2. (1 ) 10 ( 10 ), 20 ; 20 ; 50 ; 100 (2 ) 3, 10 ; 10 ; 30 ; 30 (3 ) 3. 1.,,,,,,, 2.,,,, ;, 3.,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,, 2
|
|
|
- 簧 梁
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 1. A B C D (1 ) A, A, :, ;, ;, ;, (2 ) B ;, : 28, ; 28, 60, ; 60, (3 ) C, ; ( ), : 10%, ; 10%,, (4 ) D,, 5 20,, 3000,,,,, A, D,,, 500, 50%,, 1
2 2. (1 ) 10 ( 10 ), 20 ; 20 ; 50 ; 100 (2 ) 3, 10 ; 10 ; 30 ; 30 (3 ) 3. 1.,,,,,,, 2.,,,, ;, 3.,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,, 2
3 ,,,,,,,,,,, 24 m, 24 m,,,,,,,,,, 70% 80%,, ( ) 24 m ( ) 24m 2 2 : 1. ; ; 1. 5 m, 2., 3., 24m,, 1-2 3
4 m 1000 m m 1500 m 2 5. ( ) 6. ( ) 7. ( ) m m ( ) ( ), 9 9 ( ), 24m 24m,,, ( GBJ 1687) ( 2001 ) ;, 10 10, 24 m, ( GB ), / h ( )
5 , / h / h ( ) ,,, ( GBJ ) / m / m : 1., 2.,, 3.,, 4.,, 2.,, ,, 1-7 5
6 1-6 / m : 1., ;, 2.,, 2500 m 2, % 3. 4., 5., % , / m 2,
7 / m : 1. ( ),, 2. ( ) 50 %, 3., , ;,, 5., 2, 6. 4., %, 10 % 3. 4., 5., %
8 1-10 / m : 1.,,, 2., 3., m 2,,,, ( ) ( ),,,,,, ;,,,,,,,, ( ),, ; ; ; 8
9 ,, ( ),,, ( ),,, ( ), ( ) ; ;, ;, ;,, ( ),, ( ),,,,,,, ( )( ) ( ) ( ),,,, FE-232FE-25CGE410CEA614H FC-23H FC-227NA F-S-,,,,,,,,,,, SDE 1., ; ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 9
10 ,, ( ),,,,,,,,,, 2.,, ;, ;, ;,, 3.,, B ( C ), BC B C, ( A ), ABC, 92 % 94 %, 2% 4%, 2 %, 2% B C,,,,,,, B C, A (), 4., , 1301,, CF3 Br,
11 ,,,,, 1301,,,,, 1301, 1211,, CF2 ClBr, , s, 1211 CO2 1/ 3,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,, (),,,,, ; ;,, ;, ,, 50 %,,,,,,,,, ( ) ( ) 11
12 ( ), 6.,,,, 1994, 2005, , 2010, 1301,, :, ( ODP ), (GMP0. 1 ), ; ; ;,, 10s ; (1 ), CF3 CH FCF 3,,, H + O H -,,,,, 7% 10%, ODP = 0,, GM P = 0. 6, 42, 31,,,, 1 min,,, ;, (2 ) 62. 3%, 22. 4%, 9 %, 6. 3% ( ) 7000mg/ m 3, 70%, 0. 4%, 1. 2%, % 0. 01%, : ; 75100mg/ m 3, ( ODP = 0),,,, ( ) 30 min,,, (3 ), :,,, ;,,, ODP,,, 12
13 (4 ) EBM EBM 20 90, ( K2 O) ( K2 CO3 ) ( K H CO3 ) EBM,,, K, H + O H - O 2 -,,, K2 O C,,, EBM,, EBM ( ) 60 EBM ; ; (5 ) ( inergen), IG %, 40 %, 8%,, 37. 5% 42. 8%,,,,,, ( 12min ), (6 ) SDE SDE,,,, CO2 35% N2 25% 39%, 1 % 2% SDE,, ;,, ;,, SDE SDE, GWP = SDE SDE, ABC A : B : C : : 13
14 ,,, ;,,,, 3000m 3, 500, 1.,, 2. (1 ),, / / ( L/ s ) / / ( L/ s )
15 ( 2) ( ) (), ( ) 2-2 ; () / 10 4 m 2 / / > > ( ) 1 ( ) 2-3 / m 3 / ( L/ s ) > : 1. 2., 3., (3 ) , 0. 10M Pa (),, 1.,, 15
16 ,,, 2-4 / ( L/ s) m m 1000m m 1500m 2 4. ( ) 5. ( ) 6. ( ) m 30 : 50m, 20L/ s,, 5 L/ s ( 2-1 ) D = D, mm; Q, L/ s; v, 5. 0m/ s; n 2. 4 Q ( n - 1) v (2-1) m/ s, 2. 5m/ s,,, 15L/ s,,, 5, 100mm 150mm 100mm 65 mm, mm 65 mm,
17 ,,, 1015L/ s ( GBJ 1687) ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10, 60m,,,, 15m, 5. 0m, 2. 0m 120m 150m; 150m, 15L/ s, ( GB ), 5. 0 m, 40m; 2. 0m, ( ), 25 L/ s,, 150m, 6m,, 1000m 3,,,,, 17
18 , ( GBJ1687), 24m 24m ( ) m 3 7 6, m 3,,,,, 1., 13 mm1 6m m19 mm 13 m m 5 0 mm, 16 m m 5 0 mm 6 5m m, 19 mm 65 m m 50mm65mm, 15 mm20mm25mm 30 mm ;,,,, 65mm, 50mm 65mm 5L/ s, 50mm ; 5L/ s, 65mm,,,,, 2-3, 2-4,
19 2-3 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; ; 2; 3; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 2.,,,,,, 100m, ( ), 25mm 32mm 19mm 6. 8mm 9mm, 2040m, ( 2-3 ), 19
20 , 3.,,, 4.,,, 25L/ s, 48h, 96h,, (2-6) 2-6,, ( ) 15m; 40m; 60m, 40m 5. 15L/ s, 10,,,,, ( ), 10000m 3,, 2,,,,,, 1, 5 20
21 6.,,,,,, 1540m ; 1015L/ s,, 3, , 1540 m,,, ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 21
22 2-5 D N/ mm P N/ M Pa / mm SQ SQX100 SQ B100 SQ SQX SQ B D N/ mm B 1 B 2 B 3 H 1 H 2 H 3 H 4 L D D D d n K WS K WS80 7.,, 25L/ s 79,,,,,,,, 2-8 5min,,,,, 8., 2-8, P ; G ; 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ;,,,,,, 22
23 , (1 ) (2-9 ),,, 10m ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 (2 ) ( 2-10 ),,, ;,,,, 10m; ( 3 ) ( 2-11 ), MPa ( ),,, ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 23
24 , 2-12,,, 2-13,,,,, 10 min, 10min, ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 ; 11,, min,,,,, 1. 75%90%, 7m,,,,,, 15m,, 1015m , 24
25 2-7,, 100m 100m / m ,,,, 1. 1m,,, 3. (1 ) ( 2-2 ) R = Ld + Ls (2-2) R, m; Ld, m, 90% ; Ls, m (2 ), 1 (2-3) (2-15 ) S, m; R, m; b, m S2 R 2 - b 2 (2-3) , ( 2-4 ) ( 2-16) S R 2 - b 2 (2-4), 1 ( 2-5 ) ( 2-17) S1. 4 R (2-5) 25
26 , ( ) 1., 2-8,,,, 2-8 / ( L/ s ) / / ( L/ s ) / ( L/ s ) 24 m m m> m > 24 m 50m > 50 m m m m> m m m m> m > 24 m 50 m > 50 m m m > m m m > m > m m > m : L/ s, 2., 2
27 2., 10min 25L/ s, 12m 3, 12m 3 25L/ s, 18m 3, 18m 3 3., V x n = Qp i ti - Qb Tb (2-6) i = 1 V x, m 3 ; Qp i, m 3 / h,, ; ti, h, 2-9 ; Qb,, m 3 / h, 2. 5m/ s ; T b, h 2-9 / h m m 6 ( ),,,, 1., Hq Hq, 10-2 M Pa; v, m/ s; g, m/ s 2 ( 2-8 ) ( 2-7 ) = v2 2 g H = Hq - Hf = K 1 df (2-7) v 2 2 g H f (2-8) Hq - Hf = K 1 df Hq Hf (2-9) Hq = Hf 1 - K1 df Hf 27
28 K 1 df =, Hq = Hq, 10-2 M Pa; K1 ; Hf, m; Hf 1 - Hf df, = df + (0. 1 df ) 3, ( 2-10) d f / mm Hm Hf Hf = f Hm ( 2-11) f, f = (0. 01 Hm ) 4, 2-11; Hf, Hm 2-11 f H m / m f ,,,,,, ( 2-11 ) ( 2-10 ) Hq,, Hm, f 2. Hq = f Hm 1 - fhm ( 2-13) qxh, L/ s ; ( 2-12) qxh = B Hq ( 2-13) B,, 2-12; Hq, MPa 2-12 B d f / mm B ( 2-14) hd = Az Ld q 2 xh ( 2-14) 28
29 hd, M Pa; Az, 2-13 ; Ld, m; qxh 2-13 Az / mm A z ( 2-15) Hxh = Hq + hd ( 2-15) Hx h, M Pa; hd, M Pa; Hq, M Pa, Hm Hq qxh / m / mm H q / ( m H 2 O) q xh / ( L/ s ) H q / ( m H 2 O ) q xh / ( L/ s ) H q / ( m H 2 O) q xh / ( L/ s ) , Hm df, ( 2-13) ( 2-15) qxh Hx h, 2-14 qxh, qxh, (2-14 ) hd ( 2-15) Hx h, qx h, Hm df 2-14, Hq qxh, hd Hxh 5., ; 2-15,,,,,,
30 2-15 / ( L/ s) / / / ( L/ s ) / / ( 2-13),, Q = 1 4 D2 v m/ s, 2. 5m/ s, 50mm,, 15%, 6. ( 2-16) h = i L ( 2-16) h, MPa ; L, m; i, MPa/ m,, 2-16, 2-16, i 10% 2-16 / mm :, 0. 5, 2 2, ( 2-17)
31 Hb, M Pa ; Hq, M Pa ; hd, M Pa ; Hg, M Pa ; Hb = Hq + hd + Hg hz ( 2-17) hz, m 8., ( 2-18) H = 100( Hx h + Hg ) ( 2-18) H, m; Hxh, M Pa; Hg, M Pa 24m,,,,,, 1.,,,,, 2.,,,,,,,, 3.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 70% 4.,,,,, 24m,,,,,,,,,,, 31
32 5.,,,, 34, 1150, 31 ; 5605, 165,,, 1. 06,, 400 ( GB ) ;,,,,,, m, 24m, 50m, 50 m,, 24 m 100 m, 100m, m,, 24 m,,,,,,,,, 1. (1 ),,,, 32
33 (2 ),,, (1 ) 24m 50m,,,,,, 2-19, 50 m 80 m,,, (2 ) ; 2 ; 3 ; 4; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 ; 11 ; 12 ; 13 50m 0. 8M Pa,,,,, 0. 8MPa (80mH2 O),,, 4555m,,,,,,, 100m, 2-20 ( a ) ( b )(c), 100m, 2 33
34 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 ; 11 ; 12, 2-21 (a) (),,,,,,, 2-21 ( b),,, ;,,, ;,,,,, 3060min, 36m 3,,, 2-21 (c) 1.,,,,, 10min 34
35 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 ; 11 ; 12 ; 13 ; 14 ; 15 ; 16 ; 17, (, ) 18m 3 ; 12m 3 ; 6m 3 100m, 0. 07M Pa; 100m, 0. 15MPa,,, ( 2-22) 35
36 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 10 mm 50m,,,,, (2-23 ),, , 2 ; 3 ; 4, 5 ; 6 2. (GB ) ; ( ), ;, ;,,,, : 3h ; 2h 36
37 , 1h,, 48h, 500m 3, 1/ 2,,,, 6m5m, 10m, 3.,,,,,,,,,,, 2-8, 3. 0h 2. 0h,,,,,, 4.,,,, 700mm,,,,, ;,, 5., 37
38 , ;,,,,,, 1.,, 65mm, 25m, 19mm,,,, 1. 1m,,,, 10m, 25m 50m, 650m 2 ( 8 ),,, 2.,,,,,, ( ), ( ),,,,,, 38
39 18 18, 8 650m 2,,,,, n - 1, 2-24,, ; 2 ; 3 ; 4, ( ) ( ), / m / ( L/ s ) / ( L/ s ) / ( L/ s ) 50 > > m m 1000 m m 1500m 2 4. ( ) 5. ( ) 6. ( ) 50 > m : 50m, 20 L/ s,, 5 L/ s 39
40 , 100m,, ( ),,,,,, 100mm 100m, 10 m; 100m, 13m / ( L/ s ) / / / : 1. : 2. :, ( ) 10min,, (1 ),, 2-25,, 5L/ s, 1L/ s, (2 ),,,,, 10 min,,, 10min, (3 ),,,
41 , 0. 1M Pa,,, 0. 1MPa,, 0. 1MPa, 1. 0L/ s,,,,,, 30 s, ; 2 ; 5 ; 3 ; 4 ; 6 ; = 450L/ s, 2-26 ( ) 1.,,, ( GBJ 1687 ) 0. 80MPa, 0. 80MPa,,,,, ( 2-27),,,,,,,,,, 2.,,,, 0. 50M Pa,, ( 2-19) Hs, M Pa ; Hb, M Pa ; Hs = Hb - ( Z + hsb + h + Hxh ) ( 2-19) Z, m; hsb,, M Pa ; 41
42 h, MPa ; Hxh, M Pa 2-27 Hs, H s, S = H k q 2 k Hk, 10-2 MPa ; qk, L/ s; S Hk = Hs = Sq 2 k ( 2-20) S S / mm ( 2-21) S , ( 2-22) Hk = 10 v2 k 2 g Hk, kpa ; 10, kpa/ m; 42 vk, m/ s;, ( 2-23 ) 2-21 = d2 j d 2 k d2 k d 2 j d2 k d 2 j (2-22) ( 2-23)
43 dk, m 2-21 d k / d j , 65mm mm Hk, L/ s, 1m/ s,, 1m/ s, H 2-22 Hk, kpa ; H k = Hk v 2 k vk, m/ s; Hk, kpa ( 2-24) mm / mm / k Pa , p1,, h, p2, p2, 2-28 ( a) 2-28 p1,,, h, p2,, 2-28 ( b ),,, 43
44 D N65 D N MPa 0. 3 MPa 1. 6 MPa 0. 05M Pa MPa > 5L/ s ( ) 2-1, 2365m 2, m,,, , 2 0 L/ s; 30 L / s, 2 h, M Pa M Pa, 18m 3, 10 min, ; 10 min 2h, 3. 65mm 19mm 65 mm 20m,, 4. (1 ) Ld = = 16m (2 ) Ls = 12sin45= m (3 ) Rf = Ld + Ls = = m (4 ) bf = 8. 0 m (5 ) 23m L = R 2 f - b 2 f = = m 5. (1 ) ( GB ), 6, 3, Hq (2 ) 5. 2L/ s 44 = f Hm 1 - = fhm m = M Pa qxh = = 5. 2L/ s > 5L/ s
45 (3 ) (4 ) hd = Az Ld q 2 x h = = MPa Hx h = Hd + Hq = = MPa 6., 6, 3, 3, , 16 ( 17 Hxh ) + ( m) + ( 1716 ), L/ s,,,, L/ s, 15. 6L/ s, 31. 2L/ s 3, D N 100 ; 6, D N 150, ,
46 2-24 D N v i i L / ( L/ s ) / m / mm / ( m/ s ) / ( k Pa/ m) / k Pa : 10 % 6. 72kPa, kPa L/ s (1 ) = = 590kPa (2 ) ( 2-14) kPa; (3 ) Hb = hg + hz + Hx h = = kPa, DA , : Q = 2535 L/ s, HP = kPa, = 75% 73%, n = 2950r/ min, N = 55 kw 8. ( GB ) : 1015 L/ s, 31. 2L/ s,, : SQB150, 9., M Pa, 0. 50M Pa, - 16,, ( ) m, Hz = m, ( 780) = kpa h = 1. 1h y = = kPa = 1. 63m H2 O H1 = Hz h y + Hx h = = m, ) ( 46
47 ,,, ( ) -,,,,,, -,,, ( GB ), ( ) ( ) ( ),,,,,, 47
48 , N FPA-231 ( 1995 ) XFPA-231C ( 1995 ),,,, m ; 1. ( ) 2. ( ) ( ) ( ) 5000 m m , 4m ; ; 1. : ( ) 5000 m m 2 2. : ; ( ) A ; : A B ( GB ) B,,,, ( GB ), 48,
49 ,, ( GBJ 1687, 2001 ) 1000m 2 ; 6000m 2 ; 500m 2 ; ( ) ; ( ) ; 2000 ; m m ; 500 ; ; 1500 m 2 ; ; 500m 2 ;, 300m 2 ; (GB , 2001 ) 100m ( 5m 2 ) 100m ; ; ; ; ( ) 200m 2 ( GB ), 4. 5m 3. 5m ( GB ), 10 49
50 ( GB ) 1000m 2 880, 8 m ; 200m 2 ;,,, 2m, 0. 5m;, 500m 2 4 ( ) 1. ( 3-1 ) ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 ; 11 ; 12 ; 13 ; 14 ; P ; M ; L,,,, ( ),,,,,,, 50
51 ,,, ,, ; ;,,,,,,,,, 4, ; 70,, M Pa ( ) 1. ( 3-3 ),, ( ),, 3-4,, ( ),,,,, 2.,,,,,,,,,, ( ) 1. 2M Pa 1500L,, 3000L 51
52 3-3 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 ; 11 ; 12 ; 13 ; 14 ; 15 ; 16 ( ) d,,, 1. 6MPa, 3000 L,, 52 ( ) 1. ( 3-5 ),
53 ,,, ( ),, 30 s,,,, ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 ; 11 ; 12 ; 13 ; 14 ; 15 ; 16 ; 17 ;
54 2.,,,,,,,, 3min 2m/ s, 0. 03M Pa 3.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
55 ( ) 1.,,,,, 3-7,, , 20 % 40 %, 60 % 80 %,,,,,,,, (, ),,, 20mm, K = 115L/ ( minmpa),, 55
56 ,,,,,, (, ), ;,,,, ;,, ; 60 mm 45, ( ;,,,,, ; 45,,, mm, ), 92. 1mm,, ;,,, ;, mm, K = , 107 ( ), 50 ( ms ) 0. 5 ( ES- FR ) 25mm, K = 200L/ ( minm Pa ),,,,
