國立中山大學論文典藏.pdf

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1 Metakaolin Lightweight Aggregate Concrete to Aply to The Ocean Engineering

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14 ABSTRACT This research targets Metakaolin as main material, with various kinds of combination materials and binder, taking the granulator that Polisius designs as a blueprint to make out an experimental granulator disc of diameter 90cm stainless steel, and uses a mechanism to make colding metakaolin lightweight aggregate and then makes five different proportion of metakaolin lightweight aggregate, with an aim to know the effects of different proportion on aggregate through the destruction of point load, sift analysis, and unit weight. Choosing suitable aggregate based on ACI norm to set three groups of different water-cement ratio A(0.54)B(0.46)C(0.35) to mix into lightweight aggregate concrete, this is to find out the correlation between physical properties and mechanical behavior of metakaolin lightweight aggregate concrete through pressure resistance, splitting off, absorption capacities. The result shows that powder ration and granulator play important roles in the process, its parameter changes according to the model of mechanism, different proportions of metakaolin lightweight aggregate also take different effects, a suitable formula is selected in accordance with the application. Of all the groups, group D (cementslaked limemetakaolinfly ashsand =12.5%12.5%28.125% 9.375%37.5%) has the best mechanical and physical performance. The mechanical properties such as pressure resistance and splitting strength of aggregate made from metakaolin lightweight aggregate concrete can meet up with CNS and ASTM norms, and it is superior to fly ash lightweight aggregate concrete.

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20 W m 2 K kg m 3 kg m 3 6

21 7 3 cm g 3 m kg

22 SiC kg m 3 kg m 3 kg m 3 m 3 m 3 m 3 3 m kg m 3 8

23 m 3 m 3 kg m 3 kg m 3 kg m 3 9

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27 S S A AF C 3 C 2 C 3 C 4 MgO C 3 S 3CaO SiO2 C 2 S 2CaO SiO2 C 3 A 3CaO Al2O3 C 4 AF 4CaO Al2O Fe2O3 13

28 S C 3 S C 2 C 3 A C 4 AF 14

29 C SH 2 K 2 2 O, Na O MgO 15

30 S C 3 S A AF C 2 C 3 S S C 3 C 2 C 4 C 3 S S C 2 S C 2 S S C 3 C 2 S 2C J 3S + 6H C3S 2H3 + 3CH ; H = 500 g C S H C 3 2C J 2S + 4H C3S2 H3 + CH ; H = 225 g C S H 16

31 C 3S2H3 Ca(OH ) 2 Ca(OH ) 2 A AF C 3 C 3 A C 4 A CSH C 3 2 A G J S C 3 A C 3 A A C 3 C J 3 A + 3CSH H C3A 3CS H32 ; H = 1350 g C 3 C 3 C3 A 3CS H32 + 2C3 A + 4H 3C3 A CS 12H 17

32 A C 3 C A CSH H C ACSH H J ; = 1350 g 2 SO A 4 C 3 C = CaO S = SiO H = H ( ) CH = Ca OH F = Fe O A = Al S = SO O O 1= J C 4 AF C 4 AF 3CSH H C6( A, F ) S3H 32 + ( A, F ) H 3 + C 4 AF C6( A, F ) S3 H H 3C 4 ( A, F ) SH 12 + ( A, F ) H 3 + A C 3 18

33 19 S C 3 A C 3

34 Ca OH ) + SiO C S (calcium silicate hydrates ) ( 2 2 H Ca OH ) + Al O C A (calcium aluminate hydrates) ( H CaO SiO Al O 2 O 3 H Ca 20

35 ( ) n SiO 2 O 5 [ AlO OH ) 2 ] n ( 21

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38 ) (OH O Si Al

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43 SiO2 Al 2 O 3 Fe O 2 3 MnO4 TSO 3 SO 3 TiO 2 SiO2 Fe O

44 SiO2 Al 2 O 3 Fe O 2 3 MnO TSO 4 3 SO 3 TiO 2 SiO 2 30

45 Al O SiO2 H 2 O g cm Al Al Al [ Si4O10 ](OH 8 4 ) [ Si4O10 ](OH 8 4 ) [ Si4O10 ](OH 8 4 ) [ ] Al Si O OH H O ( )

46 10 10 W = 100( W W 32

47 Al 2 O 3 O R 2 Al 2 O 3 SiO 2 Al 2 O 3 Al 2 O 3 R 2 O SiO 2 Al 2 O 3 O Fe 2 O 3 Ca(OH ) 2 SiO 2 2 O 3 Al Ca(OH ) 2 R 2 SiO Al O CaO

