : $ A [ G* F Z[ 2 ;O P 342 F" %# * G?!$2 +" Z G+" E%l F "3 9' +" Z }c A* p#? $X " Z g$2 F 9"" * 9' $ * " 3 P B52 *? 9"@2 F/ U ' F/ :82 F/ P 9 9' :G A* P'n o 1Labor Freedom 2 Monetary Freedom ٣ Open Markets 3

14 E a E 32"r 1 H% P V$ $ g*7 F %"2 82 F/ M * 32"r 32 G' *# 6" 9' %# G E* q G 9' A* 6X [a $ F" A *# 32 "r V$ " G' *# 6" 9'2q X 20 *7 * $ II+?9" E82 ' *# " G 2 I" 5 P 252 * $2 $ $X ' 6' W G? G" 9' * 'U(6Q e"2$ $ G' *# P*) 6/ U F" *$2 * 'U(6Q / G' *# 6* II+?9" a7 ' $X ' R * ƒ $ 9' % 3 ; \#/% P 352 G"Q? G *Q Q $? Z F F/ G" F "3 9' F %7 9"@2 A$# 9""32? Em F/ 6" +" *Q &S? Z * 9' F" 9""32 lm P$7 1 Trade Freedom 2 Investment Freedom ٣ Financial Freedom 4

15 IOB $X : $ "2 1 V+8!$2 'U(G q ) 'U(G &?O 'U(G : 3$2 P) 9 M W1 F 1979 Z F 9' %# *" $ 6'* F 8M! " E$a 82 M E1"1#2 9'/ f 0M $^ 4" (6' J2) 6' FX 6 3 :V'a F J2 :6' 'U(G %# * IOB 67 8 "M5 S #: $= ]*H "; ^ B 13 "B "( 5, +5 #5 A + $ "*H IOB A $= ]*H _% V 5 B G A zw F 7$+8 : $ $ :A zw O 2( C &$B `^5 \##% GXF s 6$7 A zw 9"j+ G' G 6/!$2 6$2 >'32 */ F 'q zw 6*" $X e' '$2 " U ' A $= ]*H "a 5 * '$( ' P 'U(G g$[ 9' IOB 67 8 " 12 ( A"5% TW \ 'bb "5 +2( IOB "; ^ IOB +d; R \%c$ 5B Q "B ( 9:( ' H5Q # "5% TW +2( \ 23 3"%^ V E a G% */ F 3$2 P) $X * 1%^ 2000 $ A [ $X E a P &!'!"# $% ١ g 1987 Z A $"European Management Symposium" V+8 9' "? g : the World Economic Forum * &$( " II+?9" EX :3a 1W P A47 *$ V+8 2 ""x2 I3 5

16 17000,!' : 3 2'/01 '!"# $% ; <= &!' <= &!' 22 2'/01 ' ; & 17000,!'! " #$% & #$% ! " #$% Source: The Global Competitiveness Index , P () > GDP 3; < 5 &!C! 1' : AB 8# 3 3 IHE E > F G5 E 70,!' ' &J 3 2'/01!"# $%!KO 2'/01!F K '!L' MN ' 3' F!01 9'2 Q"2P# 8# 3 N' & ' > KP3 ' &!2U L! K B ' MN ST= :! 7',BK ' R> # ' ; 7% ',' $!" ' 9'2 ' V ' W 3 2'/01 Y= # 2#X!CU 1 ' <= &!% F!01 3 2' Y= 23' 6

17 E? Ia 6 f 9' 2 'F 3 1 $ %# :* :'* F$/ G* :64 ' :q F ' : IOB 67 8 " 12 ( 33 A F 6 f 'U(G!"# P /$ 6 * F AF* + $^ 9' E* :* 2e' 7 5 /$ P$7 :G'F :6F 4 3 ' &' P$7 : :F *2%7 E? )?7 F$/ 6$O $ P+X ' &' P$7 6 / :? F 3$2 : " F G /$ 82 A E *"j"( SX 6/ F 9"" %# H'^ F $X %2 *7 O $^ : $ %# g A *# G X" $X 'U(G ١ ١٢ Pillars ٢ Sub Index ٣ Basic Requirements ٤ Efficiency Enhancers ٥ Innovation and Sophistication Factors 7

18 IOB 67 8 " 12 (1' e# < 5 IOB " & ( +"?;@ 4 <'= G"Q? J$1) 1 $3 G"Q? F G'+) 2 $+7 $ F b# 3 6*+" $ A$ $ "r G ( 5 'i Z41 6? E1 E+"+2 G"?$%1 7? RS b 8 6F? E1 9 EX P P) $ N$OO ' 10 " &?O E1 $ N$OO ' 11? E+"+2 G"[ 12 0'2 ' 13 G' g ' 14 ' 6F 0 15 }"I( E* 6"+^ 16 8

19 67 8 A 4 17 * "+ E* 18 6'* XSl 6" 19 6* V F G'+) 20 (9' 10 :010) 6U ' F G'+) E* 21 I G'F G"[" 1 A G"[" 2 I' G'F G"[" 3 * G'F G"[" 4 '$ P1 P+) G'F G"[" 5 ($I" 6$"I") [ '$ G ^ G"I 6 J G"[" 7 (G"3+ [ 100 ) A+ 9[I2 u 8 (G"3+ [ 100 ) Gl 9[I2 p$w 9 (I? *"?$2 F *a )? $ 6F$2 1 (I? *"?$2 F *a ) I F*}( s 2 ( q E""x2 *a ) g$2 3 (I? *"?$2 F *a )? * 4 (0100 $Q) * Z+) 9'+) $X %7 %2 5 'q El 1 (G"3+ [ *a ) 'q k$" 2 P El 3 (G"3+ [ *a ) P k$" 4 F*' El 5 (9"x? F *a 6$7 ) F*' k$" 6 (A*F *?$2 ) 6 F$ " 7 *F *" 8 '* E4"#2 G"[" 9 (*a ) '* VW1 g G%l s 10 6" VW1 g G%l s 1?7 F$/ g G%l s 2 F$/ 0" G"[" 3 d' g$i7 F$/ G"[" 4 f* G''* G"[" 5 f* G' 6 &]( F$/ E* 7 6'!$2 6 F$/ 6" 8 I# G E* 1 F!I2 6" 2 # *d G" XSl 3 U ' A" E"? l 4 (*a ) E"? P s G'F 64 i '* F$/ G* " G"2?7 F$/ q F '/ 9

20 67 8 e' k P) *32 6 e' k F" $ F *32 7 FX G" ' 8 82 V$ $ 9 (*a ) G"Q? 6" 11 0"1 U ' 9"$ l 12 + G"w 13 I? *"?$2 F *a 6$7 E 14 *X 15 *' E *"j"( 16 "! Q ""32 bw3 2 R g*s A$" 3 ([) J$1) d ' 4 6 A" E"? l 5 A G ( 6 ) G''* "Q2 7 *3 [) $X G"w 8 *3 NU $X G"w 9 (6 G%) " 6F GX 10? E* 1? E* '$2 2 I# g F H'^ F? 9"@2 3 g G?$ 4 e' ( ' 5 e QI+7 6 J Eq % E1 7 (9'= 10 :010) $ J$1) 8 L$?$Q2 9'/ G"I 1 A!$2 L$?$Q2 NU 6" 2 0"1 U ' L$?$Q2 Z1 3 (*a ) G' 6*A [ 4 ([ 100 ) * ( Gl 6X 5 (A*A [ "l G'$I") G' * ( 6 (G"3+ [ 100 * 9( P'$ u 7 (9'=7 :17) I F AF* 1 (9'=7 :17) F AF* 2 (q "I" *' E* f) I? *"?$2 3 I? *"?$2 F *a 6$7 E a 4 I# 6* d7 G"+ 1 I# 6* d7 G"[" 2 $ 3$2 G"3d " F '? F 3$2 Q'L$?$Q2 / F AF* E *"j"( 0