57 3-3 / D N/ mm / ,,, ;, ; ;, 30, 57 ; ( ), 4, D N50 mm D N65mmD N80mmD N125mmD N150 mm D N200mm 6 1.,,,,, 3-9 ZSF 3-4 ( ),, ( ),,,,,,, ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 57
58 ,,,,, 3-4 ZSF D N/ mm / M Pa ( ) / M Pa / mm A B C D E F ZSF ZSF80 80 ZSF < ZSF , ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5, 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 ; 11 ; m,,,,,,
59 , ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9, 10, 11 ; 12 ; ,,,,,,,,,, 8,, 1/ 8, ,, 3-13,,,,,, 1/ 8,,,, 9 14, 2,,,,,
60 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 ; 11 ; 12 ; 13 ; 14 ; ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 ; 13 ; 14 60
61 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 ; 11 ; 12 ; 13 ; 14 ; 15 ; 16 ; 17 ; 18 ; 19 ; 20 ; 21 ; 22 ; 23 4.,,, ( ) 10 5 Pa;,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) 1.,,,,, 6m, 15mm; 6m, 20mm; 20m, 0. 05MPa 5m 61
62 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6,,, 1530 s,,,, 3-15,,,,,,,, 24V,, ( ) 3. ( ),,,, ( ), ( ),,,,, 30 s,, ( ),,,,,, ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 25mm (3-16), 62
63 , 1.,, ( GB ), 0. 5 m,,, , 500, M Pa,, 50m,,, 0. 40M Pa,,,,, 3. (1 ) 100 m, 3-18 ;,, ;,,, (2 ),, 3-19,,, ( 3 ) 100 m,
64 ,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;, ;,,,, (4 ) 100m, 3-21,, ;, ;,,, ;,,,,,,,,, ( ), 64
65 ; / [ L/ ( minm 2 ) ] / m 2 / M Pa : 1., M Pa 5., 65
66 3-6 / m / m / [ L/ ( minm 2 ) ] / m 2 / M Pa : 0. 05MPa 3-7 / m / m / m / / M Pa ( ) ( ) ( ) : K = ,,, 4m, 3-6, 4 ( ) 1.,,,,, 2. 4m / [ L/ ( minm 2 ) ] 3-8 / m / m / m 2 / m : 1., 2. 2 m, 3 m,,, 75mm, 150mm, 15cm, cm,, > 1/ 3, 0. 8m; < 1/ 3, 0. 6m
67 3-9 / m / m / m : 1. 2.,, 100mm, 150mm, 50 mm, 100mm, 150mm, 300mm, / mm ,, 75 mm, 150mm 150mm,,, m 2,, 800mm,,, 1, ,, 3-11 / m , b/ mm b/ mm a/ m a/ m a < a < a < a < a < a = 1. 8 > 450 > a <
68 ; 2 ; 3 ( ) 0. 45m ; 0. 9m,, 3-13, / m c e d 0. 2 c e d > c 3 e( c e ) 3 d m,, ; 2 ; 3 ; m, 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ( ), 2, 3-25, mm,, ( 3-1 ) a, mm; b, mm; e, mm, a( e - 200) + b (3-1) e < mm a 3-9, 68 1m 2m,
69 ; 2 ; ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ( ) 1., ( ),,,,,,,,,,, ; 2 ; 3,,,, 8,, 8 ; 6 69
70 800 ; 500, m,,, 0. 40M Pa,, 1min;, 2min 2.,,, D N/ mm / D N/ mm / , 25mm, 10mm 3., 15 mm;,, ( ), 100mm, ( ) 20m;, 3 8m, , , 300mm, 750mm / mm / m , 1500L, 3000L 70
71 ,, 0. 15m 3 / min,, ( ),,, 1., 10min, 18 m 3 () 24m,, 5L/ s 10min 0. 10M Pa,, 80 mm, 100mm 2.,,,,,,, 65mm 3.,, 1015L/ s,,, 3-28, 1540m ( ),, ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6, 7 ( ) ; 8 71
72 ,,, ;,, 1985 (GBJ 8485 ) ( GB ), 0. 10M Pa,,,, , ( F ),,,,,,,,, 1. 2, L = 1.2 A (3-2) B = A L (3-3) A, m 2 ; B, m; L, m, 3-29, AB
73 2. (3-4) q= k 10 H (3-4) q, L/ s; H, M Pa ; k, k = k k D N/ mm k 15 q = k 100 H L/ s MPa q = k H L/ min Pa q = k H L/ min Pa Qs, L/ s ; qi, n Qs = 60 1 n qi (3-5) i = 1 L/ min; , % ; ,,,,, 4. ( F ),, 1,, ,, H1 ( 0. 10MPa), : q1 = k 100 H1 12 Q12 = q12, Q
74 ,, 2 q2, Q2 3 = q1 + q2,,, ( ) Q 2 ( n - 1 ) n ( ) Hn, Bg, Bg = Q2 ( n - 1 ) n H n (3-6) H n, Bg Q ( n - 1 ) - n, Q ( n - 1 ) n = Bg H n = Q( n - 1 ) H n H n,, 5., 5m/ s, 10m/ s, 3-17, v, m/ s; K0, Q, m/ L ; 3-17; L/ s (3-7) v = K0 Q (3-8) 3-17 K0 / mm K 0 / ( m/ L ) / mm K 0 / ( m/ L ) / mm K 0 / ( m/ L )
75 ,, 6. ( 3-9 ) h = i L (3-9) h, MPa ; i( ), M Pa/ m; L, m,, i 1. 2m/ s i = v2 d 1. j 3 ( 3-10) i( ), M Pa/ m ; v, m/ s ; dj, m ( ), 2-16 Hk P Hk = Sk Q 2 ( 3-11) Hk, M Pa; Sk ; D N100, Sk = , D N150, Sk = ; Q, L/ s 7. ( 3-12) H = p Z + h + Hk ( 3-12) H, M Pa; p0, M Pa; Z, m; h, M Pa; Hk, M Pa 8.,, 0. 40M Pa,, (1 ), a. 50mm, 5 ; b. 30%, 20mm; c. 75
76 (2 ), a. 20m/ s; b. 1m; c., 1/ 2 ( 3-13) Hg = V2 g 2g V2g L d 1. g 3 ( 3-13) Hg, 10-2 MPa ;, 0. 7; Vg, m/ s; dg, m, 1mm ; L, m (3 ),, a. ; b., ; c., (3-32 ) ( ) ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 3-1, 3-33, , 0. 10MPa, 8. 0L/ ( minm 2 ), 160m 2 2., 68, 2. 5m3. 0 m 2. 7 m3. 0m, 3., L = 1. 2 A = = 15. 2m, B = A L = 160 = 10. 5m 15. 2,,, = 160m 2 76 : n = 15. 2/ 2. 5 = 6
77 3-33 : N = 10. 5/ 3 = 3. 5 (4 ) : 46 = 24 : = m 2 > 160m 2 77
78 3, : = 160m , 1 : q = k100 H = = 1. 33L/ s = 80( L/ min ) ; q= k100 H : Q = qi + Qi - 1 ( L/ s) ( ) i : hg = A LQ 2 ( MPa) : Q2 = Q1 H2/ H / MPa q / ( L/ s ) Q / ( L/ s ) D N / mm / ( MPa/ m ) i L L / m L D / m L h g / MPa / m D D32 25 = = D32 = D32 + D32 70 = = a D = = b5 c D100 = d6 e D100 = f7 78
79 q / MPa / ( L/ s ) D N i Q / mm / ( MPa/ m ) / ( L/ s ) L L / m L D / m L h g / MPa / m D100 + D D100 + D100 + D = = D100 = D D D D150 + D150 = = K0, D/ mm Q/ ( L/ s ) K 0 V = K 0 Q/ ( m/ s ) (1) 3-18, Q = L/ s = L/ min, 160m 2, : / 160 = L/ ( minm 2 ) > 8L/ ( minm 2 ), (2 ) , ,, R = , = m F = ( ) ( ) = m 2, F3 = 1. 92m
80 F2 = S + F3 = = 1. 57m 2 F1 = RR S = = 0. 88m 2 4 Sm a x Sm a x = F - 4 F1-4 F2 = = m = 5. 32L/ s ( 320L/ min ), Sm ax = = 8. 5L/ ( minm2 ), [ 8L/ ( minm 2 ) ] 85%, HP 7. Qb Hp = L/ s = M Pa Hpi = m hl = M Pa ( 3-18 ) Hb = = MPa DA , Q = 2535L/ s, = 13890m, n = 2950, = 75 % 73 %, 55k W 8., = 6. 00m, 0. 10MPa,,,, 5 30s, V s = 530 = 150L = 0. 15m 3, V0 = V s 1 - = = 0. 53m3 SQL , ( ) 9. ( GB ), 1015 L/ s, 30L/ s, 2, SQB , ( ) 80,
81 3-35, ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 ; 11 ; 12 ; 13 ; 14 ; 15 ; ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 ; 11 ; 12 ; 13 ; 14 ; 15 ; 16,,,,,
82 3-37,,, ; ; 3-20, 3-20 / m / m m 2 60m 2 2t
83 400m 2 500m 2 1.,,,,,,,, (1 ) 3-38 ABC, A, B, C, ABC, AC C 3mm, B,,, C A,,, 3-38, C, 3mm, C,,,, / mm D N65 D N100 D N150 / ms / s MPa MPa MPa MPa
84 / mm D N65 D N100 D N / nm / MPa / mm , C, BC,,,,, (2 ) 3-39,,,,,, 3-39 (3 ) 3-40 AB,, C, C, AC,, C,,,,,,,,, (4 ) ZSY/ SL ,, ZSY/ SL- 02,,, 84
85 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 ; 11 ; ZSY/ SL-02,,,, D N50 D N60 D N80 D N100 D N150 D N200 / M Pa / M Pa 1. 2 / M Pa 2. 4 GB ( 5 ) ZSFW ZSFW,, 85
86 ,, ZSFW ZSFW-32ZSFW-40ZSFW-50 ZSFW-65, 4. 5m/ s, 0. 02M Pa 2. (1 ), (2 ), (1 ), 86
87 3-43, 25kgf,, 3-44,,,,,,, ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7, / / / / kgf, 87
88 25mm,,, 1/ 4, , ;, (2 ) ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 3m, 150mm 25mm, 15mm, (3 ),,, (4 ),,,,, ( ), 1.,, mm,, 2. > 65mm,,,,
89 ; 2 ; 3 ; ; 2 ; 3 ; 4, 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 3. ( ),,,, ( ), 4,,,,,,,,,, ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ( ) 3, 2 89
90 1., 3-50,,, ;, 3-50, 0. 08m, L/ m h/ m L/ m h/ m L < L < L < L < L < L < L < L < L < L < M Pa 2.,,, 240m 2,, 4 ( ), 6, 6,
91 3-52,,,,, ( 10min ), 1h 2. d = 25mm, d = 15mm 3., ( 3-14) Q = F 200g H ( 3-14) Q, m 3 / s;, 0. 7; F, m 2 ; g, 9. 8m/ s 2 ; H, M Pa 0. 05M Pa 4.,,,
92 3-25 / mm / mm D N65 h = Q 2 h = Q 2 D N150 h = Q2 h = Q2 D N100 h = Q 2 h = Q 2 : Q L/ s, h 10 4 Pa,,,,, ;,, 1.,,,,,,,,,,, 3, 2. ( )( ), 3-53,,,, 1.,,,,, 2.,,,,,,,,,,, 92
93 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 ; 11 ; 12 ; 13 ; 14 ; 15 ; , , ; 15m ()8m () () 15 m ( )8m ( ),, ( ) 1.,,, 6mm8mm10mm ; 12. 7mm16mm19mm 93
94 , 3-54 ( a), ( b), 3-56 ( d),,,,,,,, 3-54 (c) , (1 ) 6 m,, 3-55 ;,, : K = 61, p = 0. 10M Pa 3-56 : K = 61, p = MPa 94
95 3-26 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) / K / M Pa / ( L/ min) / [ L/ (minm)] 2 2 / m / m m 2,,,, (2 ),,,, 50mm,, 3-57, 10mm mm, 3-58, / m > 3.5 / mm / m 3. 5m :,, 0. 5 L/ s 95
96 ( ),,,,,, 2,,,,, / mm / / mm , ( 10) 14 ( 10 ) 21 ( 36 ) 36 ( 72 ) ( 26 ) 34 ( 45 ) 50 (72 ) 19 l ( 18 ) 24 ( 32 ) 35 (52 ) : M Pa 5m/ s 2. 10m/ s ( ),,,, (1 ),,,, 3-59 (2 ),, 3-60,,,,, (3 ),, ( ), 0. 5L/ s 3m 2,, 1L/ s 3m 2, 2L/ s 96
97 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 1. Q, L/ s; q, L/ ( sm ) ; L, m 2. ( 3-16) ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 Q = ql ( 3-15) q= K 10 P ( 3-16) q, L/ s; P, MPa ; K 3.,, 0. 05M Pa,, 0. 10MPa, 3m/ s, 5m/ s, 4.,,, 0. 10M Pa, ( 3-17) H = H1 + H2 + H3 + h g ( 3-17) H, H1, M Pa; M Pa; 97
98 H2, M Pa; H3, M Pa, 3-25 ; hg, M Pa, - - -, 3 ; ;, B,, ;,,,, -,, ;,,,, - ; - -, -, -, -, -,, -,, A, B, C -, 2 3, - -,, -, --,,,
99 , A B C -,,,, -,, -, , 4L/ s, 3min 4L/ s 10min -, , 10min, 99
100 8L/ ( minm 2 ), 10min,, 310m;, -,,,, 6. 5L/ ( minm 2 ) ; 10min, ( ), E 7min, 60min, 465 m 2, 9. 3m 2, 3. 7m, , , ( 3-18) VF, L ; Q, L/ min; V F = K QB T ( 3-18) B, 3% 6%,,, 3%, 6% ; T, 10min, 7min; K, K = ,, 4L/ s, 3min,,,, 10m, 4L/ s, 100
101 ,, CBr F3,,,,, 1301,, (),,,,, ; ;,, ;, 2010 ( ) [ 1994 ] 094 [1999] 031 [ 2001 ] ,,,,,, ( ) 101
102 ,, a. 100 ( UPS ) ; b. 1 ; ; c. 2 6 d. ; e. 140m 2 ( ) ; f.,, ,,,,, , ,,,,,,, 102
103 ,,,, ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 ; 11 ; 12,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 10,, 103
104 ,,, ,,,,,,,,,,, 1.,,,,,,,,, 1301, 2.,,,,,, ;,,,,,, 1301, 500m 2, 2000m 3, 100m 2, 300m h ; 0. 25h, 1. 2kPa (),, 2/ 3,, 104
105 , ( 4-1 ) S, m 2 ; S = QM m pb QM, kg/ s ; pb, kpa, ; m kPa 20, 1301, (4-2) m = ( ) (4-1) m 3 / kg, (4-2) m kPa 20, 1301, m 3 / kg; 1301, % ; , m 3 / kg, 2001, 1301, % 10 min, 15s,, 1min, % 1301, ( 4-3 ) m a x m a x 1301, % ; Mec, Vmin, m 3 ; = M ec m a x 100% (4-3) Vm in kg; m a x 1301, m 3 / kg, ( 4-4 ) = ( H H + 1 ) n ( ) (4-4), ; H, m; n; 300m n= - 1, 300m n= 1, m n = , , ( 4-5 ) 105
106 Md = Md, V min kg; 1301, % ; V, m 3 ; min 1301, 2. (4-5) m 3 / kg, ( 4-5 ) 1301,, 1301, 1301 ( 4-6 ) Mr 1301, Mr m = i = 1 kg; V i i (4-6 ) V i 1301, i, m 3 ; i 1301, i 1301, kg/ m 3, 1 50 %, , , a. b.,, 2. 50MPa c., 4. 20MPa 1301, % 1301, 1125kg/ m 3, a. 50 % b. 80% a. 90% b.,, 106 a.,
107 60% b., 60%, 2. (1 ), ( 4-7 ) D, mm; D = 15 qm 1301, kg/ s ; ( 4-8 ) 4-2 Dm ax, qm (4-7) Dm a x qm (4-8) mm 4-2 (2 ), ( 4-9 ) qs m = M s d td qs m, kg/ s; Ms d 1301, td, s (3 ), ( 4-10) pn, pc, kpa, ; kpa, ; kg; pl, kpa ; ph, kpa (4 ) ( 4-11) Ce = Ce, % ; V pi, m 3 ; (4-9) pn = pc - pl - ph ( 4-10) n i = 1 V pi M0 100% (4-11 ) 107
108 pi 1301, kg/ m 3 ; M0 1301, kg (5 ), ( 4-12) (4-13 ) 2. 50M Pa, C e = n M0 V pi i = M Pa, C e = M0 n V pi i = 1 C e, % ; , kg/ m 3 ; n V pi, i = m 3 100% ( 4-12) 100% (4-13 ) (6 ),, 3% (7 ) 1301 (4-14 ) pc, M Pa, ; K1 K2 K3, 4-1 / MPa, / ( kg/ m 3 ) pc = K1 - K2 Ce + K3 C 2 e ( 4-14) 4-1 K 1 K 2 K 3 K 1 K 2 K 3 / MPa, / ( kg/ m 3 ) K 1 K 2 K (8 ), 1301 YZ, ( 4-15) D, mm; q - 2 m = D Y L D Z L, m; qm 1301, kg/ s YZ 1301, ( 4-15) (4-16 ), Y = - p ( 4-15) d p (4-16 ) p s Z = - ln s ( 4-17 )