48 Al2O3 2SiO 2 2H2O Al 2 O 3 SiO 2 H 2 O 2Al SiO 2O c 900 c~1000 c ( ) 1200 c Al O 500 c~700 c 2 SiO 2H O Al O 2SiO ( ) + H O ( Al + SiO 980 c 2 O3 2SiO2 ) 2 Al2O3 3SiO2 ( ) 2 2 Al + SiO 1200 c 2 O3 3SiO2 2( Al2O3 SiO2 )( ) 2 3( Al + SiO 1400 c 2 O3 SiO2 ) 3Al2O3 2SiO 2 ( ) 2 34

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52 Al O 2 3 CaO Fe O 2 3 MgO Na 2 O P O 2 5 SiO2 TiO 2 2 SiO4 + NH4 Cl 38

53 39 g cm 2 2 cm kgf

54 SiO 2 Fe 2 O 3 Al 2 O 3 CaO MgO SO 3 C 3 S S C 2 C 3 A AF C 4 40

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57 SiO 2 Al 2 O 3 Fe 2 O 3 TiO 2 CaO MgO K 2 O Na 2 O

58 SiO 2 SiO 2 Al 2 O 3 Fe 2 O 3 15% Al 2 O 3 Fe 2 O 3 CaO CaO 65% MgO CaOMgO 85% TiO 2 Na 2 O O K 2 P 2 O 5 44

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70 ~ 45 H D 30

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73 2 kgf cm

74 (1972) FunicularII 0.75~0.82W P FunicularII Capillary 0.75W P 0.5( W l + W P ) WP Wl (3-8) 60

75 (3-7) (3-8) (1972) 61

76 S S O C 3 C 2 Ca(OH ) 2 SiO2 Al 2 O 3 Ca(OH ) 2 2 H 2 SiO Al 2 O 3 H 2 O Ca(OH ) 2 C 3 S C 2 S SiO Al 2 O 3 2 H 2 O SiO 2 62

77 Ca(OH ) 2 SO3 S Al 2 O 3 Fe O 2 3 Ca(OH ) 2 C3S 50% C S 25% 2 C 3 S Ca(OH ) 2 S C 3 2C J 3S + 6H C3S 2H 3 + 3CH ; H = 500 g C S H PS : = S C 3 S C C3S + 6H C3S 2H g g g + 3CH g ; H = 500 J g J g S C 3 S Ca(OH ) 2 C 3 63

78 C 2 S Ca(OH ) 2 S C 2 S C 2 C S H C S H CH H J ; = 225 g 2 3 C S H S C C 2S + 4H C3S 2H g g g + CH g ; H = 225 J g J g S C 2 S Ca(OH ) 2 S C 3 Ca(OH ) 2 Ca(OH ) 2 C 2 C 2 S SiO Al 2 O 3 2 SiO2 Al 2 O 3 Ca(OH ) 2 SiO2 Al 2 O 3 Ca(OH ) 2 64

79 3CH + 2S C3S 2H3 ( ) 7 CH + 2A + 12H C4 AH13 + C3AH 6 SiO % Al2O % (OH ) 2 Al O 2 3 Ca Ca(OH ) 2 SiO 2 Ca(OH ) 2 SiO Al 2 O 3 2 3CH + 2S C3S2 H g 96.39g g 7CH + 2A + 12H C4 AH13 + C3 AH g 46.82g g 86.75g SiO g Al2O g X X S A = = X S 2 X S = g : X A 2 3 X A = g : O 65

80 SiO Al 2 O 3 2 SiO2 Al 2 O 3 Ca(OH ) 2 Ca(OH ) g ( ) 297.2g Ca ( OH ) SiO g Al2O g C S H g C A H Ca(OH ) 2 SiO 2 Al 2 O 3 Ca(OH ) 2 Ca(OH ) 2 CaO Ca(OH ) 2 CaO + H 2 O Ca(OH ) 2 CH + 2S 3 3 C3S 2H ( ) 7 CH + 2A + 12H C4 AH13 + C3AH 6 SiO % Al2O % 66