21 67 8 G' G" 4 F A"8F G3 5 II+?9" V'F$2 Z 6 *"?$2 *'/ 6 $ 2 X"( 7 'F G3 8 a$ &S E* ˆ'$[2 G? P'+2 9 /$ G"w 1 +I7 21"1#2 G"[" 2 G 3$2 H"1#2 RS 3 3$2 H"1#2 AX G3a Q+ 4 X"( Q'L$?$Q2 Eq$#? E*2 5 6*+X 6* 6 (G"3+ 6$"I" e' ) E7 7 Source: The Global Competitiveness Index /$ IOB +d; R B "^B ( 9:( ' H5Q 43 H'^ F 6'* A*' F &"( A*+7 E4QX 9' $X &"( &?O 9'+ $ &( P ( $= B&' A*' H%^ G I * '/ &1 'F '/ Ia b* )) 1 *'* 8' 42 $ '/ : '/ 6A*' F ' I" A* G"%y2 ' I3 3$2 ' (?x $ :F *2%7 '/ 6A*' b* * 6" '/ zw ]' 'F * '/ G"?3 "l@2 6" '/ G"?3 A* F ' J$X P$7 9""32 ١ GEM: Global Entrepreneurship monitor 1

22 '/ 3$2 G *+* lm " '+ :F *2%7!"# 'F "F '/ 6A*' b* 9"j+ (? $X()? V '/ 'F '/ ) G? G" 'F '/ 3$2 G? 'F '+ '* VW1 '/ F$/ 'F * Z) G Em 6/ Z1 3$2 H"1#2 G"?3 h' 'F *'* A* 82 E* 'F (F F/ i) E* q F 'F Q'" G'F 'F '/ J$X 7+ 8 'F F*A Ga 'F10 F*A G"I & 'F '/ 7+ '$212 G"Q? J$1) 13 6F '/ F G'+) 14 q * $215 /$ &' 16 P ('P 14 }c ($w$ '/) A* k F*A I) F '/ *'/ G"%y2 *3 I) $ J4^ ($ '/ G"?3 9' k$+8 * *'* '/ $ M " '/ P"( &' P) 9' F * G 2

23 /V+ 6Q 9' G A "AF* *) '/ 6A*' 8/ F G 0 ]' ' J" :A" A E74^ zw '/ G"3d : A V"+82 : " E$a $X " $+ *'+ I GEM & ' P ( + 2* GEM<'24 :G +I7 Z* ' N$OO F $ +I7 &]( ]' F Q' 8/ F $ Q'$v2 "F F " g8 A]' $[ Z* e'? GEM X]( Z* G * '/ 6" W u % Z* 9' G $ Z* 9' $ *U l '/ G"?3 h( P$7 GEM :G Ia t G"?3 X' :$X ' G% $X I lm V' * '/ " PQ E%l {% S'2 7+ :" i e' G"?3 g+2 :* P+7 I * Ia P$7 6$7 P+Q SX F (7 )!$ eo$ : (Ia ) 3

24 G *F" G? G" 6/ 12 G " 7$d$ '/ 9"j+ E*32 OcQ' 9' :G A t&"( 9' $ Z* F XS GEM Iv *' $X '/ ''$( P"2 '/ 12 M)4 P 0"1 l '/ 12 G? * $+7 A 12 G? 9' *' * &Sl 6/ H'$X2 '/ 12 G? G"?$1 Q' $ "$I 0)2 P*2 F 2 A $ + A F R A GX *' $X '/ G"?3 &' F*A F h' 9'2V' 9' U *' &' Z GEM $i7 $X Ir G X Pa) '/ *'/ 6F GX 6F '/ &' ' * *32 *'( E**I o$w k$ I+7 F$/ '/ G"?3 " G F" AX F$/ *' '/ '$2 E 3$2 $ ZU% Ga "SX2 '$2 12 * $ M)4 P $2 *' *"@2 '/ ]' *' 2q */ " '/ 12 * A*7 $X '/ 12 A]' &1 GI 6% 6%10 &1 p$ :Ia F 9"? GEM $[ Z* 'q &S : $ 8" $+ HW 9' t * II+?9" A*7 {7$ G A* G"%y2 G 3$2 $ $X 64 E%l G'F * $+7!' G 4

25 *"( &' * PQ 3 Ia G II+?9" G 6$2 :*' zw E* q M)4 P d12 G 9' 3$2 * * *'/ $ I 'M % : $ GEM Z*!"# p$ &S V 7+ F a k$ y 6M)a y 'M 9' G * 6 ""x2 gfq P"( * '/ : * # 6$7 Ia F 9" +2 6$ ' $ F :G "c$ Ia Q[2 " &S 9' G *'* * 8' 6/ &1 G * $2$ '/ * G $ F I+Q G" 6/ *"@2 GEMZ* F 9'2&" &' % El : Z1 H'^ F G V p%2 I * 0 *'* G"?3 'Ga Ir :E* q d12 3$2 V'2 ' & H'^ F *$2 9'/ G :' $ F G a7 $ Ia 6'X 6$7 G G' 8' * e+ g$" 9' $i7 $X :2$( 'M f Q' g8 *$ 0"12 $# /$ $# ' :( ) $#V% 5

26 GEM $? R R 3* 1 GEM P ( M?; <'34 '/ G"?3 P G '/ ( '+) s0" a7 ) GEM Z* F XS '/ %[? Z* " GEM I Z* F &S 9' * 6/ *3 P% A*" " &' * A$1? 6'/ : $ A*X P'n $+ $W+ G Iv 9' '/ G"I Ga u * * '/ G% %y ١ GEM ABC Model 6

27 Z* '/ * "PQ 8 * J$ '/ G+ % &' '/ %[? Z* 1 g &' I) 9' '/ %[? P3 '/ 6+ '/ *$ '/ G"?3 6+ 3' '/ $ G"%y2 2* F }( A $ ($ '/ * * A*" '/ G *$ a h' :G'U( E$a '/ Q' F }( '/ 3$2 J" 6$7 G#2 * A*'/ a7 ) $ 9W h' 6$7 7+ F 8' II+?9" a7 $i) &' :* :/$ *$ *$ * 3 kd $% % *' F '/ G"?3 &' * h' :&' [?m '/ %[? Z* k$+8 A*"8 '/ G% E) A 4 A X X!$2 GX"( 6" " h' E$a A*X!$2 " '/ h' 2 "F&"( F '/ " A* Z* 9' GEM P ( M?; <' 4* $ *$ A*"8 * 6/ ١ Attitudes 7