109 Y, M Pakg/ m 3 ; Z; ps, M Pa; p, M Pa; s ps 1301, kg/ m 3 ; p 1301, kg/ m 3, ( 4-18) Y 2 = Y 1 + lq2 pm K i qpm 1301, kg/ s ; l, m; Y1 Y, MPakg/ m 3 ; Y2 Y, MPakg/ m 3 ; Z1 Z ; Z2 Z ; K i, : K i = D ; Kt, : Kt = D 4 + Kt q 2 p m ( Z2 - Z1 ) ( 4-18) (9 ), 3 ( ), 4 (10), (4-19 ) Ph = 10-3 bh gn ( 4-19) H,, ; b 1301, ( ) kg/ m ,, 440kg, 1000 kg/ m 3, 4. 2MPa, 4-3,, 440kg, 10 s (1 ) QA-B = 4kg/ s QB- E QE- F = 16 kg/ s = 8kg/ s QF -G = 4kg/ s (2 ) D = 15 (3 ) Vp qm Dm a x qm, Vp= = m 3 (4 ) ( ) LA-B = 6. 34m () LB-C = 37. 9m ( ) 109
110 LC-D LD- E = 8. 5m () 4-3 = 6. 9m ( ) (5 ) C e = M0 n Vp i i = (6 ) 100% = % = 48. 2% 4. 2MPa1000kg/ m 3 4-1, Pc = K1 - K2 Ce + K3 C 2 e = = 2. 34MPa (7 ) 3, p A-B = 0. 02M Pa/ m p B- C = M Pa/ m p C-D = M Pa/ m p D- E = 0. 02MPa/ m, , 110 p A-B = = M Pa/ m p B- C = = M Pa/ m p C-D = = MPa/ m p D- E = = MPa/ m (8 ) A-B PB p A- B = p A-B LA-B = = 0. 2MPa 2. 34M Pa 1000 kg/ m 3, 1, 1301
111 1204 kg/ m 3, H 1m, ph = 10-3 bh gn = = 11. 8kPa pb = = 2. 15MPa (9 ) B-C pc p B- C = p B-C L B-C = = M Pa 2. 15M Pa 1000 kg/ m 3, 3, kg/ m 3, H 5m, pc ph = 10-3 bh gn = = 1. 91M Pa = = 53. 2kPa (10) C-D pd pd = pc - p C-D LC-D = = 1. 80MPa (11) D-E pe pe = pd - p D- E LD- E = = 1. 57M Pa 1. 57M Pa 1. 17MPa,, ( ),,, Office Excel, 1301,, 440kg, 1000 kg/ m 3, 4. 2MPa, 4-4,, 440kg, 10 s 4-4, 4-2, 111
112 1., : B4, A-B, C4 = 15 * B4^0. 5,, C13, D4 = B4^ * 21. 5, C4 D4, E4, F4, G4G13, H4 = * F4^2 * G4/ 40000, H14 = SUM ( H4: H13 ) + H8 + 3 * H9 + H13, M kg/ m 3, I15 = ( * M15 )/ (B5 * 10/ H * M ) 80%, I4I13 H16 = * I * I15^2 ; K16 = H16/ 2 2. B21 = B4, C21 = E4, C21 D21,, 30, D21 = I4, B21 G21 = * 10^ - 8 * C21^5. 25,, G30, ki,, H21 = * 10^6 * C21^ - 4, kj J21 = H16, M Pa Y A ZA K21J21, M21 = K21 + D21 * B21^2/ G21, Y A ZA YB, 2 Y B ZB N21, O21 = M21 + H21 * B21^2 * ( N21 - L21 ), YB, PB 2. 03, P21 PB F21, I22 = 10^ - 6 * * F21 * E21, Ph J22 = P21,, PC J24J28 = P22 + I22,, PD PG J25 = P24,, PE PF PC 2 F28, C- D, J29 = P28 + I28,, PH PI 10, 1. 66MPa 1. 11M Pa,,,,,,,,,, 113
113 ki kj,,, 114
114 ,,,,,,, ( ) 2t/ h,, 500m 3, 5-1,,, 45, ( ),,
115 5-1 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7, ( p M Pa),,, 0. 6MPa 60m ( ) 60m,, 116
116 ,,, 35%, 0. 35m 3 ( 5-1 ) W = V (5-1) W, kg; V, m 3,,,,, 3min, 3min,, / [ kg/ ( sm 3 ) ] ( < 150 m 3 ) ( > 150m 3 ) , / m 3 / / mm / [ kg/ ( sm 3 ) ] < , / m 3 / mm / [ kg/ ( sm 3 ) ] / m 3 / mm / [ kg/ ( sm 3 ) ] <
117 , 1.,, ( ), mm 100mm,, 3 5mm, mm,,,,, 2.,,, 1m, 3. 20mm; 1520mm, 4 : 5000m 3, 80mm; m 3, 50mm; 1000m 3, 40 mm 4., ,, 118
118 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, , (), 119
119 1. ( ),,, 20 60,,,,,, ( ),,,,,, :, ;, 500m 3 200m 3, ( GBJ 7484),,, 6-1, ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7
120 ,,,,,, 6-2,,,,,,,,,, ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 2. 5 ; 6 ; 7,,,,, 6-3,,,,, ;,, ( ), 3. ( ),, 6-4,,,,,,,, : 500m m 3, 7m ; 200m 3 121
121 100m 3 5 m ; ;, ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 4.,, 25mm , 20,, 20 80,,,,,,,,,,, 1. :,, ;, 122 B
122 100m 3 B, ;, 2. B 100m 2 B : 200m 3,, , 20 50,,, 20 60,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 123
123 ,,,,, 3,, 3,, 1.,,,,, (1 ), 6-5,,, ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 ; 11 ; 12 ; 13 6 ; (2 ), 6-6,,
124 6-6 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 ; 11 P H F ; 12 ; 13,,,,, 3.,,,,,,,,,,, B 125
125 , 20,, 4., ( ),,, / m P Q8 / / min < ( GB ) > ,, 2. (1 ), Q = Q1 + Q2 (6-1) Q, L/ min ; Q1, L/ min ; ( 6-2 ) Q2, L/ min; ( 6-3 ) ( 6-1 ) Q1 (6-2) Q1 = F I (6-2) F, m; ; I, L/ ( minm 2 ) ;
126 6-2 / [ L/ ( min m 2 ) ] / min ( GB ) :, ( 6-1 ) Q2 ( 6-3 ) Q2 = n2 q2 (6-3) n2, 6-3; q2 P Q8, L/ min; n1, (6-4) n1 = Q 1 q1 (6-4) q1, L/ min, 0. 5M Pa,, PC4, 4L/ s ( 240 L/ min ) 0. 5MPa ( M Pa ), ( 6-5 ) q1 = K1 p (6-5) K1, ; p, M Pa / m P Q8 / / min < > / m < / (6-4) Q1 (6-1 ) Q2 (6-6) Q2 = n2 q2 (6-6) n2 P Q8 ; q2 P Q8, L/ min (2 ) ( 6-7 ) WP = 0. 06W = 0. 06( W 1 + W 2 + W G ) (6-7) WP, m 3 ; W, m 3 W = W 1 + W2 + W G ( 6-8 ) ( 6-9 ) ( 6-10) ; W 1 = Q 1 t (6-8) 127
127 W1, m 3 ; t1, min W 2 = Q2 t W2, m 3 ; t2, min (6-9) W G W G, m 3 ; d, m; L, m = d2 4 L ( 6-10) (3 ),, Ws, m 3 ; W, m 3 ; Ws = W (1 - b% ) ( 6-11) b, 6%,,, (4 ),, ; 25%,, Q, D 3m/ s / ( L/ s) / mm / ( L/ s) / mm P C PC P C PC (GBJ ), 3m,,,,,, 3m/ s, (5 ) ( 6-12) H = h ( h + h+ Z) ( 6-12) 128
128 H, M Pa; h0, M Pa; h, h, M Pa; Z, 3., ( F) ( I) M Pa; m, MPa 1. 0m,, 0. 9m, 0. 25m,, 12mm8mm 0. 55m, 0. 5 m 4., (1 ) ( 6-2 ), 6-2 ( 6-4 ), ( 6-13) q2 = K2 p ( 6-13) K2, p, M Pa; MPa (2 ) Q1 N ( 3 ), QP L, L/ s ( 6-15) QP L = Q1 N ( 6-14) D = 4QP L v ( 6-15) v, m/ s; 3m/ s / m / / mm / mm < > ,, 45, 10 1, ;, (3 ) ( 6-16) h = CQP L ( 6-16) 129
129 h, Pa/ 10m; C6-7 ; QP L, L/ s 6-7 ( 6-17) H3, H3 = hlg ( 6-17) Pa; LG,,, ;, 5. (1 ) ( 6-18) QL, L/ min ; I, (2 ) ( 6-19) QL = I S ( 6-18) L/ ( minm 2 ) N = Q L N ; ql, L/ min, (3 ) ( 6-20) ql ( 6-19) = Q B 6% ( 6-20) ql N ; QB, L/ min; 6%, 3% 6%, 6 % ; N (4 ) Q = K1 N ( 6-21) 130
130 Q ; K ; N P = K2 ( PB + P1 ) ( 6-22) P, M Pa; PB, M Pa; P1 ; K (5 ), 3m/ s, ( GBJ 8485),, 6., :, ; 30 m,, 5min,, 2500m 3, 500m m 3, 100m m 3, : m, m6 %,, 6-8 (1 )
131 (2 ) Q = Q1 = F I = 6 = L/ min 4 n1 = Q 1 (3 ) q1 q1 = = 0. 7, 1, 0. 7M Pa0. 175M Pa PCY L/ min, (4 ) D = Q1= 1900L/ min = 15L/ s QP L = Q1 N = 153 = 45L/ s 4 QP L v = = 0. 14m D = 150mm, 1 1. (1 ), Q1, ( 6-23) Q1, Q1 = IF ( 6-23) L/ min; I, 4L/ ( minm 2 ), B ; F, m 2 ; n1, (6-24 ) n1 = Q1 q1, q1 ( 6-24) L/ s,,, / ( L/ s) / m PZ-1. 5 PZ , 6-9, 500m 3 ; 500m 3 ( ),,,
132 n1, Q1, ( 6-25) Q1, L/ s ; n1; Q1 = n1q1 ( 6-25) q1, L/ s ; Q2 :,,,,,, :,, / m / / min 15 PZS > 15 PZS Q2, L/ s ; n2 ; Q2 = n2 q2 ( 6-26) q2, L/ s ; 133
133 ,,, PZ5 PZ5A PZS-3 Q, (6-27 ) Q, L/ s; Q1, L/ s; Q2, Q = Q1 + Q2 ( 6-27) L/ s (2 ),, W D, (6-28 ) WD, L ; Q1, L/ s; t, min, 6-10 ; W D = Q1 t K ( 6-28) K 6% WG, (6-29) W G = 1000 d2 4 L K ( 6-29) W G, L ; d, m; L, m W P, (6-30 ) WP = W D + W G ( 6-30) WP ; W D, L ; W G, L ;, ( 6-31) WL = Q2 tk ( 6-31) WL, L ; t, min; 6-10; K 6-10 / min 15 B, 100 m 2 B 10 : B, 134
134 ,,, ( 6-32) WP, L ; W D, L ; WP = W D + W G + W L ( 6-32) W G, L ; W L, L, (3 ) WS, ( 6-33) WS = 1 - K W P ( 6-33) K WS, L ; K 6% 0. 08; WP, L (4 ),, 20%, 8% P H, (5 ), 5m/ s; 10m/ s; : ( ), ; 1. 2MPa ;, ;, 3, ;,,,, ,,,, 6-11 PZ6 PZ6 PZ3 PZ / mm (6 ) (7 ) 2.,, (1 ) Qh ( 6-34) 135
135 R, m 3 / min; R = ZS ( 6-34) Z, m/ min, 0. 3, B ; S, m 2 n, (6-35) n = R rz rz, Qh ( L/ min), ( 6-36) m 3 / min, ( 6-35) Qh = nqh ( 6-36) qh, L/ min, ; n (2 ) Qp ( L/ min), ( 6-37) Qp = K Qh ( 6-37) K 3% 6 %, W p t, (3 ) Qs ( L), ( 6-38) W p = Qp t ( 6-38) min, 12min ( L/ min), ( 6-39) W s ( L), (6-40 ) (4 ) Qs = Qh ( 1 - K ) ( 6-39) W s = Qs t ( 6-40),,, (5 ) (6 ),,,,, m 3, 11. 5m, m, m 2, m 136, 6%
136 6-11 (1 ) Q1, PZ-3, 3L/ s n1 = Q 1 q1 = = IF = = L/ min = 7. 02L/ s 0. 3M Pa, = 2. 34, 3 PZ-3, Q1 = 33 = 9L/ s (2 ) Q2 = n2 q2 = 13 = 3L/ s Q = Q1 + Q2 W D = = 12L/ s = Q1 tk = = 648L W G : Q = 12L/ s, D N80 ( d1 = 81mm ), L1 = 200mm; : Q = 3L/ s, D N50 ( d2 = 53mm), = 75m W G = d2 1 4 L 1 + d2 2 4 L K = = 96L 4 WL, 1m 3 = Q2 tk = = 108L WP = WD + W G + WL = = 852L = m 3 137
137 (3 ) Q = 12L/ s,, 2 P H32 ( ) (4 ) : Q = = 13. 2L/ s; : H = h (h + h+ Z) : h0 0. 3M Pa; h, : Q = 12L/ s, D N80, v = 2. 42m/ s, i = , L = 200m : Q = 3L/ s, D N50, v = 1. 41m/ s, i = , L = 25m 20%, h = 1. 2 ( ) = m; h0. 5 m ( ) ; Z, 15m (5 ) WS, H = ( ) = MPa WS = 1 - K K WP = = 9. 8m = m 3, 12m 3,,,,,, A, 60min;, 30min,, A B,, 1. (1 ), ( 6-41) R, 138 T, R = m 3 / min; min, 6-12 ; CN, 1. 15; CL, ; v T + R S CN CL ( 6-41) RS, m 3 / min,, RS = 0 ;, (6-42) RS = Rs Qr ( 6-42) Rs, ( m 3 / min), L/ min; Qr, L/ min;
138 v, S, m 2 ; m 3 (6-43 ) v = S H - Vg ( 6-43) Vg, m 3 ; H, m A, 1. 1, 0. 6m; B, 2m B, 6-12 T/ min ( ) (2 ) ( 6-44) N, ; r, R, N= R/ r ( 6-44) m 3 / min m 3 / min, ;,,, (3 ) Qh ( 6-45) Qh, Qh = Nq L ( 6-45) L/ min; N, ; q L, 2. (1 ) Qp (6-46 ) Qp, L/ min Qp = K Qh ( 6-46) L/ min; K, 3% ; Qh Qh, (2 ) W p (6-47 ) L/ min W p = Qp t ( 6-47) 139
139 W p, L ; t, min ; Qp, L/ min,,, 0. 5t,, 5% 10%, 2t, 3. (1 ) ( 6-48) Qs, Qs = Qh ( 1 - K ) ( 6-48) L/ min; K, 3% ; Qh Qh, (2 ) ( 6-49) Ws, L ; Qs, L/ min; L/ min t, min W s = Qs t ( 6-49), 5% 10%, ,,,, 5., 5m/ s, 10m/ s 1. 2MPa, 140
140 6.,,,,,,,,,,, 1., 6-12,,,,,,,,, ; 2 ; 3 ; 4,,,,, 141
141 P H PH P H32 P H48 P H64 / ( L/ s ) / ( L/ s) / M Pa / M Pa ,,,, 1m, , 6% ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 2.,,, 6-14,,, P H Y P H YT P HJ, P H Y P HJ 142
142 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; PHY P H Y32C P H Y48/ 55 P H Y64/ 76 P H Y72/ 30. C % 6 % 6 % 3 % / ( L/ s ) / % / L / min ( )/ t PHJ P H J60/ 100 P H J60/ 100 A P Hj120/ 150 P H J120/ 150 A / % / ( L/ s ) / M Pa / M Pa M Pa, 0. 1MPa 3% 6% 10m 3 ;, 5m 3,,, 0. 5m 3, 3min 3., 143
143 , 6-15,,, ; 2 ; 3 ; 4,,, P H X PHX / ( L/ s ) / % / Pa / M Pa P H X2/ P H X4/ P H X8/ M Pa L/ min 35%,, / < ( ),, 1.,
144 6-18 / % / / 6 % 6 % Y E % Y E3 3 Y EF Y EF A F F F F F F P KR Y E KJ 6 A YEDF6 6,,, :,,, ( ),, 2.,,,, 6%, 8%, 40, ,, 6-19, 1. (1 ), 145
145 , / % / 25 % / min Y E GZ3 A Y E GD Y E GZ3B Y E GZ6 A( 6C) Y E GZ6B Y E GD Y EG Z3D Y EG Z6D Y E G H ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5,,,,,,,,,, 6-20 PC PS PC PS / MPa / ( L/ s) / PC4 P S PC8 P S PC16 P S PC24 P S P S
146 (2 ), ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5,,,,,,, PCY PCY / ( L/ s) / MPa / MPa / 25 % / s PC Y PC Y450G 450 PC Y PC Y900G > 180 PC Y1350G 1350 PC Y1800G ,,, ;,,,,,, 3.,,,,,,,,, PF20 BGP-200 PF-20, BG P-200,,,,, ,,, PF4, PFS3 PFS4 P FS10 147
147 PF T4 5 PF4,,,, 0. 3MPa 3 % PFS3 PFS4 P FS10 PF4,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1.,, 3,,, ;,, ;,, 2.,,,, 4,, -,,,, 1.,,, 6%,,,,,, 2.,, ;,,,, ,,
148 ,, 4.,, 65mm, 5m,,,,,,,,, 149
149 ,,,,,,,,, 7-1, 7-2,,,, ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 ; 11 ; 12 ; 13 ; 14 ; 15,,,,,,,,,,,, 150
150 7-2,,,,,,, ABCD, ( ) BC,, 151
151 ,,, A,, ( ),, ( ) D,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1.,, ;,,,,,, 2.,,, 3.,, ;,,,, 152,
152 ; 1. B C, BC,, ( ),,, ( ) ( ), 2. ABC, ABC, D, 3. D, BC,,, Y F B C G Y FG B C Y F J Y FJ B C A Y FA B C L YFL A B C Y F B C D,, 55, 40,,,,, ;,, 5 :, 153
153 ;, ;, ;,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,, 15%,,, /,,,,, 154 ( ) 1.
