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1 2011 3, 18(2): Journal of Fishery Sciences of China 研究论文 DOI: /SP.J 徐兆礼, 沈盎绿, 摘要 : ( ),,, 3, 123, , 41.46% 1 4 9, H , H , H, H 1 (r=0.69, P=0.0145); 4 H (r=0.62, P= ), 9, 1, % % %,, [, 2011,18(2): ] : ; ; ; ; 中图分类号 : S949 文献标识码 : A 文章编号 : (2011) ,,, [1], [2-3], [4-5],,, [6], [7], [8], [9],,,,, : Michael [10], Barletta [11], Costa Bruxelas [12], Relini [13],,, [7] [9] [8], 收稿日期 : ; 修订日期 : 基金项目 : ( ); ( ). 作者简介 : (1960-). xiaomin@sh163.net

2 第2期徐兆礼等: 兴化湾海域鱼类多样性的时空变化 417 水域鱼类多样性随纬度降低变化特征需要, 本研 0.5 Shannon 多样性指数计算公式为 H'=- (ni/n) 究选取兴化湾鱼类多样性作为研究对象, 以探讨 log2(ni /N), 均匀度 J'计算公式为 J'=H'/log2(s), 丰富中国典型的亚热带海湾鱼类多样性变化, 有助于度 d 计算公式 d=(s-1)/log2(n) [15], 其中, s 为种类进一步系统地认识海湾生态系统特点数, N 为总尾数(或质量), n i 第 i 种尾数(或质量) 相关系数具体计算方法还可以参考文献[15] 季材料与方法节更替率是指两季间不同的种类数与两季出现的调查地点和采样方法总种类数之比的百分数 2008 年 4 月日(春季) 9 月 3 6 日(夏季), 2009 年 1 月 1 9 日(冬季)在兴化湾水域布设 2 16 个站(图 1); 进行鱼类学调查; 调查采用单拖网 2.1 结果与分析种类组成 (7.5 m 3.5 m), 网目范围 cm, 其中囊网兴化湾鱼类调查中共鉴定 124 个种, 其中 1 网目 2.5 cm, 上部网衣 12 cm, 中部网衣 8 cm 每月 47 个种, 4 月 48 个种, 9 月 81 个种(表 1) 这些网拖曳 0.5 h, 平均拖速 4.63 km/h(即 2.5 节), 采样种分属 15 个目其中鲈形目占了最大的比例有按海洋水产资源调查手册 [14]进行对每网渔 51 个种, 占总种数 41.46%; 其次是鲽形目, 占了获物中鱼类进行分物种的质量和尾数统计由于 13.93% 种类数量第 3 位的是鲱形目, 占了种类养殖设施季节变化的影响, 1 月调查的 2 号 3 号比例 9.84% 其余比例稍高的大类是鲉形目燕 9 号和 10 号站位, 4 月的 3 号 9 号和 14 号站位, 9 目鳐形目鲀形目鲻形目和鳗鲡目其他目月的 8 号和 9 号站位没有采到样品出现的种类很少, 有的目仅出现个别种类 2.2 种数的平面分布 1 月共 12 个站位, 平均每个站位出现个种, 内湾的 8 号站位(9 个)种类最少, 尾数上以皮氏叫姑鱼(Johnius belengerii)最多中湾的 1 号 4 7 及 11 号站位是 1 月鱼类种类最多站位, 平均 16 个种, 最多的是 11 号站位(18 种), 是 1 月调查种类最多的站位, 主要是矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias) 孔虾虎鱼(Trypauchen vagina)和皮氏叫姑鱼; 其次是最北部 1 号站(16 个)和 4 号站(17 个) 1 号站位主要是宽体舌鳎(Cynoglossus robustus), 4 号站主要是皮氏叫姑鱼湾口站位是号站位, 分布在南日岛周围, 平均 14 个种图1 Fig 光化湾海域调查站位分布类只有 14 号站位种类较多, 主要是短吻舌鳎 Sampling stations in Xinghua Bay (Cynoglossus abbreviatus); 其次是皮氏叫姑鱼 4 月共 13 个站位, 平均每个站位出现 9.31 个数据处理方法鱼类多样性分析, 采用 Shannon 多样性指数种远远少于 1 月每个站位种类数 4 月, 内湾 8 (H ), 均匀度和丰富度指数在鱼类生态研究中, 质号站位(5 种)仅仅有斑尾刺虾虎鱼(Tridentiger [8] 量多样性和尾数多样性具有不同的生物学含义, trigonocephalus) 棘头梅童鱼(Collichthys lucidus) 因此本研究中不同站位鱼类多样性指数值分别采和 2 种鲉形目等鱼类等中湾的平均每个站位出用质量密度 (kg/km ) 和尾数密度 (10 ind/km ) 计算密度的估算采用扫海面积法 [14], 逃逸率取现种类数为 6.29 个, 种类出现最少的是北部的 4 号站位(3 种)仅仅出现 2 种虾虎鱼和 1 种舌鳎 4 月

