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1 Jan : Acta Geoscientica Sinica Vol.33 No.1: www. 地球学报.com 东天山四顶黑山层状岩体地质特征及成矿潜力分析摘 1, 2), 1, 2), 1, 2), 1, 2), 3), 1), 1), 1) 1), ; 2), ; 3), 要 : -, ;,,, :, 1419 ;, ~1100,, +, ( ) 关键词 : ; - ; ; ; 中图分类号 : P ; P618.41; P 文献标志码 : A doi: /cagsb Geological Characteristics and Ore-forming Potential of Sidingheishan Stratified Mafic-ultramafic Intrusion in East Tianshan Mountains SUN Tao 1, 2), QIAN Zhuang-zhi 1, 2), TANG Zhong-li 1, 2), LIU Min-wu 1, 2), GAO Ping 3), ZHANG Jiang-jiang 1), ZHANG Rui 1), JIANG Chao 1) 1) Key Laboratory of Western China s Mineral Resources and Geological Engineering; Ministry of Education, Xi an, Shaanxi ; 2) College of Earth Science and Land Recourses, Chang an University, Xi an, Shaanxi ; 3) Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration Corporation of Northwest Geological Exploration and Mining Bureau for Nonferrous Metals, Xi an, Shaanxi Abstract: The Huangshan mafic-ultramafic rock belt in East Tianshan Mountains has around much interest among geologists due to the development of many mafic-ultramafic intrusions and nickel-copper magmatic sulfide deposits. Located in the eastern part of this belt, the Sidingheishan mafic-ultramafic intrusion is a stratified intrusion composed of clinopyroxene peridotite, olivine pyroxenite, olivine norite-gabbro, olivine gabbro, pyroxene amphibolite, gabbro, hornblende gabbro and diorite, its main rock-forming minerals are chrysolite, bronzite, diopside, hornblende and plagioclase, its differentiation is fairly perfect, and its alteration is well developed. A study of the mineral microstructure characteristics and the calculation show that in Sidingheishan intrusion, olivine was the first crystallized mineral, followed by bronzite and diopside, whose crystallization temperatures were about 1100 and , respectively, and the two minerals in the rock can coexist. The peridotite facies, norite facies, and the chrysolite + bronzite mineral assemblage show that the Sidingheishan ( : ) ( : ) ( : CHD2011TD007) ( : CHD2011SY014) : ; : : :,, 1983, - : , zyst2011@chd.edu.cn

2 : 39 intrusion has favorable conditions for the formation of copper-nickel (platinum) deposits. Key words: ore-forming potential; mafic-ultramafic stratifield intrusion; Ni-Cu sulfide deposit; Sidingheishan; East Tianshan Mountains - ( ) -, -,,, 270 km, 20~35 km, 5600 km 2 - (, 1987;, 2002, 2007;, 2009;, 2009;, 2010;, 2011; 1) -, (2006), 39 Ar/ 40 Ar (545 5) Ma; (2008) (2010) ; (2010) U-Pb ( ) Ma,, Ni, 1 岩体地质概况 -,, ;,,,,, 28 km, km, >35 km 2 (, 2006;, 2006;, 2008;, 2010;, 2010)( 2) ( 3a),,, 图 1 四顶黑山岩体地理位置图 ( 据秦克章等, 2007 修改 ) Fig. 1 Location of the Sidingheishan mafic-ultramafic intrusion(modified from QIN Ke-zhang et al., 2007) Q- ; C- ; D- ; AnЄ- ; Q-Quaternary; C-Carboniferous metamorphosed volcano-sedimentary rocks; D-Devonian volcanic rocks; AnЄ-Pre-Camberian metamorphic basement

40 图 2 四顶黑山岩体地质简图 ( 据代文军, 2010 略修改 ) Fig.

intrusion(modified from DAI Wen-jun et al., 2010) 2 岩石学图 3 四顶黑山岩体野外照片 Fig.

a-olivine pyroxenite assuming protruding positive terrain; b-olivine

3 40 图 2 四顶黑山岩体地质简图 ( 据代文军, 2010 略修改 ) Fig. 2 Simplified geological map of Sidingheishan mafic-ultramafic intrusion(modified from DAI Wen-jun et al., 2010) 2 岩石学图 3 四顶黑山岩体野外照片 Fig. 3 Field photos of Sidingheishan mafic-ultramafic intrusion a- ; b- a-olivine pyroxenite assuming protruding positive terrain; b-olivine pyroxenite interbedded with gabbro, :,, ; ( ) ( ) ( 3b) :,, -,, ; -,, ; ( 4a), :,, -,, (4b),, ; -, ( 4c), ;, ( ) :,, -,,, ;, ( 4d),

孙涛等: 东天山四顶黑山层状岩体地质特征及成矿潜力分析 41 C AG S 第一期图4 Fig.