28 d+fo 44 '1 6Q 2 G '/ A +7 P A /0 GEM b* F Q' $i7 $X g+2 P"? 9"+ G >IS Z $X " $X 6" 3 / "? $^ GEM A * A [ * ux e' F $ "2 Ia V% F A* (APS) Z G"3+ 3?W 1 (NES) 6% F 8M 2 1 < 5 64 % 18 #*= "; ^ 144 " $+ GEM $i7 $X :E74^ / G ' 3?W g8 Z 64 2 e'!$2 g8 A 18 G"3+ F [ 2000 (6$ P'/ 4" A 9") " E$a :A* )^ / $+ 08) P*) " E$a 2 GEM 6Q' {%'12 6F e' Z H"1#2 * g$" I" * X( $ g8 $X X 0"2!$2 Z * %) $ Z / E%# g8 "F GEM {+"1 A* / g Š( 2000 P*)) u$i 8 :$X P 42 42*8*10*1=3360 " $i7 $X " }c GEM X]( gfq / $+ 08) $2 6' *32 $2 [ 3359 $+ 08) (A* :0' $ 1 u$i $ 10 : 1 APS (adult population survey) 8

29 1 M7 H5Q 244 F*A!"#!' A X" '/ 6% * %) N$OO A G A $ S 82 6%)a ' 6'/ *a : / 0 'F '/ N$OO *' $+ 9' $2 $X? %"X( G? G" G? F$/ E4"#2 3$2 H"1#2 Z1 82 G'F I F 6 $ F Q'" G'F 7+ 8 P*) P &S 9' / *A* NS A% [ 4 6$O ' A$ 9"j+ * $i) X 9"S *a $ " $+ '/ 50 $+ g " 82 zw? a$ &S :G" :'"x V'F$2 *" $2 1 NES (national expert survey) 9

30 P ( B &' 67 8 = c#+? _ % 5 <'= " P ( ( +d * 6X *3 A & *F P# F* A N$ Ga u $ A*"8 &S 9' *'* F* A 82 E :& F $ G 'U(W A* 6X * *'* F* A *a A*'/ A 12 (Z 1864) *a F G E%7 9' *$ N$# g '/ G 8' G zw 12 + P7 $2 '/ I '/ G? 6 9' '/ &' 2 3 #? F '/ G"?3 "U 6" 9' * 6X * " P ( + #; g8 *'* F* A M)4 P G"?3 U A 42 ^ G " 9' G A Q G ( A 3 F &" $1) * " G 6/ F + ' g+2 )a S A 6/ F + ' g+2 e? S :* G''* *'* e' Z3 $^ 6$ 0 G " A G ( 6 J$1) A 42 F + A 3 F &" P*) * +7 A 42 F &" G G Z G"3+ *'* '/ $w$ '/ k$+8 G %"2 e' 9' $ [ Z 1864 * A*/ $ : ' ' $ g*7 P"? % F A ' ' 6/ F XS ' g+2 e? S * G''* 6$ 0 G '/ G"?3 1 A 42 F &" G G " P ( L #8 *'+ 8' Px 20 F &" *$2 A*'/ Z h( ( $ 6'/ F 6" O G 6/ " 9' 6'X *a ) * F F R $ Z$# ($ 6'/ 6" 9' * 6X ( * /$ G '($ 6'/ '+ 9' Source: wwwgemiranir G '/ AF$) Q F "r U ' A* 6X 9' " P ( F i " P ( #,B i :)8 V% " P ( ' P ( "B " 5 "=% P ( *= ; j " "B B \ P ( 7,k8 $ \ P ( ''= \ P ( O \ P ( M= O P ( &'8 #Ml% \ P ( '8 Q B O P ( a B,,*; \#B O P ( "P O P ( *5#m I" 5 P 5 >'32 *"?$2 P *'* G* ' q k ' A*' 6/ ^ G *'/ /$ lm P$7 G'$# $X /$ G"w 6$2 %# 9' b* $ A* %# E7 G%l *32 F 9' %# G /$ Z$# /$ E74^ *) I" 9' G A* A [ 9(L Q'/ :( f 0

31 2 :G 6*? 1 6 A G 1 7$+8'F F Q' 6 (*+$) $ %# 67 8 Q) R R15 3 /$ lm P$7 6/ ^ G % /$ $v2 9' M N$OO Z* 6/ % G $ *"?$2 V2 6/ M N$OO V :& *"?$2 lm A47 V2 9' *$ ' M 3 G A* 9'*2 (1995) 9"2 4a G $2 $ " W"# P$7 F$/ :+I7 AF$) *3 + #? gi I zw 9' %# *$ 0"12 P$7 7$+8 G e' /!%2 P$7 /$ Z$# g * U"l@2 /$ * P"QX2 I$7 Z %# [ 6$"I" ) /$ Z$# 6$7 E7 *32 * "A F* $ P'*% f"1 }c A* 0"12 /$ $"(!"# 0"1 /$ U"l@2 /$ $"(!"# *a 20 0"1 *a 75 6F f $ %# ' :* 'F + 7$+8 F"r 0"1 GDP 3$2 H"1#2 ' G% I# 21"1#2 G'F G"[" " F$/ " E ١ EIU: Economist Intelligence Unit ٢ The Economist Group ٣ Barro& SalaiMartin 1

32 ICT IT G'F G"[" * ( n$[ :* P'n 'F F 9"" /$!"# " E%l 64 E%l N$OO 21!"# 2"? 0'L F 'U(bW3 U ' 6 $ F +I7 GX"( k$? 9"@2 $3 G"Q? F G'+)!"# :(10/9) " E%l :(11/2) $3 G"Q? F G'+) "22 6F 9'X" 9"@2 6F 9'+ G *a (10/7) N$OO (10/8) 21 G A* A *a (5/8) +I7 GX"( k$ (5/6)? 6FŒ *Œ'/Œ NŒ) G ( 6 2 Œ * ]2 ' /$ 'F $ŒO 9"Œ"32 Œ 9' 'F F b* G G A* n /$ G"?3 1 $= P b* F Q' 6$ Z E* F U /$ 9"? INSEAD 3$2 * Ia u# /$ 3 /$ 2r NU ١ Global Innovation Index 2

33 'F G /$ 'F P /$ Œ PQ2 F PQ2 :G'F :21"1#2 V : 9 h( A* Eq$Œ# &Œ Œ Eq$Œ# 9Œ Œ Œ[?m 9Œ' F eœ' *$ 0"12 /$ P /$ 'F * [?m *O " 6 9' F e' G G"4 $ >'32 'F Z* o '"3 Œ $Œ wœ 6Œ'F F 9"" F 6 A+ "3 F 9"" F 6'F A+ : %# 'F *7 O G' *'/ G G Z 9'F h( A 9"" /$ 'F G / 9'F A 9"" /$ 'F G /$ 'F A 9"" /$ G 'F G% /$ A F $= P * 3

34 P"? + # " *'( G? XSl E7$%W F/ E1 G"[" 6$ G"+) 6* R ' k G?$ F$/& 6$' G ( G?$ E"? G ( G?$ F$/ F P"#2 M g$i7 E"d' :6*$ R W$ zw X $ $+7 $ Z 0I3 F$/& g G%l s 6"X g7 X [ 6$"I" $= P 67 8 ( B 6 <'= $ PISA f"1 *a G% g G%l? s 9"11# 3$2 H"1#2? *32 $ +I7 21"1#2 Em G"[" ICT ICT F A [ 6" G? 9'4/ E* Q"Q? GX L b 6" W"# QI+7 G'F!"# ' $ P1 P+) E82 G'F G"[" I? U J *"?$2 6" J b 6" %7 G?$ ' a$ &S $ E%7 6" eo$ g? *a 6U ' F G'+) E* A* F F I3 g I F ( "!"# $!"#!"# X F$/ F$/ 3$2 H"1#2 E^%2 G74^ W"# G'F *'( $+7 G'F %7 U ' ( H"1#2 V G'F F PQ2 4