3 Tab. 1 表 1 兴化湾鱼类种类组成 Species composition of fishes in the Xinghua Bay species 1 Jan. 4 April 9 Sept. Carcharhiniformes Carcharhinidae Scoliodon laticaudus * Orectolobiformes Orectolobidae Chiloscyllium plagiosum * * Rajiformes Rhinobatidae Rhinobatos hynnicephalus * Rhinobatos schlegelii * Rajiformes Platyrhinidae Platyrhina sinensis * Rajiformes Rajidae Raja kenojei * Raja hollandi * Torpediniformes Narkidae Narke japonica * * Myliobatiformes Dasyatidae Dasyatis akajei * * * Dasyatis microphthalmus * Dasyatis navarrae * * Dasyatis zugei * * Myliobatiformes Gymnuridae Gymnura bimaculata * Gymnura japonica * Clupeiformes 鳀 Engraulidae 鳀 Thryssa hamiltonii * 鳀 Thryssa mystax * * 鳀 Thryssa kammalensis * 鳀 Thryssa dussumieri * 鳀 Thryssa setirostris * 鳀 Thryssa vitirostris * * 鳀 Engraulis japonicus * Coilia mystus * * Setipinna taty * * Stolephorus commersonii * Clupeiformes Clupeidae Sardinella melanura * Ilisha elongata * Myctophiformes Harpadontidae Harpodon nehereus * * * Myctophiformes Synodontidae Synodus macrops * Anguilliformes Congridae Uroconger lepturus * * Anguilliformes Muraenesocidae

4 2 : Tab. 1 continued species 1 Jan. 4 April 9 Sept. Muraenesox cinereus * * * Anguilliformes Anguillidae Leptocephalus sp. * Anguilliformes Ophichthidae Pisoodonophis cancrivorus * Pisoodonophis boro * Cirrhimuraena chinensis * Siluriformes Ariidae Arius sinensis * * Mugiliformes Sphyraenidae Sphyraena pinguis * Sphyraena japonica * Mugiliformes Polynemidae Polynemus sextarius * * Mugiliforme Mugilidae Sardinella zunasi * Saurida elongata * Perciformes Eleotridae Prionobutis koilomatodon * * Perciformes Mullidae Parupeneus chrysopleuron * Perciformes Apogonidae Apogonichthys lineatus * Apogonichthys ellioti * Apogon quadrifasciatus * Perciformes Sillaginidae Sillago sihama * * Perciformes 鲹 Carangidae 鲹 Decapterus maruadsi * 鲹 Caranx ignobilis * Trachurus japonicus * Perciformes 鲾 Leiognathidae 鲾 Leiognathus insidiator * 鲾 Leiognathus brevirostris * 鲾 Leiognathus ruconius * * Perciformes Lutjanidae sp. Lutianus sp. * Lutjanus johni * Perciformes Sparidae Pagrus major * Rhabdosargus sarba * Sparus latus * * * sp. Sparus sp. * Acanthopagrus schlegeli * Sparus macrocephalus *

5 Tab. 1 continued species 1 Jan. 4 April 9 Sept. Perciformes riacanthidae Priacanthus macracanthus * Perciformes Pomadasyidae Hapalogenys mucronatus * * * Perciformes Theraponidae Pelates quadrilineatus * Terapon oxyrhynchus * Perciformes Parapercidae Parapercis sexfasciatus * * Perciformes Gerridae Gerres filamentosus * Gerres lucidus * Perciformes Serranidae Lateolabrax maculatus * Perciformes Callionymidae Callionymus beniteguri * Perciformes Serranidae Epinephelus awoara * Perciformes Sciaenidae Argyrosomus argentatus * * * Argyrosomus macrocephalus * Larimichthys polyactis * Collichthys lucidus * Johnius belengerii * * * Johnius distinctus * * Chrysochir aureus * Perciformes Gobiidae Chaeturichthys stigmatias * * * Parachaeturichthys polynema * * Odontamblyopus lacepedii * Trypauchen vagina * * * Tridentiger barbatus * * Acanthogobius ommaturus * Tridentiger trigonocephalus * Cryptocentrus filifer * Perciformes Trichiuridae Eupleurogrammus muticus * Trichiurus lepturus * * * Perciformes Centrolophidae Psenopsis anomala * Pampus echinogaster * Pampus chinensis * Perciformes Scombridae Scomber japonicus * Pleuronectiformes Paralichthyidae

