RFID and NFC 報告人 : 劉穎昌單位 : 正隆 RFID 應用驗測中心 中華民國 97 年 10 月 15 日
Agenda NFC 技術 NFC 標準 NFC 應用 Q & A
Agenda NFC 技術 NFC 標準 NFC 應用 Q & A
Technology Map NFC WPAN WLAN WMAN Power UWB Bluetooth Zigbee RFID UHF Passive RFID HF Passive NFC IEEE-802.11a IEEE-802.11b IEEE-802.11g IEEE-802.11n WiFi / MiMo RFID UHF Active IEEE-802.16 WiMAX Distance
Frequency and Characteristic 低頻 (LF) 高頻 (HF) 超高頻 (UHF) Band 125~135KHz 13.45MHz 860~960MHz Type Passive Passive ISO14443 Passive ISO15693 Passive ISO18092 Passive Active Distance 0~50cm <10cm <1.5M <10cm 3~10M >10M Memory Capacity 64~1K 8K~128K 256~512 1~1024K 64~512 -- Coupling Inductive Inductive Backscatter Transfer Rate Low High Fast Development Old Old Mature Reader Cost Low Medium High Defect Short Range Metal Water, Metal, EM Wave Application Animal Tracking, Security Security, Ticket, Process Control, Automation, Payment Supply Chain Management, Real Time Location
Wavelength & Frequency RFID Spectrum: Wavelength and Frequency: HF: 300 λ ( 13.56 MHz ) = = 22meters = 72. 6 13.56 feet
Inductive Coupling 磁場 ( 近場 )
TAG ANTENNA SPEC. OTI CITIFOB (IN FOB) RESONANT FREQUENCY AND BANDWIDTH TI CITIFOB (IN FOB) RESONANT FREQUENCY AND BANDWIDTH HELMHOTZ COIL TESTING 13.56 MHz DESIGNED FOR PAYPASS MODULE. FUNCTIONALLY TESTED Q- factor Bandwidth Resonant frequency OTI CITIFOB (IN FREESPACE) RESONANT FREQUENCY AND BANDWIDTH TI CITIFOB (IN FREESPACE) RESONANT FREQUENCY AND BANDWIDTH
NFC Tag
NFC Information Technology
NFC Information Technology NDEF(NFC Data Exchange Format) 技術規格 - 制訂合乎 NFC 論壇定義 規範的 NFC 裝置 (Device) NFC 標籤 (Tag) 的共通資料格式 (common data format) RTD(NFC Record Type Definition) 技術規格 - 規範 定義用於訊息 (Message) 的資料記錄型態, 訊息 主要是用在合乎 NFC 裝置 ( 合乎 NFC 論壇的規範 ) 之間的通訊, 以及 NFC 裝置與 NFC 標籤之間的通訊 NFC Text RTD 技術規格 - 規範 定義用於裝置 ( 具有 NFC 功效機制 ) 的純文字式記錄 NFC URI RTD 技術規格 - 有關具備 NFC 功效的裝置要素的網際網路資源參照
Active Mode Source : Electronic Engineering Times-Asia, NFC delivers intuitive, connected consumer experience,
Passive Mode Source : Electronic Engineering Times-Asia, NFC delivers intuitive, connected consumer experience,
NFC With Mobile Phone Source : Electronic Engineering Times-Asia, NFC delivers intuitive, connected consumer experience.
Peer To Peer Mode Source : Electronic Engineering Times-Asia, NFC delivers intuitive, connected consumer experience.