154 ,,,, 7-3, 9, M Pa 2.,,,, 20 s,,,, ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7, 7-2 / ( kg ) / kg ( ),,,, 40 L 15MPa,, 60L 20MPa 1., 40L,,, 7-4, M Pa,, 2. 15M Pa, 20M Pa,,, M Pa,,,,,, ; 155
155 ,,,,,,,,,,, 100% ( ), 15M Pa, 20M Pa, 2MPa,, ; ;, ; 2 ; 3 ; ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; M Pa, 07. 5M Pa, MPa M Pa,,,,,,, 2 0 s, 156
156 ( ) 1. :, 7-6,, ;,, ;,,,, ;, ;,,, ,,,,,,, QM FT P8 QM FT P10 QM F TP12 Q MF TP15 Q MF TP18 / mm / ( kg/ s) / m / M Pa ( ) 1.,,,,, 2.,,,, 3. ( ),,, 157
157 ( ) ( ),,,,,,, 1. (1 ) ( ), 7-4,, / ( kg/ m 3 ) / ( kg/ m 2 ) ( 7-1 ) m1,, kg/ m 3 ; m1 V1, m 3 ; V2, m 3 ; = ( V1 - V2 ) + ba (7-1) b, kg/ m 2 ; A, m 2 (2 ),, 7-5 kg; 7-5 / ( kg/ m 2 ) ( 7-2 ) m2, 158 m2 = ( A1 - A2 ) (7-2) kg;
158 , kg/ m 2 ; A1, m 2 ; A2, m 2 (3 ),,,,, 2.,,, / ( L/ kg ) ( 7-3 ) V, L ;, L/ k g; W, V = W (7-3) kg 3.,,,,,, ( 7-4 ) ( 7-5 ) ( 7-4 ) S= ( 7-5 ) S, mm; S, mm; S= P, M Pa; DB, ; mm; hb, B n PDB 2 [ ]- P + C (7-4) D B PDB 4 [ ]- P2 + C (7-5) hb mm; [ ] =, n, B ; C= C1 + C2, mm C, C= C1 + C2 + C3 mm; 159
159 C1 ; C2 ; C3, C3 = S 10,, 2,,,,,,,, ;,,, 2030L/ kg, 50L/ kg,, ( 7-6) Vq, L ; W, kg; vq, Vq = vq W + Vg (7-6) L/ kg; Vg, ( 7-7 ) n, ; Vq, L ; Up, L 1. n = Vq Up L (7-7),, 2030m/ s,,,,, 3,, ,,, ;,, 2.,, 30%,,,,,,,,, 160
160 ,, 7-7, / mm / ( kg/ s ) ,,, 7-8,,,,,, 7-8 / mm / m
161 ,,, 50 %,,,,,,,,,,, 1. ( ) ( ) 2. ( ) ( ) ( ) 1.,,,
162 ,,,,,, M Pa, CO2,,,,, 2. 07M Pa, 18,, 15M Pa, 2. 5MPa,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,, 2. 2MPa, 2MPa, CO2,, 2. 2MPa 163
163 ,,, ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (1 ),,,,,,,,,,, (2 ),,,, (3 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
164 500m 2 ; 2000m h, h, 1. 2kPa,, ;,, 3%,, 2. 25m 2, 50 m 2 ;, 50m 3, 100m 3 3m/ s,,, 150mm ,,,, 100,, 5 2% - 20, 1 2%,, 2/ 3,, ( 8-1 ) Ax = Qt pt (8-1) Ax, m 2 ; Qt, kg/ min; pt, Pa 1. 7, 34% 101kPa, 8-1 1min, 7min, 2min 30% min, 1. 5min 165
165 8-1 K b C/ % / min K b C/ % / min # / 145 # ( ) JP ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ), (1 ) ( 8-2 ) M = Kb ( 0.2 A + 0.7V ) (8-2) M, kg; A, m 2, A = Av + 30 A0 ; Av, m 2 ; A0, m 2 ; Kb, 8-1; V, m 3, V = Vv - Vg ; Vg, m 3 ; Vv, m 3 (2 ) 100, 5 2%,
166 , 12% (3 ) 8%, ( ), ;, 1.,,,, 45, / m L b L b L b L b 0,,, ( 8-3 ) M = NQi t (8-3) M, N; kg; Qi, min; t, 2. min kg/,,, 0. 6 m (1 ) ( 8-4 ) 8-2 B 1, B 2 ; E 1, E 2 ; S, m ; L b, m; L p, m ;, ( ) qv = Kb Ap At (8-4) qv, kg/ ( minm 3 ) ; 167
167 At, m 2 ; Ap, (2 ) ( 8-5 ) V1, m 3 m 2 M = V1 qv t (8-5),,, 1. 4, 1. 1 ( ) 1. Mc = Km M + Mv + Ms + Mr (8-6) Mv = Mg Cp ( T1 - T2 ) H (8-7) Mr = V i i ( ) (8-8) i = Pi P 2 i P 3 i P 4 i (8-9) Mc, kg; Pi = P j Pj ( 8-10) Km ; 1;, 1. 4, 1. 1; Mv, kg, 0; T2,, 15. 6, ; H, kj/ kg; kJ/ kg, kJ/ kg; Ms, Mr, V i i, m 3 ; kg; kg, 0; i i, kg / m 3 ; Pi i, M Pa; Pj - 1 j, MPa ; Pj j, 2. MPa (1 ) ( 8-11) Np ;, kg/ L ; V0, Np L = M c V0 (2 ) (1 ) ( 8-12) Q = M t ( 8-11) ( 8-12) 168
168 Q, kg/ min (2 ) ( 8-13) Ng ; Qi, (3 ) ( 8-14) D, mm; N g Q = Qi ( 8-13) 1 kg/ min Kd, D = Kd Q ( 8-14) (4 ) 8-3 / mm 90 / m 8-3 / m / m 90 / m / m / m (5 ) ( 8-13), : 5. 17MPa, 169
169 8-4 : MPa, Q 2 = D 5.25 Y L + ( D 1.25 Z) ( 8-15) D, mm; L, m; Y, M Pakg/ m 3, ; Z, Y Z / M Pa Y/ ( MPakg/ m 3 ) Z / M Pa Y/ ( MPakg/ m 3 ) Z Y Z / M Pa Y/ ( MPakg/ m 3 ) Z / M Pa Y/ ( MPakg/ m 3 ) Z (6 ), 8-6, 170
170 8-6 / M Pa K h / ( M Pa/ m ) / M Pa K h / ( M Pa/ m ) (7 ), 60 s 30s(8-16 ) td = Mg cp ( T1 - T2 ) Q Vd Q ( 8-16) td, s; Mg, kg; cp, k J/ ( kg ) ; 0. 46kJ/ ( k g ) ; T1, ; ; T2, ; ; V d, m 3 (8 ) ( ) 1. 4MPa, 1. 0MPa (9 ) ( 8-17) F, mm 2 ; q0, F = Q i q0 kg/ ( minmm 2 ), 8-7 ( 8-17) 8-7 / M Pa q 0 / [ kg/ ( minmm 2 ) ] / M Pa q 0 / [ kg/ ( minmm 2 ) ]
171 / M Pa q 0 / [ kg/ ( minmm 2 ) ] / M Pa q 0 / [ kg/ ( minmm 2 ) ] (10), No. d/ mm F/ mm 2 No. d/ mm F/ mm : mm 172
172 ( ),,,,,,,,,, (1 ) (2 ),, (3 ),,, (4 ), 60,,,,,, C ;, 173
173 40M W 90MW 125MW ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 174
174 3.,,,,,,,,, ( ), a.,,, b.,, 4. ( ),,,, 9-1,
175 9-2 1 ( ) 2 ( 13 mm ), 3, 4 (10 mm ) ( ) 5 ( 10 mm ) 6, 7 8 ( 40 mm ) 9 10 ( ), 11, 12 (10 mm ) ( ) 13 14, 15, ( ) 1.,, A B C, 9-2 A,,,, B C M Pa, mm, MPa, mm,
176 2., 1. 4, 1. 7, ( 9-1 ) R = Btan 2 (9-1) R, m; B, m;, ( ), ,,,,, 0. 7m,,, 1000m 3, 3. 6m,, 3. (1 ),,,,,,,, (2 ),,, (3 ),,,,, ( ),,,,,, 177
177 ( ),,, 100mm, ; 100mm,,,,, 60 s,,,,, 1., / [ L/ ( minm 2 ) ] / h m m
178 / M Pa / s ,,,, 4. ( ),, 1. ( 9-2 ) q, L/ min; p, MPa ; K, q = K 10 p (9-2) 2. (9-3) N = SW q N; S, m 2 ; W, L/ ( minm 2 ) 3. ( 9-4 ) Qj = 1 n 60 i = 1 (9-3) qi (9-4) 179
179 Qj, L/ s; n ; qi, L/ min, Pi ( MPa), 4. ( 9-5 ) Qs, L/ s ; Qj, L/ s ; k, Qs = kqj (9-5), 6. ( 9-6 ) hr, hr = Br Q 2 (9-6) M Pa; Br, ; Q, L/ s 7. ( 9-7 ) H = h+ h0 + Z 100 (9-7) H, M Pa; h, M Pa; h0, M Pa; Z,, Z, m 8.,,, 2, 20m/ s, 1. 0m 9-3,, 13,
180 9-5 D 1 = D 3 / mm D 2 / mm / mm D 2 / mm / mm D 2 / mm / mm
181 ,,,,,,,,,, :, ;, ;, ;,,,, 8m,,, ( ),,,,,, 182
182 ,,,,,,,,,,,, 1.,, 10-1, , -,, ;, 183
183 , ,,,,,,, / ( L/ s ) / MPa / MPa / m / ( ) / ( ) 70 / mm / ( L/ s ) / MPa / MPa / m / ( ) / ( ) 70 6 / mm % / min
184 ,, ; ;,
185 ,,,,,,,,,,,, 6.,,, 50,, 220,,, -, 1.,,, 2.,,,, 186
186 , 10-5 (a),,,,,,,,,,, ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ;
187 ,,, 10-5 ( b ),,,,,,, 10-5 (c),,,, 3., ( ),, ;, 10m 3,,, ;, ;, 1. 0kg/ L, 15M Pa,,,,,, 1. 5,,, 188,,,
188 300mm,,,,,,,,,, ;,,, ,,, ,,,,,, MPa kN, 1. 6M Pa, 12. 5kN,,, 189
189 6L/ s ; ; 2. 5m;,, 30m,, 48h 5min, 2min,,,,,,,,,,,,, 190
190 1.,,, 90%,,, ( 10-1) Ds, m; Ds = Ds0 Ds0, m; Pe, MPa ; P0, MPa Pe P0 ( 10-1),, 2., (1 ) ( 10-2), 30L/ s Qs, L/ s ; Qs = qs0 Pe P0 ( 10-2) qs0, L/ s (2 ) 1. 0h; 2. 0h; (3 ), 40L/ s, 60 L/ s; ; 16L/ ( minm 2 ) (4 ) ; ( 10-3) F, m 2 ; F = 3 B L - f m a x ( 10-3) 191
191 B, m; L, m; fm a x, m 2 1.,, 90%,,, ( 10-4) Pe Dp = Dp0 P0 ( 10-4) Dp, m; Dp0, m; Pe, MPa ; P0, MPa,, 2.,, 1. 2 (1 ) ( 10-5), 48L/ s Pe Qp = qp0 P0 ( 10-5) Qp, L/ s ; qp0, L/ s ; (2 ) (3 ) ; ; ;, 90%
192 10-3 / ( kg/ m 2 ) / ( kg/ m 2 ) % 60 s a., ; 1. 2 b kg, %, 1. 4MPa1. 6MPa1. 8M Pa 20m 10m a. 10m20m, 50L b. 10m, 40L 1. ( 10-6) Q, L/ s; Q = Np Qp + Ns Qs + N m Qm ( 10-6) Np, ; Ns, ; Nm, ; Qp, L/ s; Qs, L/ s; Qm, L/ s 2. ( 10-7) H = v2 d 1. 3 L + v2 2 g H, m H2 O ; L, m; v, m/ s; d, m; g, m/ s 2 ; 3. ( 10-8) P, m H2 O; Z, m ; ( 10-7) P = Z + H + Pe ( 10-8) 193
193 H, m H2 O; Pe ( ), m H2 O 1.,,,,,,,,,, 100m 1km 30m 2.,,,,,,,,,, 194
194 ,,,, 1994, 2005, , , :, ( ODP ), (GMP0. 1 ), ; ; ;,, 10s ;,, FM200, H FC-227ea, CF3 CH FCF ( ODP ) / ( NO V AL ) ( LO A EL ) % % / / (21 )/ ( kg/ cm 2 ) (21 )/ ( kg/ cm 3 ) L C50 A LC > 80 % (21 )/ ( kg/ cm 3 ) 1407 : LC50 4h 50 %, A LC, 1301, 1301,, ( 8% 10% ), 1301 (5 % 8% ), ( ODP ) ; 1301,, 195
195 1301,, 1301,, ,,,, 2.,,,,,,,,, 3.,,,,, 1.,,, 11-1,, 11-2 A B, A, A A,, ; B, B B ( 1) ( 2 )( 3 ) ( 4) B 2.,, N2,,,,,, ( DC24V),,,,,,,, 196
196 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 ; 11 ; 12 ; 13 N 2 ; ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5,,,,, 197
197 ,,,,,,,,,, ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (1 ),,,,,,,,,,, (2 ),,, (3 ),,,,,,,,,,,,, (4 ),,,, ;,, 500m 2, 2000m 3, 100m 2, 300m h, 0. 25h, 1. 2kPa 198
198 ,,,,, 2/ 3, ( 11-1) Fx, m 2 ; Fx = Q, kg/ s ; pf, Pa Q = W/ t W, t, kg; s Q pf ( 11-1), ( ), 101kPa,, 101kPa, 1. 2, 1. 1, ( HFC-227ea) / % / % / % A V (, 7. 8 % ) J P J P Pyrollidin e ( HFC-227ea) / % / % / % , ,
199 ,, ;,,, / % / min ( ), ( ), 8,, 100% 1., ( 11-2) W = K V S C C S = T ( 11-2) W, kg; C(), % ; S 101kPa, V, m 3 ; K, 11-5 ; T, m 3 / kg; 11-5 / m / m / m , ( ) 1., 20, % ( 200
200 ), 2. 5M Pa0. 125M Pa ( ) 4. 2M Pa0. 125M Pa ( ), 1150kg/ m 3, 80%,,, 20%,, 1,, 8s ;, 10 s,,, ,, 1m, 1,,, 12, 0. 5m a. 5. 0m; b. 0. 3m; c. h < 1. 5m,, 3. 5m; d. h1. 5m,, 5. 0m 13, 14, a. b., c.,, d., 80mm, ; 80 mm, e., 2. (1 ),,, ( 11-3) 201
201 Qw = W t ( 11-3) Qw, kg/ s; W(), t, s, ( 11-4) kg; Qg N g = Qc ( 11-4) l Qg, kg/ s; Ng, ; Qc, kg/ s (2 ) 50%, (3 ), ( 11-5) pm = p0 V0 V0 + Vp + W 2 ( 11-5) pm ( ), MPa ; p0 ( ), MPa ; V0,, m 3 ; W (), kg; 0, kg/ m 3 ( 20, 1407) ; Vp, m 3 V0 = nvb 1 - ( 11-6) n, ; Vb, m 3 ;, k g/ m 3 (4 ), ( 11-7 ), 11-4 p = Q 2 p D lg D 5 L ( 11-7) p, MPa ; L, m; Qp, kg/ s; D, mm (5 ) ( ) MPa/ m
202 11-4 (6 ), ( 11-8) pc ( ), MPa ; N d pc = pm - p ph ( 11-8) l pm ( ), MPa ; p, M Pa; Nd ; ph, M Pa, ( 11-9) ph = 10-6 H g ( 11-9) H, m;, kg/ m 3 ; g, m/ s 2,, pc 0. 8MPa ( ) ;, pc 0. 5MPa ( ) pc pm/ 2M Pa ( ) (7 ), ( ) Fc, cm 2 ; Qc, kg/ s ; Fc =, kg/ m 3 ; pc ( ), M Pa; c 10 Qc 2pc (11-10) c,, ( ), 11-6 ; 203
203 11-7; / mm / mm / mm / mm / ( dm 3 / m ) / mm / mm / mm / mm / ( dm 3 / m ) / mm / mm / mm / mm / ( dm 3 / m ) D N/ mm / m D N/ mm / m , 4. 2 m 13. 2m 7. 2m, (1 ), c = 8% (2 ) V = = ( m 3 ) (3 ) W = K V S, K = 1 ; c c S = = ( m 3 / k g) W = (4 ), t = 7s = ( kg) (5 ),, R = 5m 2, 204 (6 ), W = kg, 90 L 3 (7 ), 11-5 (8 ) Qw = W t Qg = Q w 2 Qp = W/ n t (9 ) = = = ( kg/ s ) = ( kg/ s) / 3 7 = ( kg/ s ), 11-4 (10) W s = W + W 1 + W 2 W 2 = 0