6 2 : Tab. 1 Continued species 1 Jan. 4 April 9 Sept. Tarphops oligolepis * sp. Pseuderhonbus arsius sp. * * Pleuronectiformes Soleidae Solea ovata * * Zebrias zebra * Pleuronectiformes Cynoglossidae Cynoglossus bilineatus * Cynoglossus oligolepis * * Cynoglossus macrolepidotus * Cynoglossus punncticeps * * Cynoglossus purpureomaculatus * Cynoglossus robustus * * Cynoglossus abbreviatus * * * Cynoglossus joyneri * Cynoglossus lighti * * Cynoglossus punncticeps * Cynoglossus semilaevis * sp. Cynoglossus sp. * Cynoglossus macrolepidotus * Pleuronectiformes Paralichthyidae Pseudorhombus oligodon * 鲉 Scorpaeniformes 鲉 Scorpaenidae 鲉 Scorpaena neglecta * * 鲉 Hoplosebastes armatus * 鲉 Minous monodactylus * 鲉 Scorpaeniformes Triglidae Chelidonichthys kumu * 鲉 Scorpaeniformes 鲉 Synanceiidae 鲉 Inimicus japonicus * 鲉 Scorpaeniformes 鲉 Sebastidae 鲉 Sebastiscus marmoratus * * 鲉 Scorpaeniformes 鲬 Platycephalidae 鲬 Platycephalus indicus * 鲬 Grammoplites scaber * * Gasterosteiformes Syngnathidae Syngnathus acus * 鲀 Aluteridae 鲀 Tetraodontiformes 鲀 Stephanolepis cirrhifer * * 鲀 Aluteridae 鲀 Tetraodontidae 鲀 Gastrophysus spadiceus * 鲀 Takifugu alboplumbeus * * 鲀 Takifugu oblongus * * 鲀 Diodon holacanthus * 躄 Lophiiformes 躄 Antennariidae 躄 sp. Antennarius sp. * total : *. Note: * meaning presenting.

422 18, 15, 17, (Trachurus japonicus),, (Sparus latus) (Cynoglossus purpureomaculatus) 9 14, 17.15,, ( 2), 3 24, (Polynemus sextarius) 19, (Harpodon nehereus), 12.8 (Johnius distinctus) 2.

7 422 18, 15, 17, (Trachurus japonicus),, (Sparus latus) (Cynoglossus purpureomaculatus) 9 14, 17.15,, ( 2), 3 24, (Polynemus sextarius) 19, (Harpodon nehereus), 12.8 (Johnius distinctus) , 1, 4 9, Shannon-Wiener (H') : Fig. 2 2 Distribution of species number in the Xinghua Bay diversity index 表 2 Tab. 2 in weight 兴化湾鱼类多样性指数季节变化 Seasonal diversity in the Xinghua Bay 1 Jan. 4 April 9 Spt. in number in weight in number in weight in number Shannon-Wiener(H') eveness(j') richness(d) , 11 (3.31) H, 16 (3.22) 8 (2.45) 6 (2.44) H 1 (3.46) 11 (3.51), H 3.0 4, H, 2 1, , 7 2, 5 4, H H 12 ( ), , 2 (3.27) 5 (3.09) H, 16 (3.35) 3 (2.24) H 13 (1.24) H 6 (3.53) 7 (3.33)

8 第2期徐兆礼等: 兴化湾海域鱼类多样性的时空变化部的 1 号站位(3.15) 另外, 湾口南日岛附近站位 2.5 相关分析表明: 1 月, 鱼类尾数多样性仅与种种类的季节更替季节更替率是指 2 个季节间不同的种类数与尾数多样性指数(H )也较低, 5 个站位中有 3 个多样性不到 2 湾内 3 号站位尾数 H 值也较低 423 总种类数之比的百分数依据表 1 可见, 1 月和 4 月合计 79 个种, 其中 63 个不同种, 16 个相同种类数相关(r=0.69, P= , n 47),与尾数密度季节更替率 79.75% 4 月和 9 月合计 108 个种, 其无关 4 月鱼类尾数多样性与种类数无关,与尾数中 89 个不同种, 19 个相同种季节更替率 82.41% 密度相关(r=0.62, P= , n 48) 9 月尾数多 1 月和 9 月合计 104 个种, 其中 81 个不同种, 23 样性与种类数和尾数密度均不相关(图 3) 个相同种季节更替率 77.88% 2.4 水深对种类数和多样性的影响 1 月, 种类数与水深变化关系不大, 不同水深之间的种类数相差不大 4 月, 水深小于等于 10 m 讨论兴化湾鱼类种类数和多样性特征水域种类数较少, 水深在 m 之间种类较兴化湾鱼类种数呈现一定的季节变化, 夏季多 9 月, 水深在 m 之间种和小于等于 10 (9 月)高, 其次是春季(4 月), 最少的是冬季(1 月), m 的海域种类较多水深大于 30 m 的水域种类数其中冬季和春季相差不大同样, 兴化湾鱼类 H 显著减少(表 3) 值也呈现季节变化, 其中质量 H 值的变化特征与图3 Fig. 3 兴化湾鱼类多样性指数(H )值分布(左侧为质量 H, 右侧为尾数 H ) Diversity (H ) in the Xinghua Bay(left side is the weight H, right side is the individual H )