Agenda NFC 技術 NFC 標準 NFC 應用 Q & A
HF Technology & Standard Standard No. Name ISO/IEC 18000-3 ISO/IEC 14443 ISO/IEC 15693 ISO/IEC 18092 (NFCIP-1) (ECMA 340) ETSI TS 102 190 V1.1.1 ISO/IEC 21481 (NFCIP-2) (ECMA 352) ETSI TS 102 312 V1.1.1 ISO/IEC TR 18046 ISO/IEC TR 18047 ISO/IEC 10373-6 ISO/IEC 10373-7 ISO/IEC 22536 (NFCIP-1)(ECMA-356) ETSI TS 102 345 V1.1.1 ISO/IEC 23917 (ECMA-362) Air Interface at 13.56MHz ID Proximity Card ID Vicinity Card Near Field Communication Interface & Protocol To Bridge ISO 18092/15693/14443 Performance TEST Method Conformance TEST Method ID Proximity Card TEST Method ID Vicinity Card TEST Method NFC RF Interface TEST Method NFC Protocol TEST Method Note: ECMA (European Computer Manufacturer s Association)
NFC Standard 目前國際上提出 NFC 標準的主要組織 ISO ECMA NFC Forum ECMA (European Computer Manufacturer s Association) 2002.12 Philips - ECMA 340 NFCIP-1 2003.09 Sony join in NFC 2004.09 ISO/IEC 18092 2004.12 EMCA 340 2ed = ISO/IEC 18092 NFCIP-1 EMCA 352 = NFCIP-2 NFCIP-2 18
NFC Forum NFC FORUM 使命 : 發展 NFC 裝置模組架構與通訊協定之技術規格, 確保 NFC 裝置間能夠相互地達到資料交換與設備獨立 (device-independent) 服務遞送以及感應連結裝置的共通使用性 (Interoperability) 成員 : Nokia Philips 以及 Sony 於 2004 共同發起, 成員有 MasterCard VISA Microsoft NEC Panasonic Renesas,Samsung TI HP 等,2007 年末已超過 130 位成員 工作 : 通訊協定與資料交換等相關標準制訂
NFC Field
ISO 14443A ISO 14443A 感應距離 : 7~15 mm 調變方式 :ASK 100% (PCD PICC),OOK (PICC PCD) 位元編碼方式 :Modify Miller (PCD PICC),Manchester (PICC PCD) 資料傳輸速率 : 106 Kbps 防碰撞協定 : 二進位搜尋 支援 3DES Encryption 主要市場 : 電子錢包應用領域 主要廠商 : NXP Infineon
ISO 14443B ISO 14443B 感應距離 : 7~15 mm 調變方式 :ASK 10% (PCD PICC),BPSK (PICC PCD) 位元編碼方式 :NRZ (PCD PICC),NRZ-L (PICC PCD) 資料傳輸速率 : 106 Kbps 防碰撞協定 : Slotted Aloha 支援 3DES Encryption 主要市場 : 電子錢包應用領域 主要廠商 : NXP Infineon TI
ISO 15693 ISO 15693 感應距離 : 0~1.5m 調變方式 :ASK 10% 100% (VCD VICC) ASK FSK (VCD VICC) 位元編碼方式 : PPM (VCD VICC), Manchester (VICC VCD) 資料傳輸速率 :1.65~26.48 Kbps 支援 DES 3DES Encryption 主要市場 : 門禁及資產管理應用領域 主要廠商 : TI
ISO 18000-3 ISO 18000-3 感應距離 : 0~90 公分 ( 與 ISO 15693 相當 ) 10~40 個 Tags/ 秒 Mode 1: 以 ISO 15693 為基礎 Reader to Tag Data Rate: 1.65~26.48 Kbps Tag to Reader Data Rate: 26.48 Kbps Mode 2: 使用 PJM(Phase-Jitter Modulation) Reader to Tag Data Rate: 423.75 Kbps Tag to Reader Data Rate: 105.9375 Kbps/ch (8 ch.s)
EPCglobal HF V2.0 參考 UHF Gen.2 Protocol 感應距離 : 0~90 公分 ( 與 ISO 15693 相當 ) 10~160 個 Tags/ 秒 優點 Reader to Tag Data Rate: 26.7~100 Kbps Tag to Reader Data Rate: 423~847 Kbps 由 ISO 18000-3 Mode 1 技術延伸, 可得到較多之廠商支持 更高之資料讀取速率 (26 Kbps up to 53 Kbps) 引用 UHF Gen. 2 部份邏輯層技術, 提升讀取速度及穩定性 Reader 設計上也會因 Tag 延伸使用 Gen.2 部份技術, 而使得 UHF 及 HF Reader 整合一起的軟硬體成本大幅下降 缺點 標準仍待審議, 尚有變數 即使標準公佈, 仍需待一段時間產品及技術才會成熟
EPCglobal HF V2.0
ISO 18092 ISO 18092 感應距離 : 被動式 7~50 mm 主動式 10 cm 工作模式 : Reader Tag P2P RF & PHY: ISO 14443A 資料傳輸速率 :106~424 Kbps 主動模式 :846, 1695, 3390, 6780 Kbps 被動模式 :106, 212,424 Kbps 主要市場 : 電子錢包 電子海報 手機應用領域 主要廠商 : NXP SONY
Marketing Trend Closed loop Application Crossed Loop Application Tag Cost Memory Capacity Tag Power Consumption RFID Network Expanding Sensor Function +