204 11-5 W 1 = n3. 5 = = ( kg ) = Ws nvb (11) = = ( kg/ m 3 ), Vp = = ( dm 3 ) (12) V0 = nvb = (13), Pm = = ( m 3 ) P0 V V0 + Vp + W = = ( MPa) ( ) (14) A-B Qp = 10. 0kg/ s, D N = 32mm, 11-4 (p/ L) ab = ( MPa/ m) La b = = 7. 6 ( m ) B-C Qw pa b = (p/ L) ab La b = = ( MPa) = 30. 1kg/ s, D N = 65mm, 11-4 (p/ L) b c = ( MPa/ m ) Lb c = = ( m ) C-D pb c = (p/ L) b c Lbc = = ( MPa) Qg = 15. 1kg/ s, D N = 50mm, 11-4 (p/ L) bc = ( MPa/ m) Lcd = = ( m) 205
205 pc d = (p/ L) cd Lcd = = ( M Pa) p = pa b + pb c + pcd = = ( M Pa) (15), H = 3. 2m, ph = 10-6 H g = = ( M Pa) (16), pc = pm - ( pph ) = = 0.97 ( MPa, ) (17) pc 0. 5 (, MPa) ; pc pm/ 2 = / 2 = (, M Pa),, IG-541 IG-541,, IG % 40% 5% IG-541, IG-541, 1min 12. 5%, 1 % 4%,, IG-541, IG-541,,, IG- 541, IG-541,, ( % ), IG-541, IG-541,, IG-541,,, IG- 541,,,,, IG-541 ;
206 ; IG-541 A, B,, IG-541 D, ( ) 2. IG U P S IG IG-541 8,, 11-7 a. b., ; 207
207 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 ; 11 ; 12 ; 13 ; 14 ; 15 ; 16 ; 17 ; 18 ; 19 ; L1 ; L2 ; L ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 ; 11 ; 12 ; 13 ; 14 ; 15 ; 16 ; 17 ; 18 ; 19 ; 20 ; 21 ; 22 ; L1 ; L2 ; L3 (, 10 ),,, 1min IG-541,,,, 208
208 2., IG-541, IG-541 N 2 52 % 4 % CO 2 8 % + 1 % % A r 40 % 4 % % ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( N2 ),,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,, IG-541, 1. IG-541 IG (1 ),,,,,, 30 s, IG-541,,, IG IG- 541 IG-541,,, 209
209 / / ( / ) 30 s ( ) 11-8 IG-541 IG-541,,,,, IG-541,,, (2 ),, IG-541 (3 ),, ( IG-541 ), IG IG-541 IG h, h; 1. 2kPa;,,, ;, 30 s, ( LO AEL )
210 ( N OAEL) IG-541 / ( %, V/ V) LO A EL NO A EL IG ,, 2/ 3, ( ) Af, m 2 ; Af = QIG-541, P, Q P 0.5 Q = 2. 7 M0 t m 3 / min; ( 11-11) Pa,, kpa, 2. 40kPa, 4. 80kPa ; M0, m 3 ; t, 2. min (1 ),,,,, 24 WDC, (2 ) IG-541,,, IG-541 IG-541, ( ) IG % %,, IG-541 ( V/ V )/ % I G-541 ( V/ V )/ %
211 ( ) (1 ) ( ) M, m 3 ; c ; V, m 3 ; V s 20, m 3 / kg; M = V s S ln 100 V (11-12) c SIG-541, m 3 / kgs = T, T, (2 ), 11-14,, IG-541,, IG t/ / ( m 3 / kg ) / % IG-541 / ( m 3 / m 3 ) ( ) IG-541, IG-541,, IG
212 1.,, 95 % % / % 95 % / s / % 95 % / s kPa 4. 5m, 4. 5m 66% 20% 70% 30% 70%, IG % 5%, 2., ( ) Q = W/ t (11-13) Q, m 3 / s; W, m 3 ; t, s, ( ) Qi = Q/ N (11-14) N 2. 24M Pa 4. 5MPa, ( ), Np = W/ Vp (11-15) Np, ; W, m 3 ; Vp IG-541, m 3 213
213 3., IG-541,, IG m/ s, ( ) D, mm; QV, m 3 / s ; V, m/ s, Qv D = ( QV/ V) 0. 5 (11-16) ), V = 15m/ s,, D, 11-16, (1atm, 20) IG-541 ( : GB/ T D N/ mm / mm Q V / ( m 3 / s ) Q V / ( m 3 / s ) IG-541,, Re= 10 d/ ; Re= 1000 d/ d,,, IG-541 GB ,, , = ReReRe, Re> Re > Re, (1954) = lg Re d 2 ( 11-17) 214
214 , IG-541 / mm / mm d/ Re = v d/ V Re d/ : Re, v 15 m/ s, V m 2 / s 5. p = LQ V 0 d 5 P0 ( 11-18) p, MPa ; QV 0, m 3 / s ; ; L, m; d, mm; P0, MPa 6. IG-541 A, 11-9, A = /
215 11-18 / mm 2 / mm 2 1 ZT DQ ZT DQ ZT DQ ZT DQ ZT DQ ZT DQ ZT DQ ZT DQ ZT DQ ZT DQ ZT DQ ZT DQ ZT DQ ZT DQ ZT DQ ZT DQ ZT DQ ZT DQ ZT DQ ZT DQ ZT DQ ZT DQ ZT DQ ZT DQ ZT DQ ZT DQ ZT DQ ZT DQ ZT DQ ZT DQ ( ) IG-541, IG-541
216 1.,,,,,, ( ),, : ( ) ; ; ; 2. V = = 85. 8m 3 V = = m 3 V = = m 3 V = = 85. 8m 3 :, 3%, 3. AC 37. 5% B % 20, IG-541, s 5. W = V = = m 3, 70L, 4 W = V = = 48. 8m 3, 70L, 5 W = V = = 48. 8m 3, 70 L, 5 W = V = = m 3, 70L, 4, 48. 8m 3, 70L, 5 ( 70L 10. 3m 3 ) D N32 D N32 D N40 D N32 7. ZTDQ15ZTDQ25, 2030m 3,, N = W/ ( 2030 ) = 2 ZTDQ20 N = W/ ( 2030 ) = 2 ZTDQ20 N = W/ ( 2030) = 2 ZTDQ20 2 ZTDQ15, 1 ZTDQ15 217
217 N = W/ ( 2030 ) = 2 ZTDQ20 8., (1 ) d L Q V 0 a. 01 D N12, 12mm, 1 ; 0. 8m, 4. 4m, 5. 2m; QV m 3 / s b. 12 D N40, 40 mm, 1 ; 3m, 5. 6m, 8. 6m; QV m 3 / s c. 23 D N32, 32mm,,, 1 ; 0. 1m,, ; 3. 9m, 4. 0m; QV m 3 / s d. 34 D N32, 32mm, 1 ; 11. 5m, 11. 3m, 22. 8m; QV m 3 / s e. 45 D N20, 20mm, 2 ; 2. 1m, 1. 5m, 3. 6m; QV m 3 / s (2 ), a. 01 p = LQV 0/ ( d 5 p0 ) = / ( ) = M Pa b. 12 p = LQV0/ ( d 5 p01) 218
218 = / ( ( ) = M Pa c. 23,, p = 59M Pa p = 8M Pa p = L QV 0/ ( d 5 p12) = / ( ( ) = M Pa, P3 4 = = M Pa d. 34 p = L QV 0/ ( d 5 p23) = / ( ) = M Pa e. 45 p = L QV 0/ ( d 5 p34) = / ( ( ) = M Pa p4 5 = = 3. 05MPa > 2. 24M Pa L/ ( scm 2 ), A = 687/ 600 = 1. 1cm 2 = 110mm ZTDQ20-2 (3 ), K = p2 3 / p23= / ( ) = = / ( / 20) 0. 5 = 32/ ( 106/ 20 ) 0. 5 = 14mm 30% 70% 219
219 CH F3, H FC-23,, 2. 4,,, ODP,, ( H FC-23 ),, ODP,, ( H FC-23 ) IG-541,, 10 s,,,,,, 1., ( ),,,,,,, 8 8, ,,,, H FC
220 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ( ) ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 ; 11 ; 12 ; 13 ; 14 ; 15 ; 16 ; 17 ; 18 ; 19 ; 20 ; 21 ; 22 ; HFC % % 3 mg/ kg 10 mg/ kg,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,, 6. 0MPa,,,,,,,,,,,, 5 %,, 1. H FC
221 H FC ( ) ( ) ( ) 2. (1 ) HFC-23 ;,, 500m 2, 2000m 3 ( ), 200m 2, 600m 3 (2 ) (3 ) 0. 5h; 0. 25h (4 ), 1. 2kPa (5 ),,,, (6 ), 2/ 3, ( ) Fx, m 2 ; Fx = Q p f Q, kg/ s ; W, kg; t, s; pf, Pa Q = W t (11-19),, 222 (7 ), ( ) 1.,,
222 , ;, 1. 3, 1. 1, 11-21, 11-22, ( HFC-23 ) / % / % A ( HFC-23 ) / % ,,, 19. 5%, 15. 6%, 15. 6% 2., 10min, 1min ( ) ( ) W = K c c V S (11-20) W(), K, ; kg; c(), % ; V, m 3 ; S 101kPa, m 3 / kg, S = T, T, / m / m , ( ), 223
223 ; 8% ( ) 1., MPa ( 20), 860kg/ m 3, 80% a., b., 1, 10 %, 10 s, 0. 75M Pa,, -( ) P H FC-23 2.,,,, 224
224 SDE SDE,,,, CO2 35% N2 25% 39%, 1% 2% SDE,, ;,, ;,, SDE SDE, GWP = SDE SDE, ABC A, B, C,, 1. SDE SDE / L / kg / m 3 / / M Pa / V / mm SD EW SD EW D H SDE SDE 1. 6MPa : : : AC220V, DC24V / A 225
225 / L / kg / m 3 / / M Pa / V GDG-40X/ GDG-38/ GDG-30/ GDG-20/ GDG-10/ / mm / A 2. (1 ) ( ), (2 ), NO / mm / mm 2 / mm V O
226 1. SDE SDE SDE 2. 1., SDE, 3%,,, 2/ 3, ( Ax ), (11-21) Ax = Q x (11-21) Ax, m 2 ; Qx SDE, kg/ s; pf, Pa,, SDE 0. 5 h, h, 1200Pa,, pf
227 500m 2, 2000m 3,,, ( ) SDE, SDE, 1. 3, SDE / ( kg/ m 3 ) K r K a C / % / ( g/ m 3 ) / % ( V ) , 1, 0. 03, 1, Kr 0. 01,, ;,,,, SDE 10%, SDE 228
228 9%, SDE 8% 10% ( ) 1. (1 ) SDE (2 ) SDE (11-22) MSDE, M = mvk1 k2 ( 11-22) kg; m, kg/ m 3, 0. 1 ; V, m 3 ; k1, V > 100m 3, k1 = 1. 2, V100m 3 k1 = 1 ; k2, ( ) k2 k2 = 1. 5 (3 ) = 1,, SDE, 3%, 3%, 1%, 15%, 2. (1 ) Ka ( ) Ka = A 0 A0, m 2 ; Av ( ), m 2 (2 ) V (11-24 ) Vf, m 3 ; Vg, (3 ) M (11-25) M, kg; m, Kr, 11-27; Ka, 11-27; V, m 3 Av 2 (11-23) V = Vf - V g (11-24) m 3 M = m Kr Ka V (11-25) kg/ m 3, 11-27; (4 ) SDE, (5 ) SDE 5,, (6 ) SDE A, 20min B C, 2min (7 ) SDE, 229
229 (8 ) SDE SDE SDE 150kg SDE kg, 6,, ( ) 1., 20 SDE, 15s 150mm, 30kg/ min (10% ), a. 1. 6MPa b. 1. 6M Pa c. 0. 1M Pa 2. (1 ) SDE (11-26), d SDE / ( Pa/ m) :, ( d), Z = 1. 25, = : d mm, m/ s, = 0. 44, = , 230 Pa;, = ; L, m; P = L d 2 Z (11-26) 2
230 d, m; SDE, k g/ m 3, kg/ m 3 ; SDE, m/ s; Z, ;, 1. 15, 1. 3 (2 ) SDE (11-27), SDE, m/ s; SDE, p = 2 Z (11-27) SDE / ( Pa/ m) / ( m/ s) N / V 16/ O : N 0 Q1 ( ) S 1 / S Q2 ( ) ( ) N 0 / mm S 1 ( ) / mm 2 S 2 ( ) S 1 / S / V / O
231 (3 ) ( ) Q = M T p (11-28) Q, MSDE, kg; Tp, 68min kg/ min; SDE d ( m ) ( ) d = 4 Q V L V L, m/ s, V L 25m/ s; Q, m 3 / s, 0. 75m 3 / kg (11-29), D N % D N50, / mm 90 / m / m / m 90 / m / m / m ( ) Q, m 3 / s; Ng, ; Q1, kg/ min L/ s ( ) N g Q = Q1 (11-30) i = 1 Q1 = Q N g (11-31) Q1, kg/ min L/ s,, , ( 13 )O V, 70% 100%, SDE
232 , V ;, ( 13 ) ; O, SDE 23, 60 m 3,, 6m,, ( ) Np = M M0 (11-32) Np () ; M, kg; M0, kg ( ) SDE 11-18, M = 150kg, Tp = 7min, Q = M T p = = ( kg/ min ) = = ( m 3 / s) 2. (1 ) OA V L = 15m/ s, d = 4 Q V = = ( m) = ( mm) L 15 d = 150 ( mm) 233
233 (2 ) AB V L = 20 ( m/ s ), d = d = 100mm 4Q = = ( m) = ( mm) VL 220 (3 ) BC, d = 50mm, 70%, d = 80mm 3. OA p1 L = ( ) + ( ) = 53 ( m) = L Z= d AB L = = ( m ) p2 = L d BC L = 2 m p Z= = 4 Q = = ( m/ s) D = = = L Z= = d p4 = 4 Q D 2 = = ( m/ s) = Z= = pc = p0 - (p1 + p2 + p3 + p4 ) ( Pa) = ( ) 10-6 = 1. 5( M Pa) > 0. 1( M Pa) ( Pa) ( Pa) ( Pa) 234
234 ,,,,,,,,,,,, 1.,,,,, 2.,,,,,, ,,,, 3.,,,,,,,,, 4., ; ; ; ; 1., 235
235 ,,,, 2., ;,,, 50m,, 0. 8MPa 80m, ( ),,,,,,,,, 500m 2,,,,, 50m 2, 10,, 300m 2, 3 h 2h,,,,,, 6m a., 6m, 12-1, 5m,,, b.,,,, 236
236 ,, ; 2 ; 3 ; ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6,, / m / ( L/ s ) / m ( ) ,, a.,, 1h, 2h,, b., 40m a. b., 0. 5L/ ( sm),, a., 3km, 1. 5 km b.,, 237
237 c.,, d., 10min, 30m 3 e.,,, 1. 2m, a. b., 3h 2h, c.,, 1500 m 2 d., e.,,, 2m, ( ),,,,,,,,,, 1.,,,, 238
238 2.,, / / ( L/ s ) / ( L/ s) ( ) < 1500m m m 3 1 > 2500m m 3 1 > 3000m m m m ; 200m 2 ;,,, 2. 0m, 0. 5m;, 500m 2,, ; 10L/ s, 239
239 3000 m 2 1h ; 3000m 2 2 h, 1h ; 1h,,, 48h, 1. (1 ) (2 ), 2. 10,,,,, 5,,,,,, 1. 0MPa,,,,, 3., 10m 0. 8M Pa, 0. 8M Pa, ; 0. 5MPa,, 90 ; 1. 1m;, 25m,, 30m;, 50m,, L/ s, 40m
240 ,,, 1015L/ s, 5m, 2m,, 60 ( ), () 10m,, 30 kg/ m 2, 2h,,,,,,, 1,, 75mm, 241
241 ,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,, ; ,,,,,, 90 % ; 20 80,, ; 20 80,, ; 20 90,,,,,, 1% ( ),,,,, ;,,,, ( ),,, ;,,, 242
242 ,, 0256,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) ( ), ( ),,,,, ;,, ;,,, ;,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 243
243 13-1,,,,,,, ; ( ),,, ( ), CR T,,,,,,, ( 2040s ),,,, CR T 13-1,, ( ), ( ),,,, ,,
244 2. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 3.,,,, 4., ( ) 1.,,,, 2., (1 ),,,,,, ;, ; (2 ) ( ),,,, ( ), ( ), ( ),, ;, ;,, ;, ; 245
245 , (3 ),,, ( < 400nm) (> 700nm), ( m/ s ), (ms ) ( ),,, (4 ), ( CO)( CO2 )( H2 ) ( Cx H x ) ( H2 O),, ( ),, ( ), ( ), (5 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 246 ( ) 1.