橄榄石之间; e-磁黄铁矿与镍黄铁矿呈固溶体分离结构, 镍黄铁矿自形; f-黄铜矿呈条带状交代磁黄铁矿, 接触界线平直; Ol-橄榄石; Srp-蛇纹石; Opx-斜方辉石; Cpx-单斜辉石; Pl-斜长石; Amp-角闪石; Chl-绿泥石; Pn-镍黄铁矿; Po-磁黄铁矿; Cpy-黄铜矿 a-olivine in clinopyroxene peridotite, with the

in plagioclase, olivine grains in olivine norite-gabbro; e-euhedral pentlandite and pyrrhotite forming solid solution separation structure; f-chalcopyrite replacing pyrrhotite, the contact line being

4 孙涛等: 东天山四顶黑山层状岩体地质特征及成矿潜力分析 41 C AG S 第一期图4 Fig. 4 四顶黑山岩体基性-超基性岩石的显微结构 Texture characteristics of basic-ultrabasic rocks in Sidingheishan intrusion a-单辉橄榄岩中橄榄石颗粒, 颗粒间隙完全被绿泥石交代; b-橄榄辉石岩中橄榄石内部裂隙有蛇纹石化蚀变; c-橄榄辉石岩中辉石包围橄榄石; d-橄榄苏长辉长岩中斜方辉石, 斜方辉石充填在斜长石橄榄石之间; e-磁黄铁矿与镍黄铁矿呈固溶体分离结构, 镍黄铁矿自形; f-黄铜矿呈条带状交代磁黄铁矿, 接触界线平直; Ol-橄榄石; Srp-蛇纹石; Opx-斜方辉石; Cpx-单斜辉石; Pl-斜长石; Amp-角闪石; Chl-绿泥石; Pn-镍黄铁矿; Po-磁黄铁矿; Cpy-黄铜矿 a-olivine in clinopyroxene peridotite, with the grain interspaces completely replaced by chlorite; b-serpentinization in the interior fissures of olivine pyroxenite; c-olivine surrounded by pyroxenite in olivine pyroxenite; d-orthopyroxene filling in plagioclase, olivine grains in olivine norite-gabbro; e-euhedral pentlandite and pyrrhotite forming solid solution separation structure; f-chalcopyrite replacing pyrrhotite, the contact line being straight; Ol-Olivine; Srp-Serpentine; Opx-Orthopyroxene; Cpx-Clinopyroxene; Pl-Plagioclase; Amp-Amphibolite; Chl-Chlorite; Pn-Pentlandite; Po-Pyrrhotite; Cpy-Chalcopyrite 石充填在橄榄石晶体颗粒之间, 辉石常发育有角闪半自形粒状, 局部蚀变为阳起石绿泥石; 辉石均为石的反应边, 沿解理析出铁质, 构成希勒结构; 斜它形粒状, 部分被角闪石交代仅剩残余长石呈半自形-它形, 柱状板条状, 发育聚片双晶卡纳复合双晶, 局部发生粘土化角闪辉长岩: 岩石呈灰色浅灰色, 辉长结构辉绿辉长结构角闪石晶形不完整, 普遍发生阳起辉石角闪岩: 岩石呈灰绿色暗灰绿色, 全晶质石化, 使角闪石多色性减弱, 局部角闪石退变质为自形-半自形粒状结构, 块状构造角闪石多为自形- 透闪石; 斜长石为半自形-它形, 柱状板条状, 发

5 42,, ; :,, -,,, ; -,, 3 矿物学 1, Fo Fo=100 Mg/(Mg+Fe) , 5a, Ca MgO, Ca ; FeO MgO, ( 5b), Fo, Fo, ( 6) 1, En , 75.9; Fs , 22.3; Wo , 1.8, ( 7a) Al 2 O 3, , Al 2 O 3 ( ) (Dick et al., 1996) En , 42.7; Fs , 10.6; Wo , 46.8, Ca-Mg-Fe, Wo-En-Fs, ( 7a) SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 ( 7b),, 1 TiO 2, % 图 5 橄榄石中 MgO-CaO(a) 和 MgO-FeO(b) 变化关系 Fig. 5 Diagram of MgO versus CaO(a) and MgO versus FeO(b) in olivine Fig. 6 图 6 四顶黑山岩体中橄榄石边部与核部 Fo 值变化关系 Variations of Fo values at the edge and the core of olivine in Sidingheishan intrusion