35 'U(A^S "r Eq$# F + # ' I3 32 s F 9"" FX F E* q E *a E* q E a *a I X + F$/ A* G E* g*s G!$2 A* g8!$2 32 A *a 3$2 H"1#2 3$2 H"1#2? %"X( *a G GMAT A+ 9"" GMAT 6$F/ AX $ 6* G G3a Q+ 3$2 G"3d *32 3$2 H"1#2? %"X( e']2 #2 E43 6U ' Q+ k G%l *a F" H) G ( 2 L$?$Q2 E E^%2 2$"c E* E 0"1 U '? Source: wwwinseadedu /$ ( G E82 X 6 p$ E^%2 & NU ( PQ2 5

36 + # $ k G%l Q+ 6+"( E7 G%l Z* F A [ H) G$ E7 +I7 Eq1 GDP * s *'* 2$"c g 9001 ' '*"'@2 F" H) G' ' *32 2 L$?$Q2 E a E^%2 2$"c E* E a R U '?? G%l *' 0" H'^ F G%l ICT Z* F ICT Z* b I *I 0I" F 4 q E a 4 E* E a $= P = ( B 7 <'= *32 (TLDs) q zw $+7 DOMAIN Country code TDLs '*( Q' &'' N$"2$' $*' U Source: wwwinseadedu ( & & & HI l X f$+i G"4 4 E* q ' G"4 & ( Eq$# G"4 Eq$# 6

37 1 ('*8+) eu 'W "B ( 9:( K#S B 0"2 F" $ Ia "3 2 G A* )^ $ * 7 %2 Z*!' % 2 Z* 9' *'+ }Q3 6/ G % G A* )^ A*'/ Z h( 0)!' G% EM f QI U!"# :"!"# P * $ 8 A ' "3 10 Z* 9' G" :!' F/ e' G" :F Ga :64 F :? 9"@2 :E"? :F F Z F6 E82 : U '!%2 $ G'F 'F G' *)!$2 A*'/ Z h( U Z h( G + *32 P $ :A 0" F 6 E82) 5 9" A + *32 $ 'F G"$$ E74^ * / P *32 G "x ('F G'F) 16 2 (F * (I? *"?$2 * s 6$j+) + A % + F +" {%'12 G A* 0 ( U Z 5) *) "&"( f " U A e' II+?9" I / V F Ir (A*'/ Z 5) "&"( A A* A E+ EF" * G"$$ E74^ >"^ F (? 9"@2 2M $ gm G"[" *) * [" {" + ' E74^ *)!$2 *$ Pa) &'+"( / V F 3" "I 9"j+ G F *) 'F % * &$( A*'/ Z P'*32 $ U Z 5 5 ^ G"$$ [" + "&"( G G"$$ E74^ ١ EIU: Economist Intelligence Unit 7

38 +'B"M% "M5 S ( * ") 1 F + 91 F e' * G *3 P) * %2 A 9"" f A I E+ }c *$ A+ ( N$ ") P'*%2 e' 9"" 9' }c *$ %# A $$ + E+ F F ' 9"" e' G' * *"?$ f"1 ' 1 2 * P'*32 W!"# I A+ 2 $ %# A 10 A* *"?$2 ' 1 F ) *'/ G f"1 $X M G"3W g*7 A* 6" I A+ %# $M A 6F F A [ 0"1 6U ' F 8M G U ' P$7 % G"+ ƒ$ Z) * G 6$$ P$7 % G"+ A 2[ h' $ F " U ' 6' %+ 'd % 8 E$a A A+ 6F 6F F Pa) h' 3 E[2 I h' : $ %# " 0"1 G *$S 5 A* 2? ' $3a E$a A : + + Ir 5 A+ " (Z e8() "? 08(e' $X *A* 0"12 (e8() /? * ƒ $ 4 A+ *" g e8( '$X : $ P'n *a $X HI3 + g ' 1 9"" '( '*Q' F e"q[2 W1 E+ 6 / G U Z 5 Z F *3 I) $ 9""32 8 E+ A 9" '1 6Q :$X 9" '1 A47 9' $ A [ A*'/ Z 5 * 0 " A + 8

39 A P Z$^!"# G"[" 9"" * 42 * 'B"JMU #&' 27 %2 :"&"( A 9' A ' * {a * "AF* :"&"( ' % E+ 2 $ A ƒ A Z$^!"# U [?m 9"" %2 e' $ %# A Z$^ + *7!$ f {q$+3 : + A $ A 6X (!$) %'12 *1 6$7 A " A* G%l *1 $ *) G A* "AF* A * *1!$2 % PQ ^$ "x : $ U A (3"%^ V $) + F Q' 9"j+ (F$/ E Gl A+ A$+ "&"( ]B 37 E* :" 6F F u$ GQ :F *2%7 U A E+ A [ $ Ia V X? :G"$$ E74^ *) F $X E82 $X? 9"@2 :$X e' F F/ : F/ F * F/ " J$1) "? &'+"( :Q"' 'U(G? :Z$( II+?9" J*a F F Z %2 G' *# "? :h"' " II+?9" 6F F II+?9" " /? :G''* 3$2 II+?9" m F 6 F L / :PI 6F F / " 9?$ :*# PI 3$2 F 3$2 : 6 3$2 :7+ G" A F 6 7+ G" :PI 6F V+8 F 'U(G e F g8 6 3$2 9

40 +47 F A O G A 10 E+ F "r 9"" V!"# ' A+ 6F *'/ G A 6/ + F 9"" F A [ A A+ : A A!$ + 9" %+ 'd % :A O 9' F e' + A* Z+7 &'+"( h' % " U Z 5 0"1 U ' 6' + F 6F "" " A* A & E+ *A* 9""32 G A 0/16 0/10 0/16 0/14 0/08 0/08 0/14 0/06 0/04 0/04 0/10 0/14 0/12 0/08 0/05 0/08 0/05 0/08 0/10 0/10 0/05 0/05 0/20 0/08 + * 7B &'8 < * + 8 <'= * PPP f I? *"?$2 PPP f I? *"?$2 I? *"?$2 * E82 F 0 E a * E * 3"%^ V U ' ' 1W '+ E8 3a EX " *) ' E /E4"#2 E I# 6'* " 4 F E " 'U(bW3 9"$ + E1 g*s *F ' G E"? ' */ E"? & F Ga F 2"? gm 0

41 0/08 0/12 0/12 0/20 0/20 Source: www Eiucom * A F E"? 7+ 9"@2 G ( U ' J$X 2"? 0" G?*7 2"? *"j"( & 1 ; #H F A [ E* q 6/ $ [?"8' ICT 6$2 "AF* 9' b* $? % Q"Q? E82 I" *"?$2 Q"Q? G'F G"[" 9' ' 6" G $X e' 3 6/ F A [ "AF* 6/ F A [ G? :6*b *+$2 ICT * 6 (*+$) E74^ *) 9' A* %# *' ! 3 [!L/# /01,3 ' T!!F 100 = Z>3 & : 2#0% & 10# P03 ' 2K > ]L ^! C2K %8 ^! 6 ^! [U "! ]L 22H5 A;a "!: 56 $ Z>3 b ' P!P" Z>3 ١ Digital Economy Index 1