246 13-2 ( )() 13-2, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,, ,,,,, ( ),,, e -,,,,, 247
247 ,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2.,, (1 ),,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (2 ), 13-5,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,, 248,
248 ( ) 13-5, 1., (1 ),, ; 2 ; 3, 6 ; 4 ; ( a),, 13-6 (a),, 13-6 ( b),,,,, ( ),,,,,,,, 249
249 13-6 (c)( d),,,, ( ), ( ),,,,, ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ( 2) 13-7,,,,,,,,,, 2.,, 13-8, Rt1 Rt2, Rt1 Rt2,, Rt1 Rt2, Ua > Ub, Uc,, 13-9,, 3/ min,,,,,,,,, ,,, Rt3, U a > U b, C, Uc > 0, VT2, K1 250
250 , HB,, Rt1 Rt2, Ua > Ub, C, Uc > 0, VT2, K1, HB,, ( ), ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10,,,,,,,,,,,,, 530 Hz,,,, 251
251 ,,,,,,,,,, ( ), 0. 76m m,,,,,, Cerberu s, A CO m, B 5. 16m, m,, ( ),,,, 20% 25% 1.,,,, ( ),, ;,, ;,, 2.,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,, ;, 252
252 13-12 U1, U2, R3,,,, U2,, ( AB ), U2,,, U2, RP 13-12,, (1 ),, (2 ) ( ),,, (3 ),,, ( ), 3. (1 ), : 040, 92 % ( 40 2) (2 ) 4. (1 ),,,, ( ) (2 ), (3 ),, 253
253 5. (1 ), (2 ),,,,,, ;,,, 100s : a. ( ) ; b., ; c. ; d. ; e. ; f. ; g. 7, (, ), ;,,, 1min,,,, 30 s,, P M M 2 P M M 3 O M M 4 P O M 5 P O M 6 P M M 7 P M M 8 P M M 9 P O M : P ; O ; M ; ; 254
254 ,,,,, ;, ;,, 4h a. 10 ( ), ; b. 10, 20% ( 10, 30 ) 1, 10 s,,, 1min 12,, 13, 14,,, ( ),,
255 ,,,,,,,,, ( ) 1. AC 220V10%, ( 501 ) H z; DC 24V, 2.,,,,,, ( ),, 3.,,, 4. ( ), 5.,,, 6.,,,,, 7.,,,,,, ( ) 256
256 ,, : ; ; ; 1.,,,,, 2.,,,,,,,, 3.,,, ;,,,,,, 4., 24,,, ( ),, RS232RS424,, ( ) (1 ) 60, 60, 6060 = 3600,
257 (2 ) (3 ) (4 ),, (5 ),, (6 ),,,,,,,,,, (GB ),,,,,,,,,, ( ) (1 ), h/ m < h20 8 < h12 6 < h8 4 < h6 h4 258 (2 ),
258 ( 13-1) N S K A N, ; S, m 2 ; A, m 2 ; K, ; ; (3 ) 0. 5m, 3, 0. 5m,,,, 1. 5m,,,, 40cm,, 1m,,, 200mm,, mm,, 600mm,,,,, 5 %,, ( ),,,,,,,,, 0. 5m ( ) ( ),, ( ), 13-3, 45,, ( ),,, ( ) d/ mm h/ m ( ) < 30 > 30 h < h < h < h : a., 3m, 259
259 15m, 10m, 1 ; b., ; c., 34 1,, 1, ; d.,, ; e.,,,,,, ( ) ; 1,, ;, 2 3 ; 4 5,, ;, 6 5 m/ s 7 95 % , ,,, ,
260 : ; 25 :, X , : 1. :,, ;, ;,, ; 2., ; 3.,,, ( ), ; 4.,, ; 5. : ; ; ( ) 261
261 ( ) m, 20m 14m 7m 0. 5m100m, ;,, 0. 1m 5m, m ( ),, 1.,,,,, ;,,, 62, 70, (1 ), 80 m 2,,,, ;,,,, (2 ) ( ),,, (3 ), 13-5,, ( 13-2) A = 14 L 262
262 A, m 2 ; L, 3100m (GB ), 13-5 A R S h / m 2 / m 15 15< 30 > 30 A/ m 2 R/ m A/ m 2 R/ m A/ m 2 R/ m S80 S > 80 S30 S > 30 h < h h h h ( ),,,,, ( ),,,,,,,, 15% 20%, ( ) 1.,, ; ;,,,,, 2.,,,, 263
263 ,,,, m, 0. 5m1. 2m 3.,,,,,,, ( ), a., 1. 5m; 2m b., 3m c. 1 m d. 4m, 1m e m, 0. 5m, 1. 2m 4.,,, ;,, m, 0. 5m, 1. 2 m 5.,, ( GB ),,,,,, 30mm,,,,,,,, 264
264 ,,,, 6. ( GB ),, a., 3W, 25 m12. 5m b. 60dB, 15dB c., 1. 0 W, a. b., c., d.,, ,,, ( POS ),, a. : ; ; b., m c. 20m d. 8.,,,, 265
265 ,, ( GB ), a., 4 b., 1,, 25mm 2, 4mm 2,, ( P E ),,,,, (GB ), 266,,
266 a., 1. 5m; 2m b., 3m c. 1 m d. 4m, 1m e., m, 0. 5m, 1. 2 m ( ),,,, : a., ; b., ; c., ; d., a., b.,, c. ; ;, m 20m,, ( ) 267
267 ( ) ( ),,,,, ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ), ( ),,, ( ) 1. 8m;,,, ( ),,,,,,,,, 24V 268
268 / ( kg/ m ) / ( kg/ m 3 ) 2. 50M Pa MPa / M Pa( )
269 / ( kg/ m 3 ) / ( kg/ m 3 ) 2. 50M Pa MPa / M Pa( )
270 2 Y Z (1 ) 4. 2MPa, kg/ m 3 Y Z p/ ( M Pa) Y/ ( M Pakg/ m 3 ) Z ( 2) 4. 2M Pa, kg/ m 3 Y Z p/ ( M Pa) Y/ ( M Pakg/ m 3 ) Z 271
271 Y/ ( M Pakg/ m 3 ) p/ ( M Pa) Z (3 ) 4. 2MPa, kg/ m 3 Y Z Y/ ( M Pakg/ m 3 ) p/ ( M Pa) Z
272 (4 ) 4. 2MPa, kg/ m 3 Y Z p/ M Pa Y/ ( M Pakg/ m 3 ) Z (5 ) 2. 5MPa, kg/ m 3 Y Z p/ M Pa Y/ ( M Pakg/ m 3 ) Z (6 ) 2. 5MPa, kg/ m 3 Y Z Y/ ( M Pakg/ m 3 ) p/ M Pa Z
273 p/ M Pa Y/ ( M Pakg/ m 3 ) Z (7 ) 2. 5MPa, kg/ m 3 Y Z p/ M Pa Y/ ( M Pakg/ m 3 ) Z (8 ) 2. 5MPa, kg/ m 3 Y Z p/ M Pa Y/ ( M Pakg/ m 3 ) Z
274 3 (1 )
275 276 ( 2) 1301
Ps22Pdf
1 1 1 5 10 12 13 13 16 19 26 31 33 37 38 38 49 53 60 63 79 81 81 92 112 129 132 135 144 149 150 150 155 158 1 165 178 187 191 193 194 194 207 212 217 218 223 231 233 234 234 239 245 247 251 256 259 261
Ps22Pdf
( ) 158 :,,,,,, : 850 1168 1/ 32 : 12 : 311 1994 1 1 1998 11 2 : 5001 10000 ISBN 7 302 01340 3/ T B 15 : 13 00 ,,, 10 7, 2 80%, : 1 ;, :, :, ;, ;, 30%,,,, 20,,,, ,,,,,,!,,,! 1992 10 1 1 11 15 27 34 34
Ps22Pdf
) ,,, :,,,,,,, ( CIP) /. :, 2001. 9 ISBN 7-5624-2368-7.......... TU311 CIP ( 2001) 061075 ( ) : : : : * : : 174 ( A ) : 400030 : ( 023) 65102378 65105781 : ( 023) 65103686 65105565 : http: / / www. cqup.
(CIP) /. :,2001 ISBN TU CIP (2001) : : 16 : : ( 0531 ) : w w w.lkj.c om.c n : jn-publi c.sd
(CIP) /. :,2001 ISBN 7-5331-3005-7... - -. TU723. 3-44 CIP (2001) 061636 : : 16 :250002 : ( 0531 ) 2065109 : w w w.lkj.c om.c n : sdkj @ jn-publi c.sd.c ninfo.ne t : : 16 :250002 : ( 0531 ) 2020432 : :
Ps22Pdf
(3 ) ,,, ;,, (CIP) /. 3. :, 003. 11 () ISBN 75610994.... TB301 CIP (000) 75084 : : 17, :71007 :09-8493844 : www.nwpup.com : : 787 mm1 09 mm 1/ 16 : 1.5 : 509 : 1997 10 1 003 11 3 5 : 15 000 : 7.00 : (,,,
... -1 IPC...-1 IPC...-2 IPC...-2...-2...-4...-4...-4...-5...-5...-6...-7...-7 IPC...-8...-9...-9...-9...-9...-9...-11...-12...-12...-13...-15...-15...-17...-18...-18...-19...-19 ...-21...-21...-21...-21...-22...-22...-23...-28...-28...-28...-28...-29...-31...-31...-31...-31...-31...-34...-34...-34...-35...-36...-38...-40...-41...-41...-41...-41...-44...-45...-45
Ps22Pdf
( )158 :,,,,,, : 8501168 1/ 32 : 12 : 311 1994 1 1 1998 11 2 :500110000 ISBN 7 302 01340 3/ TB15 : 13 00 ,,, 10 7, 2 80%, : 1 ;, :, :, ;, ;, 30%,,,, 20,,,, ,,,,,,!,,,! 1992 10 1 1 11 15 27 34 34 42 50
:,,,, ( CIP ) /,. :, ISBN CIP ( 2001) : : 127, : : : ht t p: / / www. nwpup. com : :
:,,,, ( CIP ) /,. :, 2001. 8 ISBN 7 5612 1363 8............. 0342 CIP ( 2001) 027392 : : 127, : 710072 : 029-8493844 : ht t p: / / www. nwpup. com : : 787mm1 092mm : 19. 75 : 480 : 2001 8 1 2001 8 1 :
-2 4 - cr 5 - 15 3 5 ph 6.5-8.5 () 450 mg/l 0.3 mg/l 0.1 mg/l 1.0 mg/l 1.0 mg/l () 0.002 mg/l 0.3 mg/l 250 mg/l 250 mg/l 1000 mg/l 1.0 mg/l 0.05 mg/l 0.05 mg/l 0.01 mg/l 0.001 mg/l 0.01 mg/l () 0.05 mg/l
!!!!"#$ " " %& ( " # " " " " " "$%%& " $%% " "!!
! "##$ % % % % % % % % &#!" % % #$%& (%&!! !!!!"#$ " " %& ( " # " " " " " "$%%& " $%% " "!! ! "#!"#$ $ $ $ $ %# %& $ &# ()*$ " & %!! ! " "!! !!!!" "! #$%& "# $()*$(+, $%& ())* $% (+,-.. /-.. 0&* 0%* "!!
,,, ( CI P) /. :, ISBN :.T U56 CI P ( 2004 ) : 122 : / E mail: mail.w hu t.ed
,,, ( CI P) /. :, 2004.8 ISBN 7 5629 2094... :.T U56 CI P ( 2004 )003590 : 122 : 430070 http:/ / www.techbook.com.cn E mail: yangxuezh@ mail.w hu t.edu.cn : : : 7871092 1/ 16 : 19 : 474 : 2004 8 1 : 2004
80 A( Switchgear for Circuit-breakers up to 80 A Load Feeders (Motor protection circuit-breakers) 1 Contactors, Contactor combinations 2 Overload relays 3 Solid-state time relays 4 Contactor relays 5 SIKOSTART
: (),,, (CIP) /. :, 2002.11 21 ISBN 7-5045 - 3715-2... - - - : - - - : -. TU767 CIP (2002)090133 ( 1 : 100029) : * 787 1092 16 23.5 583 2003 2 1 2003
: (),,, (CIP) /. :, 2002.11 21 ISBN 7-5045 - 3715-2... - - - : - - - : -. TU767 CIP (2002)090133 ( 1 : 100029) : * 787 1092 16 23.5 583 2003 2 1 2003 2 1 : : 38.00 : 64929211 : 64911190 : http : / / www.
Ps22Pdf
,, (CIP) /.:, 2006 ISBN 7-5629-2480-5... -. U415.6 CIP (2006) 160794 : ( 122 :430070 ) http: ww w.t ech book.com.cn E-mail: w u tpyyk@163.com : : :7871092 1/ 16 :12.25 :302 :2006 12 1 :2006 12 1 :12000
Ps22Pdf
,, 19,, 1834,,,,, :,,,, , 1862, 1879 20 20,,,,??,,,,,,,,,,,, , ( ),,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,, 9 : (1 ) :,,,, , 91 95% (2 ) : ( ) - - -,, (3 ) : PN,, (4 ) : (5 ) : (6 ) : (7 ) (8 ) (9 ),,, :,,,,,,,, ;,, ,,,,,
五花八门宝典（一）.doc
BBS...5... 11...23...26...31...46...49...54...55...57...59...62... 110... 114... 126... 132... 149 I "108" 1 2 3 4 BBS 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 M ( ) Kg S ( ) A ( ) K (
SIGNUM 3SB3
SGNUM * 6, 8 6, 8 6, 8 8 : : : : ( ) Ø22mm 6, 8 6, 8 6, 8 8 : : : : ( ) 7, 10 7, 9 7, 8 : (2 /3 ) RNS ( SB) : : CES / BKS : ( / ) 10 7, 8 : (2 /3 ) RNS ( 360012K1) : : MR : 7 Ø22mm 16 16 16 16 : : : :
, : ( GB ), ;,,,,, (CIP) /. :, ISBN TH137 CIP (2005) : : 127 : : (029 ) : : :
, : ( GB 786.1 1993 ), ;,,,,, (CIP) /. :, 2005. 8 ISBN 7 5612 1981 4.... TH137 CIP (2005) 089904 : : 127 : 710072 : (029 )88493844 : www.nwpup.com : :787 mm 1 092 mm 1/ 16 : 20.875 : 507 :2005 8 1 2005
(94) 000043 11 38 11 8 2 2 2 3 56 17 19 25 鍀 16 MAUNG AIK YONG
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1 2 4 5 8 12 8 3 24 94 B 0068511 (94) 000043 11 38 11 8 2 2 2 3 56 17 19 25 鍀 16 MAUNG AIK YONG
! "! #!$$%!$$% &!!$$( # ) (
! " "!! " "!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! " #$$% #$$%!!% % & %!$ ( # ) #$$% *!!% ! "! #!$$%!$$% &!!$$( # ) ( " #$ %&!#& ( )*+,* -) " " "./012 )*+ 302 4056 7+1.6 0 3*8(*/.0-96 :*+/26) -+. 80;6
(CIP) : /. :, 2003 ISBN TU767 CIP (2003) (1 : ) : * : : :
() (CIP) : /. :, 2003 ISBN 7-5045 - 3998-8... - - -. TU767 CIP (2003)097691 (1 : 100029 ) : * 787 1092 16 31. 25 678 2004 4 1 2004 4 1 : : 48.00 : 010-64929211 : 010-64911190 : http: / / www. class. com.
54 9 72 1. 9A 83 1. = 1 2. = 4 2. 3. = 2 3. 4. = 2 5. = 4 4. 5. 3 6. 4 7. 3 8. 6 6. = 6 7. = 1 8. = 4 9. (a) (b) 10. 9. a 5 6 ` = 11 10. 9 11. a F + V - E = 5 + 6-9 = 2 ` 55 11. 13. 12. 56 9 5. 6. 14.
,, : ;,,, (CIP) /. :, 005. ISBN TB301 CIP (005) : : 17, : : ( 09 ) : : : 787 mm1 09 mm 1/ 16 : 5.75
,, : ;,,, (CIP) /. :, 005. ISBN 7 561 1901 6.... TB301 CIP (005) 007098 : : 17, : 71007 : ( 09 )8493844 : www.nwpup.com : : 787 mm1 09 mm 1/ 16 : 5.75 : 630 : 005 1 005 1 : 8. 00 ( ) 1,,,,,,, 80100,,,,,,
:;< =;< >!?%(, (-+ *$5(1 *$%* *#%0$#34 65&# *--.20$ $-.#+-317 A$#, 4%, 5* 54! >! B-3 0$5)/3#( * %* $-.# 5( *$#53 B3## *5.#7
! # $# %& () *%& +,+-,.. /&,.. /& 0(%+ 1)&)+,..- 02),3/&1 4%+0) 0 /.. %& () % ()+ (,&5 /& *%&*.60/%&,0, *%&0)7 86)&*) 9# # : : : : : : : : $;;< =%>) 0(%22/&1 ).)?/0/%& &) 4%+30 (,?) @)*%>),! 9A! 4,- B%+
诺贝尔生理学医学奖获奖者
诺 贝 尔 生 理 学 医 学 奖 获 奖 者 1901 年 E.A.V. 贝 林 ( 德 国 人 ) 从 事 有 关 白 喉 血 清 疗 法 的 研 究 1902 年 R. 罗 斯 ( 英 国 人 ) 从 事 有 关 疟 疾 的 研 究 1903 年 N.R. 芬 森 ( 丹 麦 人 ) 发 现 利 用 光 辐 射 治 疗 狼 疮 1904 年 I.P. 巴 甫 洛 夫 ( 俄 国 人 ) 从 事
#$%&% () % ()*% +,-. /01 % + (/) " " " 2- %** -340 $%&% 5!$%&% () % ()*% +,-. /01 % + (/) " " " 2- %** -340 /64 7%,(8(, *--9( ()6 /-,%/,65 :$%&
! " "!! " "!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! " #$$% & ()*+,-.(*/!0%1 23)4-(4 5).67*(*8. #$$%!9 #$$% #!$1#$!1 #9 19 :9 %; :< #$$% = 0!$ ; = : : : = 1 % #!9 #$%&% () % ()*% +,-. /01 % + (/) " " " 2- %**
! * # + + *! # $ # #. 1 #! % &)# * 1 *! * ! % # * # * # + + +!!!! # * % # # + # + * & $ *! * # + * # % #& % &* # & # * %! + * # #!
