1965,,, 20,,,,, 60,,,,,,,,,,, 2004, 2. 88, 3400, 12% ;, 7,,, :, 1996 3 ; :, 1994 1 ; :, 2004 5, : (Congressional Budget Office, The Role of Imm igrants in the U. S. LaborMar2 ket ), 2005 11, http: / /www. cbo. gov/ftpdocs/68xx/doc6853 /11-10 - Imm igration. pdf, 2005 12 21
127, 1965,,,,,,, 1820 2004, 6986. 95, 1960 2004 40, 2802. 85, 1880 1930 2757. 26, 10, 1991 2000, 909. 54, 1901 1910 879. 54 ;, 1991, 182. 72, 1907 128. 53,,,,, 20 50, 67. 7%, 80, 12%, 85%, 50,, : ( ) ; 90,,,,,,,,, 2001 106. 4, 67. 6, 63. 3% ; 2002 106, 67. 4, 63. 3% ; 2003 70. 6, 49. 2, 69. 7%,,,, 1990 350, 2000 1 700 ; 2000 870 ;, 2002 3, 930,,, 1990, 26% 25 9 ; 2000 3, 22. 2%, 4. 7%,,,,, : 2004 (Office of Imm igration Statistics, 2004 Yearbook of Imm igration Statistics ), 5, ht2 tp: / /www. dhs. gov/xlibrary/assets/ statistics/ yearbook /2004 /Yearbook2004. pdf, 2007 8 29 D. - : : ( Frank D. Bean and Stephanie Bell - Rose, Imm igration and O pportunity: Race, Ethnicity, and Em ploym ent in the U nited S tates), 1999, 7 P. : : ( James P. Sm ith and Barry Edmonston, ed., The N ew Am ericans: Econom ic, D em ographic, and Fiscal Effects of Imm igration), 1997, 28 : ( Congressional Budget Office, A Descrip tion of the Imm igrant Population ), 2004 11, ht2 tp: / /www. cbo. gov/ftpdocs/60xx/doc6019 /11-23 - Imm igrant. pdf, 2007 4 10 A. : (Maria A. Padilla, Impact of the Mexican Imm igrant Labor Force in the United States Economy ), http: / /www1. app state. edu / stefanov/ student2002. pdf, 2006 2 10 :, 2004 5
128 2008 6,,,,,,,, 1965,,,,,,, 1965 33%, 1977 42%, 1986 49%, 1993 65%,, ( Pete W ilson) ( Gary Becker),,,,, 1995, 82%,,, 60% 70%, 40%, 20%, : ( ),,? ( ),?, ;,, 1990,, 1995 (National Research Council),, 12,,,, 1986 2005 2007,,, 1985 :,, 2001 1 : : (N icolaus M ills, ed., A rguing Imm igration: The Debate over the Changing Face of Am erica), 1994, 31 : (N icholas Capaldi, ed., Imm igration: D ebating the Issues), 1997, 172 L. - : : ( Francisco L. R ivera - Batiz, M igration and the LaborMarket: Sectoral and Regional Effects in the U. S. 2006 6 10 ), 1997 12, http: / /www. columbia. edu / flr9 / imm ig. pdf, P. : : ( The Imm igration D ebate: S tudies on the Econom ic, D em ographic, and Fiscal Effects of Imm igration), 1998
129 (Center for Imm igration Studies) 2001 ( the Pew H ispanic Center), ( The U rban Institute) (National Bureau of Econom ic Research),,, ;,, 1994,?,,,,, ( ),,,,, L.,,,, R. 1970 1990,,,,,,,,, J., 1970,,,, 17%, 15,, 30 11%,,,,, M. :? (Vernon M. B riggs, Jr. and Stephen More, S till an O pen D oor? U. S. Imm igration Policy and the Am erican Econom y), 1994 L. : (Julian L. Simon, The Econom ic Consequences of Imm igration), 1989, 38 J. : ( George J. Borjas, ed., Issues in the Econom ies of Imm igration), 2000, 51 115 J. : : ( George J. Borjas, Friends ors trangers: The Im pact of Imm igrants on the U. S. Econom y), 1990, 45 46
130 2008 6,,,, 1970 ( 25 35 35 44 45 54 ),,, 20, ( 1965 1969 ) ( 25 34 ) 20,,,, A.,,,,, 2002,,,,, 1970, 10 27%, 10%, 5%,,, 10 16%, ( ),,, 1953, (Bernard) :,,, J. : R. : (Barry R. Chiswick, The Effect of Americanization on the Earnings of Foreign - Born Men ), ( The Journal of Political Econom y) 86, 5, 1978 10, 897 921 J. : ( George J. Borjas, The Econom ies of Imm igration ), ( Journal of Econom ic L iterature) XXX II, 1994 12, 1667 1717 A. : ( Sherrie A. Kossoudji, English Language Abil2 ity and LaborMarket Opportunities of H ispanic and East A sian Imm igrantmen ), (Journal of Labor Econom ics) 6, 2, 1988 4 T. : (A lberto Da vila, Marie T. Mora, English Profi2 ciency and Imm igrant Entrep reneurial Income in the U. S. ),, 2002 8, http: / /www. econ. duke. edu / smpe /pdf - files/davmora. pdf, 2005 12 21 J. : : ( George J. Borjas, Heaven s Door: Imm igration Policy and the Am erican Econom y), 1999, 51 54 56 58 J. : (Augustine J. Kposowa, The Im pact of Imm igration on the United S tates Econ2 om y), 1998, 26