42 15 ]L ^! E 20 ' 10# P03 ' 2K > : 2#0% 15 " [U! E 10 6 ^! E 15 C2K %8 ^! E E25 ]L 22H5 A;a E 5) = ' 0 56 ' ck I PK I P Z>3 P P &!' GT# &!!0# ' Z>3 & 3 L#! 2U 3 7 = ' A <E %:!' %V 56 G%d1 = 8 I et# P ff# $% = & hk# P!2' g $6 = b ' O : 2 2% 5/ & ' i %6 j ' "!= 1 % G'k 8 2!Y6 = 3 ]; & & G%0N!' $3) '!" e/= 3 W 4 (c6 3 e/= G%8 56 ( 23) G%d1 = Z>3 & : 3 $!P# M3 '!a [ ' [7 T"l m2a Z>3 &!Y 'B= 2U ' 20 #'k 2K '!" e/= 3 W ' P ' 20 G!5# Vk# ' "!T! 2

43 10 # 0 n 0o $! '!! 73 ' 0o ' Xl <FK ' 20! p2k j!/ 3 2' /01 5 Z>3 60 T ' Z>3 & &!C! W Y= 0 10 # 0 j!/ /01 ' 3! M3 ' P % T"l 7U 6K b #E : $ F# q : Z>3 3' Y G'k ' % 2n!2 &!r# " ' 8> G 6!Xr#! 8 ' G >!KO %! [! 3' [! TE < <l! #E Z>3! b 3' TE <l 7U! #E L L "!T! g 3 ff# M3 ' f!1 7U P Z>3 & : &!!0# b!pt# ' 7 b $ P Z6 P 2'[! P 0 [Q T ( 5) 119 p2k PY' 3 3 W! 72# $3 ' "!T! &!2t! Bs= B! P 3 '! 3

44 Xl WI 2L u2 $/L,k'J P ' 20 G!5# Vk# 8W c6 G!5# $/L!sc6 6 8 # <2 6 5) 219 fyk#!i YsL & 8 & ' % G'k B! & P C F' fe"9 W=!2' 8 8 ffj! &!a vn K! F#! p2k Y8 'Bc# 5) 329 % G'k 96 ]Yo I' G'k & p2k 8 ffj R ]!6 wb= ' " K 2!Y8 '! P ' 20 G!5# Vk# ' "!T!! 3 L vn f # H 8 n 0o $! L! $/L c6 WI f!fj 6,/ 'M5 c0 429 qd 3 L vn 8 'B= 2U WI & G'k 2L! [ 8 P 7 cf' 3 #P L' [Q ' ^# P2 2L " <F 1 ' L! % L! $/L c6 WI 3 w L / " / 3 2L 4

45 ' d% fyk 23 GI 1 & P 78 A :2I!! p2k eu P39 ' 20 3 T G%d1 3 T :2I m 23 GI!,:2 H ' q# %,BK ' 3 v5# 23 GI ' F8 ' Z>3 & 23A 3 15) 'k 2U 8 ' (b /[! /TE) 2B A m ' % $'6 &!' 23 GI GT# 2B 2U 3 T (b/te) 'k (17 C 4 3 % ' b 2 % &P ' > /!Y 3 2 % : 2!a L/!Y'6 3 2'/01 M3 ' /01 7U P Z>3 m j '! WI 6 10 # 8 2 P Z>3! WI 6! WI 6! WI 3' # # 6 4 2L"$ P" 2 P Z>3 2L"Z6 P" 2 P Z>3 2L" 2'[! P" P Z>3 2L" 0" 3 B', j j ' 56 h ' ' Z>3 & ١ World Value Survey 5

46 B! GDP Y8!F j ' C Y K 2 Z> # # [U &!2t L J ' ' K 2! d! 2009 < LEGATUM L 'B Z>3 " 3 >a B! L, F' ' ' d%! 78 :L2 > s ' Y K Y y m# Z>3 & YE H Y K ' Y 8# ' 26d% W% &!// ;C! h# K : CCU ff# 3 $!P#!z 89 '' ' Z>3 8 Z>3 & 3 3 s T! [ GE ' [ Z>3 & T G%d1 b j { = GI T ',!a h1 T! G%d1 t B G%d1 Z>3 & 0 ' &!2t ' F"N 3 T Freedom House 78 b' Gallup d 5P g$2 I? 'n g*s G"3d? 5 * s EM G'd :k$d$ *F * F G'd A( u$ Ix Ga EM? E$ +7 e( +5 #5 :1D ; dzb ( :1D P ( K#S :1D &,&/*+$ 9 'P I? 'n Q" s g$2 * f '( :k$d$ 6 ' G% F AF* E a E$ U ' AF* A*X G (F g 67 8 Ga '/ 6

47 d 5P 9+' ' E* $ A+ 9[I2 6'/ N$!"# e' k ' GS 9 &"( u 1 9 ( 42 G? G? XSl G'F!"# F Gw[) G? +7 i 0" +7 E1 6$ &1 M $ +7 P #; 'P e' k ' : 1D +F "B 55 :1D pz5 O N ; :1D \# dj :1D 9+' ' E* G7 ( G' A+ 9[I2 3$2 H"1#2 $ k H) G' ICT E a 6$+ 3$2 G? XSl G? E%l E* e"q[2 " G' *# G? k$ 6$ &1 E1 5 #5 ( 2 "a B Z :1D F G ES +7 W$ A gg%l? s X gg%l? s '* VW1 g9%l? s 6( 6 gg%l s F$/ G"[" F G'd 6 $ 6*' F$/ F N$ G 6 X VW1 F$/ G% 6 W$ VW1 F$/ G% 6 $ " P "B 55 :1D 8P #?#( :1D : " 5 :1D 8'$B,F +=7 :1D " J$1) W$ A gg%l? s '* VW1 g9%l? s 6( 6 gg%l s X gg%l? s 0I3 F$/& G% 6 W$ VW1 F$/ G% 6 X VW1 F$/ G% 6 $ " 67 8 G"+) F$/ G* 7

48 d 5P A* P'*32 *F *" 'Ux2 $ 'P *F *" 'Ux2 $ #p2#o +M 8'$B +7 5 :1D 6+" GS2 *32 G* $ N/ G"[" N4d [2 +" F " " +" F G"$ P +" k$" e +" F G"$ G* $ #p2#o +M 8'$B +7 5 :1D G* F G'd zw %'F!"# F G'd G) * E4QX 'd "3+ 2%l G? G'+) G#2 " G$X X J$1) I 6/ 6*( I 2 A "( G" 6" F/ F82 6' +7 t$74 e+ + 6%I^ 6" e+ 7+ G'+) u R F %U $i), # :1D Z8 # :1D *= T %! H: :1D & 7 " = ")M8 :1D Source: The 2012 Legatum prosperity Index 'd I 6/ 6*( G? G'+) G#2 " G$X F82 Z$ F F 2 A "( G" + 6%I^ 6" e+ t$74 e+ 7+ G'+) u 67 8 G" +' 7+ ' 8