9 表 3 兴化湾不同水深鱼类种类数的变化 Tab. 3 Variations in number of fish species in different water depths month /m water depth April Spt total : 1. Note: Depth data in Jan. was unavailable., H ( 2) 9, ; 4, ; 9, 1 4 9, ;,,, [16-17] 3.2,,, -;, [16],,, [17],, 1 4,, 1 4 8,, 鲉 9,, 萩,,, 9,, ,, 2 9,, 20,,, [18],,, ,,, 9,,, 4 9,, 1 ( 2),, 3.3, H 1, 4, 9 (H ),, 1,,,,, 1 H,, 4,,,,,,, 4 H 9,

10 2 : (R): %, %, % 1 4, 4 9, 1 9, :,!,,! 参考文献 : [1],,,. [J]., 2010, 17(2): [2],,,. [J].,2006,18(5): [3],,,. [J]., 2008, 2(6): [4],,. [J]., 2008, 15(3): [5],,,. [J]., 2007, 14(4) : [6],,,. [J]., 2010, 17(1): [7],,,. [J]., 2009, 28(10): [8],,. [J]., 2008, 28(12): [9],. [J],, 2009, 18(2): [10] Dahlberg M-D, Odum E-P. Annual cycles of species occurrence, abundance, and diversity in Georgia Estuarine fish populations[j]. American Midland Naturalist, 1970, 83 (2): [11] Barletta M, Barletta A, Saint U, et al. The role of salinity in structuring the fish assemblages in a tropical estuary[j]. J Fish Biol, 2005, 66(1): [12] Costa M-J, Bruxelas A. The structure of fish communities in the Tagus Estuary, Portugal, and its role as a nursery for commercial fish species[j]. Sci Mar, 1989, 53(2-3): [13] Relini M, Relini G, Torchia G. Fish population pattern in a coastal artificial habitat in the NW Mediterranean[M]. Anastasios Eleftheriou, Alan D Ansell, Christopher J Smith. Biology and Ecology of Shallow Coastal Water, London: Olsen & Olsen, 1995: [14]. : 2 [M]. :, [15] Christensen R. Analysis of variance, design and regression: applied statistical methods[m]. New York: Chapman and Hall, [16],. [J]., 2009, 28(4): 1-10 [17]. [J]., 2002, 21(3):

11 Spatial and temporal distribution on fish diversity in the Xinghua Bay XU Zhaoli, SHEN Anglü Key and Open Laboratory of Marine and Estuary Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture of China, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai , China Abstract: Based on the data from 3 oceanographic censuses in the Xinghua Bay in January 2009, April and September 2008, the author discussed the spatial-temporal distribution of number of fish species and diversity involved in some impact factors such as background of topography and hydrological features. Results showed that 123 species were identified among which 47 species occurred in January, 48 species in April and 81 species in September. The number of Perciformes species occupied 41.46% of total number. The H in weight in January, April and September separately were 2.59,1.78 and 2.65, while H in individual number were 2.84, 2.42 and 2.42 among which seasonal weight H values were similar as seasonal species number while individual H was highest in winter. The individual H was closely related to species number (r=0.69, P= , n=47) in January, while related to species density in April(r=0.62, P= , n=48). In September, the H was not related with both species number and density. The species number in January, individual density in April were both key factors affecting on individual H. The seasonal species alternations were 79.75% from January to April, 82.41% from April to September, and 77.88% from September to January. The pattern of richness and diversity (H ) were decided by diverse marine topography and runoff in west part of the bay, mixture of tidal waters in the middle bay as well as fish migration in the out bay. [Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 2011, 18(2): ] Key words: Xinghua Bay; fish; diversity; species composition; seasonal alternation Corresponding author: XU Xhaoli. xiaomin@sh163.net

中文题目

中文题目生物多样性 2011, 19 (1): 79 84 Biodiversity Science Doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.06113 http: //www.biodiversity-science.net 兴化湾和闽江口海域春夏季鱼类区系特征徐兆礼 ( 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所, 农业部海洋与河口渔业重点开放实验室, 上海 200090) 摘要 : 为反映我国亚热带河口和海湾鱼类区系特点,