81 CaO (OH ) 2 Ca(OH ) 2 2 SiO Al 2 O 3 Ca(OH ) 2 SiO 2 Al 2 O 3 CaO g 202.5g H 2 O Ca( OH ) g 3CH + 2S C3S2H g 270g 769.5g 7CH + 2A + 12H C4 AH13 + C3 AH g g g 243g CaO SiO2 270g Al2O g X X S A = = X S 2 X S = g : X A 2 3 : O X A = g SiO2 Al 2 O 3 Ca(OH ) 2 SiO 2 67

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86 D = nax '' W W = 385 Ib yd (228.2 kg m ) d max 72

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88 c w w c ' fc 2 kgf cm 2 230kgf cm 2 270kgf cm 2 330kgf cm 74

89 kg m C kg A = = = m kg m C kg B = = = m kg m C 652 kg C = = m kg m 3 3 kg m d max 75

90 = = W V = = = = = = 21) ( ) ( ) ( C C B C A C V V V = = CA V = = A V = = = C B A V V V = = = = = = C C FA B B FA A A FA V V V V V V = = = = = = 24) ( ) ( ) ( m kg W m kg W m kg W C FA B FA A FA

91 77 3 m kg 3 m kg 3 m kg 3 m kg

92 ASTM C ± 1. 7 C V1 23 ± 1. 7 C V 2 V 2 V 1 78

93 W ρ = V 2 V 1 79

94 ASTM C 127 CNS 488 W 1 W 1 W 2 W 2 W3 W 2 W 2 W W 3 W

95 ASTM C 128 ASTM C 566CNS 387 CNS 1240 ASTM C 70 CNS 487 CNS a. W 1 b. 110±5 24 c. W2 2. a. 24 b. c. d. 81

96 e. W3 3. a. W4 b. 100 c. W5 ' W1 W2 M = 100% W 2 ' W3 W2 M S = 100% W 2 ' ' ' W1 W3 M O = M M S = 100% W W1 W2 M = 100% W W3 W2 M S = 100% W 2 W1 W3 M O = M M S = 100% W 100 ρr = (100+) W W 4 3 5

97 83 CNS 486ASTM C 136

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99 CNS 1163ASTM C 29 W 3 γ = ( kg / l = T / m ) V W = (kg) V = (l) γ 100% ρ c γ ( 1 ) 100% ρ c ρ = c 85

100 CNS 1232 ASTM C39/C ASTM 39M-99 2 kgf cm kgf 2 cm P ( kg 2 ) A cm cm 2 86

101 CNS 3801 ASTM C CNS 3801ASTM C (cm) (cm) 2 ( kgf cm ) 2P T = π Ld 2 ( kgf cm ) (kgf ) (cm) (cm) 87

102 JIS A6101 PCA BULLTIN kg / cm 2 88

103 K = r ρ log r 2πH 0 1 Q P K = 0 P i 3 3 ρ = ( kg cm or g cm ) r 0 = (cm) r 1 = (cm) H = (cm) Q = 48( cc) P 0 = ( 30 kg 2) cm P i = (0) kg / cm 2 89

104 90 % 100 ) ( = D D W S

105 w i = * Aρ i = S t 2 w(g) ( cm ) * ρ ( g 3) i(mm) S ( mm 1/ 2 ) cm min 91

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119 105 2 cm kg

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121 107 P i P Q H r r K = log π ρ

122 108 (OH ) 2 Ca sec cm 2 kgf

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128 114 S C 3 S C 2 S C 3 S C 2

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162 absorption activator age alite aluminate amorphous belite binder bulk density Ca-montmorillonite calcination calcium aluminate hydrates calcium silicate hydrates capillary pores cement Chemical composition chloride clinker compressive strength cristobalite cube cuboctahedron dehydroxylation dickite durablity entrained airvoids ettringite feldspathic rock ferrite fineness gel pores halloysite illite intensity 148

163 149 joule effect kaoline kaolinite light-weight aggregate metakaolin monosulfate mullite octahedron plastic poisson porosity portland cement pozzolana pozzolanes pozzolanic reaction replacement rhyolites specific gravity spherical spinel splitting strength unit weight velocity

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