49 F B ),* A 3a 3$2 6$7 G#2 *# PI 3a 3$2 6F!$2 11 9' $ X q Ž%'12 2 : :E : 6$O I$7 F A*"j"( ^%2 A* }Q3 3a QI+7 e+ b* 9' G ' P$7 " E%l :F + E74^ :$X 9" Q% :G'F '1 'F : $X 3a QI+7 * 6'+ 3a 3$2 ƒ$ 67 8 q'+111 3a 3$2 G"3d 9""%2 b* 3a 3$2 *# PI 3a 3$2 6F *'( G% F 9' * 8' $+7 Z% F/ U * "2 6 6/ 9'%2 *( ' E82 E)4a :64 *$ q 6j+ E""x2 G7 " M t&"( $^ $ 6F 9" 9"$ 2*?$ P$7 :E74^ 2 F/ 6' k$d$ 9' 9"j+ :* G *$!%2 '*Q' 6 G' :U ' E82 II+? Q2 G 3a &S * '( p :II+?9" a7 G '$2 W' 9"O $ A G 9Q+ :S "r 6F " "? V * :' ' G% A :* k F B ),* 67 8 ( 211 :F *2%7 G A* P"QX2 9 O F $ 3a G"w 1 E*"?$2 E a G"w 2 ١ United Nations Industrial Development Organization ٢ Industrial Development Report 9

50 F3a E* 3 E a G"[" 4 "l@2 6 9' G 9? G >"a$2 P $X g+2 J$ 6 + *O 9' g' 'U(G G"3d $% A 9' Zy >IS $X 2[ E[ '*Q' $X 3$2 o$w 'F :G" 6Q' 'U(G!' $% A E* 3$2 Z) $X 3a QI+7 A]' QI+7 I $^ G ' 3$2 $X $ : E[2 9' $ P"? G "x 6/ e '$X G 9"O * 9' f *A* 0"12 3$2 Z) $X ' ' 3$2 $X 6$7 :G A * OECD q */ Z) *0"12 9' H%^ $X *A* A / 3$2 Z) $X >' " 3$2 F B ),* # ( 10<'= + # (a) F '#;% & "5 (a)f '#;% F "5 ('F),7 6; 7 '#;% F '#;% & c$5 ('F) $= & F '#;% & c$5 ('F) F '#;% & K5 %B B '#;% c$5 ('F) F T( F '#;% c$5 ('F) $= F '#;% F c$5 ('F) F '#;% F T( K5 %B B as c$5 Source: Industrial Development Report ( F # '#;% F # 5F '8 F #?#( 0

51 $= '5 B Œ% INSEDA EŒm Adecco AŒ ŒQ+ Œ *3 G 'Œ$2 Œ3' Œ Œ" QI+7 :G A* 3 (HCLI) ' F ( $X +2 *3 [) 3$2 :NU $X pœ%2 ( ') *3 3 3 $ q E$a 9' :NU :F*+$2 A 4 "x 48 9' F ( 6 $X 103 G 6/ Œ Œ &Œ Œ) ŒE A 9"j+ 6$7 *3 [) * INSEDA!Œ$2 A*Œ gœ8 &]( f 9' G A* * 1%^ 6$7 GŒv"!Œ$2 Œ GŒ? Œ p$ Z) 9"7 H" " e' G A* 3 : $ G'* +I7 $ 6X G A* A 6X *3 G Z* 'F PQ $= '5 B * 1

52 A 6ŒX 1 A+Œ Z*Œ P E$a *3 G 6 3 $ +"?;@ G? XSl " E%l e' k I G E* Q' ' 6 $ f A zw L$?$Q2 NU 3$2 H"1#2 RS ICT g8 G?$ " F 'U(bW3 ) G''* "Q2 0"1 U ' 6'!' * " 6' G"Q? R G"I P+#2 6 P+#2 7+ u#2 6F 6 6S 6F }I8 6*'+ 0I3 F$/& G% ) g G%l?7 F$/ g G%l 0I7 d' : 3?W EF" AX %2 6'$8X 6' ''* f* G"[" 6 F$/ 6" F8 7+ Q% F A [ A 3$2 G"3d X]( +I7 Em G"[" 6'* 6" $= '5 B 67 8 :11 & *8 <'= ( 21 F*0XO F F*0XO F*0XO " 6 $ F 6 $ F + F$/ +3?g F$/ * Ga ( F*+$2 NU * 2

53 XF 0" E"? l 6" W"# G'F QI+7 ' G" 6Q( 02 Source: wwwinseadedu ( *'( *F A$" ( [) $= '5 B = <'= +"?;@ ( ( W$ E4"#2 " ) 0Ic' 9"Q2 6$ Zx g*s P E S A " " A A + p%2 " A?7 E4"#2 " 6'* * E1 :6U6$?7 ' E 6S & 6X]( /$ '/ G"?3 *'* Z$# *3 "l@2 Source: wwwinseadedu $= ' NUŒ : 3Œ$2 GŒ ŒQ PŒ Œ"r 0 7$d$ $X *3 " $%+ Œ 3Œ$2 *Œ 6*" + " &1 G 7$d$ " F$/ 2007 Z 9"? G"$$ I8 E74^ *) : "F 9' * [' *Œ32 Œd) ZŒ) GŒ ( 6Œ $ŒX 30 *3 "AF* G ' &' $X 60 *) $ $X : "AF* [" + E74^ F 6%S *3 E""x2 4 :" : 0"1 U ' :F$/ * : b* * A [ :G U"l@2 *3 G"?3 i 8' $X '$2 F 3

54 6 Œ 0Œ Œ *3 (!"# P"( "AF* : 9' &8 F G 2 $X F $? 6Q 6ŒX 'F Z* :G A* 9""%2 "x ' &8 [?m G A* A $= ' ( B 13 <'= +"?;@ Z " G"3+ "? * s " 9" G"3+ F$/ $ :(GDP *a ) F$/ $ :% F$/ 6F E* s :P"#2 M $ Z : W$ VW1 g G%l s :(GDP *a ) F$/& VW1 0I3 F$/& s :'* VW1 0I3 F$/& s :6q $ W$ AX %2 :$Q$' F$/ II+?9" * * 1%^ f g G%l? s ) (GDP *a ) X F$/ P $ :6 2 AX 3$2 H"1#2 9"Q2 :([ 6$"I" ) 500 9" 3$2 H"1#2 9"11# *32 $ 6'* : " E : " 6F E : " G"[" :([ 6$"I" G'+) : + J$1) 6$ : 9"$ G' *# :GDP q %S :S Z$ F G'+) :$3 G"Q? F 3$2 H"1#2 G% :I? *"?$2 0"1 U ' A"n!$ : g*s *3 NU P'+2 :E82 i 6 $ F Zx * :b2 P S */ Source: The Global Talent Index Report: The Outlook to 2015 ('F) 11/1 11/1 22/2 22/2 11/1 11/1 11/1 "5 "3+ % F$/ X F$/ " G"[" *3!"# 6 $ F NU P'+2 *3 1 5 IOB G"+) * 'F "AF* 0 e' 6$7 'U(G :F *Œ2%7 Œ 9Œ' Œ [?m " A [ $ g' $X 6 63 Œ Œ' :EŒ74^ G"[ :*2 G" 9"F : ' Œ Œ" F$Œ/ :Œ Œ %"ŒX( E* :+ RS : ) G"?3 :F $1) ١ PCI: The Provincial Competitiveness Index 4

