1,5-40 GHz Meander Spiral Antenna Simulation and Design Presenter: Fabrizio Trotta Ansoft Corporation
Application Introduction Design Specification Antenna Topology Numerical Method Approach Design Methodology Balun Lossy Cavity Radiating Circuit Simulation Vs Measurements NF to FF Measurement (STARLAB) 0.8-18 GHz Far Field Measurement 18-40 GHz
Application Electronic Support Measurement (ESM) Radar Warning Receiver (RWR) Antenna and Radome ESM System
Design Specification UWB Frequency Operation f Max : f min Accepted Field Polarization LHCP PO PV Gain Flatness HPBW Stability Return Loss Go db ( f ) ±G HPBW(f)= HPBW 0 ±θ S 11 ( f ) < So db Mechanical Constraints L Max H Max W Max Reproducibility System Requirement Industrialization Target Cost;
Antenna Topology Spiral Antennas are suitable for ESM/RWR System application Typical Electrical Parameter S 0 db < -10 db HPBW 0 80 GLHCP 3 dbi Low Profile W Max < R Max Cross-polarization < -20dB @ Boresight
Numerical Approach Mixed Potential Integral Equation (MPIE) Formulation of Maxwell Equation MoM applied to MPIE (ANSOFT Planar EM) Suitable for Planar Structure Tetrahedrical Mesh
Design Methodology The Antenna Design is divided in two phases: The three substructure Design Feeding Circuit Balun Absorber material filled Cavity Cavity Radiating Circuit Circuit Complete spiral antenna analysis and total radiating element performances evaluation
Feeding Circuit Design (1/2) The feeding circuit must provide a transition from an unbalanced guiding structure to a balanced ones (Balun) In addition it must provide an impedance transformation to match the radiating circuit input impedance over the whole frequency bandwidth. Balun Layout
Feeding Circuit Design (2/2) Balun Material: ARLON AD600 (( r = 6) with thickness t = 0.508mm S-parameter Simulation S 11 ( f ) S 21 ( f ) db Return Loss 0-5 -10-15 -20-25 -30-35 -40-45 -50 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Freq [GHz] db Insertion Loss 0-0,5-1 -1,5-2 -2,5-3 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Freq [GHz]
Lossy Cavity Design The Backside Cavity is filled with Honeycomb Absorber (HC) to suppress the back radiation The HC Absorber has been modeled with three different uniform lossy dielectric layers. h h
Radiating Circuit Design(1/3) Equiangular Shape Archimedean Shape r φ r φ Self Complementary Structure Lower Losses Stability of phase centre Improved Axial Ratio Wider operating frequency BW with a given antenna diameter
Radiating Circuit Design(2/3) Combined Spiral Antenna r Max r Eq r Max r Eq 1.5
Radiating Circuit Design(3/3) Meander Combined Spiral Antenna Ω = 2 2π / 60
Technology Choice Antenna Dielectric Substrate Analysis Current Density distribution(@2ghz) vs Dielectric substrate permittivity r r a = Radius of active region Current Density distribution (@2GHz) vs Dielectric substrate Thickness H
Size Reduction Gain 10 5 dbi 0-5 -10 Meander combined spiral Combined Spiral -15-20 -25 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 freq [GHz] 15% size reduction with Meandering last spiral wings
3D Antenna Layout Simulated Antenna Realized Antenna
NF to FF Measurement (1/3) Near Field Measurements with STARLAB by SATIMO from 0.8 to 18 GHz Antenna
NF to FF Measurement (2/3) Gain @ 4 GHz Gain @ 5 GHz Gain @ 8 GHz Gain @ 10 GHz Gain @ 13 GHz Gain @ 18 GHz
NF to FF Measurement (3/3) Gain dbi 8 6 4 2 0-2 -4-6 -8-10 Gain_phi Gain_teta Gain_LCPH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 freq [GHz]
Far Field Measurement (1/2) Far Field Measurements 18-40 GHz with Anechoic Chamber
Far Field Measurement (2/2) Gain @ 26 GHz Gain @ 30 GHz Gain @ 35 GHz Gain @ 40 GHz
Simulation Vs Measurement (1/3) 0 S 11 ( f ) Meas Return Loss Vs S 11 ( f ) Simu Measured RL Simulated RL -10-20 db -30-40 -50 0 10 20 30 40 GHz
Simulation Vs Measurement (2/3) Broadband LHCP Gain @ Boresight Gain dbi 10 8 6 4 2 0-2 -4-6 -8-10 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 freq [GHz] Measured Simulated
Simulation Vs Measurement (3/3) Gain @ 4 GHz Pattern@4GHz Gain @ 32 GHz Pattern@32GHz 5 measured 5 0 simulated 0 measured simulated -5-5 dbi -10 dbi -10-15 -15-20 -20-25 -200-150 -100-50 0 50 100 150 200-25 -200-150 -100-50 0 50 100 150 200 ang deg ang deg Gain @ 18 GHz Gain @ 40 GHz Pattern@18GHz Pattern@40GHz 5 measured 5 0 simulated 0 measured simulated -5-5 dbi -10 dbi -10-15 -15-20 -20-25 -200-150 -100-50 0 50 100 150 200-25 -200-150 -100-50 0 50 100 150 200 ang deg ang deg
Conclusion The design of 1,5-40 GHz Meander Spiral Antenna has been performed using Planar EM by Ansoft The Antenna Design has been divided in three substructure: Balun The Absorber Filled Cavity Circuit Layout Combining the Equiangular shape and the Archimedean shape we have avoided the drawbacks of each radiating structure. Meandering the last spiral turns we have obtained about 15% size Antenna reduction The simulated results are in good accordance with the measurements in terms of Return Loss, Gain and Pattern
Acknowledgments Design, Simulation and Measure of Broadband Cavity Backed Combined Spiral Antenna Paolo Baldonero*; Marco Bartocci*; Antonio Manna*; Andrea Pantano* and Fabrizio Trotta* *Antenna Department Elettronica S.p.A., Via Tiburtina Valeria km 13.700, Rome, Italy. Tel: +39-064154616; Fax: +39-064154441; E-mail:name.surname@elt.it Optimization of a UWB Vivaldi Antenna Array and Measurements with a Near Fields STARLAB System and Farfield Anechoic Chamber Paolo Baldonero*; Marco Bartocci*; Antonio Manna*; Andrea Pantano* and Fabrizio Trotta* *Antenna Department Elettronica S.p.A., Via Tiburtina Valeria km 13.700, Rome, Italy. Tel: +39-064154616; Fax: +39-064154441; E-mail:name.surname@elt.it
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