6 表 1 四顶黑山岩体橄榄石辉石角闪石以及斜长石的电子探针分析数据 ( 单位 : %) Table 1 The crystal chemical data of olivines, pyroxenes, amphibole and plagioclases(unit: %) SiO 2 TiO 2 Al 2 O 3 FeO MnO MgO CaO Na 2 O Cr 2 O 3 NiO Total sd Fo 79 Fa 21 sd Fo 77 Fa 23 sd Fo 78 Fa 22 xhs Fo 75 Fa 25 xhs En 76 Fs 22 Wo 2 sd En 43 Fs 11 Wo 46 sd En 43 Fs 10 Wo 47 xhs En 43 Fs 10 Wo 47 sd Si/(Si+Fe+Al)=0.668 xhs Si/(Si+Fe+Al)=0.563 sd Si/(Si+Fe+Al)=0.664 xhs Si/(Si+Fe+Al)=0.681 sd An 91 Ab 9 sd An 89 Ab 11 xhs An 89 Ab 11 xhs An 72 Ab 28 xhs An 59 Ab 41 : JXI-8100, A, 15 kv

7 44 图 7 辉石的 Wo-En-Fs 图解 (a) 和单斜辉石 Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 图解 (b)( 据 Morimoto, 1988) Fig. 7 Wo-En-Fs diagram of pyroxene(a) and Al 2 O 3 versus SiO 2 diagram(b) of clinopyroxene (after Morimoto, 1988) (, 1997), Si, Si/(Si+Ti+A1),, Si/(Si+Ti+A1) 0.775, 0.765(, 1984) Al 2 O 3 10, Si/(Si+Ti+A1) 0.765, 1 1,,,, (, 2004) 4 矿物形成温度 4.1,,,,,, 2,,, 1419 ( 2) 4.2,,,, - Ni : lnkd=-16.8/1.987t , Kd Ni ( 3) ,, (1987), T( )= (Ca/(Ca+ Mg+Fe)) 100%, 4, ,, ;, ( 2 3) 表 2 橄榄石的结晶温度 Table 2 Crystallization temperature of olivine X Mg X Fe X Fo X Fa / 1 sd sd sd xhs : (1981): T=( ln(X Fo /X Fa )/(X Mg /X Fe )) 10 4 /66.388

8 : 45 表 3 古铜辉石结晶温度 Table 3 Crystallization temperature of bronzite Ni /% Ni /% / 1 xhs xhs xhs ;,, ( ) 5 橄榄石中 Ni 含量及岩体成矿潜力分析 : Ni Ni, Mg ; Ni D Ni 4 9 ( 7)(Li et al., 2003), (300~1000)(Arth, 1976; Barnes et al., 1999), Ni,, Ni, Ni Ni, Ni Ni Fo ( 8),, ;,, Fe-Ni (, 2005;, 2008) -, (, 1987;, 2002, 2007;, 2009;, 2009;, 2010),,, ;,,,,, ;,,,,, PGE ( Busheveld; Barnes, 1987; Naldrett et al., 1989), 表 4 单斜辉石的结晶温度 Table 4 Crystallization temperature of clinopyroxene Ca/(Ca+Mg+Fe)/% 1 sd sd sd sd sd sd sd sd sd sd sd sd xhs xhs

46 致谢 : 在野外工作中得到了新疆维吾尔自治区有色地质勘查局 704 大队的三金柱总工程师康峰工程师和郭海斌工程师大力支持与帮助以及中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所秦克章研究员与唐冬梅博士后的亲言指导, 使我获益匪浅 ; 在室内研究中得到了实验室白开寅老师何克老师的帮助 ; 感谢匿名审稿人的细心审稿并提出宝贵的修改意见 ; 在此一并致谢!