55 "+114 9Œ' GŒ 6 *'* A ' E[2 'F 'F 9' b* :* P'n o ' [?m P+X 'F F g G%l 6F E* F *8 g G%l 6F E* E"I+7 k gfq F$8 *32 1 9"F F A [ $1) $ U G M 6F E* Z$Œ^ A e' F X" 6 G"?3 k P"+Q2 P) Z$Œ^ Œ A F X" 6 G"?3 k P"+Q2 P) *ŒA* $ 24QX g8 gfq F$8 U G (G A* bu) 'A *a *8 'A *a *8 'A *a [?m 9' *3 4" 2009 Z F) P'% # \# "B "2 *2 G" 9"F P A &"( E4QX F *3 8 :G 'F [?m P+X * * 9"F F A [ $1) $ 'A *a 6 $1) + $ 9"F P ((0 ") 5 2 ( 'F ")1) G"Q? I e' M F G * %2 ({$+7 ' X"+ %) * G' [ Gr A : $ A 9"F (G1$ %) G F G+" E""x2 A* }Q3? 9"F G+" E""x2 ١ LURC: Land Use Rights Certificate 5

56 *X 9"F E4QX V IQX " :A?+) E4QX 6 G"? F }( ((9"'( ") 5 2 (q ") 1) '"? ""x2 M F G * %2 *ŒŒ *# 6 3$2 9"F * $2 'A *a (A* bu)) N$Œ "Œ Œ' N$ / 9"F P'*%2 G" p$ * %2 'A *a (A* bu)) G $Œ Œ/ G[?S F q 7 * e' '/ : $ 8' 2""x2 '"? (A* bu)) ({$+7 ' X"+ %) FŒ" $ $1) u* ' eu "B 55 #?8314 A '/ * 6X G "1 9' ' :G f q 7 E$a / u* '/ :* F*A 9"Œj+ $ "&"( P E$a A* 4 A *'* 9"$ G" * 6X 6 ' #[a G"$IW ' G"[ $1) E+"+2 gq) G"[ (6 $ 0 I" ' 0 %) G 0 " ' 0 6 u* p%2 {4 ' H$ %) G g8 &S e' 2"? E1 EU ( (H$ X"+ ' {$+7 %) 6 zw 9"$ 6 $ "&"( P ' #[a F" 6 $ F %) * G" I1 AX + &1 9+8 '/ (0 " ' 0 6

57 (A* bu)) ( X"+ ' {$+7 %) * # + 6$ E""x2 $ 6 %) Œ ŒI EŒ1 AŒX : *'+!$2 A* E* (A* bu) 2009 F) (N$ " ' N$ (A* bu)) (6 $ 0 I" ' 0 %) * G"+ G? AU 6 J #O +"+414 ŒA 9"j+ :* >I2 P) F E* O A * 6X "1 ŒI# ŒF Œ6FŒ!$2 F $ G"?3 *' E* O G *O $Œ E1 $ ba / 6F *a ( I %) G * >$ 10 F X" 'A *a (*'+ g+2) F *32!$ ( 2"? F E7!$ I %) *A* 2n$[? E1 ' & i 9 $M [ ( I %) G ( I %) G ' & (A* bu)) (%) G ' U Z ' & FUr ' F (A* bu)) G ' & U Z $ A* ba F *5Y Z514 VŒ eœ' F *Œ1 O :* G ( + RS *1 O A * 6X "1 Œ/ d RS G ( A$ : $ ba 6 G"?3 / d RS 7

58 F Œ G1W F E1 A$ :* «E*» 8" A$ ' M $ *"( 8" * A [ A RS I# E1 tœ3 Œ/ Œ Œ! Z3 G * $2 'A *a ƒœ Œd ŒGŒ ( Œ $Œ *Œ/ *a * $ E1 F A$ G$ 10 F &" 'A *a * Œ' HŒ$ {4Œ %) *Œ RS A I# E1 EM F A [ G? ( (H$ X"+ ' {$+7 %) * A / M $ h' + RS ( I) * G ( 6$""+? A '/ G g8 A V e' d RS **13 'A *a (A* bu)) 5 M+ " W +#; 614 $ EQ )^ : G" 6 *+$ G"4 p$ "1 e+ 0% I $ N$OO $ G?) 6 a$ &S 3$2 G I# +" G "[2 'ŒGŒa 9Œ' $ŒM I3 I 6$ $ E74^ E1 (H$ {4 ' H$ %) * A E4QX V $$ 6$ &S A p$ E4QX P) I 6$ 6 "F E1 (H$ {4 ' H$ %) * P+7 *+$ J4 a$ (G%y ' G%y " %) a$ &S G% G"+) A* u 8

59 * y / G? : " E@X G"+) F N$ EQ g+2 (A* bu)) (H$ {4 ' H$ %) E@X G? F 0 " g+2 * $ zw (A* bu)) (H$ {4 ' H$ %) % Q " " ( 9:( M#2O '7714 E*Œ Œ p$ "1 :* «a$ &S 3$2 E*» g 9' :Œ82 e'œ NUŒ :A 2M E74^ :a$ &S E82 3$2 A Q'L$?$Q2 E* 3a A ' 3a H^ G A* g G%l Z A* 6 U Z 'AX'+ 6 a$ &S p$ $+7 E* 6* *32 (%) G A A [ E74^ $8 E* F A A [Œ Œ Œ EŒ74^ X"( $8 $M a$ A* F A (%) G A $8Œ E*Œ Œ ŒX"( E*Œ A*Œ Œ eœ' F { *8 M A (%) * A [ E74^ (%) G A E$X 2M E74^ $ A (%) G E$X a$ A* 2M E74^ $ A 2ŒM EŒ74^ $Œ E$ŒX X"( E* A* F M A (%) * A [ (%) G A A [ 82 e' NU E* F A (%) G A A [ a$ A* F 82 e' NU E* A 9

60 A [ 82 e' NU E* X"( E* A* F M A (%) * (%) G A A [ E82 3$2 E* F A (%) G A A [ E82 3$2 E* a$ A* F A *Œ A [Œ E82 3$2 E* X"( E* A* F M A (%) G A A [!%2 (%) E* F A (%) G A A [!%2 Q'L$?$Q2 E* a$ A* F A!%2Œ Q'L$Œ?$Q2 E* E* X"( E* A* F M A (%) * A [ (N$ ' N$ " %) F E74^ : *'+!$2 A* E* (A* bu)) (N$ ' N$ " %) 82 e' NU : *'+!$2 A* E* (A* bu)) (N$Œ Œ' N$Œ "Œ %) E Œa 3$2 : *'+!$2 A* E* (A* bu)) %)!%2Œ Q'L$Œ?$Q2 E* L$?$Q2 : *'+!$2 A* E* (A* bu)) (N$ ' N$ " P ( # 814 Œ ŒEŒ 3Œ$2 Œ ) F$/ $% 6q$v 42 G "1 * 6X " 6 $ $M I# V'a 0

61 JW + $ 914 Œ A A$ G $ a$ &S 6"+^ p$ G "1 6$7 / Q' ' * A b4 P) lm e' 6$7 $1) ** * + ŒX"+ %) G A * M *'*82 "Q $ 0" ({$+7 ' %) *ŒŒ GŒ'+) G"Q? J$1) F $1) 0" * 6"+^ A (H$ {4 ' H$ A *a 6 A? "r 6F!$2 A* G%l $ (%) * A [ E4 *8 P) $ ' ' A F A A*( P) F" $ F!$ A*( F *a 6$7 + "r + '!$ (A* bu)) b4 P) "? G?) 6$7 $ F A [ 2002 Z F "? E$a INSEAD m 1 ")M8 P V+8 Q+ 9' 3$2 A *'* /$ "l@2 >X :AL( 9' A*' 9"? $ X 4" N$OŒO 3$2 Z) ' 3$2 $X Q% / "AF* G A $ 6"0"+2 zw E^%2 E74^ l 'F * $ $[ $ $X 144 : 4" 2013 Z A* X 9'/ / $ * :G $ P'n Pa 5 f Q% / %# N$OO ١ WEF: World Economic Forum 1

