1
380~760 nm 555 nm 760 nm 380 nm 8 c 3 10 m/s c 1-1 1-1 (nm) (nm) 723~647 492~455 647~585 455~424 585~575 424~397 575~492 2
1 ( ) ( ) ( ) i 2 i 1 nsini n sini (1-1) 1 1 n i 1 n i 1 3
( ) n n 4
1 1. 1-1 (1) A. B. C. (2) (3) 1-1 2. (1) n n n n l l r (1-2) (n n) / r Φ (D) (l ) F f 5
nr f n n (1-3) (l ) F f f nr n n (1-4) n n f f (1-5) 0 0 (2) A. y nl y nl (1-6) 0 0 1 1 1 B. dl dl dl / dl 2 dl 2 nl n dl 2 n l n (1-7) 6
1 C. u u l n 1 l n (1-8) 3. (1) 1-2 AB BF F F 1-2 7
AB BF B B BH H H BH H F f (2) F F F FE ED E E EH H H EH H F f EH EH EH EH 1 1 (1) x F x F 1-3 8
1 1-3 BAF MHF BAF NHF y f y x y x y f xx ff (1-9) (2) l H l H 1-3 n n f f l l 1 (1-10) f ( ) (Interference) f 9
( ) (Diffraction) (Fraunhofer diffraction) ( ) (Polarization) polarizer 10
1 ( ) (Spherical Aberration) ( ) (Comatic Aberration; Coma) ( ) (Astigmatism) (Curvature of Field) 抛 ( ) (Distortion) 11
( ) (Chromatic Aberration) (Abbe number) (Maddox) 12
1 ( ) 1-4 1. 2. 3. 4. 1-4 13
5. 6. ( ) 1. (r) 2. (R) R 1/r 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 14
1 ( ) 1. D F 1/f 1 (D) 1 2. n n F (n n)r (1-11) r n n r 3. F 1 F 2 n n n3 n2 F (n n )R F 2 (n3 n 2)R r 2 1 1 2 1 r1 2 n 1 n 2 n 2 n 3 F F1 F2 dff 1 2 (1-12) d d 0 15
1-1 7.7 mm 6.8 mm 1.376 1.333 F F F 1 2 n n n n 1.376 1 1.333 1.376 2 1 3 2 3 3 r1 r2 7.7 10 6.8 10 48.8 5.8 43(D) 4. F V F d 1 F2 n (1-13) F V F d n F 2 d ( ) 1. DS 0.25DS 0.125DS 16
1 1-5 1-2 1-5 1-2 1 l f l 2f f l 2f l 2f l 2f f l 2f l 2f l f l 0 l f l l 2. (1) (2) 17
3. ( ) FDC F 2.00DC 180 1.00DC 45 180 1. (1) 0 (2) (3) F 2 Fsin (1-14) F 2. 1-6 (1) (2) (3) 1-6 18
1 3. (1) 1-7 1-7 (2) (3) 4. TABO (1) TABO 1929 TABO 0 180 180 1-8 1-8 TABO 19
(2) TABO 1-9 1-9 (3) TABO 1-10 1-10 ( ) 1. (1) 2.00DS / 1.00DC 180 (2) 2.00DS / 1.00DC 180 (3) 1.00DC 180 / 2.00DC 90 20