!!#$! # $ %! ##&&!)*+, -##. -&/01& -#!!!% $! $!#!!!$23.1! 4)5 %#&&& &.1 %!!!! %! &!!!!!!!! /!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! %.&!!! #&!!!!0&&&& #!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! %.& /&&&/.! 0.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! %1& 6 /. 1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! %&
! *!"#$%&'()*+,-./#01 6, 8 6, 8 6, 8 8!"# ( / )!"# ( / )!"# ( / )! ( ) 3SB3!" Ø22mm!"# ( / ) 6, 8 6, 8 6, 8 8!"# ( / )!"# ( / )!"# ( ) 7, 10 7, 9 7, 8
SIRIUS 3SB3 sirius s ! *!"#$%&'()*+,-./#01 6, 8 6, 8 6, 8 8!"# ( / )!"# ( / )!"# ( / )! ( ) 3SB3!" Ø22mm!"# ( / ) 6, 8 6, 8 6, 8 8!"# ( / )!"# ( / )!"# ( ) 7, 10 7, 9 7, 8! (2 /3 ) ( / ) RONIS! ( SB) CES
zt
38 ! "# $%%&!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! " $# $%%&!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! (# $%%&!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ) &# $%%&!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! "( # $%%&!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
1 V = h a + ab + b 3 = 1 = 1 + = + = BAC Quod erat demonstrandum Q E D AB p( EF) p = = AB AB CD q( EF) q p q 1 p q, EF = ED BF G G BG = FG EH a = b + c a - b = c FG = BG = HG = a EF = FG - EG = a - b
Ps22Pdf
,, 19,, 1834,,,,, :,,,, - 1 1862, 1879 20 20,,,,??,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,, ( ),, 2 ,,,,, 9 : (1 ) :,,,,, 9195% (2 ) : ( ) - - -,, 3 : PN,, (4 ) : (5 ): (6 ) : (7 ) (8 ) (9 ),,, :,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,, 20,
中国轮胎商业网宣传运作收费标准
中 国 轮 胎 工 厂 DOT 大 全 序 号 DOT 国 家 工 厂 名 ( 中 文 ) 1 02 中 国 曹 县 贵 德 斯 通 轮 胎 有 限 公 司 2 03 中 国 唐 山 市 灵 峰 轮 胎 有 限 公 司 3 04 中 国 文 登 市 三 峰 轮 胎 有 限 公 司 4 08 中 国 安 徽 安 粮 控 股 股 份 有 限 公 司 5 0D 中 国 贵 州 轮 胎 厂 6 0F 中 国
Specification for structura design of buried prestressed concrete pipeine of water suppy and sewerage engineering CECS 40:
CECS 40:2002 Specification for structura design of buried prestressed concrete pipeine of water suppy and sewerage engineering 2003 Specification for structura design of buried prestressed concrete pipeine
Ps22Pdf
Zhua ngxie Ba nyun C heliang ( ) ( ) : : : ( 100013 10 ) : : : 1 9 9 9 8 2 1 9 9 9 8 2 1 : : 20 00 ISBN 7 114 ; ; ( ),, 1986 6,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : ( ) ( ) ( ),, ( ),,,,,, 1998 9 1 1 1 8 9 10 11 11 17
1 2 / 3 1 A (2-1) (2-2) A4 6 A4 7 A4 8 A4 9 A ( () 4 A4, A4 7 ) 1 (2-1) (2-2) ()
(39mm E-Mail ( )( ), : : 1 1 ( ) 2 2 ( ) 29mm) WSK ( 1 2 / 3 1 A4 2 1 3 (2-1) 2-1 4 (2-2) 2-2 5 A4 6 A4 7 A4 8 A4 9 A4 10 11 ( () 4 A4, 5 6 7 8 A4 7 ) 1 (2-1) (2-2) () 1 2 (2-1) 3 (2-2) 4 5 6 7 (8 ) 9
Ps22Pdf
1 9 9 9 ( ) 063, ;,, ;,, ( CIP) / - :, 1998 10 ISBN 7 113 03130 7 T U 476 CIP ( 1998) 28879 : : : ( 100054, 8 ) : : : : 787 1092 1/ 16 : 15 : 383 : 1999 2 1 1999 2 1 : 1 : ISBN 7 113 03130 7/ T U 588 :
1 1 1.1 1 1.1.1 1 1.1.2 2 1.1.3 3 1.2 3 1.2.1 3 1.2.2 4 1.2.3 5 1.2.4 5 1.2.5 6 1.3 8 1.3.1 8 1.3.2 10 1.3.3 10 1.3.4 11 1.3.5 11 1.4 12 1.4.1 12 1.4.2 15 1.4.3 16 2 18 2.1 18 2.1.1 18 2.1.2 20 2.1.3 24
4 / ( / / 5 / / ( / 6 ( / / 7 1 2 / 3 ( 4 ( 2003 8 ( 2
: / ( 6 (2003 8 : ( 1 ( ( / / (,, ( ( - ( - (39mm 29mm 2 ( 1 2 3-6 3 6-24 6-48 12-24 8-12 WSK / WSK WSK 1 4 / ( / / 5 / / ( / 6 ( / / 7 1 2 / 3 ( 4 ( 2003 8 ( 2 9 5 ( 10 3 11 / (600 4 5 AA 710 AB 720 730
#!$ %" & ( &)*+,((&-,./ )01,+2 ( /., )>2/ 80;2 +&,($ J &( > =.>? =0+ 9, *,0*., 0= )>2/ 2> &02($ J &( > A.;, % 9 > )>* 0= &2 9, )&11.,
#$$%!&$!#$! $!!$!#$!$$!!$ $( )) *#( )!& #+!,+!-+ ##+ " $( )) #) #% #* # % & &% &- )! %$ %,#,& *$! )"./.0." " " " %!$" 0./00 &!( 0" N9 625A>26( ( ( ;4L 25G9L( ( (!!!)" /000.!% #$" 0.0// &#(." 9E94 D: #!(
00 sirius 3R SIRIUS 3R 3RV1 0A 1 3RT1 3RH1 3 3RU11/3RB SIRIUS SIRIUS TC= / 3RV1 A 1 IEC6097- IP0 ( IP00) 1/3 IEC6097- (VDE0660) DIN VDE 06 0 AC690V, I cu 00V 1) P A n I n I cu A kw A A ka S00 0.16 0.0
é SI 12g C = 6 12 = 1 H2( g) + O2( g) H2O( l) + 286kJ ( 1) 2 1 1 H 2( g) + O2( g) H2O( l) H = 286kJ mol ( 2) 2 1 N 2 ( g) + O2( g) NO 2 ( g) 34kJ 2 1 1 N 2 ( g) + O2( g) NO 2 ( g) H = + 34kJ mol 2 1 N
(CIP) ().: ISBN O4-44 CIP (2004)
( ) (CIP) ().:. 2004.11 ISBN 7-04 - 015565-6... - -.O4-44 CIP (2004)092157 010-64054588 4 800-810 - 0598 100011 http:www.hep.edu.cn 010-58581000 http:www.hep.com.cn 8501168 1 32 1 8.625 220 000 12.00,.
(CIP) : / :,, :,2000.5 ISBN 7-04 - 008822-3 - - N - 42 CIP (2000)60397 55 100009 010-64054588 010-64014048 / 8501168 1/ 32 7.875
( ) (CIP) : / :,, :,2000.5 ISBN 7-04 - 008822-3 - - N - 42 CIP (2000)60397 55 100009 010-64054588 010-64014048 http:/ / www.hep.edu.cn 8501168 1/ 32 7.875 190 000 8.40, ( ) 1 16 16 16 18 21 22 24 24 24
; <F SA!"#$!%" & ()"*# +,$$* *&-!%" +)*.")) / 0$ $1//"!#0(*))1 ),(*!"- 2%0)" 0&!13" 44 $3"#/0,."&"$0$!%"#" 0$ &, & 5 ()"*# #,!*!0,&!%" -03),$,/" #"/*0
!""# $%&!(! )*+,!"-./ 0+, )"1" 2 3 455/ "!01, 0(0+ 677879:;?>8 BC%> 7D 5%>&E:79>F>?:? :F G@> /:8>.
UDC
E 145:2002 pecification for structural design of buride rectangular Pipeline of wter supply and ewerage engineering 2003 1 pecification for structural design of buride rectangular Pipeline of wter supply
( ),,,, ( ), (CIP) ( ) /,. :, 2005.2 ISBN 7 5612 1900 8.... TH122 CIP (2005) 005859 : : 127 :710072 : 029 88493844, 88491757 : : : 850 m
( ) ( ),,,, ( ), (CIP) ( ) /,. :, 2005.2 ISBN 7 5612 1900 8.... TH122 CIP (2005) 005859 : : 127 :710072 : 029 88493844, 88491757 : www.nwpup.com : : 850 mm1168 mm 1/ 32 : 13.25 : 460 : 2005 4 1 2005 4
( g/ cm 3 kg/ m 3 ) ; m ; V0, (cm 3 m 3 ), ;,,,,,,, ( ), ( ) ( ) : 0 = m V 0 ( 1.3) 0 ( kg/ m 3 ) ; m ( k g) ; V0( m 3 ),, ( k
1,,, ( ),, ;, ;,,, 1.1 1.1.1 1.1.1.1 ( ),, : = m V (1.1 ) ( g/ cm 3 ) ; m ( g) ; V () (cm 3 ),,,,,,, 1.1.1.2,, : 0 = m V0 (1.2 ) 1.1 7 0 ( g/ cm 3 kg/ m 3 ) ; m ; V0, (cm 3 m 3 ), ;,,,,,,, 1.1.1.3 ( ),
Microsoft Word - 戴尔乐专用汽车、新能源汽车及底盘项目报批稿发送打印
国 环 评 证 乙 字 第 1959 号 厦 门 市 戴 尔 乐 新 能 源 汽 车 有 限 公 司 戴 尔 乐 专 用 汽 车 新 能 源 汽 车 及 底 盘 项 目 环 境 影 响 报 告 书 ( 报 批 稿 ) 建 设 单 位 : 厦 门 市 戴 尔 乐 新 能 源 汽 车 有 限 公 司 编 制 单 位 : 江 苏 久 力 环 境 工 程 有 限 公 司 编 制 时 间 : 二 0 一 六
!# $#!#!%%& $# &% %!# (# )#! "
! " "!! " "!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! " #$$%! # & % ( #$$%! #$$% ) #$$% # #!!# %!!!! ( ) #!!& # &#$$%!* #$$ $+ %%$+ ( # # # # #!+ !# $#!#!%%& $# &% %!# (# )#! " ! " " S1.+(/8.-1.,3(413 516*+/,
标题
,, 10,,,, (CIP) /. :,2014. 1 ISBN 978-7-5624-7897-3 Ⅰ. 1 Ⅱ. 1 Ⅲ. 1 2 Ⅳ. 1TU986. 3 CIP (2013) 301057 : : : : : : 21 :401331 :(023) 88617190 88617185( ) :(023) 88617186 88617166 :http: / / www. cqup. com.
TEL & FAX
2606 338 430072 TEL & FAX 027-87873445 E-mail whlsb@hbepb.gov.cn / A26060091000 A26060043 A26060056 A26060010500 * 1...1 1.1...1 1.2...2 1.3...2 1.4...4 1.5...6 1.6...7 1.7...7 1.8...7 2...9 2.1...9 2.2...9
1-1 + 1 + + 2 + + 3 + 4 5 + 6 + 7 8 + 9 + 1-2 1 20000 20000 20000 20000 2 10000 30000 10000 30000 3 5000 5000 30000 4 10000 20000 10000 20000 5 3000 3000 20000 6 3000 3000 20000 7 5000 15000 8 5000 15000
97 04 25 0970002232 97 12 31 1-7 1 2 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 2 24 A1. 0 1 ( 6 ) 2 ( 6 ) 3 4 A1a.? 5 6 0 1 A1b.? 0 1 2 A2. 0 1 A2b. A2c. A2a. A2d. 1 A3. 1 A4 2 0 A4 A3a.?? 0 A4 1 A3b. 0 A4 1 A3c.?? 1
試料分解と目的元素精製法_2010日本分析化学会
H2007T(10:3011:00) ICPAES,ICPMS 22416 http://www.caa.go.jp/safety/pdf/100419kouhyou_1.pdf http://www.caa.go.jp/safety/pdf/100419kouhyou_1.pdf 2010-07-28 Cd0.4 ppm232 * CODEX STAN 193-1995, Rev.3-2007 Web
R R R
1 1 3 4 9 9 17 27 28 35 42 42 51 59 62 66 66 67 71 78 85 86 99 99 115 125 126 131 131 143 151 167 167 175 180 187 194 197 205 205 214 223 233 237 240 245 253 265 270 270 271 279 282 283 286 286 289 299
) 1 : (1) ZR4-6 (2) 1 000ml 6 6 1 000mL :,, (3) : Al2 ( SO4 ) 3103050607080mg/ L (4) ZR4-6 ( ),, (5),, 2 (6) 500r/ min 30s, 150r/ min 5 min, 80r/ min
(1), (2),,,,, :,, ; ;, : 4 1000mL, 2 ; 1000mL, 100mL, 10mL, 2mL,,,,, ph, : Al2 ( SO4 )3 ; FeCl3 6 ; 2 ; 2 ; 1 ; 1 ; 1 ; 1 ; 1 ; 1 ) 1 : (1) ZR4-6 (2) 1 000ml 6 6 1 000mL :,, (3) : Al2 ( SO4 ) 3103050607080mg/
tbjx0164ZW.PDF
F = k Q Q r F = k Q = k Q r r Q Q = Fr k = C 0 5 C 9 0 5 Q 0 3 n = = 9 = 65. 0 e 6. 0 4 3 A B 7 7 9 6 C D 7 7 F = k q 7q = k 7q r r q + 7q = 4q F = k 4q 4q = k 6q r r F = 6 F 7 7q q = 3q s c = t s c =
福 建 省 建 设 项 目 环 境 影 响 报 告 表 ( 适 用 于 生 态 型 建 设 项 目 ) 项 目 名 称 宁 宝 公 园 配 套 工 程 建 设 单 位 厦 门 市 集 美 区 建 设 局 ( 盖 章 ) 法 人 代 表 邹 荣 生 ( 盖 章 或 签 字 ) 联 系 人 邓 工 联 系 电 话 0592-6106390 邮 政 编 码 361021 环 保 部 门 填 写 收 到 报
<4D6963726F736F667420576F7264202D205FC9F3C5FABED65FCCECBDF2CAD0CEE4C7E5C7F8D0C2CAC0BCCDC4C1D2B5D3D0CFDEB9ABCBBEB4F3D0CDD5D3C6F8B9A4B3CCBBB7C6C0B1A8B8E6B1ED2D2DC5A9D2B5B2BFBBB7B1A3CBF92E646F63>
建 设 项 目 环 境 影 响 报 告 表 项 目 名 称 : 天 津 市 武 清 区 新 世 纪 牧 业 有 限 公 司 大 型 沼 气 工 程 建 设 单 位 ( 盖 章 ): 天 津 市 武 清 区 新 世 纪 牧 业 有 限 公 司 编 制 日 期 :2015 年 7 月 国 家 环 境 保 护 总 局 制 建 设 项 目 基 本 情 况 表 项 目 名 称 建 设 单 位 天 津 市 武
第一章 绪论
1-1 1-1 1-5 0.05 1-6 1 60mm 1.5W/(m K) 5-5 m C 1-7 1cm, 0 m 1.04W/(m K) C C 50 50 4.09 10 kj/kg C 1-9 =69 C f =0 w C =14mm d 80mm 8.5W 1-11 10mm 0 C 85 C ( ) 175 W m K 1mm 1-14 T0 0K T = w 50K ε = 0. 7
九下新学期寄语.indd
义 务 教 育 教 科 书 数 学 九 年 级 下 册 QINGDAOCHUBANSHE 亲 爱 的 同 学 : 时 间 过 得 真 快! 转 眼 之 间, 已 经 进 入 九 年 级 下 学 期 在 九 年 义 务 教 育 阶 段 的 最 后 一 学 期, 你 打 算 怎 样 学 习 数 学? 函 数 是 你 的 老 朋 友, 早 在 七 年 级, 就 结 识 了 函 数, 在 八 ( 下 ) 又
※※※※※
...1-9 ()...10-11 01 094-910201A...12-16 02 094-910202A...17-21 03 094-910203A...22-26 04 094-910204A...27-31 B 6-2 01 094-910201B...32-36 02 094-910202B...37-41 03 094-910203B...42-46 C 6-3 01 094-910201C...47-51
SYC97.S72
第 七 章 方 便 与 休 闲 食 品 生 产 工 艺 关 于 方 便 食 品 的 概 念, 广 义 而 言, 凡 是 取 之 可 食 或 稍 作 处 理 即 可 食 用 的 食 品, 均 在 此 列 但 从 现 代 方 便 食 品 的 角 度 来 看, 方 便 食 品 主 要 是 指 以 粮 食 为 原 料 以 营 养 生 理 学 为 依 据 以 现 代 科 技 和 包 装 技 术 为 基 础 制
KV-HS38/HS34/HS29M90
4-090-175-13 (1) Trinitron KV-HS38 KV-HS34 KV-HS29 2002 Sony Corporation M90 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 11 16 19 20 21 24 26 27 29 32 42 45 48 50 51 52 59 62 63 5 6 7 t 8 VIDEO IN VIDEO OUT AUDIO VIDEO R L (MONO)
Ps22Pdf
A B C DA B C D 1 12 s cm 13 m m m m cm cm m m m W mm cm mm m m mmmm V A V V V V V A V K K K P b KP K K K P b K P K K K K P R KK K K K K P b K P K B h h B n t n n t t tnn cm AB A B A B B B B C
1,, 90%,,,,, (, ),,, 1. 2. 3. 1., 90%, 40%, 2 ( ) 2.5% ph, (3) : 2. (3 ) 99%, (40 5 ), ph( 1% ) 6.0 7.5, : 3.,,, 1 088 ;,,,1% ph 12.5, 72.2 ph : 4.,,, 300,,, : 5.,,, ph 6.5 8.5,, ( ) 3, : 6.,,,,, : 7.