9 46 致谢 : 在野外工作中得到了新疆维吾尔自治区有色地质勘查局 704 大队的三金柱总工程师康峰工程师和郭海斌工程师大力支持与帮助以及中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所秦克章研究员与唐冬梅博士后的亲言指导, 使我获益匪浅 ; 在室内研究中得到了实验室白开寅老师何克老师的帮助 ; 感谢匿名审稿人的细心审稿并提出宝贵的修改意见 ; 在此一并致谢! 参考文献 : 图 8 四顶黑山岩体与东天山其他岩体橄榄石中 Ni 含量与 Fo 相关图 ( 据孙赫, 2009 修改 ; 东天山其他岩体数据据孙赫, 2009; 夏明哲, 2009; 傅飘儿等, 2009) Fig. 8 Ni content versus Fo values of olivine from Sidingheishan intrusion and other intrusions in East Tianshan area (modified after SUN He, 2009; the data of other intrusions from SUN He, 2009; XIA Ming-zhe, 2009; FU Piao-er et al., 2009) - Ni Fo ; - 0.5%, Ni Fo ; -, ; - Ni black line-variation of Ni content of olivine with Fo value under the condition of no sulfide liquation; yellow line-variation of Ni content of olivine with Fo value under the condition of 0.5% sulfide liquation; red line-sulfide liquation, numerals indicating the extent of sulfide liquation; pink line-ni content of olivine after the exchange of olivine and sulfide liquid PGE 6 结论 (1), ; (2), (3) 1419 ; 1100 ;, 900~1100 (4) Ni Fo ;, ( ),,,,,, [J]., 27(2): [J]., 19(2): 8-17.,, p-t [J]., 33(4): ,,,, : Sr-Nd [J]., 85(9): ,,,,, [J]., 38(5): , [J]., 4(3): 1-9.,,,,, [J]., 29(4): ,,,, Ni [J]., 27(2): ,,, [J]., 17( ): ,,,,,, [J]., 55(6): ,,,,,, [J]., 26(1): 1-14.,,,,,, [J]., 20(4): , Re-Os [J]., 26(z1): , Sm-Nd [J]., 17(1):

10 : [D]. :.,,,,,,, U-Pb [J]., 26(11): ,,,,,, U-Pb : - [J]., 25(4): ,, [J]., 7(1): [J]., 2(1): [D]. :.,,,,,,,,, Ma -[J]., 22(11): ,, Nd-Sr [J]., 25(2): References: ARTH J G Behaviour of trace elements during magmatic processes-a summary of theoretical models and their applications[j]. Journal of Research, US Geological Survey, 4(1): BARNES S J, MAIER W D The fractionation of Ni, Cu, and the noble metals in silicate and sulphide liquids[j]. Geol Assoc Can Short Course Notes, 13: BARNES S J Unusual nickel and copper to noble metal ratios from the Rana layered intrusion, northern Norway[J]. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, 67: CHAI Feng-mei, ZHANG Zhao-chong, MAO Jing-wen, DONG Lian-hui, YE Hui-shou, WU Hua, MO Xin-huan Platinum group elements geochemistry of baishiquan mafic-ultramafic intrusives in central Tianshan Block, Xinjiang[J]. Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 27(2): (in Chinese with English abstract). DAI Wen-jun Geochemical features and geological significance of mafic and ultra-mafic rock in Sidingheishan of Beishan region, Gansu province[j]. Gansu Geology, 19(2): 8-17(in Chinese with English abstract). DENG Jin-fu, LU Feng-xiang, E Mo-lan The origin and ascending p-t path of the Hannuoba basaltic magma[j]. Geological Review, 33(4): (in Chinese with English abstract). DENG Yu-feng, SONG Xie-yan, JIE Wei, CHENG Song-lin, LI Jun Petrogensis of the Huanhshandong Ni-Cu sulfide-bearing mafic-ultramafic intrusion, Northern Tianshan, Xinjiang: evidence from major and trace elements and Sr-Nd isotope[j]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 85(9): (in Chinese with English abstract). DICK H J B, NATLAND J H Late stage melt evolution and transport in the shallow mantle beneath the East Pacific Rise: Deep Sea Drilling Project[M]. Initial Reports, 147: FU Piao-er, HU Pei-qing, ZHANG Ming-jie, JIA Yuan-qin, TANG Zhong-li, LI Wen-yuan Metallogenic magmatism of Huangshan Cu-Ni sulfide deposit in Xinjiang[J]. Geochimica, 38(5): (in Chinese with English abstract). JIANG Chang-yi, AN San-yuan On chemical characteristics of calcic amphiboles from igneous rocks and their petrogenesis significance[j]. Minerals and Rocks, 4(3): 1-9(in Chinese with English abstract). LI C, RIPLEY E M, NALDRETT A J Compositional variations of olivine and sulfur isotopes in the Noril sk and Talnakh intrusions, Siberia: Implications for ore forming processes in dynamic magma conduits[j]. Economic Geology, 98(1): LI Qi-xiang, LIAO Qun-an, SAN Jin-zhu, ZHANG Jia-xin, SHI Wen-xiang, GUO Dong-bao Characteristics and tectonic significances of the mafic-ultramafic rocks from Sidingheishan area in Hami, Xinjiang[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information, 29(4): 14-20(in Chinese with English abstract). LI Shi-bin, HU Rui-zhong, SONG Xie-yan, CHEN Lie-meng, SHEN Neng-ping Sulfide separation control in Ni content of olivine in bearing-ore intrusion of magma deposit: an example from Jinchuan intrusion[j]. Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry, 27(2): (in Chinese with English abstract). MA Run-ze, XIAO Yuan-fu, WEI Xian-gui, LI You-guo Research on the geochemical property and genesis of basic and ultrabasic rocks of Jinning period in the Micangshan area, Sichuan province[j]. Minerals and Rocks, 17(S1): 35-47(in Chinese with English abstract). MORIMOTO N Nomenclature of pyroxenes[j]. Mineralogical Magazine, 52(367): NALDRETT A J, VON GRUENEWALDT G The association of the PGE with chromitite in layered intrusions and ophiolite complexes[j]. Econmic Geology, 84(1): QIAN Zhaung-zhi, SUN Tao, TANG Zhong-li, JIANG Chang-yi,

