2003-11 Ansoft Workshop Advanced Planar Antenna Designs for Wireless Devices 翁金輅 (Kin-Lu Wong) 國立中山大學電機系 Dept. of Electrical Engineering National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan E-mail: wongkl@mail.nsysu.edu.tw 1
Introduction (1) Wireless Communication devices Cellular phones (bar type, folder type) Laptops or Tablet PCs Personal digital assistants (PDAs) WLAN in-building access points (on-ceiling, on-wall, or-desk) Operating bands AMPS, GSM, DCS, PCS, UMTS, etc. (850, 900, 1800, 1900, 2050 MHz bands, etc.) WLAN band (2.4, 5.2, 5.8 GHz) Ultra-wide band (3.1~10.6 GHz) 2
Introduction (2) Some Promising planar antenna types Planar inverted-f antennas (PIFAs) Very-low-profile monopoles (bent, folded) Printed monopole/dipole antennas Metal-plate antennas (constructed using line-cutting or stamping) Slot antennas (stamped from metal or integrated with system ground plane) folded dipole antenna Ceramic chip antennas (SMT devices) 3
Conventional PIFAs Conventional PIFAs comprise: a top patch, a shorting pin, and a feeding pin. The top patch is mounted above a ground plane; The shorting pin and feeding pin, connected at proper positions to the top patch, have the same length as the distance between the top patch and the ground plane 4
Some dual-frequency top patches for PIFAs NSYSU, Taiwan These top patches are mainly printed on a thin dielectric substrate, and then supported above a ground plane 5
PIFA- Folded top patch, stamped from a metal plate NSYSU, Taiwan Patch stamped from a single metal plate; Then folded and attached to two sides of a dielectric slab 6
PIFA- PIFA printed on an FPCB Patent pending 7
PIFA- PIFA printed on an FPCB Length of the meandered radiating arm is ~ 95 mm, about 0.25l at 900 MHz BW (2.5:1 VSWR) covers the GSM and DCS bands; Gain about 0.5-1.4 dbi for GSM band, and about 1.3-3.2 dbi for DCS band 8
Very-Low-Profile Monopole 1- Planar monopole with slits Inner sub-patch resonates at 0.25λ for upper band; outer sub-patch at 0.25 and 0.5λ for lower and upper bands TW Patent Pub 523963 9
Very-Low-Profile Monopole 2- Planar spiral monopole Placing monopole in perpendicular to the circuit board Monopole size 7 x 30 mm 2 ; 7 mm to the system ground; Covering GSM/DCS/PCS bands TW Patent 171088 10
Very-Low-Profile Monopole 3- for folder-type handset (1) 11
Very-Low-Profile Monopole 3- for folder-type handset (2) Antenna printed on two sides of a dielectric substrate; BW (2:1 VSWR) covers the GSM/DCS/PCS bands Gain level about 1 dbi for GSM band, and about 2 dbi for DCS/PCS bands 12
Ground plane (length) effect on antenna performance NSYSU, Taiwan Effect on f r Effect on BW Effect on pattern Monopole Large large large (> 15%) Shorted monopole Large (> 15%) large large PIFA Small large large (~ 5%) 1. GP length varies from 40~200 mm (0.25~1.25l), f = 1800 MHz (l~160 mm) 2. For PIFA, max BW occurs when GP length ~ 0.35l (60 mm), 0.85l (140 mm), 1.35l (220 mm) 3. Period of null currents on GP is ~ 0.5l (80 mm) 13
Simulated Surface Current Distributions Using Ansoft HFSS NSYSU, Taiwan Dark regions indicate null currents and are spaced about 0.5l 14
Simulated Radiation Patterns Using HFSS NSYSU, Taiwan Radiation patterns dominated by the ground-plane length L = 40 mm case shows a 0.5l dipole-like pattern 15
Simulated Radiation Patterns Using HFSS NSYSU, Taiwan L = 200 mm case shows 1.5l dipole-like patterns 16
For WLAN mobile units- Surface-mount antenna NSYSU, Taiwan Regular patch antennas (ceramic chip as a substrate) Monopoles (ceramic chip as a support for the monopole) 17
SMA- Ceramic Chip Antenna (1) CP Design US Patent 6140968 18
SMA- Ceramic Chip Antenna (2.1) CP Design, dual side-feed, feed at A for RHCP, feed at B for LHCP; Gain level about 3.0 dbic (test board 50 mm x 50 mm) for GPS operation at 1575 GHz TW Patent 171997 19
SMA- Ceramic Chip Antenna (2.2) CP Design, dual side-feed ceramic chip antenna TW Patent 171997 20
SMA- Ceramic Chip Antenna (2.3) 3D Model in Ansoft HFSS 21
SMA- Ceramic Chip Antenna (2.4) Current Plot Ansoft HFSS simulation results 22
SMA- Ceramic Chip Antenna (3) Helix monopole embedded within the ceramic chip US Patent 5977927, 5892490 Meandered monopole embedded within the ceramic chip 23
Printed Dipoles/Monopoles/Slot Antennas/ PIFAs Applied to Notebook Computer US Patents 6344825, 6297779, 6008774, 6295029, 6339400, 2001/0040529, 2002/0021250 24
WLAN Slot Antennas/PIFAs Applied to Laptops NSYSU, Taiwan 25
WLAN 2.4/5.2 GHz Dual-Band Dual-Slot Antenna Antenna gain level in both 2.4 and 5.2 GHz about 6.0~7.0 dbi Patent pending 26
WLAN Metal-Plate Antenna (1) Antenna size = 3 x 60 mm 2 ; gain level ~3.6 dbi in 2.4 GHz band Patent pending 27
WLAN Metal-Plate Antenna (2), dual-band operation Antenna size = 1 x 3 x 60 mm 3 ; gain level ~3.0/3.6 dbi in 2.4/5.2 GHz bands 28
WLAN Metal-Plate Array Antenna Antenna size = 5 x 5 x 65 mm 3 ; Gain level > 4 dbi in 5 GHz band; Antenna constructed from a single metal plate 29
WLAN Access-Point Antennas On-wall, on-ceiling, on-desk designs Printed dipole array for omni or diversity radiation Printed folded dipole (or loop) array for omni or diversity radiation 30
WLAN AP Antenna- NSYSU, Taiwan Omnidirectional dipole array (1) 5 GHz AP dipole array: 1.5:1 VSWR: 5.15-5.35 GHz Peak gain: > 5.5 dbi (Duroid sub) Omnidirectional ripple: < 2 dbi Size: 12 mm x 90 mm Ports 1, 2: 0 o, 1/4 power Ports 3, 4: 180 o, 1/4 power 31
WLAN AP Antenna- Omni dipole array (2) NSYSU, Taiwan BW covers 2.4/5.2 GHz bands Gain level: ~ 2.5 dbi for 2.4 GHz band; ~4.0 dbi for 5.2 GHz band (FR4 sub) Omnidirectional ripple: < 2 dbi Size: 12 mm x 160 mm 32
WLAN AP Antenna- Diversity dual-band dipole NSYSU, Taiwan 33
WLAN AP Antenna- NSYSU, Taiwan Omnidirectional folded dipole 5 GHz AP dipole array: 2:1 VSWR: 5.0-6.1 GHz Peak gain: > 4.5 dbi (FR4 substrate) Omnidirectional ripple: < 1.8 dbi Size: 18 mm x 68 mm 34
WLAN AP Antenna- NSYSU, Taiwan Omnidirectional folded dipole Ansoft HFSS Simulation results 35
Conclusions Planar antennas are good candidates for wireless devices applications More promising planar antenna designs and applications are in progress 36
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