Ps22Pdf
( ) 1997, 32 (CIP) : /,, 20006 ISBN 7-5021 - 2822-0 - : - - TE1-53 CI P (1999) 51821 (100011 ) 787 1092 16 2425 621 11000 2000 6 1 2000 6 1 ISBN 7-5021 - 2822-0/ T E2207 : 4800 ( 1) 10 (46) (56) (68) (86)
15 / 4... 70 4.1... 70 4.2... 72 4.3... 75 5... 76 5.1... 76 5.2... 93 5.3... 98 5.4...100 5.5... 112 5.6... 112 6... 115 6.1... 115 6.2...120 6.3...1
15 /... i 1... 1 1.1... 1 1.2... 2 1.3... 3 1.4... 4 1.5... 4 1.6... 7 2... 8 2.1... 8 2.2... 13 2.3... 13 2.4... 25 2.5... 29 2.6... 29 2.7... 31 3... 35 3.1... 35 3.2... 38 3.3... 39 3.4... 40 3.5...
9,, (CIP) /. :, ISBN T U767 CI P ( 2004 ) : 122 : / mail.whut.edu.c
9,, (CIP) /. :, 2005.2 ISBN 7 5629 2097 4....T U767 CI P ( 2004 )003594 : 122 : 430070 http:/ / www.techbook.com.cn E-mail: yangxuezh@ mail.whut.edu.cn : : : 7871092 1/ 16 : 17 : 421 : 2005 2 1 : 2006
Ps22Pdf
1 1 1.?? 1 2.?? 1 3.? 1 4.? 1 5.? 1 6.? 2 7.? 2 8.? 2 9.? 2 10.? 3 11.? 3 12.? 3 13.? 3 14.? 4 15.? 4 16.? 4 1 17.? 4 18.,? 4 19.? 4 20.? 5 21.? 5 22.? 5 23.? 6 24.,? 6 25.,? 6 26. ( ),? 6 27.,? 6 28.?
:51 P"QR$ S TUVW" XY%! " () H P ZS[\I]^_ `agh" bc HQR ] P"S () b c! = "
![:51 PQR$ S TUVW XY%! () H P ZS[\I]^_ `agh bc HQR ] PS () b c! =](/thumbs/101/149254072.jpg ":51 PQR$ S TUVW XY%! () H P ZS[\I]^_ `agh bc HQR ] PS () b c! =")
2013-12-03 09:51 http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.5370.d.20131203.0951.010.htm! P"QR$ S TUVW" XY%! " () H P ZS[\I]^_ `agh" bc HQR ] P"S () b c! = " # $ H Q R HQR=$ " Q R Z / Z " B Q R = $ 6 9HXY QR N%
Ps22Pdf
Q CIP / / / 2880 Q Q Q Q Q QQ Q Q Q Q Q ec A c c A c c c Q a A A A c e A c a c c ea c c a A c c c a A c c c a A / A c c c c f a c c f a c c f a c f e A c f c f / c A c c a c c A e A c c e A c c ea c c
SMART INVERTER, SMART CHOICE www.siemens.com.cn/v20 0.12 kw ~ 15 kw USS MODBUS RTU 7.5 kw ~ 15 kw PCB V/fV 2 /f 0.12 kw ~ 15 kw 1AC 200 V... 240 V ( -10 % / +10 % ) 3AC 380 V... 480 V ( -15 % / +10 % )
(C I P) /. :,2004 ( ) ISBN TU CIP (2003) : : 16 : : ( 0531 ) : w w w. lkj. com. c n : s jn- public
(C I P) /. :,2004 ( ) ISBN 7-5331 - 3598-9.... TU754-62 CIP (2003) 093370 : : 16 :250002 : ( 0531 ) 2065109 : w w w. lkj. com. c n : s dkj@ jn- public. sd. cninfo. ne t : : 16 :250002 : ( 0531 ) 2020432
zt
" # $ % & ( ) " * " ) " % & + ( &, -. % & ( & # $ ( + - " " #$ %%&&& " ()( * %&+# %, %- % #&&# + % #&&# + %./01 ( 2 )&--+ 2 ) 2 -, 3#$4 "#$%& (#)"* # +,-- (#&. / " "#$%& (#)"* # 01&+%$"&2 (#&. / 33 33
Ps22Pdf
( ) 158,,,,,, ( CIP) /. :, 1996. 12 ISBN 7 302 02353 0... :. F275 CIP ( 96) 20860 : ( :, 100084) : : : 850 1168 1/ 32 : 13. 25 : 344 : 1996 12 1 1996 12 1 : ISBN 7 302 02353 0/ F 130 : 0001 5000 : 16.
A B B DG V--*N AB P T A AB B P T DG V--*A A P B T DG V--*A L A B DG V--*C AB P T A DG V--*B DG V--*B L T A T B A.
Vickers 9./E N/9/A DGV-,........... bar ( psi)................ L/min ( US gpm),............. IS O NF PA D DIN (NG ) IS O (DIN ) A. A B B DG V--*N AB P T A AB B P T DG V--*A A P B T DG V--*A L A B DG V--*C
(CIP) : /. :, 2004 ISBN U472 CIP ( 2004 ) ( 1 : ) : * : : : 010
(CIP) : /. :, 2004 ISBN 7-5045-4694-1... - - -. U472 CIP ( 2004 ) 093307 ( 1 : 100029 ) : * 787 1092 16 15. 5 336 2004 11 1 2004 11 1 : : 26. 00 : 010-64929211 : 010-64911190 : http: / / www.class.com.cn
( ),, ( CI P ) /. :, ISBN T U3 CIP (2004) : 122 : / mail.whut.edu.c
( ),, ( CI P ) /. :,2004. 7 ISBN 7-5629-2076-1....T U3 CIP (2004)004453 : 122 : 430070 http:/ / www.techbook.com.cn E-mail: yangxuezh@ mail.whut.edu.cn : : : 7871092 1/ 16 : 19. 5 : 1 : 493 : 2004 7 1
Engineering technical lode of Rainwater Utilization in Building and Sub-District GB
UDC GB P GB - Engineering technical lode of Rainwater Utilization in Building and Sub-District Engineering technical lode of Rainwater Utilization in Building and Sub-District GB 1... 1 2... 2 2.1... 2
前 言
CY6D78Ti CY6D78Ti CY6D78Ti CY6D78Ti-A ii 1 CY6D78Ti 2 CY6D78Ti 3 4 4 4 7 11 11 11 12 12 14 14 15 15 2 ( 5 ) 15 8 ( 2 ) 15 45 ( 1 ) 16 16 17 18 18 18 19 19 19 2 2 iii 2 21 22 22 23 23 25 29 31 31 32 36
Ps22Pdf
f e L/ b I I P AD c b b P 131 132 133 b 134 W b b W 135 e d b AB b F F f f E E E E E G G G G G G E G E A B C D ABCD A B A B C D AB AB ABC D A BD C A B C D D D D E E E D b ED ED b ED b G E b b b b b
ο HOH 104 31 O H 0.9568 A 1 1 109 28 1.01A ο Q C D t z = ρ z 1 1 z t D z z z t Qz = 1 2 z D z 2 2 Cl HCO SO CO 3 4 3 3 4 HCO SO 2 3 65 2 1 F0. 005H SiO0. 032M 0. 38 T4 9 ( K + Na) Ca 6 0 2 7 27 1-9
untitled
NJUAE-103-15197 100 150 1906 2015 9 1... 1 1.1... 1 1.2... 2 1.3... 2 1.4... 3 1.5... 4 2... 5 2.1... 5 2.2... 10 2.3... 11 2.4... 12 2.5... 18 2.6... 19 2.7... 19 2.8... 25 2.9... 26 3... 27 3.1... 27
数 学 高 分 的 展 望 一 管 理 类 联 考 分 析 第 一 篇 大 纲 解 析 篇 编 写 : 孙 华 明 1 综 合 能 力 考 试 时 间 :014 年 1 月 4 日 上 午 8:30~11:30 分 值 分 配 : 数 学 :75 分 逻 辑 :60 分 作 文 :65 分 ; 总
目 录 数 学 高 分 的 展 望... 1 第 一 篇 大 纲 解 析 篇... 1 一 管 理 类 联 考 分 析... 1 二 最 新 大 纲 解 析... 1 三 考 前 复 习 资 料 及 方 法... 第 二 篇 总 结 篇... 4 1 应 用 题 考 点 总 结 与 技 巧 归 纳... 4 代 数 模 块 题 型 归 纳 及 考 点 总 结... 9 3 数 列 模 块 题 型 归
zt
! " " " " " " " " " " !" %$$#! " "& ((! "!"#!"!" #!#$ "#$!$ "$!"##!"$!!"#!"!" % #$%" % # "% &!!!& ()*+,,-!& ()*+,,-*! "!,-!,-* "!)&*+,,-!)&*+,,-* "&(!$%!"! &!& ()&0,;!/) (&-:A 2-1,;!/) +2(192>*.) /0-1
内 蒙 古 自 治 区 煤 情 况 ( 截 至 2015 年 6 月 底 ) 煤 名 称 19 内 蒙 古 大 雁 业 集 团 有 限 责 任 公 司 第 三 煤 300 ( 蒙 )MK 安 许 证 字 [2014 EG003] 20 陈 巴 尔 虎 旗 天 顺 业 有 限 责 任 公 司 天 顺
![内 蒙 古 自 治 区 煤 情 况 ( 截 至 2015 年 6 月 底 ) 煤 名 称 19 内 蒙 古 大 雁 业 集 团 有 限 责 任 公 司 第 三 煤 300 ( 蒙 )MK 安 许 证 字 [2014 EG003] 20 陈 巴 尔 虎 旗 天 顺 业 有 限 责 任 公 司 天 顺](/thumbs/40/20764607.jpg "内 蒙 古 自 治 区 煤 情 况 ( 截 至 2015 年 6 月 底 ) 煤 名 称 19 内 蒙 古 大 雁 业 集 团 有 限 责 任 公 司 第 三 煤 300 ( 蒙 )MK 安 许 证 字 [2014 EG003] 20 陈 巴 尔 虎 旗 天 顺 业 有 限 责 任 公 司 天 顺")
内 蒙 古 自 治 区 煤 情 况 ( 截 至 2015 年 6 月 底 ) 煤 名 称 一 呼 和 浩 特 市 1 清 水 河 县 天 赐 源 煤 炭 有 限 责 任 公 司 60 ( 蒙 )MK 安 许 证 字 [2010 A003] 2 二 清 水 河 县 刘 胡 梁 煤 炭 有 限 责 任 公 司 刘 胡 梁 采 区 包 头 市 60 ( 蒙 )MK 安 许 证 字 [2012 A001]
Ps22Pdf
1 9 9 9 ( ) 063,, :,,,,,,,,,, ( CIP ) /. - :, 1999. 2 ISBN7 113 03209 5.... N 0 CIP ( 98) 198 : : : ( 100054, 8 ) : : : : 787 1092 1/ 16 : 11. 25 : 280 : 1999 3 1 1999 3 1 : 1 5000 : ISBN 7 113 03209 5/
untitled
2007 12 1 2 SIRIUS 3 4 5 6 2 2/2 3SB3 2/4 3SB3 2/5 3SB3 2/5 2/7 2/10 2/11 2/13 3SB3 2/14 3SB3 2/15 3SB3 2/17 3SB37 SIRIUS 3SB3 3SB3 (/) (/) (/) () Ø22mm (/) (/) (/) () 23 RONIS (/) (SB30) () 23 OMR (/)
1 1. 2. 3. 4. 2 1 1.1 100% 3 2 3 1.2 [2008]2 1.3 1.3.1 1.3.2 2011 3 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.4 1.5 1.5.1 1.5.2 4 4 1.5.3 1.5.4 1.5.4.1 1.5.4.2 15.4.3 1.6, 1.6.1 1.6.2 1.6.3 1.6.4 5 1.6.5 1.7 100 1.8 3km 1.9 1.10
untitled
[] [] [] 15.1 1 2 Cu 2+ 2e=Cu Zn 2+ 2e=Zn 2H + 2eH 2 Cu2e=Cu 2+ Ni2e=Ni 2+ 2OH 2e=H 2 O 1/2O 2 2Cl 2e=Cl 2 1 1. 2. 15.2 z+ ze l H 3 O + e 2 1 H 2 O 2a H 2 O e 2 1 OH 2b O 2 2H 2 O 4e4OH 3 z+ ze 4 z+ (zh)e
<4D6963726F736F667420576F7264202D20B9FABACBB0B2B7A25B323031305D3238BAC5B8BDBCFEC8FD2E646F63>
附 件 三 : 焊 工 项 目 考 试 合 格 项 目 代 号 编 制 方 法 及 其 适 用 范 围 一 目 的 民 用 核 安 全 设 备 焊 工 焊 接 操 作 工 资 格 管 理 规 定 (HAF603) 的 附 件 1 附 件 2 和 附 件 3 确 定 了 针 对 特 定 的 核 安 全 设 备 焊 接 活 动 的 操 作 技 能 考 试 的 考 试 和 检 验 要 求 以 及 考 试
80 , 1993 45 000, 17, 70,160,,, :,, ;,,,,,,,,,, 2004 80,,,,2004 80 2004 80 2004, :,,,,, 2004,,,,, 2004 80, 1 ,,,,, : yqingg@hotmail.com 2004 80 2004 5 2 1 1 1 2004 2 8 2004 ( 2004 ) 12 13 13 13 14 14
Solutions to Exercises in "Discrete Mathematics Tutorial"
1 2 (beta 10 ) 3 SOLVED AND TEXIFIED BY 4 HONORED REVIEWER BBS (lilybbs.us) 1 2002 6 1 2003 1 2 2 ( ) (E-mail: xiaoxinpan@163.com) 3 beta 2005 11 9 ( / ) 40.97% 4 02CS chouxiaoya tedy akaru yitianxing
" #" #$$" "#$$% # & $%& ()*+,- #$$% " & " & ( % ( ( ( % & ( % #" #" #" #"
"#$ "##$ %& ()* "##% "##$ "##$ & () " (" (* + ( " "*, ( " - % & $ "##$ " " #" #$$" "#$$% # & $%& ()*+,- #$$% " & " & ( % ( ( ( % & ( % #" #" #" #" " # $ %&& %&&( %&& %&&) "%&&) #$%& (()*+ "* %&&) %&& %*
untitled
15-EIAS-2014 I 2015 10 15-EIAS-2014 II 2015 10 15-EIAS-2014 III 2015 10 15-EIAS-2014 IV 2015 10 15-EIAS-2014 1 63 15km 1.6 1985 9 1998 7 460m 0m 5 /1998 5 1998~2004 270m230m190m150m 150m 2004 150m 110m
KV-HZ34/29 M80
4-098-738-13 (1) Trinitron Color TV KV-HZ34 KV-HZ29 2003 Sony Corporation M80 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 11 17 20 21 22 23 26 27 31 34 37 49 52 53 57 5 1 (3) (1) (2) 2 (1) (2) 6 8 7 t 8 AUDIO VIDEO Y 2 Y G PB/ CB
3 = 90 - = 5 80 - = 57 5 3 3 3 = 90 = 67 5 3 AN DE M DM BN ABN DM BN BN OE = AD OF = AB OE= AD=AF OF= AB=AE A= 90 AE=AF 30 BF BE BF= BE= a+b =a+ b BF=BC+CF=a+CF CF= b CD=b FD= b AD= FC DFC DM=
Microsoft Word - ET.doc
产 品 目 录 :192-5511 N13/UK 版 本 :24 年 9 月 13 日 192-5511N13 ET系列电动缸 派克汉尼汾 由遍布世界各地的公司组成的强大集团 自动化工业需要有竞争力的合作伙 机电自动化欧洲 (EME) 伴 对于高质量的电气和机械组件的 派克自动化集团的机电自动化欧洲 EME开发和制造的机械和电气组件之间 供应商来说尤其如此 派克汉尼汾公 EME 部由分别位于Offenburg
Ps22Pdf
Qiche Weixiu Jichu zhishi GB/ T16739 1997,, : : : (100013 10 010 64216602) : 787 1092 1 16 : : 2001 7 1 2001 7 1 1 : 8000 : 38 00 ISBN 7 114 03987 5 U 02905 ( 1) ( 8) (11) (13) (19) (22) (30) (35) (42)