131,, 1980,,, 7%, :, ;, 2005,,,, ( Greater Twin Cities United W ay),,,,,, 1960 2000, 18 64, 10%, 3% 4%, 2% 3%,, :,,,,, ;,,,,,, J. :, ( Raymond J. Keating, A Nation of Imm igrants, An Economy of Imm igrants ), 2001 9, http: / /www. sbsc. org. media /pdf/sbscpolicyseries4 imm igrant. pdf? Formmode = &ID = 0, 2005 12 21 : (David Card, The Impact of the Mariel Boatlift on the M iam i Labor Market ), ( Industrial and Labor Relations Review ) 43, 2, 1990 1 :? (David Card, Is the New Imm igration Really So Bad? ), (National Bureau of Econom ic Research) 11547, 2005 8, http: / /www. nber. org/papers/w11547, 2007 2 24 : ( Greater Twin Cities United W ay, Imm igrants and the Economy ), 2002 6, http: / / www. unitedwaytwincities. org/news/download / Imm igration% Econom ics. pdf, 2005 12 26 J. : : ( George J. Borjas, The Labor Demand Curve is Downward Slop ing: Reexam ining the Impact of Imm igration on the Labor Market ), 2002 11, http: / / cep. lse. ac. uk / sem i2 narpapers/21-01 - 03 - BOR. pdf, 2005 12 26 :? ( Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, Does Imm igration AffectW ages? ), 2003 8, http: / /cep. lse. ac. uk /Sem inarpapers/21-01 - 03 - BoR. pdf, 2005 12 26
132 2008 6,,, 10%, 2%,,, J.,,, ;, ( ),,,,, 90, (Rea) ( Park) (Donald Huddle),, 9. 47, 1. 39,,, 425, ( Fix) ( Passel),, 500, 425 1989 1990 1994 1995,,,,,, 1484, 3463, 232, 1178,,, 520 127, 3 4,, 229 1174,,,,,,,,, : 23, : 1970 1990, : ( Kristopher Kaneta, Imm igration and Its Effects on U. S. Labor Markets ), http: / / titan. iwu. edu / econ /ppe /1999 /kris. pdf, 2005 12 21 ; P. : :, 6 : (Jean Baldwin Grossman, The Substitutability of Natives and Imm i2 grants in Production ), ( The Review of Econom ics and S tatistics) 64, 4, 1982 11 J. :, 99 J. P. L. J. E. : ( J. Samuel, P. L. Martin, J. E. Taylor, The Jobs and Effects of M igrantworkers in Northern America - Three Essays ), http: / /www. ilo /org/public / English /p rotection / m igrant/download / imp10. pdf, 2006 1 21 P. : :, 254 294 342
133,, 1990, 8. 4%, 10. 1%, 13. 1% : ;,,,,,, ( )?,,,,,,,,,? 90,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,, 25 64, 30% 2%, 63% 6,,,, :,,,,,,, J. : : 1970 1990 ( George J. Borjas, Imm igration and W elfare: 1970-1990 ), NBER 4872, 1994 9, http: / /www. nber. org/papers/w4872, 2006 12 8 M. :?, 51 S. D. : (Daniel S. Hamermesh and Frank D. Bean, ed., Help or H indrance?: The Econom ic Im plications of Imm igration for African Am ericans), 1998, 12 D. - : :, 14 P. : :, 224
134 2008 6,,,,, ( Production Theory) ( Human Cap ital Theory) (Neoclassical Trade Theory) (Dual LaborMarket Theory), ( ),,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,, (Robert Park),,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) ( Shultz) (Becker),,,,,,, A. W. A. : : ( Jorge A. Hustamante, Clark W. Reyholds and Ra la. H inojosa O jeda, ed., U. S. 1992, 367 A. :, 34 35 - M exico Relations: LaborM arket Interdependence), D. - : :, 35 36
135,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) (Heckscher) (Ohlin),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) (M ichael Piore) 1979, ( Segmented labor market theory),, (p rimary sector) ( secondary sector), ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, J. :, 9 12 J. P. L. J. E. : A. W. A. : :, 273
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137,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,, [, 130024 ] ( : )