11 48 HE Ke, XIA Ming-zhe, WANG Jian-zhong Platinum group Elements Geochemistry and Its Significances of the Huangshandong Ni-Cu Sulfide Deposit, East Tianshan, China[J]. Geological Review, 55(6): (in Chinese with English abstract). QIN Ke-zhang, DING Kui-shou, XU Ying-xia, SUN He, XU Xing-wang, TANG Dong-mei, MAO Qian Ore Potential of Protoliths and Modes of Co-Ni Occurrence in Tulargen and Baishiquan Cu-Ni-Co Deposits, East Tianshan, Xinjiang[J]. Mineral Deposits, 26(1): 1-14(in Chinese with English abstract). QIN Ke-zhang, FANG Tong-hui, WANG Shu-lai, ZHU Bao-qing, FENG Yi-min, YU Hai-feng, XIU Qun-ye Plate Tectonics Division, Evolution and Metallogenic Settings in Eastern Tianshan Mountains, NW-China[J]. Xinjiang Geology, 20(4): (in Chinese with English abstract). QU Wen-jun, DU An-dao A method for Re-Os dating of copper-nickel sulfide ores and examples of its application[j]. Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 26(z1): (in Chinese with English abstract). SHI Wen-quan, DAI Wen-jun Sm-Nd isochron age of mafic and ultramafic rock in Sidingheishan and its significance[j]. Gansu Geology, 17(1): 13-16(in Chinese with English abstract). SUN He Ore-forming mechanism in conduit system and ore-forming potential evaluation of mafic-ultramafic complexes of eastern Tianshan, Xinjiang[D]. Beijing: Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences(in Chinese with English abstract). SUN Tao, QIAN Zhuang-zhi, TANG Zhong-li, JIANG Chang-yi, HE Ke, SUN Ya-li, WANG Jian-zhong, XIA Ming-zhe Zircon U-Pb Chronology, platinum group element geochemistry characteristics of Hulu Cu-Ni deposit, East Xinjiang, and its geological significance[j]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 26(11): (in Chinese with English abstract). TANG Dong-mei, QIN Ke-zhang, SUN He, SU Ben-xun, XIAO Qing-hua, CHENG Song-lin, LI Jun Lithological, chronological and geochemical characteristics of Tianyu Cu-Ni deposit: Constraints on source and genesis of mafic-ultramafic intrusions in eastern Xinjiang[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 25(4): (in Chinese with English abstract). WANG Run-min, LIU De-quan, YIN Ding-tai The conditions of controlling metallogeny of Cu-Ni sulphide ore deposits and the orientation of finding ore Hami, Xingjiang, China[J]. Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology, 7(1): 1-178(in Chinese). XIA Lin-qi Olivine geothermometer[j]. Nothwest Geoscience, 2(1): 73-82(in Chinese with English abstract). XIA Min-zhe The Mafic-ultramafic Intrusions in the Huangshan Region Eastern Tianshan, Xinjiang: Petrogenesis and Mineralization Implication[D]. Xi an: Chang an University(in Chinese with English abstract). XU Xing-wang, QIN Ke-zhang, SAN Jin-zhu, WANG Yu, HUI Wei-dong, KANG Feng, MAO Qian, LI Jin-xiang, SUN He, MA Yu-guang Discovery of layered mafic-ultramafic intrusives formed in 545 Ma in the Sidingheishan area, eastern Tianshan, China and its significances for tectonics and Cu-Ni mineralization[j]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 22(11): (in Chinese with English abstract). ZHANG Shu-ming, WU Jian-hua, ZHOU Wei-xun Nd-Sr isotopic studies of Yanshanian mafic rock in Eastern Nanling region and their implications[j]. Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 25(2): (in Chinese with English abstract).

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