UHF HF RFID Application Drive Tag US$ 0.05 & Cheap Reader Lower Tag Power Consumption Tag smaller size RFID Network Tag Memory Capacity Bigger Anti-Collision Tag smaller size Code Encryption & Decryption RFID Network
RFID Standard Evolution UHF HF ISO 18000-6A/B EPCglobal Class 1 Gen. II ISO 18000-6C ISO 14443A/B ISO 15693 ISO 18000-3/1/2 EPCglobal HF Gen. II ISO 18000-3/3 ISO 18092 NFCIP-1/2 ECMA340?
Agenda NFC 技術 NFC 標準 NFC 應用 Q & A
NFC Application NFC Application Concept Touch & GO Touch & Confirm Touch & Connect NFC Application ID:for personal Peer to Peer Data Transfer:for IT devices Data R/W:for information
Application Payment Transport NFC Application Description/examples Credit cart for payment in shops or vending machine (e.g.visa card) Public transport pass(e.g.octopus) Drivers Cash replacement Convenience Short transaction time Plastic card substitutuon Access to online services on the phone Further reduce the use of cash/cheque Loyalty Content access Ticketing Access control Loyalty card enabling the user to gain points from supemarkets Access information instantly from an NFC tag on a street poster,in a magazine or at bus stop(e.g.smart poster) e-ticket delivered over the air and pass the gates without queuing Open a building/door/car Lock/unlock laptop Setup wireless configurations Plastic card substitution Access to online services on the phone Advertising applications Proximity information services Convenience / Security services Reduced coste for ticket issuing Convenience Convenience Substitution of existing solutions Short set-up time the and secure
NFC Potential Mobile Device Transport and payment Standard development Multiple applications Mobile Felica provides some validation of the Market potential 40% of DoCoMo s subscribers have compatible phones 100+ million of cards already used in large city s schemes (e.g.london,hk,singapore,paris,taipei,..) Contactless payment has taken off in the US$ 30 millions cards issued and 60,000 locations(q3 07) Large industry support (>130 members) to agree on the basic building blocks of mobile contactless Essential elements of standardisation to be ready by Q1-2 2008 Applications can be downloaded over-the-air on compatible NFC phones,during the customer lifecycle Costs needed to develop mobile contactless can be shared to offer multiple end-user services
Forecasts of NFC-enable Handset
NFC Hotspot in Cities Source: Ovum consulting Company
Healthcare Source: 2006 IEEE, Esko Strömmer et al, Application of Near Field Communication for Health Monitoring in Daily Life Communication (NFC)
Payment Checks VISA / MASTER Card Coins & Cash Contactless Card Pay-Buy-Mobile
Document Control
Smart Package HF Smart Package Case / Box Series: CLC e-boxe Function: Anti-counterfeit / e-pedigreee Frequency: 13.56MHz / 2.45GHz Technology: ISO 18000-3 3 / ISO 15693 / uid Sensing Distance: 5 cm Type: Paste Inside / Embedded
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Q & A 感謝聆聽! 正隆 RFID 應用驗測中心 Tel:+886-2-2222-5131 ext 517, 518 flag@mail.clc.com.tw