62 GŒ 2Œ") "Œ EŒ^%2 E74^ 7+ El "AF* 1 A*Œ P'*Œ%2 0Œ " G3a e' E^%2 E74^ G3a $X Œ A4Œ7 Œ G A ƒ $ Zx A F F "+XO 0 Œ7 Œ8" Œ' Œ&ŒS F "Œ Q' P32 E^%2 E74^ 6*Œ EŒ^%2 EŒ74^ A Ul /$ &' 2$ŒŠŒ( Œ7 A Œ 7+ " )% 2*'( 2Z3 GX " G? 6* "Œ Œ Œ' F *ŒAŒ 3 G"w &' 7 *3!"# 2 E74^ " A$# $X e' G"1$ $ E^%2 E74^ /$Œ '$Q 8" 7+ N$IW V " E^%2 *3Œ!'Œ Œ21 N$OO :F!' I+ F!"# I G"3d '/ /$ Œ pœ&"œ( IŒa u# :6/ F A [ E^%2 E74^ / 3 G l $ Z$) Œ ŒF *Œ PQ2 P32 E^%2 E74^ 0"$ e' P$7 + 4 G Ul " ' AF$) $% AF$) e' $% : $ Fr/ O 9' Œa$Œ? Q+ Ga " "G *' N$OO 5 * SX 9"Œ F" "x G A* P"QX2 "x :'F 4 F 9' "x $X G"3d :* 2e' 7 *7 "x F" O $ M A* P"QX2 'F O EF" A 9"" F ' F" G $ G 6/ t $ Pa) 6/ w 6 A 9"" F " 'F F" 6/ * Q% / Q' 0 a7 + 2

63 ")M8 P * 9Œ' Œ"x F (Œ"x 29) *Œa 54 GŒ Œ[" + A F %"2 9' 1 eœ : ŒII+?9"Œ EŒ^%2 ' #2 I+ F II+?9" 6F * + A : 2 Œ9Œ' Œ' *Œ Œ[" G" ' "x 1 *A /V+ 6/ PI 6F Œ 6'* F 8M H'^ F E74^ P"% 9' G A $% f 6/ E74^ 9' $X F$/ G"[" G? F*0XO p$ A G A* /V+ *" ١ ITU: International Telecommunication Union ٢ UN: Union Nations 3

64 ")M8 P #k <'= #k U6$ * XSl ICT p$ 9"$ 'i Z41 EX V $ ' 9"$ 6*"X &?O $1) 0" ' $3 G"Q? F G'+) g F F8"r c s F" $ P) *32 F" $ F *32 L$?$Q2 9'/ "/A^S ' P E"? s F*A F" $ 6F F*A F" $ P) *32 I# G E* X E4"#2 gg%l s G''* A *QX G"[" X"(? u*2 A+ 9[I2 J *"?$2 Q% &$( s (kb/s per user) II+?9" G' * ( 9+' G'?"8' Eq$# G"I A+ 9[I2 32 Gl * ( G' 32 9[I2 G' &S G F$/ 0" G"[" g$i7 d' F$/ G"[" W$ F$/ gg%l? s 6q $ s A+ 9[I2 u G' S *a S 2$"c A $ G' A $ G7( G' u P'$ q * ( u \( 21 "!"# /$!"# G'F Z"8' Eq$#? G7W E 67 8!"# / 4

65 #k F8 7+ Q% F A [ A zw L$?$Q2 NU 6" /$ G"w E7 G%l Q+ 6+"( p%2 G' F A [ 6" X p%2 G' F A [ 6" ICT G? F*0XO 6* F$/ 6" G? G'$? ICT G"+ G? Q"Q? E* *'* E* Eq$# ICT l ICT k G%l G$ *'* F Z* ICT l $#& PrX '( E* ICT l f* ' G? XSl ICT A [ Q"Q? GX Source: The Global Information Technology Report \(? El 7+ El 67 8 l d d Œ 'Œ6FŒ AFŒ GŒ" A*"Œ$( } " d) 7 E74^ & l &1 H" G *$ * U *'( E%l I) :# 0^42( I) F $ *$ ŒS A Œ 'Œ &Sl '0 Q $ >3d E$ p1 6$"(!"# * :F ( :& Z$) 8' G'F :& F 20? * *+$ 6Œ" :9[I2 G' :2$"c Q% P"% F ^%2 G'F 8' G 6/ u EŒ1 9"$Œ Œ :* +I7 Eq1 E7 :/$ :$X F$/ zw!'œ &Œ Œ Œ $X / 6" 0 P$7 F :*/ lm? :Œ6/ $Œ% PŒ$7 Œ"x 9' G"3d F / * 7+ " : >IS G *$ $X * 'F " "l@2 5

66 G) "F $ >3d E$ p1 F $X k4^ 8 b* e X 4" Z & : "& G+ ŒM $ * %# $X 146 4" 2012 Z 9' A+ 9'/ Œ!"Œ# EŒ74^ /9Œ :/$Œ :F$Œ/ g* U ' G 6/ F ) *Œ'( Œ * 8" E*"?$2 & HI &' 8 : $ 67 8 ( 116 9Œ' Œ A4Œ7 GŒ Œ * u# & 6/ G & NŒ :HŒI : Œ 3Œ$2 b* & 6/ $ [ & $ X F Œa Œa7 A*Œ" Œ GŒ H$ & 6* P'*%2 )^ $Œ 'Œ FŒ Eq Œ% *7!"# :F$/ E**I U ' I+ Œ eœ Œ *'/ G 'F 'F O A 9"" F & * :G A 3 & Ia 6 6$7 6/ 1 0'L A" 2 /9 f% /$ 3 " ' F$/ 4 E^%2 E74^ /9 G'F ١ EIR: Economic Incentive and Institutional Regime ٢ Innovation and Technological Adoption ٣ Education and Training ٤ Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) Infrastructure 6

67 d d * V 9' c, #D 17 J4^ N A A'( F 7$ +I7 E7 * 9"3 2 * 6Q 9' G A* X g4 6" E7 G A* k I% E* F e"* *3 E* F e"* :F *2%7 *$ 3 & : 1 SCImago Z2(!$2 A* g47 A* X E* P *32 $ " [ Eq1 Eq1 P $ 9' :k P E* *32 M $ F AF A* X E* E7 g+2 :E7 *32 2 AF $X 6+!$2 A* X E* E7 g+2 : $ E7 *32 M $ F ١ SCImago Journal & Country Rank ٢ Self Citations 7

68 1 F AF A* X * F E7 9"" : * F E7 M $ G A* k$ 6/ H P*) $X e' Eq1 *32 : 2 H H1# ' *+X A* X "l@2 A 6+ E$a 2 42 H % 27 *32 *+X A* k X" Eq1 F 7$+8 9' * 6X A F *$2 9"j+ 9' *A G' A* X ' 6/ G * A [ +I7 ZL ' $X ' AX ' 6+2( e' * 6*+X 6X](?1 h 5 6 'U( "l@2 h *1 $X/X]( e' * $ "22 9' *A* V k$ $ 3 h P*) Eq1 ' g* G A* X * 6X A* X * F E7 *32 0 EX *32 0 9' ١ Citations per Document ٢ H Index 8